GENERAL PHYSICS MODULE 6 1

Title: General Physics 1 (Module 6)

Topic: Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle
Format: Audio Resources for Asynchronous Learning
Length: 25 minutes
Scriptwriter: Alvin P. Cajiles
Objective: After listening to the radio program, listeners (students) will be able to
apply the concept of buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle.

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3 Good afternoon STEM students of Narra National High School. What a

wonderful Friday! It is another great day for us to learn.

4 I am Sir ALVIN CAJILES. Join me for the next thirty minutes as we learn

another lesson in physics that you need to know while you are at the comfort

of your home.

5 Welcome to our program NARRA NHS RADYO ESKWELA 101.8, RADYO

MO EDUKASYON KO.

6 In this time of pandemic, Narra NHS would like to make sure that your

learning will continue.

7 On behalf of NNHS, I would like to say humongous thank you to all our parents

and stakeholders in helping the school to realize its mission in educating our

students.

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9 All right let’s keep the ball rolling, and continue learning. Shall we go for it?

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11 Before we start, make sure that you are in a conducive place, while listening

to our program, and, you have done doing your prior works for you to be

comfortable sitting there and understanding the lesson that I have prepared

for you.

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BUOYANCY AND ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

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13 Are you ready Grade 12 STEM students? (PAUSE)

14 I am pretty sure they you are always ready.

15 Our lesson for today is buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle.

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17 What should we expect today from this lesson on air? Well, after listening, you

will be able to apply the concept of buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle.

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19 Brace yourselves as I will discuss to you the lesson for today in a short while.

Stay tuned and listen attentively. Please have your module 6 ready along with

the handout on Fluid Mechanics.

20 It is also helpful if you have pen or pencil and paper.

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22 Shall we start with the lesson?

23 On your module 6, page 5, you are given the basic definition of buoyant force

and that is the force exerted by a fluid.

24 The handout provided to you, along with the module, also stated the definition

of buoyant force and some examples.

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26 Question for you my dear listeners: Since buoyant force is a force, can we

quantify it?

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28 Similar to the forces we have discussed in quarter one, buoyant force has its

own corresponding mathematical definition. On your handout, buoyant force

is defined mathematically as: 𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝜌𝑔𝑉𝑓

where 𝜌 is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity and Vf

is the volume of the displaced fluid.

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BUOYANCY AND ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

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30 Let us play with the given mathematical definition of buoyant force 𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 =
𝜌𝑔𝑉𝑓 .

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32 Can you try rearranging the right-hand side of the equation? What did you

get?

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34 You will have either of these three formulas for buoyant force:

𝜌𝑔𝑉𝑓

𝑔𝑉𝑓 𝜌

𝜌𝑉𝑓 𝑔

35 Or you can still have other formulas by further switching the placement of

variables. Now, among all those formulas that you were able to get, is there a

particular formula that you have noticed that has something similar?

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37 Well, if you were carefully examining the formulas, you may have noticed this

one: 𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝜌𝑉𝑓 𝑔. From this formula, the combined first two variables 𝜌𝑉𝑓

would actually be the mass of the displaced. Why is that?

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39 Remember that density 𝜌 is equal to mass over volume (m/V). And if we

𝑚
rearrange 𝜌 = to find for the mass m, we will have 𝑚 = 𝜌𝑉.
𝑉

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41 With all these, our formula for buoyang force now becomes 𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑚𝑓 𝑔 =

𝑤𝑓 , where mf is the mass of the displaced fluid and wf is the weight of the

displaced fluid. If this equation will be expressed in words, it is called the

Archimedes’ principle which states that: When a body is completely or partially

immersed in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward force on the body equal to the

weight of the fluid displaced by the body.

BUOYANCY AND ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

 GENERAL PHYSICS MODULE 6 4

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43 Now that we have the formula for buoyant force, it is time for us to apply it to

a word problem. Do not worry because I will walk you through in solving the

word problem.

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45 Please browse through your module on page 8 and let us try to dissect the

problem where buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle is applied. Read with me

the problem: A spherical balloon is held below the surface of a swimming pool

by a cable tied to the bottom of the pool. The sphere has a volume of 1.50 x

10-2 m3 and the tension in the cable is 90.0 N. (Read again the problem.) Our

tasks: (A) What is the buoyant force exerted by the water on the sphere?; (B)

Calculate the mass of the balloon. (Note this includes the enclosed air. Density

of water is 1000 kg/m3.); (C) A swimmer breaks the cable and the balloon rises

to the surface. What fraction of its volume will be submerged when the balloon

comes to rest?

