Reinforcement

By: Daniel Lorenzo Operario

Clinical Chemistry
 Which electrolytes are used in blood coagulation?
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium

A. 1
B. 123
C. 23
D. 34
A centrifuge of monolayers of cell used to spread
rapidly in special slide
Answer: Cytocentrifuge
What are enzymes?
A. All of the items
B.
C. Enzymes are isomers
D.
Fasting of lipids
A.15
B.
C. 12-15
D. 8-10
Maintains electroneutrality
Ans: chloride
Counter-ion of Na
Ans: chloride

Counter balance- potassium

Class of fire ordinary materials such as
wood, paper etc.

A. D
B. A
C. B
D. C
Involved for both calcium and phosphorus

A. Bone
B. Small intestine
C. Kidney
D.All of the above
 Which has the least value in assessing the
risk for coronary heart disease
A. Cholesterol
B. LDL
C. Triglyceride
D. HDL
5 am in the morning, the medtech was
asked to collect blood from PX
 Cortisol, CBC and PLT, FBS
 Which test does not require PX
preparation? Ans: CBC
 What is the order of patient draw?
 Lavender, Red, Gray
Trend

1. Technique
2. Reagents
3. Control sera
4. Instrument

Ans: 2,3,4
Which does NOT describe sodium
A. Reabsorption is controlled by
aldosterone
B. Excreted when exceeds in serum
C. Excreted even when it is depleted
D. Threshold substance
Moderate risk for CHD in mg/dl

Commonly: 30-39 >220

ALT belongs to
TRANSFERASES

OTHLIL
Blocked light is directly proportional to
the number of particles
A.Nephelometry
B. AAS
C. Fluorometry
D. Turbidimetry
Components of Bicarbonate Buffer System

1.Bicarbonate
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Carbonic acids
4. Water
ALL
Complication resulting from phlebotomy
A. Dermatologic
B. All of the choices
C. Cardiovascular
D. Neurologic
 Pseudohyponatremia, what test
 Choices:
-Osmolality (2Na+BUN/2.8+Glu/18)
-Anion Gap
 Serum of 1-3ml is added to 12 saline

What is the dilution:

What is the ratio of serum to saline?
 What is the ratio of saline to serum.
A. 3/15
B. 3/12
C. 12/3
D. 15/3
Obese- >30
Assay of creatinine that is simple, nonspecific
method:

A. Colorimetric: endpoint
B. Colorimetric: kinetic, jaffe
C. Enzymatic: UV
Degrees of hazards
No
SMS
EX
Increase ALP 5x

A.Pregnancy
B. Hepatitis
C. Cirrhosis
D. Bone Tumor
Needle gauge for children

C. 23
Which contains alcohol
A. Formaldehyde
B. Iodophor
C. Quaternary Ammonium
D. Phenol
Uric acid is caused by

C. Rapid metabolism of protein

A chronic renal failure is
A. Progressive
B. Irreversible
C. reversible
Produces hormones:
A. Anterior and posterior
pituitary
B. Anterior, posterior and
thryroid
C. Anterior and Hypothalamus
Example of alpha-1

A
B. a-1 antitrypsin
HDL is composed of

Ans: Apo A
Measurement of anion gap
includes,
1.sodium
2. potassium
3.Chloride
4. HCO3
Notes

No alcohol levels
No methods
No hormones
No drugs
More on electrolytes
No blood gas
Easiest
MICROBIOLOGY
Factor to consider when assessing the chance
to acquire an infection through needlestick
accident

"Concentration of pathogen in the blood"

 Weakly acid fast positive, aerial hyphae,
growth on water agar
A. Streptomyces
B.
 C. Nocardia
Used by physician to request laboratory test
A. Manual
B. Requisitions
C. Procedure
D. Completed Manual
Ectoparasite – infestation
set b _____ is a gram negative bacilli, oxidase +
sucrose +, “string” test
A. P shigelloides
B. V. Cholera
C. C. Jejuni
D. H pylori
Correct disposal:
A. Xylene- sink
B. Biohazardous material- decontam,
landfill
C. Mercury-burial
D. Strong acids- flushing
Example of ectoparasite

A. Strongy
B.ascaris
C.mosquito
Rapid grower except:
A. M. smegmatis
B. M. avium complex
C. M. fortuitum
D. M. chelonae
Candida Albicans is

