DVA2602/101/3/2021

Tutorial Letter 101/3/2021

Community Development and the Basic

Needs Approach
DVA2602

Semesters 1 and 2

Department of Development Studies

This tutorial letter contains important information

about your module.

BARCODE
 CONTENTS
Page
1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Tutorial matter............................................................................................................................... 3
2 PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES ...................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 3
2.2 Outcomes ..................................................................................................................................... 3
3 LECTURERS AND CONTACT DETAILS ..................................................................................... 3
3.1 Lecturers....................................................................................................................................... 3
3.2 Department ................................................................................................................................... 4
3.3 University ...................................................................................................................................... 4
4 RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 Electronic Reserves (e-Reserves)................................................................................................. 4
4.2 Library services and resources information ................................................................................... 6
5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES ................................................................................................ 7
6 STUDY PLAN ............................................................................................................................... 7
7 PRACTICAL WORK ..................................................................................................................... 7
8 ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 8
8.1 Assessment criteria....................................................................................................................... 8
8.2 Assessment plan .......................................................................................................................... 8
8.3 Assignment numbers .................................................................................................................... 8
8.3.1 General assignment numbers .................................................................................................... 8
8.3.2 Unique assignment numbers ..................................................................................................... 8
8.4 Assignment due dates .................................................................................................................. 9
8.5 Submission of assignments .......................................................................................................... 9
8.6 The assignments ........................................................................................................................ 10
8.6.1 Assignment 01 – Multiple choice questions (Semester 1) ..................................................... 12
8.6.2 Assignments 2 – 7 for the first semester ................................................................................ 14
8.6.3 Assignment 01 – Multiple choice questions (Semester 2) ..................................................... 18
8.6.4 Assignments 2 – 7 for the second semester........................................................................... 20
8.7 Other assessment methods ........................................................................................................ 24
8.8 The examination ......................................................................................................................... 24
9 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ........................................................................................ 24
10 SOURCES CONSULTED ........................................................................................................... 25
11 IN CLOSING............................................................................................................................... 25
12 ADDENDUM ............................................................................................................................... 27

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1 INTRODUCTION

Dear Student

Welcome to Development Studies. We trust that you will enjoy your studies with us and that your
relationship with this department will be a lasting one.

1.1 Tutorial matter

The study material you should receive from Unisa for DVA2602 consists of the following:

• the study guide

• Tutorial Letters 101 and 301

Follow-up tutorial letters will be available on myUnisa during the semester.

Please take note that the university will be printing only the study guide and Tutorial Letters 101 & 301.
All other study material, such as any further tutorial letters, will be available ONLY on the myUnisa
platform.

2 PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES

2.1 Purpose

The purpose of this module is to enable students to understand the process and dynamics of community
development and the basic needs approach by linking related concepts and theories to practice.
Students who complete this module will be able to debate the history of community development,
recognise the change in concepts in the debate and discuss these by means of case studies. This
module provide students with the knowledge to undertake community development work.

2.2 Outcomes

On successful completion of this module you will be expected to:

• demonstrate an understanding of the concepts “community” and “community development”

• demonstrate an understanding of the history and theory of community development
• apply the principles of asset-based and integrated community development in the context of the
global south
• analyse sustainable approaches to community development
• evaluate solutions to community development problems

3 LECTURERS AND CONTACT DETAILS

3.1 Lecturers

Students who wish to contact the lecturers involved in the teaching of this module may do so by
contacting the Departmental Administrators, who will then connect them to the relevant lecturers. You
can also find your lecturers’ contact details on the homepage of the module site on myUnisa.

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3.2 Department

Our departmental contact details are as follows:

Ms BB Mabota / Ms T Macala
Department of Development Studies
Room 4 – 26
Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Building
Pretoria

Tel: 012 429 6813 / 4035

E-mail: [email protected]
Department website: http://www.unisa.ac.za/devstudies

3.3 University

If you need to contact the university about matters not related to the content of this module, please
consult the Study @ Unisa brochure that you will have received with your study material. This brochure
contains information on how to contact the University. You can also send your enquiries directly to the
following addresses:

❖ Unisa website: http://www.unisa.ac.za

❖ Assignments: [email protected]
❖ Study material: [email protected]
❖ Examination (general enquiries): [email protected]
❖ Rewrites: [email protected]
❖ Re-marking: [email protected]
❖ Viewing exam script: [email protected]
❖ Student account: [email protected]
❖ Application & registrations: [email protected]
❖ myLife account: [email protected]
❖ myUnisa: [email protected]

Always have your student number at hand when you contact the University.

4 RESOURCES

4.1 Electronic Reserves (e-Reserves)

There are no prescribed books for this module, only the following prescribed articles in the e-Reserves:

First author Date Name of Publication, volume, pages

chapter/report/article
De Beer, F & 2012 The community development Africanus Journal of Development Studies
Swanepoel, H. profession: issues, concepts 42(2):3–13.
and approaches

De Beer, F 2012 A postscript as an Africanus 42(2) (2012)

introduction: do we know
where to go with the

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 DVA2602/101

professionalisation of
community development in
South Africa?
Dussel, E. 2006 Globalization, organization Organization 13(4):489–508
and the ethics of liberation.
Etzo, S. 2010 The unfinished business of Routledge 17(3): 564–586
democratization: Struggles for
service and accountability in
South African cities, from
Democratisation.

Gray, M. & 2010 Caught in the vortex: Can Community Development Journal 45(2): 186-
Mubangizi, B. local government community 197
development workers succeed
in South Africa?
Hamstead, 2005 Sustainable community Local Environment:
M.P.& Quinn, development and ecological The International Journal of Justice and
M.S. economics: theoretical Sustainability, vol 10, p 141–158
convergence and practical ISSN: 1354-9839 (Print) 1469–6711 (Online)
implications Journal homepage:
https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cloe2

Ledwith, M. 2001 Community work as critical Community Development Journal

pedagogy: Re-envisioning 36(3): 171–182
Freire and Gramsci.
May, J. 2013 Sustaining effective anti- United Nations:
poverty programmes beyond Accessed online at:
transformation: challenges http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/em
and way forward, in The twin ployment/twinchallenges.pdf
challenges of reducing poverty
and creating employment.

Maistry, M. 2012 Towards professionalization: Africanus Journal of Development Studies

Journey of community 42(2):29–41.
development in the African
and South African context
Mosoetsa, S. 2005 Compromised communities Journal of Southern African Studies 31(4):
and re-emerging civic 857–873
engagement in Mpumalanga
Township, Durban,
KwaZulu-Natal
Nel. E, Hill. T 1997 Development from below in The Geographical Journal 163(1): 57-64
& Binn. T. the “New” South Africa: The
case of Hertzog, Eastern
Cape.

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Nikkhah, HA & 2010 The role of NGOs in promoting Journal of Human Ecology 30(2): 85–92.
Redzuan, MB. empowerment for sustainable
community development
Journal of Human Ecology

Pawar, M. 2011 Integrated community Journal of Comparative Social Welfare 27

development through (3): 253–268
dialogue, capacity-building
and partnership in an
Australian town
Siebert, S., 2009 Building principles of Accessed online at:
Michau, L & community mobilization, from http://raisingvoices.org/wp-
Letiyo, E Raising Voices. content/uploads/2013/03/download/Activism/
SBL/GuidingPrinciplesCommunityMobilizatio
n.pdf

UN-HABITAT 2008 An Asset-based Approach The human settlements financing tools

to Community Development and best practices series:
and Capacity-Building Asset-based Approaches to
Community Development: 1–51

ISBN: 978-92-1-132027-5 (series)

ISBN: 978-92-132000-8

Von Holdt, K. 2011 Trouble. Mobilising against CSVR and Development Institute: 97–105
xenophobic attacks, from the
smoke that calls: Insurgent
citizenship and the struggle for
a place in the new South
Africa.

4.2 Library services and resources information

The Unisa Library offers a range of information services and resources:

• for detailed Library information go to

http://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Library
• for research support and services (e.g. personal librarians and literature search services) go
to http://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Library/Library-services/Research-support

The Library has created numerous Library guides: http://libguides.unisa.ac.za.

