Metrology and Quality Assurance Lab
Topic: The working principle and Use of Sinebar
Student Name: Ali Raza
Roll no: 18-MCE-18
Semester: 6th
Supervisor: Dr Muhammad Arif
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer
Research, Faisalabad
Sine-Bar
THEORY:
Sine - Bar Apparatus:
Sin bar is known as one of the most accurate angles measuring instrument and it include
rectangular bar of steel and two rollers at the ends. It is categorized by the center distance
between the rollers i.e. 100mm ,200mm etc. Before grinding and lapping they get hardened.
The rollers are fixed such that when sin bar is placed become exactly parallel to surface place
when it is placed over it.
Figure 1: Sine Bar Apparatus
Working Principle of Sine Bar:
Angles are measured using a sine bar with the help of gauge blocks and a dial gauge or
a spirit level. The aim of a measurement is to measure the surface on which the dial gauge or
spirit level is placed horizontally. For example, to measure the angle of a wedge, the wedge is
placed on a horizontal table. The sine bar is placed over the inclined surface of the wedge. At
this position, the top surface of the sine bar is inclined the same amount as the wedge. Using
gauge blocks, the top surface is made horizontal. The sine of the angle of inclination of the
wedge is the ratio of the height of the gauge blocks used and the distance between the centers
of the cylinders.
Figure 2: Sine Bar Apparatus
Measurement for Small Component:
In case of measuring small angle, arrangements through sine bar are made in such a way that
it is placed parallel to working surface by placing slips gauges according to required
specification. A dial gauge is placed over & adjusted with some suitable stand. This dial
gauge is moved along the length that will assist in finding that whether the surfaces are
parallel or not.
Try to adjust the slip gauges so that deflection of pointer in dial gauge come to zero. After all,
the angle is found out by using the formula
Where,
θ = is the angel to be measure
h = height of the slip gauges.
L = Length of the sine bar (between centers)
Measurement for Larger Angle:
For the larger component as shown in the figure below. First, use the Vernier caliper for the
purpose of measuring the height above the rollers. Measuring pressure is measured by using
the dial gauge. Up till the dial gauge reads zero for each reading keep on adjusting the height
gauge. The difference between the two of the height gauges gives us the rise of the sine bar
. The angle of the component is given by the formula given below:
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS:
The following are some of the practical applications of the Sine Bar apparatus:
It is useful in finding Taper angles of components, work piece taper-ness etc.
Also, can be used to set work for a required angle.
It is limited to use in laboratory and small workshops and not in industry because its
accuracy is good for angles of range 15° to 45° and provide very inaccurate results for
other angles.
PROCEDURE:
The following are the steps taken during measurement taken from the block Sine Bar:
Firstly, for reducing roughness make sure that both the object and the sine bar dust free
and cleaned.
Measure the length of object by means of Vernier caliper.
Adjust the sin bar and make it parallel to working surface plate.
Put the tapered object on the top and fix the end of dial gauge and adjust its reading to
zero.
Move the gauge along the tapered surface that will show the height of taper.
Calculate the theoretical height and use that specific value to select the block gauges and
place under the sine bar.
Now check the deflection of dial gauge to check about the level of top side that will help
to ensure that selected gauges are accurately selected.
Finally, use these values and find the taper angle.
FORMULAE USED:
The following formula is used in calculations:
¯¿
H ( theoretical )=Deflection∗Lengthof sine ¿
Length of work piece
Perpendicular H ( practical)
sin ∅= =
Hypotnuse Length of work piece
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:
The following are some of the safety precautions that are to be considered during
measurement with Block Gauges:
All the surfaces which are linked with the sine bar must be cleaned properly.
There should be no error in dial gauge.
Sine-bar should be accurate and make sure that angles to be measured are between its
range otherwise measurements will not be accurate.
ERRORS & RESULTS:
The following are the some of the errors:
The values of external taper angles that are calculated using sine bar by applying sine law are
accurate as for the reason that the taper angles are smaller. There is a direct relation between
error and angle, it means error increases as angle increases. It is very useful process and is
used various manufacturing industries.
COMMENTS:
Coordinate measuring machines nowadays used in industries as it very much accurate as
compared to the sine bars. Use of sine bar is limited in industries not of only size but also due
to shape. Different error might occur but to reduce them keep the points under considerations:
Center distance(L) should be known properly with accuracy.
Roller axes should be parallel to each of them.
The upper surface should be flat and parallel for sine bar.
