End Term – 2017
Q1.
a) Describe the various applications of NLP.
b) Explain the characteristics of a Good Language.
c) Define Morphology.
d) Differentiate between Machine Translation and Machine Transliteration.
e) Define Grammar and various classifications of grammar.
Q2. Describe following with suitable examples.
a) Reference Resolution
b) Elements of Language.
Q3. Explain the following terms used in NLP
a) Pragmatic
b) Semantic
c) Discourse
Q4. Explain the following:
a) Componential theory of meaning.
b) Truth conditional theory of meaning.
Q5. Discuss the main problems of Machine translation and what could be the possible solution of those
problems. Your answer should contain at least 4 problems with their solutions.
Q6. Explain LPG and its formation rules.
Q7. Between the words eat and find which would you expect to be more effective in selection-
restriction based sense disambiguation and why?
Q8. Write short notes on any two of the following:
a) Tree Adjoining Grammar
b) Structure of Anusaraka System
c) Language Analyzer and its role in NLP
End Term - 2018
Q1. Answer the following in brief (Any Five):
a) Define semantic of a natural language utterance. How this differs from the pragmatics?
b) Write down two desirable properties for a formal language to be used for representing
natural language meaning.
c) Differentiate between top down and bottom up parsing and give one example of each
method.
d) Briefly explain the morphology operations: compounding, derivation and inflection. Use the
word ‘snow’ and give an example each of the result of applying the three morphology
operations.
e) Define Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon and Syntax. What is parent annotation
and what problem does it address?
f) What is ambiguity? Define the kind of ambiguity present in the following sentences:
Mary told Susan to finish her dinner
Flying drones can be dangerous
Every picture tells a story
The artist painted a picture on his back
g) Write down one path that could be taken through the following Hidden Markov model that
produces the output “C1 C2 C3 C4 C5” and the probability of this path being taken.
State S1 Probability State S2 Probability State S3 Probability
Output Output Output
C1 0.5 C2 0.8 C4 0.5
C2 0.3 C3 0.1 C5 0.5
C3 0.2 C4 0.1
Q2.
a) Give an example of a sentence where knowledge of the syntactic structure is needed (rather
than just knowledge of words) in order to determine what is meant. How syntactic
information helps in this case?
b) With the help of neat organization diagram, explain the natural language understanding
system and its functioning.
Q3.
a) Describe top down parsing. Explain the basic concepts of parsing. What are the various
problem which can occur while parsing the sentence, “The man saw the woman on the hill
with the telescope”?
b) Distinguish between depth first parsing and breadth first parsing.
Q4.
a) What is augmented grammar? Discuss its significance in natural language processing.
b) Draw and explain shift reduce parsing in natural language parsing.
Q5.
a) For the following English sentence give a first order logic (FoL) formula that expresses the
formal semantics.
“Radha owns a parrot that is larger than a cat”.
b) Differentiate between following three main techniques of machine translation using suitable
example:
a. Recurrent neural network-based translation
b. Phrase based translation
c. Word based translation
Q6.
a) Differentiate between homonymy and polysemy using suitable example. With the help of a
Dependency Tree explain the concept of Dependency Parsing.
b) What is parse tree? How it helps in understanding the given sentence. For the following
given sentence how many parse trees can be made? Draw each parse tree.
“Ramesh drove to Agra and Delhi in November”
Q7.
a) Distinguish between Probabilistic Context Free Grammar (PCFG), Context Free Grammar
(CFG) and Context Sensitive Grammar (CSG) using suitable example. Define the probability
of a parse tree.
b) What are the various problems associated with Machine Translation?
Q8. Write short on the following:
a) Compare Back tracking versus Non-Back tracking parsing and explain predictive parser.
b) What is Tree Adjoining Grammar.
c) Explain well formedness condition.
d) Differentiate between semantic, pragmatics and discourse.
End Term – 2019
Q1. Attempt any five questions:
a) What is Natural Language Processing? Explain its importance in Artificial Intelligence.
b) Explain Stemming and Stop Words Removal methods.
c) Explain two edit distance method for spelling error detection and correction with an example.
d) Explain how ambiguity is a bottleneck in NLP applications.
e) What are the current challenges in NLP and how these can be taken care of?
f) State importance of semantics in NLP.
g) What is the difference natural language processing and natural language understanding?
Q2.
a) Explain various steps for NLP in detail.
b) Explain Word Net and Word Sense disambiguation.
Q3.
a) What is machine translation? Explain its importance in Machine Automation.
b) Explain phases of machine translation.
Q4.
a) Explain the issues involved in Hindi to English Machine Translation.
b) What is sentimental analysis and how it is influential in e-commerce.
Q5.
a) Explain Pragmatic and Discourse Analysis with example.
b) Explain edit distance method for spelling error detection and correction.
Q6. Write short note on:
a) CFG and Indian Languages
b) Tree adjoining grammar
c) Statistical methods for NLP
Q7.
a) What is part of speech (POS) tagging? Also explain the explain the applications of POS
tagging.
b) N-grams are defined as the combination of N keywords together. How many bi-grams can
be generated from given sentence:
“Ambedkar Institute is a Delhi Government Institute Affiliated to GGSIP University”
Q8.
a) Differentiate between context free language and context sensitive language.
b) Differentiate between top down and bottom up parsing using suitable example.
c) What is Phonetics? How they are different from Lexicon?
d) When is a sentence said to be ambiguous? Give example. Explain various types of ambiguity.
