Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 5
1. By indenting the statements, you make them stand out from the surrounding code.
This helps you to identify at a glance the statements that are conditionally
executed by a loop.
2. A pretest loop tests its condition before each iteration. A posttest loop tests its
condition after each iteration. A posttest loop will always execute at least once.
3. Because they are only executed when a condition is true.
4. The while loop is a pretest loop and the do-while loop is a posttest loop.
5. The while loop.
6. The do-while loop.
7. The for loop.
8. A counter variable is used to control or keep track of the number of times a loop
iterates. In a loop, the counter is usually incremented or decremented. If the
counter variable is not properly initialized, it will not hold the correct number.
9. An accumulator is used to keep a running total of numbers. In a loop, a value is
usually added to the current value of the accumulator. If it is not properly
initialized, it will not contain the correct total.
10. Because the for loop has an update expression that normally changes the
contents of a counter. If you have code inside that loop that also changes the
counter, the loop will not be able to properly control the value of the counter.
11. increment, decrement
12. prefix
13. postfix
14. body
15. iteration
16. pretest
17. posttest
18. infinite or endless
19. counter
20. running total
21. accumulator
22. sentinel
23. do-while
24. while and for
25. for
26. initialization, test, update
27. nested
28. break
29. continue
30. int product = 0, num;
while (product < 100)
{
cin >> num;
product = num * 10;
}
31. do
{
double num1, num2;
char again;
cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
cin >> num1 >> num2;
cout << "Their sum is " << (num1 + num2) << endl;
cout << "Do you wish to do this again? (Y/N) ";
cin >> again;
} while (again == 'Y' || again == 'y');
32. for (int x = 0; x <= 1000; x += 10)
cout << x;
33. double total = 0.0, num;
for (int count = 0; count < 10; count++)
{
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> num;
total += num;
}
34. for (int row = 0; row < 10; row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < 15; col++)
cout << ‘#’;
cout << endl;
}
35. int x;
do
{
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> x;
} while (x > 0);
36. char sure = ‘x’;
while (sure != ‘Y’ && sure != ‘N’)
{
cout << “Are you sure you want quit?
cin >> sure;
}
37. for (int count = 0; count < 50; count++)
cout << "count is " << count << endl;
38. int x = 50;
while (x > 0)
{
cout << x << “ seconds to go.\n”;
x--;
}
39. false
40. true
41. false
42. true
43. false
44. false
45. false
46. true
47. false
48. true
49. true
50. false
51. true
52. false
53. false
54. false
55. true
56. The statement result = ++(num1 + num2); is invalid.
57. The while loop tests the variable again before any values are stored in it.
The while loop is missing its opening and closing braces.
58. The while statement should not end with a semicolon.
It could also be argued that bigNum should be defined a long.
count should be initialized to 1.
59. The variable total is not initialized to 0.
The statement that calculates the average performs integer division. It should use
a type cast to cast either total or numCount to a double.
The variable count is incremented in the for loop's update expression and
again within the for loop.
60. The expression tested by the do-while loop should be choice == 1 instead
of choice = 1.
61. The variable total is not initialized to 0.
The while loop does not change the value of count, so it iterates an infinite
number of times.