A. yeast
 What test differentiates C. jejuni and H. pylori?
A.Indoxyl acetate hydrolysis
B.H2s
C. Hippurate Hydrolysis
D.Catalase
Spindle shaped oocyst

A. Chilomastix mesnilii
B.
C. Isospora belli
D.
Which does not characterize chlamydia
A. growth in most culture media
B. multiplication by binary fision
C. presence of DNA and RNA
D. presence of cell wall
Cause of unopened, sliced bacon,
packaged on plastic bags... spoilage
A.Shigella
B. Lactobacillus
Gardnerella vaginalis- clue cells
Considered as non rapid grower, potentially
pathologic

A. M. Smegmatis
B. M. Fortuitum chelonae
C. M. Chelonae
D. M. Avium
RESISTANT to kanamycin, Vancomycin,
Colistin

A. B. Fragilis
 Incorrectmatch
C .MSA- N. gonorheae
D.Loeffler- Corynebacterium
Choose the test that determines the
enzyme capability of bacteria -
A. carbohydrate fermentation
B.
C. hippurate hydrolysis
D.methyl red
Example of ectoparasite
A. Protozoan
B. Nematodes
C. Helminths
D. Mosquito
Baerman technique
A.
B.
C. Strongyloides
D.
Bacteria with slime

A. S. epidermidis
Too much Phenol

A. Red
B. Yellow
Stain used for detecting parasite

A. Modified Zhiel Neelsen

B. Trichome
C. Modified iron hematoxylin
 You have small amount of fecal specimen

A. Dfs
B. Kato-katz
C. Flotation
D. Sedimentation
Not true about FTA ABS
A. biochemical
B. Similar to Flow Cytometry
C. Rapid visualization of bacteria in
sample
D. Can not be automated
 Direct detection of Virus
A. isolation in cell culture
B.
C. EIA
 Which is "trenomal"test for sensitized
erythrocytes

A. VDRL
B.
C. MHPA
D. TPHA
 Why wait for wait for samples weeks
apart

D. Rise in antibody titer

 Causes vertical transmission and congenital

A. Enterobius vernicularis
B. Ascaris lumbricoides
C. Ancylastoma duodenale
D. Strongyloides stercoralis
 Ancyclostoma duodenale, the human
hookworm is the most common
parasitic infection for vertical
transmission during breastfeeding and
possibly the cause of transplacental
infection.
 Disinfection for sample collection of
fungal infection hair nails and skin

A.wash with NSS

B. wipe with dry gauze
 Which is true of fasciolacis

c. Parasites that cause intestinal

D. Found in liver and bile
 In a extra cellular media, DNAse inhibit
DNA

A. conjugation
B. phage transduction
C. General transformation
Case study: KVC resistant
Answer: Bacteriodes fragilis
 Sequening.....nucleotides....signal...fragments..

A. Dna probe
B. Sequencing...
C.Okazaki
D. Polymerase chain reaction
 Okazaki fragments are short sequences
of DNA nucleotides which are synthesized
discontinuously and later linked together by
the enzyme DNA ligase to create
the lagging strand during DNA replication
 Charges are applied and particles are
separated in agarose media

A. Western Blot
B. Elisa
No electrophoresis
 Lacks cell wall having "fried egg
appearance"
Ans: M. hominis
CLINICAL MICROSCOPY
 Used Routinely UA, EXCEPT
a. First Morning
b. Random
c. Suprapubic
d. 24hrs
 38.) Peak amount of amniotic fluid in 3rd
trimester.

A.) 700 mL
B.) 1000 mL (800-1200ml Stras)
C.) 500 mL
D.) 100 mL
 Dumbell crystals in alkaline urine
A.
B.
C. Calcium carbonate and CaOx
D.
 Compound increased in congenital erythro
porphyria

 A. Protoporphyrins
 Parietal cells produce HCL in response to
A. Gastrin
B.pepsin
C. Amylase
D. Lipase
 G cells produce Gastrin
 Due to Gastrin, Parietal cells produce
HCL
 Due to HCL, Chief cells >Pepsinogen is
converted to Pepsin
 Urine color in excessive phenol
A. Green
B. Blue
C. Red
D. Black
 polarized light is obtained by?
A.
B.
C.
D. 2 polarized filters
 Synovial fluid forms

