Database Management System
Introduction of DBMS
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Instructor: Asmatullah Haroon
Bs Software Engineering (IIUI)
Database Technology Application: Oracle 10g
E-mail:
asmatullah.bsse2685@[Link]
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DATABASE:
A database is an organized collection
of information.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(DBMS):
To manage databases we need DBMS. A DBMS
is a program that stores, retrieves, and modifies data
in the databases on request.
RELATIONAL DASTABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSYTEM:
A Relational Database is a collection of relations
of two dimensional tables.
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TERMINOLOGIES USED IN RDBMS:
1) Table:
A Table is the basic storage structure of an
RDBMS. A table stores all the data necessary about
something in the real world.
Example:
Employees.
2) Single Row or Tuple:
Representing all data required for a particular
employee. Each row in a table may be identified by a
Primary Key, which allows no duplicate rows.
3) Column or Attribute:
Usually refers to a characteristic of an entity.
4) Primary Key:
A Field which uniquely identifies a row.
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5) Foreign Key:
A Foreign Key is a column that identifies
how tables relate to each other. A foreign key
refers to a Primary Key in another table.
RELATING MULTIPLE TABLES.
Each row of data in a table is uniquely identified by
a Primary Key.
You can logically relate data from multiple tables
using foreign keys.
Example:
EMP may have empno,ename,job,deptno where
empno is a primary key and deptno is a foreign key.
DEPT may have deptno,dname,loc where deptno
is a primary key.
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GUIDELINES FOR PRIMARY AND FOREIGN KEYS:
No duplicate values are allowed in a primary key.
Primary keys generally cannot be changed.
Foreign keys are based on data values and are
purely logical, not physical pointers.
A foreign key must match an existing primary key
or else be null.
RELATIONAL DATABASE PROPERTIES:
A relational database
Can be accessed and modified by executing
Structured Query Language (SQL).
Contains a collection of tables with no physical
pointer
Use a set of operators for partitioning and
combining relations e.g
where clause, orderby clause.
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Common Data types used in Databases:
DATATYPE SIZE TYPE OF DATA HOLD
CHAR 255 characters Characters
VARCHAR2 > 2000 characters Character
NUMBER 9.99 * 10¹²⁴ Integer, Float
DATE DD-MON-YY Date and time
LONG 65,535 characters Binary Data.
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Common Data types used in MS Access:
DATA TYPE TYPE OF DATA HOLD
TEXT Character
MEMO Character
DATE/TIME Date & Time
NUMBER Integer, Long Integer , Decimal etc.
CURRENCY Dollar , Euro etc
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SQL (Structured Query Language):
ANSI SQL is divided into five different sections.
1) Data Retrieval:
Select.
2) Data Manipulation Language (DML):
Insert, Update, Delete , Merge
3) Data Definition Language (DDL):
Create, Alter, Drop, Rename, Truncate.
4) Data Control Language (DCL):
Grant, Revoke.
5) Transaction Control:
Commit, Rollback, Savepoint.
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PL/SQL:
PL/SQL is an extension to SQL with
design features of programming
language.
Data manipulation and query statements
of SQL are included within procedural
units of code.
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Oracle10g Features
Oracle offers a comprehensive high-performance
infrastructure for e-business. It is called Oracle.
Oracle10g can support up to 512 Peta Bytes (1024 Tera
Bytes) of data.
Oracle10g includes everything needed to develop, deploy,
and manage Internet applications.
Benefits include:
1. Scalability from departments to enterprise e-business sites
2. Robust reliable, available, secure architecture
3. One development model, easy deployment options
4. Leverage an organization’s current skillset throughout the
Oracle platform (including SQL, PL/SQL, Java, and XML)
5. One management interface for all applications
6. Industry standard technologies, no proprietary lock-in
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There are two products, Oracle10g Application Server and
Oracle10g Database, that provide a complete and simple
infrastructure for Internet applications.
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System Development Life Cycle
From concept to production, you can develop a database by
using the system development life cycle, which contains
multiple stages of development.
This top-down, systematic approach to database
development transforms business information requirements
into an operational database.
Strategy and Analysis
Study and analyze the business requirements.
Interview users and managers to identify the information
requirements.
Incorporate the enterprise and application mission
statements as well as any future system specifications.
Build models of the system.
Transfer the business narrative into a graphical
representation of business information needs and rules.
Confirm and refine the model with the analysts and experts.
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Design
Design the database based on the model developed in the
strategy and analysis phase.
Build and Document
Build the prototype system.
Write and execute the commands to create the tables and
supporting objects for the database.
Develop user documentation, Help text, and operations
manuals to support the use and operation of the system.
Transition
Refine the prototype.
Move an application into production with user acceptance
testing, conversion of existing data, and parallel operations.
Make any modifications required.
Production
Roll out the system to the users.
Operate the production system. Monitor its performance, and
enhance and refine the system.
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