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Positional Number System

This document discusses positional number systems and how numbers can be represented in different bases. It provides examples of converting between decimal, binary, and ternary systems. The key points are: - Positional number systems use the position and value of digits to represent numbers, allowing larger numbers to be written with a small set of symbols. - Different bases use a different number of unique digits, with binary using 0 and 1, decimal using 0-9, and ternary using 0-2. - Numbers can be converted between bases by repeatedly dividing by the base and recording the remainders as digits, starting from the ones place value and working right. - Fractions can also be represented in

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Mitela Rahman
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96 views3 pages

Positional Number System

This document discusses positional number systems and how numbers can be represented in different bases. It provides examples of converting between decimal, binary, and ternary systems. The key points are: - Positional number systems use the position and value of digits to represent numbers, allowing larger numbers to be written with a small set of symbols. - Different bases use a different number of unique digits, with binary using 0 and 1, decimal using 0-9, and ternary using 0-2. - Numbers can be converted between bases by repeatedly dividing by the base and recording the remainders as digits, starting from the ones place value and working right. - Fractions can also be represented in

Uploaded by

Mitela Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Positional number systems

Our number entry uses 10 signs (digits). This form uses also the order in which these
numbers stand. The numbers 21 and 12 are different. The first number is 2 10 + 1, and the
second 1 10 + 2 . For example, let's explain the entry: if the number in some position is greater
than 9, then we add 1 into the next digit. For example, a two-digit number 99, when adding 1,
produces a three-digit number: 100.
A position of a digit in a fraction carries information. Idea probably belongs to the Sumerians.
There are mixed systems: a minute includes 60 seconds, an hour includes 60 minutes, a day includes
24 hours.
In a binary system, base 2 are used instead of base 10. Therefore, instead of 10, only two
digits are used: 0 and 1. The account in this system looks like this: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110,
111, 1000, 1001,…
How we convert a number from the decimal system to the binary form? First, we need to
understand how many binary characters there will be in the number. Consider, for example, the
number x=42 - it is less than 64, but more than 32= 25 . Therefore, there will be 6 positions in
the number. Therefore, the first of these 6 positions is 1. The difference is equal to 42-32=10
<16. This means that the second position is 0. Since 10>8, - the number at third position is
equal to 1. The difference of these numbers is 10-8 = 2<4. Therefore, we are wrighting on the
fourth position the digital 0. Next, 2=2 and the fifth position is 1, and the sixth 0. Thus
42 = 1 25 + 0  24 + 1 23 + 0  22 + 1 21 + 0  20 . Therefore, in the binary system, our number 42 is
written as a six-digit number: 101010.
More example. Now let's write 42 in the ternary system. Since 27<42<81, this will be a
four-digit number: 42 = 1 33 + 1 32 + 2  31 + 0  30 - in the ternary system, our number will be
written as 1120.
Task. Let a, b, and c be numbers from 1 to 9. Let's make three-digit numbers out of them
and add: M= abc + bca + cab . Can the number M be a complete cube? Answer a similar

question about three-digit numbers in a positional number system with a different base?

327 т1
 , 0  т1  7;
1000 7
327  7
= 2, 289  т1  т1 = 2
1000
327 2 т2 14 + т2
 + 2 = , 0  т2  7;
1000 7 7 49
327  49 16023 16023
=  14 + т2 ; − 14 = 2,023  т2  т2 = 2
1000 1000 1000

Proper fractions (which are less than 1) can be also transformed from one positional system
to another.
Examples. In our decimal system, an entry 0,32710 means a number 3 10−1 + 2 10−2 + 7 10−3 .
In the sevenfold system, the entry x= 0,5437 means in our decimal system a number
5  7−1 + 4  7−2 + 3  7−3 . It is not difficult to transform this number to the common denominator
5  7 2
+ 4  71
+ 3 1 245 + 28 + 3 276
73 = 343. We get a rational number x= = = . This fraction
343 343 343
can now be converted to the decimal fraction x=0.8046647…. But the fraction is infinite. And
how to transform, on the contrary, the value x= 0.327 from the decimal system to the sevenfold
one?
327 т1
 , 0  т1  7;
1000 7
327  7
= 2, 289  т1  т1 = 2
1000
327 2 т2 14 + т2
 + 2 = , 0  т2  7;
1000 7 7 49
327  49 16023 16023
=  14 + т2 ; − 14 = 2,023  т2  т2 = 2
1000 1000 1000

More examples of fractions transformations can be found here:


http://cs.petrsu.ru/studies/filatova_information/CMD_1996566_M/my_files/Inform/NumberSystem/num_sys2.htm

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