Recommended guides:
• request and download recommended material:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/request
• postgraduate information services: http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/request/postgrad
• finding and using library resources and tools:
http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/Research_skills
• Frequently asked questions about the Library: http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/ask

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• Services to students living with disabilities:

http://libguides.unisa.ac.za/disability

5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES

The Study @ Unisa brochure is available on myUnisa: www.unisa.ac.za/brochures/studies

This brochure has all the tips and information you need to succeed at distance learning and, specifically,
at Unisa.

myLife student e-mail account

You must claim your student e-mail account. To do this log onto https://my.unisa.ac.za/portal
Select the tool Claim Unisa Login and follow the steps.

It is of the utmost importance that you claim your myLife student e-mail account, since you will receive
important communication about the module.

myUnisa

Once you have claimed your myLife student e-mail account you will be able to log into myUnisa.
myUnisa is very useful for the following reasons:

• You can download electronic copies of your tutorial letters and study guide.
• You can communicate with lecturers and fellow-students in the discussion forums.

You will interact with the e-tutors

• You will be reminded of assignment due dates.

• You can submit your assignments online.

The Study @ Unisa brochure is available on myUnisa: www.unisa.ac.za/brochures/studies.

This brochure has all the tips and information you will need in order to succeed at distance learning and,
specifically, at Unisa.

E-tutors

This module now has e-tutors! Log on to myUnisa to identify your tutor and tutor group. For information
on the various other student support systems and services available at Unisa (e.g. student counselling,
tutorial classes, language support), please consult the publication Study @ Unisa, which you will have
received with your study material.

6 STUDY PLAN

Use the Study @ Unisa brochure for general time management and planning skills.

7 PRACTICAL WORK

There is no practical work for this module.

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8 ASSESSMENT

8.1 Assessment criteria

• The concepts of community, community development and the basic needs are explained.
• The liberal and radical interpretations of participatory development are discussed.
• Assumptions about radicalisation, community development and popular participation are
analysed.
• The debate around the concepts “community” and “community development are explored.
• Debates on the role of institutions in community development in the global South are discussed.
• Theoretical interpretation of community project management, the role of the community worker
and the problem of coordination in community development are explained.
• Discuss issues relating to sustainable community development.
• Institutional frameworks for community development are evaluated.
• Case studies of community development in context are discussed.
• community development practices are experimented.
• The effect of globalisation on community development evaluated.
• Contemporary issues in community development in the global South are analysed.
• Various methods to evaluate community development are identified.
• Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal are explained.
• Community development practices are experimented.
• The achievement of goals in community development are evaluated.
• Problems and issues in community development are discussed.
• Relevant solutions to problems and issues in community development are explored.
• Skills in community development that are theoretically-informed are demonstrated.

8.2 Assessment plan

The Department of Development Studies uses two forms of assessment, namely:

• assignments as a form of formative assessment

• examinations as a form of summative assessment

Please note: Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are used in assignments ONLY, and not in the
examinations.

8.3 Assignment numbers

8.3.1 General assignment numbers

Assignments are numbered consecutively in each semester for each module, starting from 01.

8.3.2 Unique assignment numbers

Semester 1 Unique Assignment No

Assignment 01 (MCQ) 390075

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Assignment 02 282284
Assignment 03 393760
Assignment 04 329314
Assignment 05 286632
Assignment 06 391500
Assignment 07 312100
Semester 2 Unique Assignment No
Assignment 01 (MCQ) 861921
Assignment 02 741264
Assignment 03 775198
Assignment 04 880649
Assignment 05 823602
Assignment 06 858370
Assignment 07 619519

8.4 Assignment due dates

Each assignment has a due/closing date. Check the dates carefully and ensure that assignments are
submitted on time.

Semester 1 Due Date

Assignment 01 05 March 2021
Assignment 02 12 March 2021
Assignment 03 12 March 2021
Assignment 04 12 March 2021
Assignment 05 12 March 2021
Assignment 06 12 March 2021
Assignment 07 12 March 2021
Semester 2 Due Date
Assignment 01 03 September 2021
Assignment 02 10 September 2021
Assignment 03 10 September 2021
Assignment 04 10 September 2021
Assignment 05 10 September 2021
Assignment 06 10 September 2021
Assignment 07 10 September 2021

8.5 Submission of assignments

You may submit written assignments and assignments done on mark reading sheets either electronically
via myUnisa or by post. Assignments may NOT be submitted by fax or e-mail. For detailed information
about and requirements for assignments, see the Study @ Unisa brochure, which you will have received
with your study material. You need to submit two compulsory assignments for this module.
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• Assignment 01 (multiple-choice questions) is compulsory as it gives you entry to the examination.
You will NOT be allowed to sit for your examination if Assignment 01 is not submitted. This
assignment does not count towards your year mark.
• The second assignment can be chosen from essay-type Assignments 02 to 07.
• You may submit more than one of these essay-type assignments but only ONE is compulsory.
• The essay-type assignment with the highest mark will be used to calculate your year mark (see
section 9.8 on how this will be combined with the exam mark).
• Your year mark counts 20% towards your final mark.

