COMMUNITY-BASED
MONITORING SYSTEM (CBMS):
AN OVERVIEW
CELIA M. REYES
CBMS NETWORK LEADER
2017 PEP MEETING, NAIROBI, KENYA
BACKGROUND ON CBMS
The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) is an organized process of
data collection and processing at the local level and of integration of data in
local planning, program implementation and impact-monitoring.
It is system that promotes evidence-based policymaking and program
implementation while empowering communities to participate in the process.
CBMS is a tool designed in 1993 to provide policymakers with a good
information base for tracking the impacts of various economic reforms and
policy shocks on the vulnerable groups in the society
CBMS methodology, instruments and training modules were developed over
the years by the CBMS Network Team with support from the International
Development Research Centre (IDRC)-Canada and UK-Department for
International Development among other partners.
RATIONALE FOR CBMS
Local government code was passed in 1991 in the
Philippines. This law devolves many functions to the
local governments. This increased the demand for
more disaggregated data to support local level planning
and budgeting.
There has been a focus on targeted interventions due
to limited funds. This required information at the
household level to identify eligible beneficiaries.
CBMS was designed in 1993 and pilot-tested in 1995 in
the Philippines.
THE WHO, THE WHERE AND THE WHY OF POVERTY:
SOME ISSUES AND CONCERNS IN THE CASE OF
PHILIPPINES
Official statistics are reliable down to the regional and provincial levels
only (i.e. the sampling design of many of these surveys provide
estimates of the variables only at the provincial level.)
The collection of data is few and far in between, and processing adds a
few more years so that its usefulness for policy and program design
diminishes.
Data comes from different surveys and censuses so that it is not
possible to come up with a comprehensive picture of the different
dimensions of poverty for a particular household at a given point in
time.
And yet, local government units, in decentralized structure of
government, are the front-liners in the fight against poverty and are
mandated to assume the primary responsibility for the provision of
basic services and facilities and the improvement of the quality of life of
their constituents.
Sources of Data in the Philippines
Available Sources of Implementing Frequency of Data Obtained
Data Agency Collection
Family Income and Philippine Statistics Every 3 years Family income and living expenditures and
Expenditures Survey Authority related information affecting income and
(FIES) expenditure levels and patterns in the
Philippines including poverty incidence
Annual Poverty Philippine Statistics Every year wherein Socioeconomic profiles of families and other
Indicator Survey Authority FIES is not information relating to their living conditions but
(APIS) conducted not poverty incidence
National Nutritional FNRI Every 5 years Food situation and nutritional status of the
Survey (NNS) population
Census of Philippine Statistics Every 10 years Size, composition and distribution of population
Population and Authority in the Philippines
Housing (CPH)
Functional Literacy, Philippine Statistics Irregular Number of functionally literate population and
Education and Mass Authority their socioeconomic characteristics
Media Survey
(FLEMMS)
National Philippine Statistics Every 5 years Demographic, maternal and child health issues
Demographic and Authority in the Philippines
Health Survey
(NDHS)
Labor Force Survey Philippine Statistics Every quarter of the Levels and trends of employment,
(LFS) Authority year unemployment and underemployment
Sources of Data in the Philippines
Available Sources of Data Data Obtained Poverty Dimension
Family Income and Family income and living expenditures Income
Expenditures Survey and related information affecting Housing
(FIES) income and expenditure levels and Tenure
patterns in the Philippines including Water
poverty incidence Sanitation
Education
Annual Poverty Indicator Socioeconomic profiles of families and Housing
Survey (APIS) other information relating to their living Tenure
conditions but not poverty incidence Water
Sanitation
Education
National Nutritional Food situation and nutritional status of Nutrition
Survey (NNS) the population
Census of Population Size, composition and distribution of
and Housing (CPH) population in the Philippines
Functional Literacy, Number of functionally literate Education
Education and Mass population and their socioeconomic
Media Survey (FLEMMS) characteristics
National Demographic Demographic, maternal and child Health
and Health Survey health issues in the Philippines Housing
(NDHS) Water
Sanitation
Labor Force Survey (LFS) Levels and trends of employment, Employment/Job
unemployment and underemployment
Resource constraints and distributive objectives increase the
demand for local data that can support targeting schemes
Administrative CBMS can fill
BACKGROUND ON CBMS
Information Availability
Structure
the gap
National
/Regional
National
surveys
Provincial
Municipal/City
CBMS
Village/Barangay
CBMS Responds to:
Lack of necessary disaggregated data for:
Diagnosing extent of poverty at the local level
Determining the causes of poverty
Formulating appropriate policies and program
Identifying eligible beneficiaries
Assessing impact of policies and programs
Need for support mechanisms for the implementation of the
decentralization policy
CBMS facilitates greater transparency and accountability in
local governance
Targeting of Interventions
CBMS can identify who and
where the poor are and what
are their needs
CBMS directs assistance to
those who need it most
KEY FEATURES OF CBMS
Involves a census of all households in a community
Local government unit (LGU)-based while promoting
community participation
Taps existing LGU-personnel/community members as
monitors
Generates a core set of indicators that are being measured
to determine the welfare status of the population. These
indicators capture the multidimensional aspects of poverty
Uses freeware customized for CBMS-data collection,
processing and poverty mapping
Establishes database at each geopolitical level
CBMS Core Indicators
of Poverty
Dimension Indicator
Proportion of children under 5 who died Health poor
Health and Proportion of women who died due to pregnancy
Nutrition related causes
Proportion of children aged 0-5 who are malnourished Nutrition poor
Proportion of households in makeshift housing Housing poor
Housing
Proportion of households who are informal settlers Tenure poor
Proportion of households without access to safe water Water poor
Water and supply
Sanitation Proportion of households without access to sanitary Toilet poor
toilet facilities
CBMS Core Indicators
of Poverty
Dimension Indicator
Proportion of children 6-11 years old who are not
attending elementary school
Proportion of children 12-15 years old who are not Education
Education
attending secondary school poor
Proportion of children 6-15 years old who are not
attending school
Proportion of households with income below the poverty
Income poor
Income and threshold
Hunger Proportion of households with income below the food Income poor
threshold (extreme)
Proportion of households who experienced hunger due to
Food poor
food shortage
Proportion of persons in the labor force who are
Employment Job Poor
unemployed
Peace and
Proportion of persons who are victims of crime Security Poor
Order
CBMS Instruments:
Data Collection
CBMS Household Profile Questionnaire
(CBMS HPQ)
12 page-form
CBMS Barangay Profile Questionnaire
(CBMS BPQ)
6 page-form
Data Collected through the
CBMS-BPQ
physical and demographic characteristics of the village
(barangay)
demographic reference
service institutions and infrastructure
disaster risk reduction and preparedness
peace and order
programs, projects and activities
budget, revenue and expenditure
Data Collected through the
CBMS-HPQ
household/member characteristics
education
political and community participation
health and nutrition
income, employment and livelihood
housing and tenure, water sources and sanitation
migration
impacts of climate change
access to programs
CBMS Accelerated Poverty
Profiling (CBMS APP)
Developed by the CBMS Network Team, the CBMS APP
is an organized, systematic and efficient process of use
of latest information and communication technology
tools e.g. tablets , and the standard CBMS instruments
for data collection (CBMS SCAN), processing (CBMS
STATSIM), poverty mapping (QGIS) and data
management tools.
Data is transmitted and managed and accessed through
the CBMS Portal.
Latest innovations are online processing for core
indicators of poverty and SDGs and generation of
infographics.
CBMS APP
Data collection with encoding and
GPS reading: CBMS Scan and
Portal CBMS
StatSimPro
Data Processing: CBMS
StatSimPro and online
processing CBMS QGIS
Scan and
Poverty Mapping: Quantum GIS Portal
(QGIS)
These 3 software are provided to LGU
partners implementing CBMS for FREE
CBMS APP
As of June 2016, the CBMS PORTAL has
Data for 12 countries
Data for more than 3M households CBMS
StatSimPro
14,209 registered devices
15,273 registered users CBMS QGIS
320 local government units Scan and
Portal
These 3 softwares are provided to LGU
partners implementing CBMS for FREE
CBMS APP: Data Collection
Using CBMS SCAN
CBMS SCAN
uses Android
mobile devices
in collecting
household
census data
CBMS APP: Managing the Data in
the CBMS PORTAL
Data is transmitted and managed and accessed
through the CBMS PORTAL.
CBMS APP: Data Processing
Using CBMS StatSim Pro
The CBMS StatSimPro
was built to output
automatically-generated
reports for the 13+1
core indicators and
basic tabulation, listing
and querying of the
CBMS database
CBMS APP: Data Processing
Using CBMS StatSim Pro
List of malnourished children in an LGU with age and sex
Aside from
automatically-
generated
tables, lists
through simple
querying is Confidential info
produced using
the CBMS
StatSim Pro
CBMS APP: Poverty Mapping
Using QGIS
Adoption of
QGIS, a user-
friendly open
source GIS
software which
runs on Linux,
Unix, Mac OSX
and Windows.
CBMS APP:
INFOGRAPHICS
The CBMS
Infographics are
visual images used to
show the core indicators
derived from the CBMS
data. These includes
health, housing, water
and sanitation, school
and employment, and
income indicators.
