Water
Chapter – 3
Class IX
Exercise 3 (A)
Question 1.
Water exists in all three states. Discuss.
Solution:
In free state, water occurs in three states viz, solid, liquid and gaseous state.
1. Solid state of water: In solid state, a large amount of fresh water is found in the form of snow
or Ice.
2. Liquid state of water: Most of the water present in oceans, on land water found in streams,
rivers, lakes, ponds, springs are also liquid state of water.
3. Gaseous state of water: In gaseous form, water vapours present in air. When these vapours
condense, they form clouds, mist, fog etc. are examples of water in gaseous form.
Question 2.
Why is water considered a compound?
Solution:
Water is considered as a compound because it is made up of two elements, hydrogen and
oxygen combined in the ratio of 1 : 8 by mass.
Mass ratio of elements H2O
H : O, 2 X 1 : 16 X 1 = 1 : 8
(Atomic mass of H = 1, O = 16)
And also components of water cannot be separated by physical methods but can be separated
by electrolysis of water.
Question 3.
(a) Why does temperature in Mumbai and Chennai not fall as low as it does in Delhi?
(b) Give the properties of water responsible for controlling the temperature of our body.
Solution:
(a) The temperature in Mumbai and Chennai do not fall as low as in Delhi because Mumbai
and Chennai are situated at the bank of the oceans due to high specific heat capacity the
presence of a large amount of water is able to modify the climate of the nearby land areas are
warmer in winter and cooler in summer temperature does not fall wherever Delhi has not
same condition.
(b) Our body is almost 65% of water and water has property of specific heat. Due high
specific heat capacity the presence of large amount of water is able to modify the climate of
the body and control the temperature of our body which is warm in winter and cooler in
summer.
Question 4.
Water is the universal solvent’. Comment.
Solution:
Water dissolves many substances forming aqueous solution. It can dissolve solids, liquids and
gases. When a solid dissolves in water the solid is said to be solute, the water (the solvent)
and the resultant liquid, the solution. So it is said that water is a universal solvent. In other
words water can dissolve nearly every substance.
Question 5.
What causes the violence associated with torrential rain?
Solution:
The sudden release of the latent heat of condensation causes the violence associated with
torrential rain.
Question 6.
(a) Which property of water enables it to modify the climate?
(b) Density of water varies with temperature. What are its consequences?
(c) What is the effect of impurities present in the water on the melting point and boiling point of
water?
Solution:
(a) Specific heat
(b) We know that density is the ratio of mass to volume. So, when temperature varies, the volume
of liquid [Link] is seen that when temperature increases, then volume also increases and since,
volume is directly proportional to temperature. Therefore,on increasing the temperature of water from,
density decreases.
Also, when water is cooled, it first contracts in volume like other liquids but below 4∘C it starts
expanding and continues to do so till the temperature reaches 0∘C, the point at which water freezes
into ice and when ice is formed, density reduces.
Therefore, from above we can conclude that the main consequence of variation of density of water
with temperature is that water has its highest density at 4∘C. So, at low temperature in the ocean, top
layer of water freezes into ice but the water below this layer will remain in liquid form which allows
the existence of aquatic species even in cold regions.
(c) Freezing point of water decreases due the presence of dissolved impurities in it. Boiling
point of water increases due the presence of dissolved impurities in it.
Question 7.
How do fishes and aquatic animals survive when the pond gets covered with thick ice?
Solution:
Even though the ponds covered with thick ice, beneath there will be water because of the maximum
density level of water which helps the fishes and aquatic animal survive.
Question 8.
The properties of water are different from the properties of the elements of which it is formed. Discuss.
Solution:
Water is formed by the combination of Hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 2:1 . When the two elements are
joined , the atoms lose their individual properties and have different properties from the elements by which
they are made. Water remains liquid in room temperature whereas Hydrogen and oxygen are gases which
when combine changes the state due to the chemical reaction .
Question 9.
How is aquatic life benefited by the fact that water has maximum density at 4 oC?
Solution:
The property of anomalous expansion of water enables aquatic life to exist because of the
water freezes on top of the surface of the water body, but it is still liquid below the ice layer.
Question 10
What are the observations and conclusions when tap water is boiled and evaporated?
Solution
When tap water is boiled and evaporated:
Observations:
• A number of concentric rings of solid matter are seen on the watch glass after evaporation of tap
water.
Conclusion:
• Tap water contains dissolved salts, minerals and impurities.
Question 11
What is the importance of dissolved salts in water?
Solution
Importance of dissolved salts in water:
Dissolved salts provide specific taste to water.
Dissolved salts act as micronutrients for the growth and development of living beings.
Question 12
State the importance of the solubility of CO2 and O2 in water.
Solution
They add taste to water for drinking purposes.
Question 13
How is air dissolved in water different from ordinary air?
Solution
Oxygen is more soluble in water than nitrogen. Air dissolved in water contains a higher percentage of
oxygen (30-35%). Oxygen is only 21% in ordinary air. In this way, air dissolved in water is different
from ordinary air.
Question 14.
Identity A, B , C and D ; first one is done for you.
Solution:
(i) When solid changes with liquid, it absorbs heat equal to latent heat of fusion and when a liquid
changes into solid, it loses heat equal to latent heat of solidification.
(ii) When a liquid changes into gas, it absorbs heat equal to latent heat of vaporization and when a gas
condenses into liquid, it loses heat equal to latent heat of condensation.
Question [Link] why:
(a) Boiled or distilled water tastes flat.
(b) Ice at zero degrees centigrade has greater cooling effect than water at 0oC.
(c) Burns caused by steam are more severe than burns caused by boiling water.
(d) Rivers and lakes do not freeze easily?
(e) Air dissolved in water contains a higher proportion of oxygen.
(f) If distilled water is kept in a sealed bottle for a long time, it leaves etchings on the surface of the
glass.
Rain water does not leave behind concentric rings when boiled.
Solution:
(a) Boiled water tastes flat because boiled water does not contain matter like air, carbon dioxide and
other minerals, So the boiled water tastes flat.
(b) Ice at zero degree centigrade gives more cooling effect than water at 0°C because, ice at 0°C
absorbs 336J per gram of energy to melt to 0°C water and hence gives more cooling effect.
(c) Burn caused by steam is more severe than burn caused by boiling water because, 1 g of steam
contains 2268J more energy than 1 g of boiling water and hence, cause more severe burns.
(d) Due to the high specific latent heat of solidification of water, rivers and lakes do not freeze easily.
(e) Air dissolved in water contains a higher percentage of oxygen because, solubility of oxygen in
water is more than in air. So, air dissolved in water contains a higher percentage of oxygen.
(f) If distilled water is kept in a sealed bottle for a long time, it leaves etching on the surface of glass
because, the substances which are insoluble in water, actually dissolve in minute traces in water. Even
when we drink water from a glass, an extremely small amount of glass dissolves in water, so we see
the etching on the surface of glass when a long time sealed bottle of distilled water poured into the
glass.
(g) Rain water does not leave concentric rings when boiled because rain water does not contain
dissolved solid, so it does not form concentric rings.