8.6 The assignments

Please Note: We strongly recommend that you submit all your assignments electronically via
myUnisa in portable document format (PDF).

Assignment 01 consists of multiple-choice questions. Other assignments are all essay-type questions.
Please read Tutorial Letter DVAALLD/301 for guidelines on how to write an essay.

To help you master the study material, we recommend that you prepare schemes for yourself on all the
essay-type assignment questions, even for those assignments that you do not intend to submit for
marking.

This is because the topics of the assignments highlight the most important information in this module.
Questions (or parts of questions) from the assignments could be asked in the examination. Therefore,
doing assignments gives you the opportunity to prepare for the examination well in advance. The
completed assignment with the lecturer's comments gives you an idea of how well you understand each
section of the work and how much revision you still need to do.

Assignments are not only useful indicators of what to expect in the exams, they also give you the chance
to practise expressing your thoughts clearly and concisely, which will be very important in your work as a
development practitioner.

Please note the following:

• Your essay-type assignments should not exceed five pages handwritten, or should be between
1200 to 1600 words for typed assignments (excluding the table of contents and the bibliography)
• If you submit a typed essay, please allow for 1.5 – 2 line spacing and preferably use Arial or
Times New Roman, font point size 12.
• Please submit each assignment in a separate assignment cover.
• Remember to write exactly the same unique assignment number as it is given in this
tutorial letter on the cover of your assignment. If you write the wrong assignment number,
your assignment will be returned to you unmarked.
• Before you attempt any of the essay-type assignments listed below, please read Tutorial Letter
DVAALLD/301 carefully, this contains important hints on answering assignment questions, on
how to refer to sources and how to compile a bibliography.
• In Addendum 12 to this tutorial letter, you will find a checklist for essay-type assignments. Attach
the completed checklist to the first page of your second assignment. You will also need to attach
a copy of the checklist to any additional essay-type assignments you submit.

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 DVA2602/101

Feedback on assignments

Every student registered for this module will automatically receive solutions for Assignment 01 (multiple-
choice questions). For essay assignments, markers will comment constructively on your work. However,
feedback on all assignments will be provided via myUnisa site to all students registered for this module,
and not only to those students who submitted the assignments. The Tutorial Letter numbers will be 201,
202, and so forth.

As soon as you have obtained the feedback, please check your answers. The assignments and the
feedback on these assignments constitute an important part of your learning and should help you to be
better prepared for the examination.

Please note: Although students may work together when preparing assignments, each student
must write and submit his or her own individual assignment. In other words, you
must submit your own ideas in your own words, sometimes making use of
interspersed relevant short quotations, with the correct method of referencing (see
Tutorial Letter DVAALLD/301). It is unacceptable for students to submit identical
assignments on the basis that they worked together. This is seen as copying, a
form of plagiarism, and none of these assignments will be marked. Furthermore,
you may be penalised or subjected to disciplinary proceedings by the university.

Plagiarism

NB! Plagiarism is a serious offence and, therefore, it is extremely important to provide references in your
essay assignment. Marks will be deducted from your assignment if you do not reference or if you copy
information from any source without providing a reference. The following percentages will be deducted:

• first-year students – up to 10%

• second- and third-year students – up to 20%
• honours – up to 100%

NB! Please do not use Wikipedia as it is not a reliable academic source.

THEREFORE, before you attempt any of the assignments 02–07 listed below, please read Tutorial
Letter DVAALLD/301 carefully. This tutorial letter contains important hints on answering assignment
questions, and how to refer to sources in the text and how to compile a bibliography.

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 ASSIGNMENTS FOR THE FIRST SEMESTER OF 2020

8.6.1 Assignment 01 – Multiple choice questions (Semester 1)

ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 01
FIRST SEMESTER
Assignments Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 01: Compulsory Semester 1 05 March 2021 390075

QUESTIONS
To answer Questions 2 and 10, please go to the myUnisa website and click on the DVA2602-21-
S1 module site. DVA2602/101

1. Mobilisation is

1) primarily about consulting the community.

2) a short process in the community preceding organisation.
3) a challenging process because it must go through six stages.
4) about bringing together community resources to address problems.

2. Which of the following is Incorrect? In the Discussions tab under “General Discussions
forum” you can:

1) Create forums for yourself

2) Start communicating without waiting for anyone
3) Add any relevant Topic you wish to discuss in the “General Discussions” forum.
4) Discuss issues related to this module with others who are also on this website.

3. A paraphrase is a re-expression of a statement or a piece of writing in other words,

especially where the new words help to clarify the original statement. Read the following
sentence:

“Female-headed households may be the result of the breakdown of male-headed

households through death, marital instability or migration.”

Which of the following sentences provides the best paraphrase of the above sentence?

1) Households through death, marital instability or migration.

2) Households break down when there is death, marital instability or migration.
3) Households lose a breadwinner.
4) The transformation of a male-headed household into a female-headed one may be ascribed
to various factors, such as the absence of a male head because of death, divorce,
separation, or migration.

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4. Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) differs from basic needs theory because

1) it is more modern and more in tune with technology

2) it emphasises a community’s resources rather than what it lacks
3) ABCD replaced basic needs theory through natural development
4) ABCD is concerned about the lack of assets and basic needs theory ignores assets

5. Which of the following are examples of communities?

1) professional, telephonic, geographic

2) professional, academic, lateral, geographic
3) geographic, telephonic, functional and lateral
4) political-ideological, geographic, local social system

6. The ideas of praxis and conscientisation are part of which theory?

1) local theory
2) functionalism
3) critical theory
4) colonial theory

7. A well-structured assignment shows…

1) the points in bullet form without any need of elaborations to save time for the assignment
marker.
2) no flow of ideas as lecturers can easily identify the points when marking the assignment.
3) the introduction, the discussion clearly indicating sub-headings, the conclusion and the list of
the sources used in the assignment.
4) no citation of sources consulted and used in the assignment because sources can only be
shown during the examination.

8. In the era of economic globalisation, spurred by the growth of multinational corporations,

corporations link across boundaries in what Castells calls

1) networks of power
2) imperial capitalism
3) global corporations
4) global economic integration

9. The Atlantic slave trade started in which century?

1) 13th century
2) 15th century
3) 16th century
4) 17th century

10. Which of the following documents is NOT found under the Official Study Material tab?

1) Memoranda

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 2) Study guides
3) Tutorial letters
4) Previous examination papers

8.6.2 Assignments 2 – 7 for the first semester

ASSIGNMENT 02
FIRST SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 02 Semester 1 12 March 2020 282284

ASSIGNMENT 02
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION
Critically discuss how critical theory can strengthen community development.

Readings:

➢ Study Guide: Unit 1

➢ All the activities and readings in Unit 1

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Define community development. Use section 1.2 of your study guide (History of Community
Development) and, in Maistry’s article, use sections 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4.
• Explain how community development relates to critical theory.
• Outline the purpose of community development according to critical theory.
• Explain how critical theory can empower community development
• Explain how praxis features in critical theory, and how it can lead to better community
development efforts.
• Explain how functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories enforce critical theory. In
your study guide, use sections 1.3 and 1.4 and use Ledwith’s article.
• You may use your own personal examples and those from the prescribed articles to support your
arguments.

ASSIGNMENT 03
FIRST SEMESTER

Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.

Assignment 03 Semester 1 12 March 2021 393760

ASSIGNMENT 03
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

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QUESTION
Critically discuss why radical community development and development from below, are
necessary for community development.

Readings:

➢ Study guide: Unit 2

➢ All the activities and readings in Unit 2.

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Define the concepts radical community development

• Define the concept development from below
• Discuss why they are necessary for community development

ASSIGNMENT 04
FIRST SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 04 Semester 1 12 March 2021 329314

ASSIGNMENT 04
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION

Discuss how Dussel’s “ethics of liberation” can be used to advance community development.

Readings:

➢ Study guide: Unit 3

➢ All the activities and readings in Unit 3.