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47 Will you solve the problem right away? Of course not. As I always taught you,

we begin analyzing the problem by reading it carefully. Then, we write down

the given which are: volume of the sphere (or the balloon): 1.50 x 10-2 m3;

tension of 90.0 N; and density of water = 1000 kg/m3.

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49 Let us know answer letter A. What is the buoyant force exerted by the water

of the sphere? Straightforward, we will use the formula 𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝜌𝑓 𝑉𝑔.

Simply, buoyant force is density of water multiplied by its volume of the

balloon and the acceleration due to gravity. So, Fbuoyant = (1000 kg/m3)(1.50 x

10-2 m3)(9.81 m/s2) = 147 N.

BUOYANCY AND ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

 GENERAL PHYSICS MODULE 6 5

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51 Why is it that the end unit is in newtons? Buoyant force is a force and the

standard unit for force is newton. If you will go back to our solution, you

should haved noticed that m3 were cancelled leaving the units remaining as

kg.m/s2 which is equivalent to newton.

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53 Alright, shall we move to task B? We are asked to find the mass of the balloon.

Here, we will use our learning from first quarter specially the 1st Law of Motion

of Newton. By analyzing the problem, we note that the balloon is motionless,

thus the net force is zero. This net force can be expressed as 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 −

𝑤 − 𝑇 = 0. w = mg is the weight of the balloon and T is the tension exerted by

the cable to the balloon.

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55 Now, how do we solve for the mass of the balloon? We derive the formula from

what we have established net force 𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 − 𝑤 − 𝑇 = 0. This will become

𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 − 𝑚𝑔 − 𝑇 = 0. Let us keep mg as positive, thus we move it to the right

of the equation, so we will have 𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 − 𝑇 = 𝑚𝑔. Then, we transpose g to the

𝐹𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 −𝑇
other side of the equation to have: = 𝑚. You can switch both sides of
𝑔

the equation without changing the sign and this will result to

𝑭𝒃𝒖𝒐𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒕 − 𝑻
𝒎=
𝒈

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57 All we need to do now is to plug into the equation the given values:

147 𝑁 − 90𝑁
𝑚= = 5.81 𝑘𝑔.
9.81 𝑚/𝑠2

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BUOYANCY AND ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

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57 Finally, our last task. Remember that the buoyant force is equal to the weight

of the displaced fluid 𝐹𝐵 = 𝑤𝑓 = 𝜌𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝑔. The volume of the displaced fluid is

equal to the volume of the submerged part of the balloon Vf = Vsub. Since the

balloon is in equilibrium (at rest), Newton’s First Law indicates that the

buoyant force is equal to the weight of the balloon FB = mg, where m is the

mass of the balloon. We can relate these two equations for the buoyant force

𝐹𝐵 = 𝜌𝑓 𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔.

𝜌𝑓 𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔

𝑚 5.81 𝑘𝑔
𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑏 = = = 5.81 𝑥 10−3 𝑚3
𝜌𝑓 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

This means that approximately 40% of the balloon’s volume is submerged in

water.

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59 As part of your performance task for this topic and module 6, answer the

problems found on Additional Activities. Read and analyze the problems

carefully. Be guided by the rubric, that was provided to you, in writing your

answer the problems. The rubric can also be found in the files sent in our

group chat on Messenger. If possible, collaborate with your other classmates

in solving the problems. Remember this, two heads or more are always better

than one.

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61 For your further learning, I suggest visit the weblinks on buoyancy and

Archimedes’ Principle. These links are indicated in your handout.

(1) https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/buoyant-force-

and-archimedes-principle/a/buoyant-force-and-archimedes-principle-article

(2) https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/buoyant-force-

and-archimedes-principle/v/fluids-part-6

BUOYANCY AND ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

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(3) https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/fluids/buoyant-force-

and-archimedes-principle/v/fluids-part-5

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63 Should you have further questions or clarifications, you can send me a private

message or ping me on our group chat. Furthermore, if you still have doubts

with your learning of the concept, let me know and I would be very glad to do

home visitation and provide personal assistance to you.

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65 I am Sir Alvin Cajiles leaving this famous quote of David R. Hawkins on

buoyancy: In this interconnected universe, every improvement we make in our

private world improves the world at large for everyone. We all float on the

collective level of consciousness of mankind, so that any increment we add

comes back to us. We all add to our common buoyancy by our efforts to benefit

life. It is a scientific fact that what is good for you is good for me.

66 Thank you for listening and enjoy the rest of the day. Happy weekend!

BUOYANCY AND ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE