WHAT IS A
HAZARDOUS AREA?
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Delvalle, wide experience in
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hazardous area
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We offer over 45 years providing We are committed to working closely with our
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to demanding customers who require and offering an advanced and extensive range
very specific characteristics and behaviour of hazardous area products with very
according to the sector and their needs. competitive prices.
CONSULTING HIGH STANDARD
& ENGINEERING OF QUALITY AND SERVICES
Atex Delvalle adapts to our clients’ needs by offering We only use materials provided by companies who
hazardous-area systems. offer the very highest quality, suitable and certified
Certified Junction Box Assembly. products. Our success is due to top quality
Atex-delvalle are the leading certified assembler of assurance:
Ex junction boxes. With an extensive stock holding of ISO 9001, SGS, UL, TÜV, ISO 14000, Ohsas 18001,
stainless steel enclosures, our workshops are able to ATEX, IECEx.
provide unrivalled competence, expertise, quality and
service to customer specifications.
Our customized services, experienced design and
drafting 3D support.
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WHAT IS HAZARDOUS AREA?
An explosive atmosphere is a mixture composed of air and combustible gases, vapours, mist or
dust under atmospheric conditions, which once ignited, allows the combustion process to spread
and include the entire mixture.
EXPLOSION
An explosion is a oxidation or decomposition
reaction in conjunction with a sudden rise in
temperature, pressure or both simultaneously.
oxygen
Heat
Fuel
This generates a sudden expansion of the gas
volume and the release of large quantities
of energy in a small space.
The simultaneous existence of three factors is the
chain reaction prerequisite for an explosion to occur:
• Combustible material
• Oxygen
explosive atmosphere • Ingnition source
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR AREAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO GAS EXPLOSIONS
EN IEC
General requirements EN 60079-0 IEC 60079-0
Flameproof enclosure (d) EN 60079-1 IEC 60079-1
Pressure-proof enclosure (p) EN 60079-2 IEC 60079-2
Sand casing (q) EN 60079-5 IEC 60079-5
Oil casing (o) EN 60079-6 IEC 60079-6
Increased safety (e) EN 60079-7 IEC 60079-7
Intrinsic safety (i) EN 60079-11 IEC 60079-11
Type of protection (n) EN 60079-15 IEC 60079-15
Moulded encapsulation (m) EN 60079-18 IEC 60079-18
Intrinsically safe systems EN 60079-25 IEC 60079-25
Electrical equipment for zone 0 EN 60079-26 IEC 60079-26
Intrinsically safe fieldbus systems EN 60079-27 IEC 60079-27
Optical radiation (op) EN 60079-28 IEC 60079-28
Dust explosion (Ex ta, tb, tc) EN 60079-31 IEC 60079-31
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR AREAS SUBJECT TO COMBUSTIBLE DUST
EN IEC
Protection by the enclosures (t) EN 60079-31 EN 60079-31
Pressure-proof enclousures (pD) EN 61241-4 EN 61241-4
Intrinsic safety (iD) EN 61241-11 EN 61241-11
Moulded encapsulation (mD) EN 60079-18 EN 60079-18
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ZONA CLASSIFICATION
Explosion endangered atmospheres are subdivided into zones reflecting the probability of their occurrence. In
accordance with the Ex regulations, the zones are defineed as follows:
GASES AND VAPOURS (IEC 60079-10-1):
ZONE 0 ZONE 1
Area subject to permanent, long period or Area in which a dangerous explosive gas atmosphere can
frequent presence of a dangerous explosive gas be occasionally expected during regular operation. This
atmosphere. Typically, these conditions are found includes the close vicinity to zone 0 as well as close areas
inside containers, pipework, apparatus and tanks. around filling and discharging devices.
GAS Zone 2
ZONE 2
Area not susceptible to a dangerous explosive gas
atmosphere during regular operation. It’s
Zone 1
occurrence, if an all, is only short-period. Zone 0
Zone 2 includes storage rooms exclusively used for Zone 1
storage, areas around disconnectable connection of
pipework and, typically, the closer area around zone 1. Zone 0
II AREAS SUBJECT TO COMBUSTIBLE DUST (IEC 60079-10-2)
ZONE 20
Zone 21 Zone 22
Area subject to constant, long-period or frequent
explosive atmosphere consisting of dust/air
mixtures.
Zone 20
ZONE 21
Area in which an explosive atmosphere consisting of a
dust/air mixture can be occasionally expected.
Zone 21
ZONE 22
Area not susceptible to an explosive atmosphere
caused by swirled up dust. It´s ocurrence, if at all,
will in all probability be infrequent and short-period.
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TYPES OF PROTECTION IN GAS ATMOSPHERE
Ex e TYPE OF PROTECTION “INCREASED SAFETY” Ex i TYPE OF PROTECTION “INTRINSIC SAFETY”
Type of protection providing measures to prevent the Type of protection allowed by keeping the energy
possibility of undue highte peratures developing and the in the current circuit sufficiently low to exclude
occurrence of sparks or arcs inside or on outer part of the generation of ignitable sparks, arcs or
electrical equipment, which will not occur during regular temperatures.
operation, by an increased level of safety. Applications: terminal boxes, sensors, limit
Applications: terminal boxes, junction boxes for switches, interface modules, assembly groups in measuring
components of other types of protection, such as motors, and control technology.
valves, lamps. Subdivision into 3 categories –ia, -ib and –ic.