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Define values and ethics

• Discuss values and principles that underpin community development
• Explain the “ethics of liberation” according to Dussel
• Discuss how these ethics can be applied in community development

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ASSIGNMENT 05
FIRST SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 05 Semester 1 12 March 2021 286632

ASSIGNMENT 05
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION
Critically discuss how Integrated Community Development and Asset-Based Community
Development can promote sustainable community development.

Readings:

➢ Study guide: Unit 4

➢ All the activities and readings in Unit 4.

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Define the concept of sustainable community development.

• Briefly outline the objectives of sustainable community development, taking into account the
“economics of sustainability”.
• Discuss Asset Based Community Development as an alternative to the needs-based approach
for community development.
• Outline the aims of Integrated Community Development.
• Discuss Integrated Community Development and Asset Based Community Development as
approaches to promote sustainable community development.

ASSIGNMENT 06
FIRST SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 06 Semester 1 12 March 2021 391500

ASSIGNMENT 06
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION
Critically discuss the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs and CBOs) and government
institutions in promoting community development.

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Readings:

➢ Study Guide: Unit 5

➢ Readings in Community Development 2015, contributions by Nikkhah, H. A. and Redzuan, M. B.
2010, Gray, M. and Mubangizi 2009 and May, J. 2013.

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Define community development.

• Describe the institutions (government and non-government) involved in community development.
• Outline the role played by the South African government in community development (local,
provincial and national levels). Use section 5.1 of your study guide and May’s article for this.
• Discuss the Community Development Workers Programme (CDWP) and its challenges. Use the
sections on the CDWP in the article by Gray and Mubangizi here.
• Outline the role played by non-governmental institutions and CBOs in community development.
Use the study guide section 5.2 and the short article by Nikkhah and Redzuan, and your own
personal experiences for this.
• Discuss which settings best help achieve community development goals.

ASSIGNMENT 07
FIRST SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 07 Semester 1 12 March 2021 213100

ASSIGNMENT 07
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION
Critically discuss how communities in the global South are responding to globalisation.

Readings:

➢ Study Guide: Unit 6.

➢ All the activities and readings in Unit 6

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Describe the concept and process of globalisation.

• Outline the effects and challenges of globalisation on developing countries.
• Summarise how globalisation enhances cultural identity.
• Discuss the responses by communities of the global South to the effects of and challenges posed
by globalisation.
• Explain the role that civil society can play to enhance local responses to globalisation.

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 ASSIGNMENTS FOR SECOND SEMESTER OF 2020

8.6.3 Assignment 01 – Multiple choice questions (Semester 2)

These multiple-choice questions are based on the whole study guide

ASSIGNMENT 01
SECOND SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 01: Compulsory Semester 2 03 September 2021 861921

To answer Question 2 and 4 please go to myUnisa website and click on the DVA2602-21-S2
module site. DVA2602/101

1. A well-structured assignment shows…

1) the points in bullet form without any need of elaborations to save time for the assignment
marker.
2) no flow of ideas as lecturers can easily identify the points when marking the assignment.
3) the introduction, the discussion clearly indicating sub-headings, the conclusion and the list of
the sources used in the assignment.
4) no citation of sources consulted and used in the assignment because sources can only be
shown during the examination.

2. Which of the following is Incorrect? In the Discussions tab under “General Discussions
forum” you can:

1) Create forums for yourself

2) Start communicating without waiting for anyone
3) Add any relevant Topic you wish to discuss in the “General Discussions” forum.
4) Discuss issues related to this module with others who are also on this web site.

3. A paraphrase is a re-expression of a statement or a piece of writing in other words,

especially where the new words help to clarify the original statement. Read the following
sentence:

“Female-headed households may be the result of the breakdown of male-headed

households through death, marital instability or migration.”

Which of the following sentences provides the best paraphrase of the above sentence?

1) Households through death, marital instability or migration.

2) Households break down when there is death, marital instability or migration.
3) Households lose a breadwinner.
4) The transformation of a male-headed household into a female-headed one maybe ascribed
to various factors, such as the absence of a male head because of death, divorce,
separation, or migration.

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4. Which of the following documents is NOT found Under the Official Study Material tab?

