Collins

Fiona Aish, Jane Short Rhona Snelling, Jo Tomlinson, Els Van Geyte

Pre-intermediate to Intermediate
IEILJS Band 3.5-4.5

~
NHA XUAT BAN TdNG HQP
THANH PHO HO CHI MINH

NTV
CongtyTNHH
Nhan Tri Vi~t
Get Ready for IELTS 80- 100 hours
of materials
Written by a team of experienced IELTS tutors, Get Ready for IELTS IELTS level: 3.5+
is a new exam preparation course specially designed to take . CEF level: A2+
pre- intermediate students up to intermediate level so that they are
ready for their IELTS preparation course.

Get Ready for IELTS' innovative flipped learning approach, in which students do pre-class
preparation, maximises the effectiveness of time spent in class ensuring teachers and
students are able to fo.cus on key skills development and exam strategies in the classroom.
The course contains approximately 40-50 hours of classroom material, with an additional
50 hours of material that can be offered as homework, or for consolidation or extension in
class. This additional material provides a high degree of flexibility for all classroom situations.

This Workbook contains:

• Twelve units of engaging material to help students improve their language skills
• Exam tips and Exam information boxes
• IELTS-style practice questions
• A Grammar Guide providing clear explanations of key points

Use th e COBUILD Learner's Dictionary at

www.collinsdictionary.com/cobuild

Ph6t h6nh tQ i ISBN :978- 604-58-5307- 8 I

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Workbook
Pre- intermediate to Intermediate
IELTS Band 3.5- 4.5

Fiona Aish
Jane Short
Rhona Snelling
Jo Tomlinson
Els Van Geyte

~
CongtyTNHH NHA xu!r BAN r6NG HqP
Nhan Tri Vi~t THANH PH6 H!l
CHI MINH
Photograph Acknowledgments:
All photos from Shutterstock

p4: Rido; p8: India Picture; p8: anekoho; p8: Andresr; p10: www.BillionPhotos.com; p10: Paul Vasarhelyi; p10: Zurijeta;
p1 0: Ozgur Coskun; p1 0: JPMediaProductions; p1 0: Nodokthr; p11: Repina Valeriya; p11: Samuel Borges Photography;
p12: Eugenio Marongiu; p12: Joao Seabra; p12: Dragon Images; p12: Ollyy; p12: George Dolgikh; p12: 1970s; p13:
auremar; p13: Tanya Uralova; p13: Maridav; p13: mimagephotography; p15: Pressmaster; p15: Ruslan Guzov; p15: Syda
Productions; p15: wavebreakmedia; p17: JCREATION; p17: Blend Images; p17: Mikael Damkier; p17: manaemedia;
p19: Dragon Images; p19: Geoffrey Kuchera; p19: Melodia plus photos; p21: Celso Diniz; p21: SurangaSL; p21: Elena
Elisseeva; p21: Alex Yeung; p23: Sophy Ru; p23: Marina Burrascano; p23: Elnur; p23: Martchan; p24: Pablo Scapinachis;
p24: Semmick Photo; p24: Popova Valeriya; p24: Volt Collection; p26: Paul Cowan; p26: zhu difeng; p26: Image Point Fr;
p28: SFC; p28: Pavel L Photo and Video; p28: zhu difeng; p28: Racheal Grazias; p28: hans engbers; p28: Paul Matthew
Photography; p30: muharremz; p30: daseaford; p30: wavebreakmedia; p30: Monkey Business Images; p32: Ditty about
summer; p32: lnga lvanova; p32: Pies-xi; p32: Konstantin L; p34: Stocklite; p35: Maridav; p35: MIKHAIL GRACHIKOV;
p35: urbanbuzz; p35: aga7ta; p35: Ditty_about_summer; p35: Stanislav Ratushnyi; p37: Luckylmages; p37: Crystal Home;
p37: RTimages; p37: Pressmaster; p39: sdecoret; p39: Photographee.eu; p44: Dabarti CGI; p44: Denys Prykhodov; p44:
bikeriderlondon; p44: Alex Mit; p48: Galyna Andrushko; p48: Pikoso.kz; p48: hessbeck; p48: stocker1 970; p50: gualtiero
boffi; p50: wavebreakmedia; p50: Zurijeta; p50: Goodluz; p56: Oleksiy Mark; p56: CLS Design; p56: wavebreakmedia;
p56: Ollyy; p58: Toranico; p58: auremar; p58: Pressmaster; p58: Studio10Artur; p60: Goodluz; p60: michaeljung; p60:
Nicolaas Weber; p60: wavebreakmedia; p64: manzrussali; p66: Max Topchii; p66: kaczor60; p66: Alexander lshchenko;
p66: Judex; p72: XXLPhoto; p72: PRILL; p72: PhotoSky; p72: Riccardo Piccinini; p75: NRT; p75: Skylines; p75: Serg64;
p75: Gyorgy Barna; p76: Ollyy; p76: Monkey Business Images; p76: wavebreakmedia; p76: wong yu liang; p79: Tribalium;
p79: C-You; p79: imaged.com; p79: MrGarry; p80: Aila Images; p80: Rob Hainer; p80: lngvar Bjork; p80: Monkey
Business Images; p84: ambrozino; p84: gpointstudio; p84: Capricorn Studio; p84: carroteater; p86: Tyler Olson; p86:
ZouZou; p86: Tom Wang; p86: Valeriy Lebedev; p88: Robert Kneschke; p88: Minerva Studio; p88: vlad.georgescu; p88:
Rido; p90: Monkey Business Images; p90: Minerva Studio; p90: LuckyPhoto; p90: Albert Pego; p91: mekCar; p91:
Bloomua; p91: Sandra Cunningham; p91: anatolypareev; p94: michaeljung; p95: Viacheslav Nikolaenko; p95: Frank11;
p95: jason cox

Collins Get Ready for IELTS - Workbook

Pre-intermediate to Intermediate IELTS Band 3.5-4.5

Copyright © 2016 by HarperCollins Publishers

Vietnam's edition © 2016 by Nhan Tri Viet Co., Ltd.

This edition is published in Vietnam under a license Agreement between HarperCollins Publishers Limited
and Nhan Tri Viet Co., Ltd.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owners.
 1 Family 4
2 Leisure 12
3 Different cultures 19
4 Places to live 26
5 Arts and media 34
6 The natural world 42
7 Education 50
8 Work 58
9 Holidays and travel 66
10 Health 75
11 Taking responsibility 82
12 Money 90

Answer key 97
Punctuation guide 106
Pronunciation guide 112
Audioscripts 113
 Bill Pat
I
Anna Simon

~ Clare Jon

IJ Look at Andrew's family tree. Complete the sentences with the words below.

brothers daughter grandparents husband mother parents sister sons wife

1 Clare is Andrew's .. . .. ...... .. . .. . . ......

2 Andrew and Jon are Clare's
3 Andrew's .. .. . . .. . . .. .... ... . .... . are called Simon and Anna.
4 Anna is Andrew's .. .. .. .... .. .. ... . . and Simon's
5 Simon and Anna have three children - one .................. . ...... and two
6 Pat and Bill are Andrew's . ...... .......... .. . ... .· Bill is Pat's

fJ Read and complete the text about Andrew's family.

My name's Andrew. I've got one (1) .. Watch Out!

Her name's Clare. I've got one (2)
Use the contraction 's in spoken English.
His name's Jon. He's a student. My (3) .... . ........... ........ .... ... 's
Myname 'sAndrew. ~
name is Anna and she's a teacher. My (4) ... ... ... .... . 's
name is Simon and he's a doctor.

IJ Rewrite the text in Exercise 2 to describe your family.

A-liJ Listen and repeat each word. The words below use the phonetic alphabet symbols. This shows you
how to pronounce the words. Can you pronounce the/(}/ sound?
brother /'br/\oa/ father /'fu:oa/ grandfather /'groondfu:oa/

W IJ .Listen and repeat each word. Then listen again and write the words.
/'br/\oa/ .... ........ . ........ ..... /'m/\oa/ ......... ......... /'groondm/\oa/ .
 Vocabulary: Describing people

IJ Find nine personality adjectives below. Use your dictionary to help you. Which adjective describes you?

fl Complete the descriptions with personality Speaker 2:

adjectives from Exercise 6.
Speaker 3:
1 My mother understands new things quickly.
She's very ... ..... ..... ... .
2 My father is very .. M fJ Listen again. Complete the sentences with
He tells me what to do every day. the words you hear.
3 I'm .. ... . ..... . . . . .. .. . .. . because I
Speaker 1 : She .... like her
believe in my ability. For example, I'm good
sister. They've both got curly hair.
at speaking English!
Speaker 2: I don't have any ...
4 My sister is never angry or worried.
or sisters. I'm an only child.
She's always .
5 My brother is . . Speaker 3 : But their son is really funny! He's my
He enjoys meeting people. . . . . ........ .. .................. cousin .
He's ..... .... ....... .. . ..... ................ ... . .. . too .
He always makes people laugh. fiD Describe someone in your family. Use
personality adjectives and include extra
A ·JiJ Listen to three people describing someone information.
in their family. Write the personality
adjectives that each speaker uses.

Speaker 1:

Read Anthony's answer to a question about his family.

Watch Out!
Listen and complete the sentences with the words
you hear. look like = have the same appearance
/look like my mother.
My family? Well, we 're a big family, actually. (1)
He looks like his father.
house is large! I've got five brothers. (2) names
are Carlos, Gino, Luca, Alex and Marco. Carlos is 14 and They look like their father.
he's the youngest. He's good-looking and very funny. Marco
is 27 and he's the oldest. (3) ...... ... .... wife teaches at my
college. (4) .. . .. name is Maria.