C. strings of 4-6cm
 Glitter cells are seen in ...

A. hypertonic
B.hypotonic
C. high specific gravity
 Measurement of amniotic fluid bilirubin
A. Spectrophotometic analysis
B. DiaZo rxn (Urine Bilirubin)
C. Jaffe ( Creatinine)
D. Schlesinger test (Bile)
 RBC in dilute urine , not tested for more
than 2 hours
A. Dimorphic
B. Swollen
C.
D. Crenated
 MPS- blue
 Use of CTAB (Cetyl
trimethylammonium bromide)=

mucopolysaccharides
 Measure of which chemicals are most
helpful diagnosing renal dsx
A gluc, crea ratio
B alb, gluc
C gluc, ketones
D alb, crea ratio
 Granular cast

Ans: Degradation of cells inside a

protein matrix
Condition with High specific grav.
A. Diabetes milletus
B. Diabetes insipidus

 Both increased volume

 Causes False Negative NITRITE
reaction

- Nitrite to nitrogen gas

 Nucleus of sperm cells- head
 Round cell seen in sperm analysis.

A. Monocyte
B.
C. Neutrophil and Spermatid
D.
 Synovial fluid if milky usually contain?

A.
B. Crystal
C.
D.
 Tube for pleural fluid for micro

a. Tube 1
b. Tube 2
c . any
d. tube 3
 Reading of Turbidimetry

A. After centrifugation
C. Before centrifugation
 Which does not refer to Bence Jones

A. Precipitate at 40-60
B. Dissolves at 100
C. Coagulates at 60 and higher
D. Determined by electrophoresis
Best microscope for casts
A. phase contrast
B. Light
 Pre eclampsia for pregnant women

A. Proteinuria
C. Hemathuria

Preeclampsia- High BP and High CHON

 Grading of protein SSA with
description “turbidity without
granulation and flocculation”

 1+
 Preserve synovial fluid

B. Saline Solution
C. Sodium Bicarbonate
 Set B. 74. Downward position
 Least affected by urine standard

A. Albumin
 How do you instruct to collect 24 hour urine

A. Discard the first voided urine and collect all

thereafter until the next morning after waking
up
B. Include the first morning urine
C. 8 am-9 am
D. Discard both morning today and tomorrow
 Can cause false neg nitrite:
A. Sulfonamides
B. p-aminosalicylic acid
C. Formalin

Ans. Formalin
HEMATOLOGY
Isolation for burn patients:
Complete
Respiratory
Entero
Reverse
 Gold standard for testing contact
dermatitis
A. Immunochromatography
B. Latex agglutination
C. Patch test
D. Mantoux test
 Using sodium citrate, ratio of
anticoagulant to blood
Answer: 1:9
 Referred as Giant platelet
A. Bernard soulier
B. WAS
C. May-heglin
D.
 Considered as the pre-analytical quality assurance of
specimen transport and delivery:

1 Correct temp
2 Timely
3 Intact and Sealed
4 Centrifuged and Separated (Analytic)

A. 2, 3
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 3, 4
 What test is used to monitor
thrombocytopenia

A. Thrombin time
B. Platelet count
C. PT
D. aPTT
Inclusion bodies composed of
denatured hemoglobin.
A. Howell jolly
B. Hb crystals
C. Heinz
D. Pappenheimer
 Platelet cover
A.
B.glycoprotein
C.glycocalyx
D
 Giant platelet syndrome:
A. WAS
B. May hegglin
C. Bernard Soulier
D.
 2nd step in phagocytosis
A. Attachment
 B. Ingestion
C. formation of extracellular traps
D. Killing and digestion
 Anatomical area of platelet where ATP
synthesis and

A. Peripheral
B. Sol gel
C. Membrane
D. Organelle
 Cell involved in innate/natural
immunity:
A. Treg
B. NK cell
C. T cell
D. B cell
Rpm of capillary tube
A. 10,000-12,000
B.10,000-15,000
 Both Rodak and Steininger stages
Major Tip

 Dinglasan Notes!!
ISBB
 Virus that cause aplastic anemia:

 Choices: cmv, parvo, hcv, htlv-2

 HDR8 - Celiac disease and myasthenia gravis
 Prepared blood units used for patient having an
open heart surgery
A. Preserved in CPDA 1
B. Preserved in ACD
C. Heparinized
D. Irradiated
 A tumor marker that helps to distinguish non bacterial
and bacterial infection
A. CYFRA
B. PROCALCITONIN
C. CEA
D. AFP
 Gold standard for testing contact dermatitis A.
Immunochromatography B. Latex agglutination C. Patch
test D. Mantoux test
 What is febrile antibody?
 Using anti-A and anti-B how many phenotypes can
you yield