Frequently in combination with other types of protection, The meaning of the different letters a, b or c is that they
e-g- connection room of a flameproof enclosure of reflect the number of technical safety related countable
controls and devices. errors until the intrinsic safety expires and the use in the
Advantage of the type of protection: simple individual zone.
connection by means of Ex-e approved cable glands. • ia (zones 0, 1 and 2): intrinsic safety is still guaranteed if
two independent errors occur.
• ib (zones 1and 2): intrinsic safety is still guaranteed if one
error occurs.
• ic (zone 2): Under unfavourable conditions, such as
the effect of heat and the <103 probability of an
uninterrupted operation and the presence of non-
countable errors, intrinsically safe current circuits may
not generate an ignition of the explosive environents:
typically, standard assembly groups are used which are
usually identified by the colour blue (example: cable
glands, terminals).
TYPE OF PROTECTION “FLAMEPROOF
Ex m ENCLOSURE”
Type of protection safeguarding electrical equipment
by encapsulation in a moulding compound to prevent
the explosive atmosphere coming into contact with the
potential ignition source.
Applications: relay modules, command devices, sensors,
display units, valves, fusing elements
Subdivision into 3 categories Ex ma, Ex mb and Ex mc.
The meaning of the different letters a, b or c is that they
reflect the number of technical safety related countable
errors until the intrinsic safety expires and the use in the
individual zone.
• ma: Can be used in zones 0, 1 y 2. Ex o TYPE OF PROTECTION “OIL INMERSION”
• mb: Can be used in zones 1 y 2.
• mc: Can be used in zone 2. Type of protection safeguarding electrical
equipment by immersion in oil to prevent contact
between the explosve atmosphere with the
potential ignition source.
Applications: switching devices for the chemical
industry, transformers.
Hazardous Atmosphere
oil
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TYPE OF PROTECTION “FLAMEPROOF
Ex d ENCLOSURE” Ex n TYPE OF PROTECTION
Type of protection, accommodating components This type of protection only applies to electrical
susceptible to igniting an explosive atmosphere in an equipment of the 3G category, the intent being that
enclosure resisting the pressure generated during regular operation and certain abnormal
inside by the explosion of a gas mixture. The conditions, the potential of this equipment igniting
ignition energy is cooled through the gap and a surrounding explosive atmosphere is eliminated.
discharged. This type of protection aims at finding an
Applications: Motors, switching devices with N/O and economical compromise between the “normal” industrial
N/C contacts, command devices, fusing standard and the high technical safety
elements, transformers, lamps. requirements of the types of protection for
Special feature: equipment of the 2G category. The following
Flameproof enclosed elements are frequently combined types of protection of the n category exist
with connection boxes of the“increased safety” type of or the zone 2 area:
protection, sparing the installer the necessity to open the • Hermetically saeled “nC”.
flameproof enclosed enclosure. The connection area is • Sealed “nC”.
subject to Ex E and can be provided with • Encapsulated “nC”.
standard conductor lead-ins Ex e. • Enclosed “nC”.
• Non spark “nA”.
• Not ignitable “nC”.
Equipment encompassing a combination of
different types of protection are also possible. Affix this
information on the type plate when identifying
the equipment.
Identification Ex edm.
Control station with Ex e approved enclosure,
Ex d approved switches and Ex em certified
indicator lights.
TYPE OF PROTECTION “PRESSURIZED
Ex p ENCLOSURES”
Type of protection preventing the ingress of explosive
atmosphere into an enclosure by creating a permanent
overpressure (> 0.5 mbar). Applications: switch cabinets,
control systems, larger measuring devices, current and Hermetically sealed “nC” Sealed “nC”
voltage converter modules.
Encapsulated “nC” Enclosed “nC”
Non spark “nA“ Not ignitable “nC”
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TYPES OF PROTECTION IN COMBUSTIBLE DUST ATMOSPHERE
TYPE OF PROTECTION “PROTECTION BY TYPE OF PROTECTION “PRESSURE PROOF
Ex t ENCLOSURES” Ex pD ENCLOSURE”
The t type protection prevents the ingress of combustible The Ex pD type of protection is used to prevent the
dust into the casing. The casing must provide a minimum ingress of explosive atmosphere into an enclosure by
protection of IP 6x. The surface temperature of the creating a permanent overpressure.
casing is limited.
TYPE OF PROTECTION “MOLDED
Ex m ENCAPSULATION”
Ex i TYPE OF PROTECTION “INTRINSIC SAFETY”
The Ex m type of protection is used to safeguard
electrical equipment using an encapsulating
With the Ex I type of protection, the energy in the mouldingcompound to prevent the explosive atmosphere
current circuit is kept sufficiently low to prevent ignitable from coming into contact with the
sparks, arcs or temperatures from being generated. potential ignition source.
Applications: Interface modules, measuring and control Applications: Relay modules, command devices, sensors,
technology modules. display units, fusing elements.
ATEX IDENTIFICATION
Our empty cabinets have the following identification label inside the door.
Label explained
Explosion protected
Equipment protection Level
EPL (Ga, Gb, Gc, Da, Db, Dc)
II 3 G Ex nA IIC T4 Gc
II 3 G Ex nA IIC T4 Gc
Gas group
Atmosphere (IIA, 11B, 11C)
(G=gas, D=Dust) or dust group
Equipment category (IIIA, IIIB, IIIC)
(1,2,3) Protection type
Equipament group (I, II)
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FLAMEPROOF EX LIGHTING FIXTURE PRESSURIZED
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