My mother is an only child, so (5) .. . ... family is very

small. But (6) ........ .. father is from a big family. He has
three brothers. He looks like his brother, my uncle Georgia .
They are both bossy but kind. My uncle has four children
and one cat. (7) .. .. .... name is Lola.

Tell me about (8) .. . ..... ..... family.

m Complete the table.

you he it they

my her our

m Answer the questions. Write full sentences. fiiJ Add one more sentence to your answers in
Exercise 13.
1 Do you have any brothers or sisters?
What are their names? Example: 1 Yes, I have two sisters. Their names
Example: Yes, I have two sisters. are Ela and Liz. Ela looks like my mother and
Their names are Ela and Liz. they are both very kind.

2 What is your father's name?

3 Who do you look like in your family?
m How would you describe your family?
Record your answer.
What is his/her name?
4 Have you got a pet? What is its name?
5 Who makes you laugh in your fam ily?
6 Is someone in your family bossy?

1 2

• Progress has been made for

Project background
• Disparities reduced but Literature review
Experiments & Methods

3 4

~----- - ------- - -----~

: Click to add title '
'--1- --
- - ----
----------
- - - - --------
----- -- 1

'' ''
: Click to add subtitle :
-- ------ --- ---------
 IJ The pictures on page 6 show four different stages in organizing a slide presentation. Match the
stages below with each image.

a
b
c
d

Word stress

Pt. fJ Listen to the words below and underline the part that is stressed in each one. The first one has been
done for you.

1 introduce introduction
2 presentation present (v) present (n)
3 suggest suggestion
4 project (v) project (n) projector
5 inform information
6 explain explanation

~- ~~ Listen to a short conversation and underline the word you hear in each pair of words below. You will
hear them in the same order.
4 project (v) I project (n)
1 introduce I introduction
5 inform I information
2 suggest I suggestion
6 explain I explanation
3 present (v) I present (n)

Vocabulary groups

liJ It is useful to sort words into vocabulary groups when they refer to the same kind of information, e.g.
female - woman - lady - mother. Write the words that have a similar meaning in the correct group.

area bad points benefits eftaft cons dangers

good points graph icon image issue photograph
plan pros table theme topic

( chart
diagram: • H • H • • H. q HH )

(~-------·· __ _________)
picture: . ..... .... ...

(~-------· -
subject:· · · · · ·_
· · · · · --· · · ·- · .. _____)
····· _ ···

(~------------------)
advantages:

( disadvantages:

Un it 1 • Family
IJ The photos show three different types of family. Match the photos with the words.

1 single-parent fam ily .... 2 extended family ... 3 nuclear fami ly ..

fJ Complete the three descriptions with a family type from Exercise 1.

A Greg

.~ .

.B·· B~njy

Watch Out!
Don't waste too much time on un~nown words in texts: sometimes you don't need them. When it is useful,
try to guess the meaning from the context and make a note of it so you can check it in a dictionary.
IJ Match the words 1-12 with the definitions a-1.

1 husband a two people w ho are married or in a romantic relation sh ip

2 wife b a woman who marries one's father after the death of one's mother or after
one's parents divorce
3 sibling c a marriage arranged by the parents of the bride and groom
4 stepmother d a relative by marriage
5 divorcee e a person who is divorced

6 in-law f the male partner in a marriage

7 household g a woman whose husband has died I a man whose wife has died

8 couple h all the people of approximately the same age, regarded as a group
9 arranged marriage a religious or legal ceremony where two people get married
10 wedding j the female partner in a marriage
11 widow (fj I widower (m) k the people who live together in a house
12 generation a person's brother or sister

IJ Decide if the words below refer to females, males or both.

brother divorcee husband mother-in-law parent

sibling son-in-law stepchild widow w ife

brother

IJ Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1 Our neighbour, Mr James, is a husband I divorcee I widower. His w ife died three months ago.
2 I married my husband I sibling I son in 2013 .
3 Mhairi and James are the young widows I generations I couple who live in the apartment downstairs.
4 There are four people in the couple I marriage I household: Mr and Mrs Jones and their two children,
Alan and Jenny.
5 Mo and Raziye had a tidy I an ordered I an arranged marriage .
6 'How many stepchildren I siblings I parents have you got?' 'I've got two older sisters and a younger brother.'
7 'Do you get on with your step-parents I parents I parents-in -law?' 'Yes, my wife's mum and dad are really nice.'
8 Stephan and Ana are my in-laws I stepchildren I siblings. They're my wife's children from her first marriage.
 Family and society

IJ Complete the sentences about the family tree by putting the letters in bold in the correct order to
form the missing words.

1 Jon's o e r m h t is Susan.
2 Jon and Rachel's on s ....... ... .. .... . .. .... .. ... . .. . . ...... . is Jason .
3 Jon and Rachel's u g r e d a h t . .. . .. ...... .......... .. . .. is Polly.
4 Polly and Jason's t e r f h a .. . ......... is Jon.
5 Polly and Jason's e r r a m g o t n d h . . .. is Susan.
6 Rachel's om e t r h- n i- a w I .. . ............... is Susan.
7 Howard and Susan's n g n o s a r d .... ............. . .. . . .... . . .... . is Jason.
8 Jason and Polly's r n s p e a t .. . .... .. . . . ........ are Rachel and Jon.

- Unit 1 • Family
fJ Read the speech bubbles. Then complete the gaps below with the words in bold.

My name is Clare and I'm 15 years old. I go to school

and this year I will have my first exams. I want to be a
doctor, .but it's difficult to get a place at university, so I
mustn't fail my exams. To be a doctor, I must have a lot
of qualifications, but I don't need to be very good at art
or languages, just science.

I'm Clare's mother, Molly, Clare wants to be a doctor when

she's older. I think she needs to study hard for this. She
plays on her computer quite a lot, which she shouldn't
do. I think she should study more: She's Clever. I think
she might be a doctor.

1 will ... .. - used to talk about something expected in the future

2 ......... I have to I need to - used to say that something is necessary
3 ... - used to say something is a good idea
4 .................. . ............ -used to say something isn't a good idea
5 .. .. .. ....... .. .......................... -used to say it isn't necessary to do something
6 ............... ........................... I can I could - used to say that something is possible
7 wt!A.Sht't ........... -used to say that something isn't allowed

fJ Rewrite the sentences using the correct modal and semi-modal verbs in Exercise 2.

1 It is a good idea for children to respect their parents .

.(:-hil0r~~ . sh~IA:l0x:~spec,ttheir..pt:tr~~:~t.s., ...

2 I plan to go to university in the future.
3 It is not a good idea for parents to smoke near their children.
4 It is possible that children will have lessons on the Internet in the future .
5 It is necessary for all children to learn basic skills like maths and reading.

liJ Use modal and semi-modal verbs to give your opinions about events in the future. Should, shouldn't,
can, might and could are less definite than will, need to, must and have to. Compare:

'Your father will punish you if you don't eat your food,' Fiona's mother said. (=a definite future action)
'You should punish children who disobey their parents,' said George. (= a suggestion)
'Your mum might punish you if you get home late,' Anna told her friend. (= a possibility)

Rewrite the sentences to make them less definite.

1 Children who do not study will fai l their exams. (-+ a possibility)
2 University must prepare people for good jobs. (-+ a suggestion)
3 Children need to follow their parents' advice. (-+ a suggestion)

Unit 1 • Family -
 Hobbies, sports and interests

IJ Look at the pictures. Copy and complete the table with the numbers of the pictures and the names
of the activities.

Read the vocabulary note and check your answers.

Vocabulary note
A hobby is an activity you do for pleasure in your spare Watch Out!
time. It often involves doing something with your hands or
Think about word groups when you do a
collecting something . For example, painting and collecting
listening exercise. If you know that a word
stamps are hobbies. belongs to a group of words, it is easier to
A sport is a game that involves physical activity. predict what you are going to hear in the
_recording. For example, if you know that stamp
An interest is something you enjoy doing. It may be a collecting is a hobby, you will be ready to listen
hobby or a sport, but not always. For example, going to _forotherwordsconnectedwith hobbies._
the cinema is an interest, but it is not a hobby or a sport.

fJ Put the words below in the correct column. Remember: hobbies and sports are interests, but not all
interests are hobbies or sports.

cooking football gardening going to art galleries listening to music

painting playing chess running swimming travelling

- · Unit 2 • Leisure
 stamp collecfLVI~

n.s You will hear some people talking about

what they are planning to do in their free
liJ Complete the sentences with the correct
word, to, too or two.
time. Write the activity next to the speaker
1 Michael wants . . . .......... go travelling
in each conversation. Check that your
on vacation .
spelling is correct.
2 Jeremy has . ... . . ....... much work to do.
Conversation A
3 Annie has ............ ....... .... sisters in Germany.
Speaker 1: . ~.WLI:l'\J:I'1.Lv.t~
4 Edward is .... .. . .... . ..... lazy to study for his
Speaker 2: .Y:~IIt.llt.Lv.t~
exams.

Conversation 8 5 Elizabeth would like to go ..................... .

Speaker 1: Paris for the summer.
Speaker 2: 6 Faizal is planning ... .. ... ... ..... .... ....... vacations
this year.
Conversation C
Speaker 1: Watch Out!
Speaker 2: . Spelling is important in the Listening test.
Remember that some words sound the same
Conversation D but are written differently, for example to,
Speaker 1: . too and two. When you hear these words,
Speaker 2: .. ................ ..... .... ... ......................... . you will have to think about which one is
grammatically possible.

IJ Match the photos A-D with four of the activities below.

chatting online going shopping jogging listening to music

playing video games playing tennis reading magazines watching a film
 fJ Complete the table with the nouns below. B What do you think about the activities in
How many activities can you make? Exercises 1 and 2? Write each activity next
to an adjective. Can you add any more
activities?
a DVD exerci se footbal l for walks
nothing tenni s to the gym 1V 1 boring oloLVl~ V!othLV\3
2 relaxing . .
doing 3 interesting ... .
going 4 exciting

playing fiJ Write sentences for each activity in

watching Exercises 1 and 2. Use /like ... II don't
like ... and an adjective from Exercise 3.

Example: I don't like p laying computer games.

I think it 's very boring.

(0-. IJ Listen to three people answering the question 'What do you like doing in your free time?'. What does
each speaker enjoy doing? Complete the table with the activities below.

doing nothing going for walks going shopping

playing computer games reading magazines using the Internet

~.o~.SLV18 the IVIterVIet

.~ IJ Listen to extracts from the answers in Watch Out!

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences with
the phrases below.

I don't like I love I prefer I really like

It depends My favourite thing

1 .. .............. ................ using the Internet.

2 . . . .. .. ... ...... .. ......... .... ........ .. .. . .. chatting online
fl Write a short answer to the question 'What
do you like doing?'. Use the phrases from
with him . Exercise 6 to help you.
3
to doing exercise.
4 .. .. .... going to the gym .
5 . Sometimes I
like going for walks.
6 .............. ... .... .... is going shopping.
Grammar: Present simple

IJ Read the rule and look at the table. Use the 3 Tell me about something you like doing.
information to choose the correct answer, a I liking go to museums. It's very
a orb, to questions 1-5. interesting .
• Use the present simple to make general b I like going to museums. It's very relaxing.
statements about your life. 4 Do you do any exercise?
a Yes, I go to the gym every morning at 6 a.m.
b Yes, I going to the gym every morning
like don't like at 6 a.m.
You like don't like 5 Do you like reading newspapers?

He I She I It likes doesn't like a It depends. Sometimes I read the

newspapers on Saturdays.
We I You I like don't like
b It depends. Sometimes I liking the
They
newspapers on Saturdays.

1 Does your best friend play tennis? fJ Answer the questions in Exercise 8 about
a No, he doesn't play tennis, but he likes you.
playing computer games.
b No, he not play tennis, but he likes playing Watch Out!
computer games.
on + day: on Saturdays
2 Do you watch DVDs? at + time: at 6 a.m.
a Yes . I likes watch DVDs at the weekend. at+ the weekend : at the weekend
But I don't like watching TV. Use every to say how often you do
b Yes. I like watching DVDs at the weekend. something : every morning
But I don't like watching TV.

IJ What do we need friends for? Match the words with the pictures. The first one has been done for you.

( _ _c_h_at_ti_n_
g _____h_a_v_in_g_fu
_n_ _ _ _ _P_a_rt_yi_n_
g _____s_h_a_ri_ng_ ___.)

1 pt~..yjy.i.l18
0 0 H .. . .... . .
3
2 4
fJ Words ending in -ing are often at the 4 Even on bad days, being with my best friend
beginning and at the end of sentences. means .....
Complete the sentences with words from
Exercise 1. Watch Out!
1 It is difficult for young children, but they Some verbs have similar meanings, but they
have to learn that friendship is about are not always interchangeable; it depends
on the context. For example, we spend time
with friends, or more formally, we socialize
2 ... .. . ......... with friends is
with them, and even more informally, we
not something I do very often, but we always
hang out with them .
celebrate our birthdays.
3 . . ...... ......... . with friends
is one of my favourite ways to spend an
afternoon . We have so much to say that we
often talk for hours.

IJ Which nouns go with which verbs? Copy and complete the table. Then answer the questions below.

basketball boardgames cards chess dancing exercise hiking karate kickboxing

puzzles shopping skiing snakes and ladders sports swimming tennis weightlifting yoga

~1J-, .~ • ~ • ~ : , ?,[ • !:, ~ , ·,~ ~. ~·. c~~J~,~>·~· f.:~:· :;:----;rr.-;·

-- Play"----~"-.·- --····-··"'t''"";"';"i'""""'""'~r)jj
' • ,._ t ,,.;r ~ ~

basketball

1 Which verb do you use most with activities ending in -ing?

2 Which verb do you use most for competitive games?
3 Which verb do you use most for other recreational activities?

IJ Read about how these people have fun. Underline the words that refer to activities and circle the
words that refer to places. Don't use a dictionary yet.

out wi'th ·my friends f:i(

the@orin the piayground
in thel~cal woo_ds. I! it rains,
I like to go to see a film with
my fri~n~s ,
IJ Find words in the texts in Exercise 4 that have the meanings below.

1 ... . . .. : a large place where you can buy many different things
2 ... .. ..... .... ...... . .. . . : a person who is no longer a child
3 . : a place where you can stay in a caravan or a tent
4 : a meal in the open air
5 ... . ........ ... .. : outdoor parties where people cook and eat food
6 ... ..... .. .... ........ . :games in which you have to answer questions

IJ Look at the pictures of hobbies. Then complete the sentences with a verb + noun.
-
Gabrielle: I have lots of hobbies. Every weekend I (1) . . pl~yEJdf . ... with my father. There's a club
nearby, so we go there. It's really good fun, but it's much better being on the course if the weather is nice and
sunny. My father is a better player than me. I usually take four or five shots to get the ball in the hole. In the
evenings I (2) .. .. ... . . . .. .. . .. ... ... a lot. I especially like dramas and reality shows.

Tuan: I like sports quite a lot. I (3) . . ..... ...... three times a week! There's a pool near my house, so
I usually go there before school. I really love it! I also (4) .. . .. .... ......... a lot. My favourite singers are
Justin Bieber and Miley Cyrus. I use my headphones at home because my mother doesn't like the loud noise!

fJ Put the hobbies below in the correct column. (Some hobbies may be used with more than one verb.)

computer games football golf gymnastics horse riding karate shopping

skating sports swimming the guitar the violin TV yoga
IJ We use the present simple to describe repeated or regular activities.

I play (present simple) football (activity} every week.

We also use the present simple to talk about things we like I don't like /love I hate. These verbs can
be followed by another verb in the -ing form.

!like (like verb) going (-ing form) swimming.

Complete the text using the present simple tense or the -ing form. You may need to make some
verbs negative in your answer.

I asked all the people in my class about their hobbies and this is what I found out. Most people in the class
like (1) pl~,~,.)'~l':l~ ........... tennis. Julia and Pamela (2) ..
. ......... tennis four times a week, and Peter
(3) ..... H tennis three times a week. Over half my class (4) ...
• • • tennis every week. Brian H. H • ••• H •• H •• H H.

does not like (5) ..... ..... .. ............ tennis. He never plays! The most popular hobby is playing computer games.
Nearly everyone (6) computer games. Four people (7) .. ... ... ..... .. .. computer games every
H···· • • • HHH ....

day. Only Ellen (8) . . computer games. She thinks they are boring. Half of my class like playing
H • .. ••••

football. John and Paul (9) . H . football every day, and Arnold (10) .................... .. ... football four times
..H •

a week. Two girls (11 ) H .. • •• • • •• football.

every day every day x2 a week

x2 a week x3 a week x2 a week Never! x4 a week x4 a week

every day every day every day x2 a week x3 a week Never! x2 a week every day

x3 a week every day

IJ There are many different words to describe quantity. Put the words below in the correct order from 0
(the smallest amount) to 100 (the largest amount).

(, _______a_l_o_
t o_f______a#
_______f_e_
w______n_o______n_o_t _m_a_n_
Y______n_o_t _m_u_c_h______s_o_m_e______ ~)
0 all 100

IJ Look at the information in the table in Exercise 3 and complete the sentences with the correct
quantity words.

1 . A loto.f . ......... boys like footbal l.

2 .......... ....... .. H.... . . . the students have at least one hobby.
3 ..... .... ................ ..... ..... boys like swimming .
4 • . . . . . . . . . •••••• .... .. . . . .. H .. • • • students play tennis.
5 ......... . . ... H H. students go swimming.
Unit 3

, .~

• A

IJ Look at the photos of celebrations. Which of the things below can you see?

balloons cake cards carnival costume family

fireworks friends parade presents traditional food

f,J Complete the descriptions of celebrations

parade watch
( fireworks wear )
with the words below.
New Year is a very special occasion . There 's
( family give make presents )
a (5) .. ....... .. .. ... ... .... .. through the streets
In my country, we celebrate name days.
and people (6) ..... . . .. . ... .. . . beautiful
costumes. We (7) .. . . . .. . .. .. ..... the
We (1) .............. ...... cards and
parade and we celebrate the start of a new
(2) ....... ......... ................... .. traditional food .
year with (8) .. . ..... ... ......
I enjoy visiting my (3) .... .... ... ..... .. .. .... .. . ....
on my name day and I love receiving
(4)

M ;I J Read the description of Steven's trip. Put Last year I travelled to Rio and visited my cousin
a-t in gaps 1-6. Then listen and check. and his family. (1) ................. We went to my
cousin's house and we had a delicious traditional
a It was a special trip for me because
meal. After we ate dinner, (2) .. .....
b but it wasn't very nice.
When we saw the carnival, (3) ..
c it was very exciting! We danced and sang. We watched the
d My best friend went too . parade. It was fun, but we were very tired.

e Then we visited another city (4) .. . . . . .. and stayed at a famous hotel,

(5) .. . . ..... · We stayed for two days; then
f we walked to the city centre.
we went home. (6) ... .... ..... 1travelled
without my parents for the first time.
 IJ Look at the bold words in Exercise 3. Then 3 I got a present from my parents. I got a
choose the correct word to complete the present from my brother after I too.
sentences. 4 After I When the graduation ceremony, my
1 I enjoyed the parade and the carnival, but I family met my friends from university.
because I was very tired. 5 I didn't enjoy the trip too I because I don't
2 We went to a local restaurant for lunch and like travelling by bus .
then I but we went to visit some friends. 6 When I But the fireworks started, we were
very excited.

lfJ Read the rules and look at the table. Write the past simple form of the irregular verbs below.
Use your dictionary to help you.

• Use the past simple for past actions that are finished.
• For regular verbs, add -d or -ed.
• For irregular verbs, learn the different forms.
• For the verb be, learn the different forms for/, you, he, she, it, we and they.

Regular verbs dance danced didn't dance

Irregular verbs sing sang didn't sing

The verb be be was/were wasn't I weren't

1 eat .. . 3. make 5 wear

2 give .. 4 meet .. ........ .. ........ 6 see .. ... .... ...............

IJ Complete the sentences with the words

below. 3 People wore colourful costumes. It
.......................... an exciting day!
danced didn't stay graduated
4 We watched the parade. We sang and
was went were
... ....... ...... ......... to the music.

1 I wasn't at the carnival. I .. ........... . .. ...... .. to 5 I stayed with my friends. I . . . .. . ...... .

my sister's wedding. in a hotel.

2 I . . . .. . last year. My parents came 6 We didn't see the fireworks. We

to England for the ceremony. ... ... .......... tired and went to the hotel.

f::\ ifl
6\11 ,~ , The -ed ending is pronounced in three ' t:::\12.
6\
l.::w
,. . . . Listen to six verbs in the past simple tense
different ways. Listen to the different and add them to the table in Exercise 7.
sounds and the past simple form of verbs
in the table below. Watch Out!
The -ed ending adds a sound to the end of a
verb. Sometimes it adds an extra syllable.
danced stayed hated For example:

watched travelled visited dance + -ed = danced (one syllable}

hate + -ed = ha-ted (two syllables)
fl Complete the sentences with the words
( , ___s_e_e____P_Ia_Y____w_e_a_r ____
w_h_e_
n __ ~)
below. Use the correct form of the verbs.
My hometown has a big festival each year.
( but meet travel watch )
Last year, I (5) .. . . a costume and
(6) . traditional music at the
I (1) .. . . ... ....... ... my friends in the park after
parade. My parents were very happy
the carnival. We (2) .... . . . H • H • • • the fireworks
(7) .. . . . ........ they (8) .. .
and (3) H. H • H • • •• home. We had a great
the parade.
time, (4) ..... ... we were very tired.

IJ Quiz: Match these names of buildings in London with their descriptions.

1 City Hall a This building is also known as London's Central Criminal Court or Justice
Hall and was named after the road it was on.
2 The Old Bailey b This is the building where the two Houses of Parliament of the United
Kingdom, the House of Lords and the House of Commons, are based .
3 The Gherkin c This building is home to the Mayor of London and the reg ional
administrative authority, consisting of over 600 members of staff. It is
located near the River Thames, where it contrasts strongly with more
traditional-looking buildings.
4 The Palace of Westminster d This is an office building at 30 St Mary Axe. It got its name because it is
shaped like a vegetable.

f.l Label the pictures with the names of the buildings in Exercise 1.

1 2 3 4

S Look at the words below. Read the text and try to work out which words fit in the gaps. Try to do this
without looking at your dictionary.

butter cup customs tearoom jam kettle milk salmon sandwiches teapot

In England, 'put the (1) .. .. ... .. ... ............. ... on' is a phrase heard often, as people enjoy stopping for a
(2) .. .. .. . ......... .. ......... .. .. .. of tea and perhaps a biscuit. This daily ritual becomes much more formal in a
(3) ...... ..... ........... ...... or hotel setting . If you go out for cream tea, you may get loose tea, brewed in a
(4) .. . ..... ...................... and served at your table. This is accompanied by scones with cream and
(5) ............................ .. ........ . There are different regional (6) ........ ......... ................. .... about how cream tea is served .
In Devon, they tend to put the cream on the scone first, with strawberry jam on top, whereas in Cornwall they
spread (7) .. . . .......................... on the scone first and put the jam on before the cream. A traditional afternoon
tea would also be accompanied with delicate (8) . .H.. . . . . . . . , such as cucumber, egg, ham and
smoked (9) ...... .. ..... ........ ...... ··· ···H·· ···· ' as well as cakes . However you choose to accompany it, remember that in
England, ordinary tea is always drunk with (10) ................... ... .
IJ Copy and complete the table by writing the words below in the right categories. Use a dictionary or
check the meanings in the Answer key.

Cornish pasty barley water duck-duck-goose scones haggis

hopscotch lrn-Bru rarebit leek British bulldog

IJ Two items in Exercise 4 are typically associated with Scotland, two with Wales and two with
England. Which ones are they?

0 •

Watch Out!
Do you know the difference between the United Kingdom, England, Great Britain and the British Isles?
Which ones include Scotland and Wales? If you don 't know, you may misunderstand exactly what an author
is writing about. You could also cause offence to people in certain areas by using the wrong word! Check the
Answer key to Exercise 6 if you are confused .

IJ Identify the following on the map:

• England
• Scotland
• Wales
• Northern Ireland
• Ireland
• The Republic of Ireland
• Great Britain
• The UK
 Comparing lifestyles

Cultures across the world

IJ Use the pictures above and the clues to complete the word puzzle.
Across:

3 This woman is wearing her ..

costume .

2 4 In some villages around the world, people

still live in .. .. .......... . like these.
3
Down:

1 This is an example of
writing.
2 This is the national food of ..

fJ Check the meaning of the words in the word maps in a dictionary. Then complete the word maps
with the words below.

scarf vegetarian spicy pronunciation silk brick block of flats alphabet

(3) .. ............. .. .

(4) ................. .

Unit 3• Different cultures

 Listening for key words

~ IJ You will hear four conversations between students discussing their projects on world cultures.
Circle the topic of each conversation.

A language, dress, housing, diet C clothes, festivals, homes, communication

B costume, housing, culture, literature D communication, food, costume, art

~ fJ Listen again and in your notebook write any words from the word maps that are mentioned.

IJ The verbs make, have and do are often confused. Choose the correct words to complete the
sentences.

1 Every year in April we make I have I do a Water Festival.

2 Recently, our country has made I had I done progress in improving education.
3 In some places tourism has made I had I done a lot of damage to the environment.
4 Global warming has made I had I done a negative effect on many rare animals.
5 In the spring, we make I have I do a lot of work in the garden.
6 When people get married, they make I have I do a big party to celebrate.

~ .
• ' •
.
/' "\,,
)
''
., • •, I (/'
'
Culture

Label the pictures with the words below. Then complete definitions 1-4.

architecture an art gallery a museum a concert

1 .... . A..I'Vll-t:~~l-1.1'1-1 ........... .... contains objects from history.

2 .. ... is a musical performance.
3 ... means the design and creation of buildings.
4 ................ .. ... . has collections of paintings and sculptures.

- · Unit 3 • Different cultures

lfJ Adjectives are used to describe things, experiences and people. Some adjectives are positive and
some are negative.

The exhibition at the gallery was boring. (= negative)

Adele is a fantastic singer. (= positive)

Decide if the adjectives below are positive (P) or negative (N). Write P or N next to each one.

useful
amazing
dangerous N
beautiful
interesting
harmless
tiring creative
terrible l
Now complete the texts below with the adjectives above. (More than one answer may be possible.)

A: We went to the opera last weekend and I enjoyed it very much. The singers were (1) . .. . .t:tmt:t~L)I!B
and the costumes were (2) . .. .. . . . ... .... -all decorated with gold and jewels. The only bad part was
that the performance was very long, three hours in total, so it was (3) .. .. . ............ . . . I fell asleep as
soon as we arrived home!

8: I definitely recommend the dinosaur exhibition at the Natural History Museum. It is really
(1) ............................ because it explains everything clearly. The exhibition has two sections: one is
about the (2) . .................... ... dinosaurs that ate other dinosaurs, and the other section is about the
(3) ................ .. ..... ........ .. ...... dinosaurs that just ate plants. The only bad thing about the exhibition is that some
of the dinosaur drawings are (4) ... .... . They do not look like dinosaurs at all!

£1 The word order of a simple statement in English is: Subject + Verb + Object. Extra information
usually comes after this structure.

Subject + Verb + Object + extra information

Picasso painted the picture at his studio in Paris .

Put the words and phrases in the correct order to make sentences.

1 a film I on Saturday night I My family I watched

Mjft:tmily.~t:tt.c.h~0 t~. .{Mm 0.)1! >.t:ttt-tr0t:t)'.t-tiBhL . ...... ....... .. ..... . . . .. . ...... .

2 a bestselling book I Louise I gave me I for my birthday

3 saw I a Shakespeare play I My sister and I I in London

4 has I many interesting art galleries I Tokyo I nowadays

5 opera I like I Older people I more than young people

6 on the Internet I music I Most teenagers I listen to

Unit 3• Different c ultures -

 VQcabulaiy:.f»'ac~.s '.i~ .~ ities '
- ' 1. :- ~· • "t t ·, ;. . ' • :

IJ Match the photos A-C with the places IJ Look at the places below. Where can
below. There are three extra places. you do activities 1-5? Can you add more
places?
football stadium gallery harbour
market museum shopping mall beach bridge cafe factory
gallery hotel park river

fJ Look at the photos again. What can you do in

skyscraper theatre

each place? Choose activities from the list.

1 eat or drink something

buy clothes go on a boat trip 2 go for a walk

have a coffee see an exhibition 3 relax and meet friends
4 work
Example: You can buy clothes in a shopping
5 enjoy a view of the city
mall.

Vocabui~ry::
• • •. _.... _!.··
De~cribing ~itie~
• ~"·
.. · /

IJ Match sentences 1-5 with their succeeding sentences a-e.

1 It's a busy city. a I go swimming there at the weekend. Sometimes

we go sailing too.
2 It's near the beach . b They're polite and they're very happy when you
speak their language .
3 It's got different neighbourhoods. c There's a lot of traffic and people say the city never
sleeps!
4 It's famous for its markets. d Tourists buy clothes or souvenirs. You can even go
on tours.
5 I really like it because the people are e There's a financial district, a busy downtown and
very friendly. quiet suburbs.

-
If
~ G~itr4
O:
0
···R;;·~M·. t8:.:.:k.,Jii~·~ ~. ·1
0
' L .' ... . ~· '•
0
;, ' <L
0
.
 IJ Replace the underlined words and phrases in Exercise 4 to make more sentences about cities.
Use the words below or your own ideas.

airport beautiful museums mountains

traditional food lots of tourist attractions modern the weather is good

Example: It 's a modern city.

IJ Complete the sentences so they are true for your hometown.

1 It's a ... ... ... .. . H • • • •••••••• • . . city. 4 It's famous for its .
2 It's near the 5 I really li ke it because ...
3 It's got

Pro.nunciatio 6:. Sylla~le'

. . s · a~·
.,
dw
.. or:d st.ress.;v~i' :·.: ·~:
. ( ' ~ '

A fl Look at the words in Exercise 3 again. How many syllables (different word parts) are there?
Complete the table. Then listen and check.

hea.ch

~ JjJ Listen to the words again and underline the syllable that has the word stress.

A.IJ Listen to Sam describing a city. Write the words below next to the correct phrase.

accommodation beach harbours markets museum people shopping malls traffic

There's a I lots of .............. ....

There isn't a .. .. . ..... H • • • • ••••• I any .....

There are some ....... I lots of .. /.
There aren't any ..... .. ............... ................ .

fi:1 Complete the table with the correct words.

+ There 's l is a museum .

(1) ... O O <O • < •• < • •oo • <•• • ooH<O . .

some galleries.

There (2) ............................. I is not a beach.

aren't I (3) ............... . any harbours.

? Is a football stadium? Yes, there is.

there (5) ..................... ·' there isn't.

(4) ............................. any shopping malls? Yes, there (6) ..

No, there (7) . ...... ........... . ..

 Watch Out!
Countable nouns have two forms: Uncountable nouns have one form:
There is a museum . (singular) There isn't any accommodation .
There are two museums. (plural)

m Read the text and complete each paragraph with the correct words.

(~----b-rid_g_e___________fa_m_o_u_s__________g_o_t __________n_e_a_r __________s_ky_s_c_ra_p_e_rs____~)

My hometown is (1) . ... • •• •• • • n • • • •••• the border. It's a busy city and it's (2) ..
for its different neighbourhoods. It's (3) .. .. .. .. ..... .............. a financial district with lots of tall
(4) ... . . .. ...... . . .. ........... . You can walk over a modern (5) ... . .......... .......... to the harbour.

( ...._ _________are can favourite meet traditional

_____.....)

My (6) n • n place is the historic centre. You (7) ..

• • go to lots of small ••••• n•••• •• n • n

restaurants and eat (8) .... food. It's delicious! It's a great place to (9)
n .. . n • • •• •••• •

friends. There (10) .. ..... .. ......... . . . . .. . always lots of people there. It's a popular place.

IJ Match the words below with the pictures 1-6.

shopping centre industrial area residential area

entertainment complex sports centre business park

resi~e11tial
1 .......... ... .. ... ... area
.. .. ................ 2 3

4 5 6

fl Match the verbs 1-8 with their definitions a-h.

to improve [IJ a to become larger

2 to expand lJ b to change something slightly
3 to alter something [] c to make something smaller
4 to deteriorate
r-•
I I
t. __ _ l d to become better
 5 to reduce something e to increase in size or number
6 to convert something f to become worse
7 to transform something - I
g to change the form or purpose of something
8 to grow ] h to change something completely

IJ Now choose the correct verb to complete each sentence.

1 They decided to convert I grow the old factory into a shopping centre.
2 The population of London has improved I expanded to over eight million.
3 I didn 't recognize Tom when I saw him. He has converted I altered a lot since university.
4 We want to improve I deteriorate the public transport system so more people will use the trains and buses.
5 The new motorway has reduced I converted the amount of time it takes to get from London to Oxford.
6 The number of people using the Internet is growing I improving all the time.
7 This was a nice town a few years ago, but it has reduced I deteriorated a lot.
8 The Internet is growing I transforming the way that people shop.

Watch Out!
The present perfect cannot be used to talk about past events in the same way as the past simple. It is
usually used to talk about things that happened during a period of time that comes right up to the present
and perhaps continues into the future. For example:
The population of London started to expand in the 1990s. (The expansion started at a specific time in the past.)
The population of London has ex anded to over 8 million. (The expansion happened over a period of time
that began in the 1990s and continues up until now.)

liJ Look at these examples of comparative and superlative forms.

The population of Summerville was the highest in 2010.

The average house price was higher in 2010 than in 2005.

Read the information in the table about the town of Summerville and choose the correct words in
the sentences below.

45,000 53,000 61,000

240 190 175

0 2 2

2 2 3

1 Summerville had a smaller I largest @population in 2005 than in 2000.

2 Average house prices were the lowest I highest I tallest in 2010.
3 In 2000 the population was the higher I greatest I lowest.
4 The number of houses I sports centres I entertainment complexes built was higher in 2010 than 2005.
5 The number of houses built in 2000 was lower I higher I the largest.

Unit 4 • Places to live -

IJ The pictures symbolize different aspects of 'community'. Read the definitions in the second column
and complete the words in the first column with the words below.

spirit centre college service policing care

1 community ............... ..................... a place that is specially provided for the people, groups and
organizations in a particular area, where they can go in order to meet
one another and do things

2 community .................................... an educational institution in the USA where students from the
surrounding area can take courses in practical or academic subjects

3 community ............................... ..... a system in which the police work only in one particular area of
the community, so that everyone knows them. In Britain, there are
Community Support Officers, volunteers who are trained to prevent and
solve low-level crimes so that people feel safer.

4 community .................................. .. unpaid work that criminals sometimes do as a punishment instead of

being sent to prison

5 community ................................... . help available to persons living in their own homes, rather than services
provided in residential institutions

6 community ...... ............. ........ ....... the feeling of loyalty to a group that is shared by the people who belong
to the group

fJ The word community contains information about its meaning and its grammatical category: it is
similar to the word common, and the -ity ending tells us that the word is a noun.

What do you think the words in the table below mean? Choose from the options below the table.
What grammatical category do they belong to?

communal
a commune
a communist

a a supporter of communism (the political belief that all people are equal and that workers should
control the means of producing things)
b a group of people who live together and share possessions and responsibilities
c belonging or relating to a community as a whole; something that is shared
fJ Categorize the words in the first column by ticking under the appropriate heading(s). There may be more
than one answer. Then complete the other boxes with the appropriate part of speech where possible.

fiJ Match the words 1-7 with the words a-g to make two-part words that describe groups of people.

1 political a party

2 online b cast

3 voluntary c band

4 film d group

5 rock e team

6 friendship f community

7 sports 9 organization

Watch Out!
It is important to recognize what the pronouns in a text refer to. Be careful with they, their and them: they do
not always relate to plural forms. They are often used to talk about individuals to avoid mentioning gender
(he or she, his or her, him or her).
A team member must be prepared to put other people's needs before their own. (avoiding the use of 'his I her
own')
 Living on campus

Campus services

1 2 3 ..... .. .. .. .. .. ..... .... .. ..... .. .. ... .. . 4

IJ The pictures above show buildings on a university campus. Label the buildings with the words below.

halls of residence library medical centre sports centre

fJ Now match the buildings in Exercise 1 with the definitions below.

1 This is where you go to get fit.

2 You go here when you are sick and need to get a prescription . .
3 This is where you will find all kinds of reference materials, including journals, films, computers and all the
information you need for your studies. .. . .. . ......... .
4 This is where students live on campus.

Spelling

Watch Out!
Some words sound the same, but are spelt differently. In the Listening test, you must spell your answers
correctly or you will lose points.

IJ Choose the correct spelling to complete the sentences.

The lecturer told his students to read .... ....... ..... ................ .. ..... the article quickly.
(threw I through I though)
2 . .. ........ ...... ........... .... was a long queue of people waiting at the medical centre to see the doctor.
(Their I They're I There)

3 The university has a number of .. . ..... .. . .... .. ... ..... . (restuarants I restauran ts I res taurents)
4 A lot of people enjoy meeting visitors from .. ....... .. . ....... .. .. ... ......... . countries. (foriegn I foreing I foreign)
5 To get to the library, take the first road on the left and keep walking ...... ....... . ... ..... .. ... you get to
the end of the road . (until! I until I unn ti~
6 The tutor's office is on the .. ...... ... ..... ....... floor. (twelvth I twefth I twelfth)

- Unit 4 • Places to live

Prepositions

Watch Out!
It is easy to make mistakes with prepositions which describe location in English. A common problem is when
the English preposition is not the same as your own language. Don't rely on direct translation from your
language to English. Use your dictionary to learn the correct prepositions.

fiJ Sometimes there is more than one word to describe the same position, for example: beside, by, next
to. In each group of words, circle the preposition or phrase that does NOT belong to the group.

