Discrete Mathematics AAQS007-4-1 Set, Relation & Function
1. For each of the following expression from set theory, draw a Venn diagram and shade
the area described.
(a) A B (b) A B’ (c) A’ B’
(d) A (B \ C)
’
(e) A (B C) (f) A B’, given that B A
2. Given the following universal set U and its two subsets P and Q,
U = {x: x is an integer, 0 x 10}
P = {x: x is prime number}
Q = {x: x2 < 60}
(a) Draw a Venn diagram for the above sets.
(b) List the element in P’ Q.
(c) Find n(P’)
3. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = {0, 3, 6}. Find
(a) A B
(b) A B
(c) A B
(d) B A
4. If U = {1, 2, 3, …, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and C = {7, 8, 9}.
Find
(a) A B
(b) A C
(c) B
(d) C
(e) B A
(f) A C
(g) U A
(h) A C B
(i) A B
(j) A B B C
5. A survey of 100 people is conducted to determine how many students excel in the
following subjects: Math (M), Computer (C) and Science (S). Given:
- The number of students who excel in all 3 subjects: 8
- The number of students who excel in both S and M: 23
- The number of students who excel in both C and M: 20
- The number of students who excel in both S and C: 28
- The number of students who excel in S only: 24
- The number of students who excel in M only: x
- The number of students who excel in C only: y
- All the students excel in at least one of the subject.
(a) Represent the above information in a Venn diagram.
(b) Given that the number of students who excel in Math is 8 more than those who
excel in Computer, derive a pair of simultaneous equations in x and y.
(c) Solve those equations.
6. Given that A = {2}, B = {2, 3}, C = {4, 5, 6}. Find
(a) P(B) (b) P(P(A)) (c) B C (d) C B
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Discrete Mathematics AAQS007-4-1 Set, Relation & Function
7. List the ordered pairs in the relation R from A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} to B = {0, 1, 2, 3},
where a, b R if and only if
(a) a = b
(b) a + b = 4
8. Find the domain and range of the relation in question 7(a) & (b).
9. Given set A = {4, 6, 7, 9, 11}. R1 is a relation on A consisting of ordered pairs (a, b)
such that b a 4 . List the elements of R1.
10. R1 and R2 are 2 relations from A = {p, q, r} to B = {1, 2} where R1 = {(p, 1), (q, 2)}
and R2 = {(p, 1), (q, 1), (r, 2)}.
(a) Represent R1 and R2 pictorially.
(b) Find the domain and range for R1.
(c) Is R1 a function? Why?
(d) Is R2 a function? Why?
Let f : Z Z assign the square of an integer to this integer where f x x . Find
2
11.
(a) domain of f
(b) codomain of f
(c) range of f
(d) f 2
(e) image of 3
(f) preimage of 16
Answers:
1. Venn diagrams (will be discussed)
2. (a) Venn diagram (b) {0, 1, 4, 6} (c) 7
3. (a) {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (b) {3} (c) {1, 2, 4, 5} (d) {0, 6}
4. (a) {3, 4, 5} (b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9}
(c) {1, 2, 8, 9, 10} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10}
(e) {6, 7} (f) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (g) {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
(h) {1, 2, 8, 9} (i) {1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
(j) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
5. (a) Venn diagram (b) x + y = 21, x – y = 13 (c) x = 17, y = 4
6.
(a) { , {2}, {3}, {2, 3}}
(b) { , { }, {{2}}, { , {2}}}
(c) {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
(d) {(4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 2), (5, 3), (6, 2), (6, 3)}
7. (a) {(0, 0}, (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)} (b) {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), (4, 0)}
8. For question 7(a), domain = {0, 1, 2, 3}, range = {0, 1, 2, 3}
For question 7(b), domain = {1, 2, 3, 4}, range = {0, 1, 2, 3}
9. R1 = {(4, 9), (4, 11), (6, 11)}
10. (a) Arrow diagram (b) Domain = {p, q}, Range = {1, 2}
(c) R1 is not a function because not all the elements in the domain relate to elements in
the codomain.
R2 is a function because every element of the domain relates to elements in the
codomain & no element in the domain relate to more than 1 element of the
codomain.
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Discrete Mathematics AAQS007-4-1 Set, Relation & Function
11. (a) set of integers or {…, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, …}
(b) set of integers or {…, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, …}
(c) {0, 1, 4, 9, …} (d) 4 (e) 9 (f) – 4, 4
Additional Questions:
1. Let Z as the set of integers, where Z = {…, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, …}.
Given A x : x Z ,7 x 2
B x : x Z , x 2 20
C x : x Z , x is even, 3 x 12
(a) List the elements of sets A, B and C.
(b) List the elements of each of the following sets by using set braces.
(i) BA
(ii) A B C
2. Given two sets as below
E = {0, -1, f}
F = {m, n, o, p, q}
(a) Find the power set of E, P(E).
(b) Find the cardinality of the power set of F, |P(F)|.
(c) Find the cardinality of the Cartesian Product of E and F, |E × F| by using
multiplication principle.
3. Suppose R is the relation from set A to set B consisting the ordered pairs (a, b) such
that a – b is positive even number where
A = {1, 2, 4, 8}
B = {0, 1, 2, 6}
(a) List the elements of R.
(b) Give the pictorial representation of R.
(c) State true of false for the following.
(i) 6 R 8
(ii) 8 R 2
4. Given the universal set as U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g} and other subsets of U as set
A = {c, f} and B = {a, c, d}.
(a) List the elements of the following.
(i) B
(ii) A B
(iii) B A
(b) State true or false for the following.
(i) g B
(ii) {c} A
5. Draw a Venn diagram and shade the area described in each of the following.
(a) Shade the area of (A / B)’ given A B .
(b) Shade the area of E D' C given C E and D E.
Answers of Additional Questions:
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Discrete Mathematics AAQS007-4-1 Set, Relation & Function
1. (a) A = {-7, -6, -5, -4, -3}, B = {-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, C = {4, 6, 8, 10}
(b)(i) {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} (ii) {-4, -3, 4, 6, 8, 10}
2.
(a) P(E) = { , {0}, {-1}, {f}, {0, -1}, {0, f}, {-1, f}, {0, -1, f}}
(b) 32 (c) 15
3. (a) R = {(2, 0), (4, 0), (4, 2), (8, 0), (8, 2), (8, 6)}
(b)
(c)(i) True (ii) True
4. (a)(i) {b, e, f, g} (ii) {a, c, d, f} (iii) {b, e, g}
(b)(i) False (ii) True
5. (a)
A B E
C
D
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