A.6
B.3
C.4
D.5
 41. Antibodies associated with Rheumatoid
Arthritis

A. Anti-DNA
B. Anti-mitochondrial
C. Anti-myelin
D. Rheumatoid Factor
 Fragments of replicated DNA
A. Histone
B. Nucleotides
C.Okazaki
 Why CRP, a-1 antitrypsin are group together?
A.
B. Acute phase proteins
C. Increase in malignancy ( not sure)
D.
 Proponent of Lectin Pathway:
A. Ulex europeus
B. Dolichus biflorus
C.
D. Mannan binding
 Preservative/anticoagulant discovered in 1943
Ans: ACD
 MHC is associated with
A. Inflammatory disorders
B. Anaphylactic shock
C. Parasitic
D. Autoimmune diseases
 Initiator or part of mannose lectin pathway

A. Ulex europaeus
B. Bandeiraea simplicifolia
C . Dolichos biflorus
D. Mannan binding
 1% Northern europe common in
Mennonite
A.
B. Sm
C. Sc4
D. Sc2
 Gel Tech time of centri choices:
A.5 min
B.10 min
C. 2 min
D. 60 seconds
 Pooled platelet requires how many
bags to equate plateletpheresis

A. 6-8
B.8-10
C. 3-4
 TORCH is described as

A. sexually transmitted dse

B. utero
 Bacteria that doesn’t have toxin

A. salmonella
B. vibrio
C. E. Coli
D. N. gonnorhae
 Enzyme used to produce fab and fc
fragment

A.pepsin
B.trypsin
C.papain
 Pain in the site of needle (transfusion) with
low blood pressure indicates

A. IHTR
B. DHTR
C. TA GVHD
 HCV viral load is for

A. to determine whether infection is acute or

chronic
B. to monitor the anti viral medication
 DOH requires blood banks to have
voluntary blood donation by

A. 50%
B. 70%
C. 90%
Gold standard for paternity
testing

-HLA
-DNA
 Drug test is valid until ___.

A.3 months
B. 6 months
C. 1 year
 Gel tech reading for "0“
 Small clots was observed in the blood bag. Which
is an appropriate thing to do

A. Note to filter blood bag before transfusion

B. remove blood bag from ref
 Most common cause of HDFN

- anti-A
-Anti-D
 Treatment for ABO HDFN

A. intrauterine transfusion
B. suprapubic
C. photo therapy
 If plasma concentrate isn't preserved or
frozen what is an acceptable action

A.valid for 1 year if frozen within 1 week

B.valid for 5 years if frozen within 1 week
 Deferal questions

Requires permanent deferal

-past drug abuser
-Growth hormone therapy
-patient taking insulin

A. 1 2 3 B. 2 3 C. 2
 situational: (maria lives from palawan and
wanted to donate blood deferred for how
many months?). ANS: 3 years
 Antibodies:

Crosses placenta : IgG

Work of IgA : patrol the mucousal

membranes to remove toxin
 Both mother and father is heterozygous B. What
is the possible blood type of their offspring

-BB , B
-B
-BB,O
-O
 Bombay phenotype

Ans. hh
 How is Bombay and Parabombay
different?

 Bombay and Parabombay are

almost the same except that
there is normal ABHexpression
in secretions and boy fluids for
Parabombay.
 Latest use of monoclonal antibodies

A.rabies
B. hepatitis
C. treatment for certain cancer
 Malaria endemic country (defferal)

Ans. : 3 months
 Not screened sa blood bag.
 Choices:
 Hepa B
 Hepa C
 CMV
 Malaria
3. certificate of profiency on the wall
 disadvantage of automation- knowledge gap
 PTAH
 Mallory
 Not a cartilage
 Certificate of undertaking
 Situational:
Ben has certain sexual behaviour. What will
you do
A. Tell his father
B. Ben need sex education
C.
 How to prepare formalin
 what is biopsy
 Kill all sterilization
 hypotonic-swelling
 increase temperature- fixation
 faults
What is biopsy
 an examination of tissue
removed from a living body to
discover the presence, cause,
or extent of a disease.
 You are a new medtech. There is leak what will
you not do
Call plumber
Call engineering
Soak with mop
Call chairman
harris hematoxylin
 PTAH mallory
 DNA replication stage
 Synthesis
 She is assigned in the mountains. She can
not renew her CPD.

 A. Ask for excuse

 B. She does not need to
 C. File for undertaking