1 on top of, into, over, above 4 behind, opposite, in front of, facing
2 next to, far away, nearby, close to 5 beside, next to, between, at the side of
3 outside, inside, within, into

IJ Read the description of a university campus and label the buildings on the plan.

The library is in the middle of the campus. It's next to the theatre. There's a shop behind the library,
between the bank and the bookshop. The Student Union building is opposite the theatre, beside the
round building, which is the night club. The sports centre is on the other side of the green, facing the
medical centre.

A Sports Centre B Night Club C Student Union D Shop E Theatre

Medical Centre

Unit 4 • Places to live

IJ Read the definitions below and complete the types of films.

1 A film that makes people laugh c Q ~r~ .e_ d'j

2 This type of film has a hero as the main character a ____ _
3 A factual programme about an event or a person d ______ ___ _
4 A crime or mystery film which is exciting t ___ ___ _
5 A film which makes people afraid h _ _ _ _ _ f __ _
6 A film based on imagined space travel and future s______ _ ____ _

fJ Circle the correct option.

In Hollywood famous actors often play the main (1) character I personality in a film . The films usually have music or
a (2) CO I soundtrack to increase the atmosphere. Hollywood films often have a simple (3) history I story and use
special (4) effects I factors such as explosions to make the film exciting. Hollywood films can be divided into different
(5) genres I topics, such as thrillers or romantic films. If films are very successful, they are called (6) movies I
blockbusters.

fJ Complete the film descriptions using words from Exercises 1 and 2.

1 This film is a that tells the tru e of a woman who

lived in Russia in the twentieth century and became a famous film director.
2 Blackout is a .. . . . ..... .... .. .. . . ... ... .. .. ...... fi lm set in the twenty-second century. It follows
a group of explorers as they visit other planets and try to stay alive. There are lots of special
.......... .......... .. ...... ..... .. ..... .. ... .. .. . ·' such as giant spaceships and explosions .
3 The . ..... ... .. ... offilm that is most popular with teenage girls is romantic comedy. They
also like film music and buy more COs of film ....... ... ........... .. ... ...................... . than boys . However, in general
girls find .. . . . .. . .. ...... films too frightening .

.liJ Percentages (%) and fractions (%, V3, %, etc.) can both be used to describe proportions of a whole
amount.

a half a quarter three quarters a third two thirds

Match the percentages with the fractions.

50 per cent .___ 25 per cent 75 per cent 33 per cent 66 per cent

two thirds ~a half a third a quarter three quarters

 Watch Out!
Per cent is used with a number, e.g. ten per cent, 50 per cent.
Percentage is used with words, e.g . the percentage of people, a small percentage of people.

IJ Use these patterns to write about percentages and fractions:

fraction + of + noun + verb per cent + of + noun + verb

A quarter of the people like horror films. Twenty per cent of teenagers do not like action films.

Teenagers spent a third of the time watching Ten per cent of boys like action films.
documentaries.

Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1 of adults I science fiction I watch I a third I films I do not

2 Bollywood I of worldwide film sales I ten per cent I come from

3 three quarters of I films I on television I people over 65 I watch

4 cartoons I children I on a regular basis I ninety per cent of I watch

IJ If you do not know precise numbers or quantities, you can use words and phrases that express
approximate amounts. Look at the bold words in these examples.

About I Approximately a third of UK film sales in 2009 were comedy films.

Just under I Almost I Nearly a third of UK film sales in 2009 were thrillers.

Now match the percentages 1-4 with the phrases a-d.

1 53 per cent a just under a quarter

2 30 per cent b almost all
3 95 per cent c approximately half
4 23 per cent d about a third

Units .~ Arts a~d media -

 I - ·:-··., ICQt ""'.
,- bnd~e· an • a
1- En I , ""' wo
!n in~· sh l'rughf/
rt I. anguage so
c car . the Q
<'d F..ll.glir.h' ;~ ee,
4 ,. •'ll)/. . ,. . m.
l "' HI ........_

IJ Match the words with the books, 1-6.

a comic a dictionary a guide a journal a biography a mystery

1 4
2 5
3 6

fJ Circle the correct option.

1 A comic book is a book or magazine that has a series of paragraphs I drawings that tell a humorous story or
an adventure.
2 A journal is often personal because it is a record of someone's secrets I daily activities .
3 A trilogy is a group of three books with the same subject or characters I a different subject or different
characters.
4 A biography tells the story of someone's life and is written by that person I another person.
5 A travel guide is a book I newspaper that gives tourists information about a town, area or country.

IJ Put the words from Exercise 1 in the correct column.

Fiction: books and stories that are not about real Non-fiction: writing that gives information or
people or events describes real events

IJ Word parts can give important information about meaning. Read the information in the table.
Then complete the matching exercise below.

Word part Meaning ,

auto- self; same; of or by the same one

bio- connected with human life

biblio- connected with books
dia- across, between
-graphy a form of writing or drawing
-Iogue speech
mono- single, one
 1 bibliography a a conversation between two people in a book or play
2 autobiography b an account of your life, which you write yourself
3 monologue c a long speech spoken by one person, often as entertainment such as part of a play
4 dialogue d a list of books that have been written about a particular subject or that have been
mentioned in a book or an article

IJ Complete the book review below with words from Exercises 1 and 3.

One of the classics of English literature is Jane Eyre. Although the title is the name of a woman, the book is a work
of fiction, not a (1) .......... .. ...... . ... or (2) .. .... . .. . . The book was published in 184 7. It tells the story of the
heroine, Jane Eyre. Jane has a difficult childhood but she finds happiness when she is older. She goes to work for
a man called Edward Rochester and they fall in love. However, he has a secret which will separate him and Jane.
My favourite parts of the book are those between Jane and Mr Rochester as there are some funny
(3) ..... ........... ... ....... between them. I also like the fact that the book is not just a romantic story: there are many
things the reader does not know so it is also a (4) ... . ............................ · Most of all, I like the fact that it has a
happy ending.

Watch Out!
Knowing the meaning of word parts can often help you work out the overall meaning, but there are words
where this does not work. For example, dis- often means 'opposite', e.g. advantage I disadvantage; agree
I disagree; appear I disappear; connect I disconnect; honest I dishonest, but sometimes dis- is not a
separate word part or does not have that meaning, as in disaster, discuss.

IJ Read descriptions 1-6 of different types of programmes. Match them with photos A-D. There are two
extra descriptions.

1 I love watching documentaries because we can learn about new things. My favourite is a series about nature
and animals. ~
2 I watch a game sh~W every weekend with my family. I think the presenter is very funny. I like it when the
contestants win big prizes.
3 I always listen to the news. I think it's important to understand the events in your country and listen to
-··-·
business reports. You can find out about your sports team too. l
4 I enjoy watching soap operas because they are similar to real life and I like the characters. I usually watch 1V
on my laptop in ~Y room : (\
5 I sometimes watch talk shows~' The guests are really interesting. You can learn about their lives and new films
or new music.
6 I'm a sports fan, so I watch a lot of ~port on 1V. I enjoy listening to the experts talking about the results too. !
 fJ Check the meaning of the underlined words in Exercise 1. Then answer the questions.

1 Do you have a favourite 1V presenter? Why do you like him I her?

2 What is a popular documentary series in your country?
3 Are there any characters in a soap opera you really like?
4 Do you think most guests on a talk show are interesting?

·:Y~c.~~~~-~ry~· .o~sorib'ing.' progran,t.ries· ·

- '!!-:-.-.-... _.r..•·

R.IJ Listen to three people talking about programmes they listen to or watch. Match the speakers, 1-3,
with the type of programme they watch, a-c.

a documentary series ... '\

b drama series '/

c reality 1V show . ·.: ..

·A fJ Read sentences a-h. Listen again and decide which speaker, 1-3, says each sentence. Which three
sentences express an opinion?

a It's about clothes and the fashion industry.

1\

b It 's set in London. . :!::>

c It's presented by different models each week . .. '\ ...... .
d It stars some famous actors . ············· ········ ·n
e The participants are famous people.
, f It's very exciting .. Q.~!
'•
g I think it's good entertainment. .--
·. , h The thing I like best is the hotel manager... --~ -- .. ......

IJ Think about a programme you enjoy watching or listening to. Write sentences to describe it and
express your opinion about it. Use the sentences in Exercise 4 to help you.

Watch Out!
actors = people who play characters in plays and films
characters = people in a story
contestants = real people 1n a game show or reality 1V show

D Match sentences 1-6 with explanations a-f. Which sentences are true for you?

1 I always watch soap operas . C_ ' a I'm not interested in any sports .
2 I usually listen to the news in the morning.\ b I think they're very boring .
3 I often watch game shows. c b I like it when contestants win big prizes.
4 I sometimes watch dramas.o . 'a I think the plots are sometimes interesting.
5 I rarely listen to sports programmes . b ,. 'e I watch them every day. I never miss an episode.
6 I never watch documentaries.\ r. ·t, I like listening to the business reports.
fJ Look at the arrow and the adverbs of frequency. Put the words always, often and rarely in the
correct position on the arrow.

never sometimes usually (3) ...9:'...>:..'.:.:

Watch Out!
The adverb of frequency goes before the verb : I always watch films.
BUT it goes after the verb to be: I think the plots are sometimes crazy.

