Assignment#1

Topic:
Base line situation of EIA processes: Case Study.

Submitted to:
Dr. Muhammad Sajjad

Submitted by:
Sidra Liaqat
SP16-BES-015

Course:
Environmental Impact Assessment

COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus.

1
EIA:

A report was prepared in order to provide decision makers and stakeholders with an
understanding of the environmental effects of a proposed project. That’s called Environmental
Impact Assessment. When major projects are launched in an environment, it has positive or
negative impacts on the environment. It provides us information on the type and seriousness of
impacts which are arising from the construction and working of proposed projects in an
environment.

The information required for the EIA may include:

 Explanation about the proposed project

Baseline situation in EIA processes:

“Existing conditions of a system called as Baseline situation.”

EIA processes:

“The method in which an EIA is established is not solid, it is a process which is comprises to a
series of steps called as EIA process.”

It includes:

1. Screening:

The very start step of the project. When a person has identified a need of project and prefer to the
alternative of a project and thus select a suitable alternative, two important questions must be
remembered:

 What will be the effects of this project on the environment?

2
This step leads to the problems and issues that need to be solved. That is those effects that have
adverse impact on the environment.

3. Baseline study:

It is important to gather all the relevant data and information on the exiting or present situation of
the environment. This relates to the baseline study. It gives a baseline about a change that can be
measured due to the development.

4. Prediction and assessment:

It leads to the changes that can be occurred in an environment in result of a development. This
also obtain the results which can be used by decision makers in finding the type of project
application.

5. Mitigation:

The analysis of effects will show damaging impacts on the environment. These may be measured
by mitigation measures. Mitigations involves taking actions to reduce the environmental impacts
and it can be seen that the nature of the EIA process is demonstrated.

6. Management and monitoring:

Management and monitoring of the EIS is referred to as Environmental Action Plan or

It is established by law between:

 Individual and government

The last stage of an EIA is managed by an Environmental Audit sometime by the completion of
a project. The Audit should include assessment of the technical and decision-making impacts of
the EIA.

8. Public participation:
3
Projects have important effects on the population and environment. Its purpose to improve the
well-being of the population. Public participation is involved in EIA process.

For example, if any plant is working for one hour and rays are emitted from it, so it is not too
much damaging as it is working for 24 hours and rays are emitted from it [Link] in this
way it shows negative impacts on the population and environment.

Case study on Environmental Impact Assessment in Pakistan:

When a project is established in an area, a report is prepared for this project which consists of EIA
[Link] includes following steps:

1. Description of the current environmental conditions:

The location must be established within an area or a community for a project. A report or a map
is often required for a [Link] has significant impacts on the environment.

Components of the environment must include following factors:

1. Land:
 Soils (clay, sandy)
 Topography
 What type of geology?
2. Water:
 In what type water exists there? It is drainage water, river and streams.
 Surface water bodies exists there or not? The taste of water.
3. Air:
 Climate changes, humidity, precipitation, temperature.
 Source of air quality, its order and smell.
4. Noise:
 How much noise is produced from the industry and is affecting the population of
that area.
5. Biological resources:
 Flora and fauna (plants and animals that exist there.
 The type of vegetation that is that grow there, how much produce this vegetation?.
6. Human settlement and physical infrastructure:

4
  Transportation system includes roads, pathways and railways.
 Current sewerage system and waste water treatment plants
 Solid waste management system
 Use of energy systems like solar energy or wind energy
 Aesthetic value of the environment like plants, flowers etc. are present there or
not?
7. Description of alternatives:
It is an important part of the proposed project. It includes:
 Engineering alternatives.
 Design alternatives.
 Location alternative.
8. Impacts of the project:
a. Beneficial impacts:
It is essential to compare the benefits of the project which have positive impacts
on the environment.
b. Construction impacts:
Economic impacts could be essential and employment for the proposed project or
plan.
c. Short term impacts:
Effects of the project that extend between the construction and end of the project.
d. Long term impacts:
The effects of the project 12 or 15 years after the construction on the
environment.
9. Description of techniques:
Describe the techniques that minimize the negative or adverse impacts on the
environment.
10. Final conclusion, recommendations and remarks:
 The project (industry) is working in the limits of 17 sustainable development
goals and the population is safe from the project.
 If smoke is arising from the industry it should be clean through the chimneys and
exit to the environment so that it could not damage the environment that causes

5
climate change. If all the recommendations are fulfilled then the whole population
is safe from the project.