1) Memoranda
2) Study guides
3) Tutorial letters
4) Previous examination papers

5. In his ethics of liberation, Dussel is concerned with

1) the theme of “development as freedom”

2) the liberation of the individual from colonial fetters
3) the United Nation’s Declaration of the Right to Development
4) the fact that the existence of victims obliges us to transform society

6. A coherent plan to address all community issues could be termed

1) a philanthropic approach
2) integrated community development
3) a sustainable development approach
4) asset-based community development

7. According to your study guide, states seldom question the distribution of power because

1) they are too involved in everyday tasks

2) this is the role that opposition groups take
3) it leads to conflict among middle managers
4) it could call into question the legitimacy of government

8. An example of neocolonisation is

1) the collapse of Greece

2) oil companies in the Niger Delta
3) Ghanaian fingerprint identification
4) the attempted military coup in Burundi

9. Which of the following is NOT a feature of professionalization?

1) having an ethical code

2) possessing funds to cover liabilities
3) maintaining a professional organization
4) having academic training through established educational bodies

10. 5 000 years ago there were communitarian movements in

1) China
2) Babylon
3) Tanzania
4) Victorian Britain

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8.6.4 Assignments 2 – 7 for the second semester

ASSIGNMENT 02
SECOND SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 02 Semester 2 10 September 2021 741264

ASSIGNMENT 02
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION
Critically discuss how critical theory can strengthen community development practice.

Readings:

➢ Study Guide: Unit 1

➢ Readings in Community Development (2015), contributions by Maistry, M. (2012)
Ledwith, M. (2001) Pafiwa Mutasa Community Development Project Proposal

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Define community development. Use section 1.2 of your study guide (history of
community development) and in Maistry’s article use sections 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4).
• Explain how community development relates to critical theory.
• Outline the purpose of community development according to critical theory.
• Explain how critical theory can empower community development.
• Explain how praxis features in critical theory, and how it can lead to better community
development efforts.
• Explain how functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories enforce critical
theory. In your study guide, use sections 1.3 and 1.4 and use Ledwith’s article.
• You may use your own personal examples and those from the prescribed articles to
support your arguments.

ASSIGNMENT 03
SECOND SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 03 Semester 2 10 September 2021 775198

ASSIGNMENT 03
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

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 DVA2602/101

QUESTION
Critically discuss whether radical community development and development from below,
are necessary in community development.

Readings:

➢ Study guide: Unit 2

➢ All the activities and readings Learning Unit 2.

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• define the concepts radical community development

• define the concept development from below
• discuss how they can be used to advance community development

ASSIGNMENT 04
SECOND SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 04 Semester 2 10 September 2021 880649

ASSIGNMENT 04
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION
Discuss how the stages of community mobilisation were followed in the case study by
von Holdt (2011).

Readings:

➢ Study guide: Unit 3

➢ All the activities and readings Learning Unit 3.

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• define community mobilisation

• outline the stages of community mobilisation
• use von Holdt’s article to discuss how the stages were followed in the case study
regarding xenophobic attacks in Trouble

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ASSIGNMENT 05
SECOND SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 05 Semester 2 10 September 2021 823602

ASSIGNMENT 05
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION
Critically discuss the role of Integrated Community Development and Asset-Based
Community Development in sustainable community development.

Readings:

➢ Study guide: Unit 4

➢ All the activities and readings in Learning Unit 4.

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Define the concept of sustainable community development.

• Briefly outline the objectives of sustainable community development, taking into account
the “economics of sustainability”.
• Outline t h e r o l e o f Asset Based Community Development in sustainable
community development.
• Outline the role of Integrated Community Development in sustainable community
development.
• Discuss Integrated Community Development and Asset Based Community Development
as approaches to promote sustainable community development.

ASSIGNMENT 06
SECOND SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 06 Semester 2 10 September 2021 858370

ASSIGNMENT 06
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION
Critically discuss how NGOs, CBOs and government institutions promote community
development.

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Readings:

➢ Study Guide: Unit 5

➢ All the activities and readings in Learning Unit 5.

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Define community development.