D Complete the texts with the words below.

1 . (,____ ~_b_Y_____________c_o_n_te_s_ta_n_t_s _____________e_v_e_~______________m_v_o_u_rit_e________)

My .........\J.. L....... .. programme is a Gt_uiz shoW called In, Out. I watch it 0
... , ............ .. .... weekend .
The .... J.P..; ...\:: .... :~ . ; . .... are ve~ clever. It's- presented .......~".'(. . ... .. ......... a university professor.

a_
2 (,_______ bo_u_t_____________a_c_to_r_s_____________ i_nt_e_re_s_ti_n_g------~~---o-p_e_r_as________)
I enjoy watching documentaries .. 9.':?\J.. ,\ ........ science. They are ve~ .. \ ·r3 .. ...... ..... . I rarely
watch soap .. . .. :n... ....... because I think the IJ ·.:: are terrible.

3( ~ ~~ ~ ~ )
- - - - -'-· -
!like watching a drama
- - - - : - - -watch
· -. · .. .. ..... called School Time. I
-it with
-my- CJ \ .
brother. It . .Y:<.. . ~~r f~~~urite actor and it's ave~ . . .(l. ; / . .. H • programme.

4 (~______c_o_n~te_s_ta_n_ts______________fu_n_n_Y_____________s~o_m_e_t_im_e_s______________ta_lk______~)
I like \'-; • .... .. ... shows. The guests are usually ve~ 'i ... .. ...... .. · !like game shows too .
The ...C.\l.: _>,<, ..on game shows are . ...... .. .... ....... . ... : really good.

Communicating information

IJ You can find these words about crime and staying safe in newspapers and magazines. Tick the ones
you can see in the pictures.

break into 1\ thief 'L knife gun gang pickpocket 3

Unit 5 • Arts and media

 fJ Write the words in the correct columns in the table.

crime knife gun gang dangerous careful

steal rob break into thief attack safe

Words with similar meanings

Watch Out!
If you don't read questions carefully before you do a listening activity, you won't notice the key words. You
should not only notice them but also think about possible synonyms. This will help you to predict what you
will hear.

IJ The following information comes from a university magazine under the section: Watch out! There are
thieves about!. Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words below that have the
same meaning as the word in brackets. Make sure your answers are grammatically correct.

steal safe robber shoplifter gang pickpocket burglar

1 Last week, a (thie0 broke into the student union office and (took) a laptop.
2 While the friends were in the university sports hall, a (thie0 took their wallets out of their jackets.
3 A police officer went to the campus bookshop to talk to a (thie0 who was taking books out of the shop
without paying .
4 A (group) of (thieves) broke into the campus bank over the weekend and took thousands of pounds.
5 Students are advised to keep their ~e longings in a (secure) place when they are using the university's
sports facilities.

Collocations

Some words are often used together. For example: do+ homework, make+ cake . In the exam, it will help to
know which words go together and what you expect to hear.

liJ Match the words 1-5 with the words a-e that are often used together.

1 take sb a the police

2 watch out b up
3 call c for
4 lock d scene
5 crime e to court

- Unit 5 • Arts and media

 D Complete the newspaper extract with phrases from Exercise 4. Check that the verb tenses are
correct.

When the receptionist arrived at Goodmead Primary School on Monday, she found that someone had broken
into the office and stolen several laptops, so she (1) .. . ... .. . They came to look at the
(2) ....... .. . . .. .. .
. straight away and advised her to make sure she (3) ..... . . .. . .. . .. ... the office
every evening in future. They also suggested that she should (4) ... ................. any strangers nearby.
Two days later, the police called to say that they had caught the thieves and arrested them . They said they
would (5) ... .... ...... ..... .. .. . (them) in the next few days.

R. D Listen to the recording and check your answers.

Linking words together

When you listen to people speaking, it is sometimes difficult to hear the end of one word and the beginning of
the next. This often happens when:

• the first word ends with the same sound that starts the next word, e.g. take care.
• the second word begins with a vowel, e.g . watch out.

R. fl Listen to this sentence from the recording and underline where the words are linked together.

When the receptioni st arrived at Goodmead Primary School on Monday, she found that someone had broken
into the office and stolen several laptops, so she called the police .

Unit 5 • Arts and media -t

Unit 6 The natural world

B c D

IJ Match two words with each picture, A-D, above.

cold hot rainy snowy stormy sunny wet windy

fJ Use your answers from Exercise 1 to complete the descriptions below.

Picture A In my country, the monsoon season is from September to November.

It's very .. .. . ..... and .

Picture 8 In my country, winter lasts from December to February.

It's . . . .. . and .. . . ... . .

Picture C We often have thunderstorms in March or April in my country.

It's ... ... and . . .. . ..... .

Picture D The dry season lasts from May until October in my country.
It's . and .. .. ....

IJ Complete the table below with information about the seasons in your country.

autumn October t:U1~ November co l~ c:u1~ wi11~.Y

dry season

rainy season

spring

summer

winter
 IJ Complete the sentences with the word s and phrases below.

favourite it's lasts makes really like there's

1 My season is summer.
Watch Out!
2 . lots of rain during the monsoon season .
It's + adjective = It's rainy I snowy I
3 In winter, wet and stormy in my country.
windy.
4 Hot weather .. me feel really happy.
There's I There are + noun =
5 Winter .. for two months. There's lots of rain I snow I wind.
6 I .. stormy weather because it's exciting .

IJ Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

1 My favourite season is 4 Summer I The dry season lasts for ..

2 In summer, it's .. 5 Cold weather makes me feel .
3 There's lots of rain I sun during 6 I really like

Listen to the vowel sounds and the words, and repeat them.

monsoon now summer favourite stormy cold

A fl Listen to the words below and add them to the correct vowel sound in the table in Exercise 6. Use a
dictionary to check the meaning of the words.

April autumn drought humid June month

November outside rainy snowy stormy sunny

Listen and check. Then listen again and repeat the vowel sounds and the words.

A ·'fJ Listen and complete the sentences with can or can't.

1 You .. ............. ........ ...... go to the beach in the summer.

2 You ............ ..... .. .. ... ... ......... . ... do anything when the weather is very hot.
3 You .. ..... . play tennis outside when it's rainy.
4 The rainy season last for weeks.
5 You ..... go skiing in hot and dry climates.
6 The weather ....... .. .............. . change quickly in the mountains.
Jm Read the rules about can and can't. Then complete the sentences with your own ideas.

• We use can to say that it is possible to do • Put can or can't before the main verb.
something. • The form of the main verb doesn 't change.
• We use can't to say that it is not possible to do
something .
1 When it's sunny, you can .. ...... . ... 3 In summer, you can ......... .
2 In cold weather, you can't .......... ... . 4 In the rainy season, you can't

m Complete the sentences with the words below. There is one extra word in each set.

1 (~______c_a_n___________it'_s__________m__a_ke_s___________s_e_a_s_o_n__________w__e_at_h_e_r______)
My favourite .. . . ............ is summer. I really like the summer because ... .. ... always hot and sunny. You
.. .. do lots of sports or you can sunbathe and relax with friends. The hot weather always ..
me feel happy and cheerful. I think everybody likes the hot weather.

2 (~______c_an_'_t __________d_ro_u_g_ht__________d_~___________f_o_r __________m_o_n_s_o_on______~)

A .. . . .......... . means lots of rainy weather! In my count~. this season lasts . . . . . . about three or
four months. It's boring and you ........ do anything outside. It's humid and I don't like it. I prefer the
. .... weather because I like being outside.

3 (~___c_a_n___________fr_om____________st_o_r_m_Y___________th_e_r_e'_s__________t_h_u_n_d_e_rs_to_r_m_s____)
In my count~. it's ve~ cold in winter. .. .. ........... lots of snow and you ............ ... ..... go skiing or visit the
mountains. This is my favourite season. It lasts ....... ... .. .. ..... .... November to Februa~. It's different from summer
because summer lasts for about six months. It's really hot and d~ and there are .. . .. at night.

IJ Each picture shows a different way of using the ocean. Copy and complete the table with the words
and phrases below. Some can go into more than one column.

oil rig natural gas trawler offshore drilling fish farm

underwater turbine wave power gas pipeline energy fuel net
 oil Yi~
fl Match the phrases 1-6 with the definitions a-f.

1 offshore drilling a a large structure for drilling for oil from the sea bed
2 mineral b a material that is burned to produce power
3 fuel c a type of fishing boat
4 trawler d a natural material
5 rig e a method of extracting oil from the sea bed

IJ Find and correct the mistake in each sentence.

Watch Out!
1 Oil is a non-renewable sauce of energy.
Check your writing before you
2 Trawlers sometimes spend many months at see. hand in your exam paper. Careless
3 Offshore drilling has effected wildlife in this area. mistakes can lose you marks.

4 We need fuel for are car.

5 Underwater turbines capture energy from ocean currants.

Trends and statistics

Statistics are the numbers which record facts (like the Trends describe patterns of change in social
number of births and deaths in a year) and the words behaviour or environmental conditions over a period
that describe these numbers in relation to the whole of time and may tell us how much they have changed .
group.
Since 2009, interest in wave power has increased
113 fishing boats were lost at sea last year. significantly.
20% of the fish population is currently at risk of There has been a dramatic rise in fish farming over
disappearing. the last ten years.
The majority of our electricity could be generated by During this century, there has been an upward
wave power. trend in global temperatures.

liJ Look at the graphs below. Do they show trends or statistics? Match the statements with the graphs.