CBMS APP: INTERACTIVE
INFOGRAPHICS
A more interactive version
is in the works, where data
will be presented in
infographics. This would
be accessible from:
cbms.dlsu.edu.ph/infograph/
USES OF CBMS
Poverty mapping
Local level planning and budgeting
Identification of beneficiaries for targeted interventions
Disaster risk reduction and management
Impact monitoring
Monitoring the SDGs
Others - climate change vulnerability
USING CBMS FOR POVERTY
MAPPING
PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO HAVE
EXPERIENCED FOOD SHORTAGE BY MUNICIPALITY,
AGUSAN DEL SUR, 2005
Agusan del Sur: 13.9
Sibagat
14.2
Bayugan
14.1
Prosperidad
Esperanza 9.3
24.8
San Luis
6.6 San Francisco
Talacogon 7.2
6.8
Rosario
La Paz 9.9
21.4 Bunawan
12.3
Trento
Loreto Veruela 7.0
17.9 39.8 Sta. Josefa
11.1
PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO HAVE
EXPERIENCED FOOD SHORTAGE BY BARANGAY, AGUSAN
DEL SUR, 2005
Agusan del Sur: 13.9
Sibagat
14.2
Bayugan
14.1
Prosperidad
Esperanza
9.3
24.8
San Luis San Francisco
6.6 7.2
Talacogon Rosario
6.8 9.9
La Paz
21.4
Bunawan
12.3
Loreto Veruela
Trento
17.9 39.8 Sta. Josefa
7.0
11.1
PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO HAVE
EXPERIENCED FOOD SHORTAGE BY BARANGAY,
MUNICIPALITY OF ESPERANZA, AGUSAN DEL SUR, 2005
Agusan del Sur: 13.9
Esperanza: 24.8
Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte
Bayugan
Esperanza
San Luis
PROPORTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO HAVE
EXPERIENCED FOOD SHORTAGE BY SUB-VILLAGE
AND HOUSEHOLD LOCATION, MUNICIPALITY OF
ESPERANZA, AGUSAN DEL SUR, 2005
Agusan del Sur: 13.9
Esperanza: 24.8
LOCAL LEVEL PLANNING AND
BUDGETING
PROPORTION OF POPULATION WITH SAFELY
MANAGED DRINKING WATER SERVICES IN PANABO
CITY, BY BARANGAY, 2009 AND 2016
2009 2016
SOURCE: CBMS CENSUS
IDENTIFICATION OF ELIGIBLE
BENEFICIARIES
CHILD LABOR
Philippine government has committed to withdraw
630,000 children from child labor by 2022
Government agencies will provide a package of
interventions to enable these families to stop the
children from engaging in child labor and keeping them
in school
List of child laborers were generated from CBMS data
in selected cities and municipalities
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT
CBMS for Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management
Disaster prevention and mitigation
Disaster preparedness
Response and early recovery
Recovery and rehabilitation
CBMS data can identify households and individuals who are
at risk to disasters and also provide inputs to manage
evacuation-related activities.
*from National Disaster Risk Reduction Framework
Storm Surge (Advisory 4) with Location of Households
covered by the CBMS Census, Tubigon, Bohol, 2014-2015
With members aged
0-14 and 65 and
above
Without members
aged 0-14 and 65
and above
Elementary school
Secondary school
Source of Flood Map: Project NOAH. http://noah.dost.gov.ph/#/section/stormsurge/ssadvisory
Source of household location: CBMS Accelerated Poverty Profiling Census, Tubigon, Bohol, 2014-2015
IMPACT MONITORING
IMPACT MONITORING USING CBMS
Before After
CBMS and
the SDGs
SDG Indicators that can
Goal
be generated using CBMS
1 6
2 1
3 4
4 5
5 1
6 2
7 1
32 SDG indicators can be 8 3
10 1
generated using the 11 3
CBMS data 13 1
16 4
17 1
Total 32
Coverage of CBMS Implementation by Country
as of May 31 , 2017
29 countries have
implemented
CBMS
CBMS PARTNERS
Implemented CBMS Implemented CBMS under PAGE I
Benin Argentina South Africa
Cambodia Bangladesh Togo
Ghana Bolivia United Republic of Tanzania
Lao People's Democratic Republic Ethiopia Uganda
Nigeria Haiti Burkina Faso
Peru Kenya
Viet Nam Niger
Zambia Pakistan
Indonesia Philippines
Senegal
Sri Lanka
Nepal
THANK YOU!
CBMS NETWORK OFFICE
10TH FLOOR ANGELO KING INTERNATIONAL CENTER,
ARELLANO COR. ESTRADA AVE., MALATE, MANILA, PHILIPPINES
