Name_________________________________________________________Date_____________________Period_________
Biology: DNA (Ch.8) Review
DNA Basic Information
1. How many nucleotides are shown in the DNA segment pictured?
6
2. Circle an entire nucleotide on the DNA segment.
3. Name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide.
a. Phosphate group
b. sugar
c. Nitrogen base
4. Use the letters P (phosphate) and S (sugar) to label the sugar
and phosphate of the DNA molecule to the right.
5. Which part does the phosphate molecule connect with?
sugar
6. What is the special shape of DNA called?
Double Helix
7. a)Which type of chemical bond joins the DNA nitrogen bases? b)Which type of chemical bond joins the
backbone of the DNA molecule?
a._hydrogen___ b.___covalent____
DNA Replication
8. The diagram below shows DNA replication. T T A
a. In area A, fill in the missing DNA bases from
the given nucleotides. G G C
G G C
b. Name the enzyme that will separate the DNA
strands in area A. T T A
DNA helicase
A A T
c. In area B, perform DNA replication and fill in A A T
the two new strands of DNA.
C C G
d. Name the enzyme that will reconnect the DNA G G C
bases in area B.
DNA polymerase C C G
e. After filling in the correct DNA bases in area B, G G C
are the two strands of DNA identical?
YES NO
9. Put the pictures of DNA replication in order by placing a 1, 2, or 3 on the line above the picture.
10. Describe what is happening on the lines below the picture.
____3____ ______1_______ ______2______
DNA polymerase DNA Helicase splits Free floating DNA
reconnects 2 DNA the DNA molecule nucleotides match to the
strands open DNA chain
DNA and RNA Comparison
11. Complete the following chart by comparing DNA, mRNA, and tRNA. Sample answers have been provided.
DNA mRNA tRNA
Molecule full name
Messenger ribonucleic Transfer ribonucleic
Deoxyribonucleic acid
acid acid
Name of Sugar deoxyribose Ribose ribose
Nitrogen bases present Adenine, thymine, Adenine, Uracil, Adenine, Uracil,
cytosine, guanine Guanine, Cytosine Guanine, Cytosine
Function
Copies the DNA and
Stores genetic Transfers an amino
carries the code to a
information. acid to a ribosome
ribosome
12. For each statement write DNA, mRNA, or tRNA
DNA Holds the original coded DNA Found in the nucleus only
information for making proteins
DNA Can replicate itself (with the help of tRNA Found mostly in the cytoplasm
enzymes)
mRNA Copies DNA’s coded message mRNA Found equally in both the cytoplasm
and nucleus
tRNA Carries amino acids to the ribosome for mRNA Carries coded message to the ribosome
assembly
Transcription
13. Pretend RNA polymerase has already separated the DNA strand below. Perform transcription and fill in
the mRNA bases from the given DNA bases. Remember to replace T with U for RNA.
U U A G G C G A U C
14. Following the rules of transcription, predict which DNA bases would have created the given mRNA bases.
Remember that DNA has different bases than RNA.
A G C A T G G T A A
15. Following the rules of transcription, fill in the missing bases from the strands of DNA and RNA.
C A A T A
U A G C A
16. Examine #15. Is the top strand a segment of DNA or RNA? Explain your answer.
DNA because Thymine (T) is present, not uracil (U)
Transcription and Translation: Use the picture to answer questions 17‐19.
17. Describe what is forming and happening in area A of the diagram (use best writing skills).
Transcription is taking place inside area A. mRNA is combining with the strand of DNA.
18. Describe what is forming and happening in area B of the diagram (use best writing skills).
tRNA are gathering the correct amino acids. Soon they will be delivered to the ribosome in area C.
19. Describe what is being assembled and happening in area C of the diagram (use best writing skills).
In area C, the ribosome is performing the process called translation. One by one, an amino acid is being
delivered to the ribosome by the transfer RNA.
20. Which mRNA codon will start the process of translation? AUG
21. Which amino acid does every protein begin with? Methionine
22. Which mRNA codons will end the process of translation? Stop codons UAA, UAG, or UGA
23. For each statement write either DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, or RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase Reconnects DNA during replication
RNA polymerase Separates DNA during transcription
For #24‐26, remember
DNA helicase Separates DNA during replication that mRNA=CODONS
that code for the
24. From the DNA information given, fill in the missing information. amino acid.
DNA mRNA tRNA Amino acid
T T T AAA UUU LYSINE
25. From the tRNA information given, fill in the missing information.
DNA mRNA tRNA Amino acid
GTT CAA G U U
GLUTAMINE
26. From the amino acid given, fill in the missing information.
DNA mRNA tRNA Amino acid
TAC AUG UAC Methionine
27. Below is a strand of mRNA. Follow the rules 28. Which two amino acids does the following
of translation and fill in the tRNA DNA strand code for?
(anticodons) strand below.
G A C A U G Glycine Asparagine