• Describe the institutions (government and non-government) involved in community development.
• Outline the role played by the South African government in community development (local,
provincial and national levels). Use section 3.1 of your study guide and May’s article for this.
• Discuss the Community Development Workers Programme (CDWP) and its challenges. Use the
sections on the CDWP in the article by Gray and Mubangizi here.
• Outline the role played by non-governmental institutions and CBOs in community development.
Use the study guide section 3.2 and the short article by Nikkhah and Redzuan, and your own
personal experiences for this.
• Discuss which settings best help achieve community development goals.

ASSIGNMENT 07
SECOND SEMESTER
Assignment Semester Due Date Unique Assignment No.
Assignment 07 Semester 2 10 September 2021 619519

ASSIGNMENT 07
(Please write this number on your assignment cover)

QUESTION
Critically discuss how communities in the global South respond to globalisation and whether these
responses are helpful for them.

Readings:

➢ Study Guide: Unit 6

All the activities and readings in Unit 6

Assessment evidence shows that you can:

• Describe the concept and process of globalisation.

• Outline the effects and challenges of globalisation on developing countries.
• Summarise how globalisation enhances cultural identity.
• Discuss the responses to this by communities of the global South to the effects of and challenges
posed by globalisation.
• Explain the role that civil society can play to enhance local responses to globalisation.

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8.7 Other assessment methods

There are no other assessment methods for this module code.

8.8 The examination

Use the Study @ Unisa brochure for general examination guidelines and examination preparation
guidelines.

• You need to submit Assignment 01 (compulsory) to gain admission to the examination.

However, the mark obtained does not contribute to your year mark
• You need to submit at least one essay question from Assignments 02–07 to obtain the 20%-year
mark
• Your final mark is calculated as follows:
 Year mark (20%) + exam mark (80%) = final mark (100%)
 Your year mark (20%) is calculated using your highest essay assignment mark (if you
submitted more than one essay-type assignment)
 For example, if you receive 60% for your essay-type assignment, you will earn 12% towards
your final mark. If you receive 55% in your exam, then you will receive 44% towards your
final mark
 THEREFORE, your final mark will be 56% (year mark 12% + exam mark 44% = final mark
56%).
• Note that you need to obtain a final mark of 50% to pass the module. In the examination, you
need to obtain a sub-minimum of 40%.

Examination format:

❖ Examination duration 2 hours

❖ 100 marks
❖ 4 Essays
❖ Choose 2 Essays
❖ Each essay counts 50 marks

9 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

The Study @ Unisa brochure contains an A–Z guide of the most relevant study information.

Q. What if I do not submit Assignment 01 (compulsory)?

A. Unfortunately, you will not be allowed to write the examination.

Q. What if I have not received my study material?

A. All enquiries about study material must be directed to Despatch, not to the lecturers. Please send
an e-mail to [email protected]

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Q. What happens if I do not acknowledge the sources in my essay, but I have them in the
bibliography?
A. Regrettably, you will lose marks. Your lecturers will regard this as plagiarism. Refer to Tutorial
Letter DVAALLD/301 for details.

10 SOURCES CONSULTED

No additional sources were consulted

11 IN CLOSING

We wish you all the best in your studies, and we hope to hear from you during the course of the
semester.

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12 ADDENDUM

ASSIGNMENT CHECKLIST

Please complete the checklist and attach it to each of the essay-type assignments you submit
for marking. If you want to submit more than one essay-type assignment and need more
checklists, please make extra copies for yourself. A copy of this checklist in MS word format is
available under the “Additional Resources” tab on the myUnisa site.

QUESTION YES NO
1. Have I included a table of contents?

2. Does my assignment consist of:

- an introduction,
- a main section (or body) with appropriate sub-headings, and
- a conclusion?

3. Have I included a bibliography or list of references in which:

- I list all the sources to which I have referred,
- I provide full details according to the guidelines given in Tutorial
Letter DVAALLD/301, and
- the sources are listed alphabetically?

4. Have I used references to acknowledge all the sources I quoted?

5. Did I write in my own words to avoid plagiarism?

6. Have I checked to see whether all my sentences follow logically and

that my lecturer will be able to follow my argument?

7. Did I limit my assignment to the number of words or pages as

stipulated in the assignment question?

8. Have I written my full particulars on the assignment cover sheet?

9. Have I written the correct assignment number on the cover sheet?

10. Have I left enough time for my assignment to reach the University
before the closing date?

ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: _______________

STUDENT NUMBER: _______________

DATE: _______________

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