1 The number of destructive storms has increased significantly in the last ten years.
2 There has been a gradual rise in temperature across the globe recently.
3 The polar bear population has fallen dramatically since 201 0.
4 The frequency of volcanic eruptions has remained stable over the past century.

a b c d

.Uhit 6 • The natural world ._ ,

I!J The words below are used to describe statistics and trends. Copy and complete the table, and say
whether they are nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs. The first one has been done for you.

rise average grad ual per cent more than fall majority
increase decrease minority remain stable less than downward fraction
upward number slight tendency amount significant dramatic

Natural and unnatural processes

IJ Match the words 1-10 with their definitions a-j.

1 volcano e, a a building where things are made using machines

2 acid rain b damage caused to nature by chemicals or waste

3 glacier I I c the mixture of gases around the Earth

4 factory '! d the measurement of heat or cold

5 to harvest J e a mountain with a hole at the top where lava comes out

6 pollution I
l to explode

7 to erupt I l 9 a large river of ice which moves slowly

, •. 1

8 atmosphere [] h a form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction

9 temperature [] rain which contains large amounts of harmful chemicals

10 radiation [] to pick and collect crops or plants

fJ Now complete the sentences with the correct form of the words from Exercise 1.

1 In summer it can be very hot here; the .. . ....... can reach 40°C.
2 The plants were destroyed by ............... . . .. from the factory.
3 Farmers . . . .. . . .. ...... ............ .. .. their crops at the end of summer.
4 The volcano . . . .... .. ....... and lava started to flow down the mountain.

fJ Number the phrases below 1-6 to describe the stages in a plant's life .

.
• _
·,
.
"'
~
~ ,;~\-·
m plants grow
':.·
'
··:·. · .,

flowers are picked seeds are watered

seeds are planted 1 plants die plants flower
IJ We can use the passive to describe a process. We use the passive:

1 when who or what did the action(= the agent) is not known .
2 when who or what did the action is not important.
3 when we want to focus on the object of the action more than the subject.
Passive: Volcanoes are formed by the movement of the Earth's surface.
Active: The movement of the Earth's surface forms volcanoes.

Passive: Bananas are grown in hot climates.

Active: People grow bananas in hot climates.

We form the passive with the verb to be + past participle. Sometimes an agent with by is included.
Seeds are planted by farmers.

Sometimes there is no agent.

Seeds are planted in the fields.

Complete the sentences using present simple passive forms of the verbs in brackets.

1 Water .. jp $.t9.ri;~ .H.· .. ..... .. ... (store) in reservoirs and used in the fields.

2 Grass ... ....... .... .. ............. ........... .... (eat) by cows and cows ... . . . .. . .. ... . H • • • • ••• • •• • •• • (eat) by people.
3 Many buildings .. .. .. ..... .......... .. H • •• • • •• • • • • •• (destroy) by bad storms in winter.
4 Rainforests ..... H • • • •• • • •• • • • •••••••••••• •• •• • (inhabit) by thousands of plants and insects .
5 Forests ... ........ H . .... .
.. (damage) by acid rain.
6 Most pollution ...... (cause) by human activity.

IJ Correct the errors in the passive in these sentences.

1 In many countries birds is are fed by people in the winter.

2 Chemicals are used farmers to protect plants from insects.
3 Seeds are plant in the spring.
4 Elephants and camels used as working animals in some countries .
5 Volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters is studied by scientists.
6 Fields be watered by a special system called irrigation.

Watch Out!

Unit 6 • The natural world -

1 2 3 4

IJ The following words refer to the natural world. Use the words to label the pictures above .

_________
( ..____ bay valley cliff waterfall
_____.)

fJ The words below refer to similar things, but they are not interchangeable. Choose the correct words
to complete the sentences.

(~____s_o_il ________________s_a_nd_________________l_a_nd_________________g_r_o_u_nd______)
1 The house we are buying comes with a lot of ..... .
2 Children love playing in the .... . . ... ...... . ....... .... .......... .. ....... .
3 There were no chairs in the garden so we all sat on the ..
4 I have bought a big bag of .. .. . . ... .... . . so I can plant some flowers in these pots.

IJ Read the texts below without using a dictionary. Underline the words that refer to the natural world,
and circle all the linking words.

Our knowledge of Natural History would not be what finds include the first skeleton of an ichthyosaur, or
it is today without the work of women explorers, fish-lizard, a plesiosaur, also known as sea-dragon,
artists and scientists.
.
In this leaflet, you
.
will learn
. and a pterodactyl, or 'flying dragon'.
about three British pioneering women, among the
ColleCting fossils on the cliffs was dangerous work.
firs~ to be •involved . in uncovering some of the rich
~ary's dog,Tray.was killed when r.ocks and earth fell .
.. historyd the iiaturaLwoM .. e . ~..
down.a cliff, and she nearly lost her life in the same
landslide.
Mary Anning· (17~9-1847)
Mary came from. a poor family who llved in Lyme
Dorothea Bate (1878-1951)
Regis, a town on the south-west coast of England.
Born in the Welsh countryside, she had a passion for
Her father tried to make extra money by selling
natural history from an early age. She became the
fossils (pla:::n:.:.:t'-"a"'-"=-=-=~ firstfemale scientist in the Natural History Museum in
London. She.was a palaeontologist, that is, a scientist
from an early age how to look for fossils, although
who studies fossils in order to understand the history
she was the only one of the brothers and sisters
of life on earth. She went to mountains and cliffs in -
who became an expert.
the Mediterranean and explored hilltops in Bethlehem,
However, in her lifetime she did not always get the discovering and documenting animal fossils. She wrote
credit she deserved as it was male geologists who hundreds of reports, reviews and papers.
published the descriptions of any finds. Her important
 Evelyn Cheesman (1881-1969) dogs: she worked in the insect house at the London
Although Evelyn wanted to become a veterinary Zoological Society. She was very.adventurous and
surgeon, this was not possible for women in the early went on many expeditions to remote locations, as far
twentieth century. Instead, she trained as a canine away as the Galapagos Islands. Despite being very
nurse. Her first job, however, was not related to busy, she managed to publish 16 books.

IJ Difficult words are often explained in texts. Find the explanations of the words below in the texts in
Exercise 3. The first one has been done for you.

pioneering Lyme Regis fossils siblings ichthyosaur plesiosaur

pterodactyl Tray landslide palaeontologist canine remote

Watch Out!
The exact meaning of linking words or phrases is not always clear. For example, 'in fact' is not used just to
introduce goy facts; they have to be sur risin or contrastin facts, in comparison to what has just been said.
X Many people argue as to who is more intelligent, women or men. In fact, a study found that women
scientists are more intelligent than men in similar jobs .
.! In the past, people thought that women were less intelligent than men because of genetic differences. In
fact, according to one study, women scientists are more intelligent than men in similar jobs.

IJ Do the following extracts use in fact correctly? Mark each extract with a .! or X.
1 It is often believed that watching a lot of TV makes people see the world as a frightening place. In fact,
evidence shows that watching TV makes no difference.
2 It is often believed that watching a lot of TV makes people see the world as a frightening place. In fact, there
is some evidence that this is the case.
 Unit 7 Education

School, college and university

IJ Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences by putting the letters of the bold words in the
correct order.

1 At school, you haves a I c s e s ... for different subjects, such as maths, science and history.
2 The e t r e a h c ... .... ... . . .. will answer any questions you may have.
3 Sometimes at the end of the year, students take an m e a x . .. . .. . .. . . . H • to check what they have learnt.
4 Some students go on to university, where they will learn through seminars and c t u r s e I e H • • • • • •••••

5 Sometimes a university student gives a s e i n r t a p n e t o ... .... .... .. ............. to other students .

fJ Unscramble the verbs in the box, and then put each one next to a noun in the table to make a
collocation. (You can use each verb more than once, and each noun can have more than one verb.)

ktea its od vegi wetir duyts kema spas ifla teg

take an exam an essay

a qualification a subject (e.g . biology)

a course a presentation

Watch Out!
To pass an exam means to reach the required grade or pass mark, not to take the exam.

Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs from the table.

Mustafa: I've just finished school. I (1) .... ........... . ... .... .. . all my exams, so I'm really happy! I'm going to
go to university. I want to (2) .. . ................... . engineering. I have to (3) ..
an entrance exam for my English because I want to study in Australia. The course sounds really good .
It's at a really good university and has a mixture of assessments; I'll need to (4) .... . ..... essays,
(5) . ....... . . . .. .... ...
H •• presentations and (6) ..
• • • • ... .. ..... ... . ..... exams. I'll also get some work
experience! It's a lot of work but I think I'll (7) . ........ . a really good qualification .

- Unit 7 • Education
IJ Now look at the verb + noun collocations IJ We can also use comparative forms to
in the sentences below. Circle the correct compare information. Look at the information
verbs. If necessary, use your dictionary to in the notes below and choose the best way
check. to complete the grammar notes.

1 Amil took I gave an online test to find out

how good his grammar was . Stude11t 11UI11bers at local pri111ary
schools, 2014
2 When the course finished, all of the students
had to complete a feedback form and make Percival School: 80 boys, 40 ~iris
I give their opinions about the university and St ja111es School: 100 boys, 100 ~iris
the teaching staff. Roysters School: 60 boys, 80 ~iris
3 Our students take I have lectures in the Bilsi11~ School: 35 boys, 35 ~iris
mornings and self-study in the afternoons.
4 At the end of the course you get I give a • As much I many + noun + as (to show a
certificate of attendance. quantity is StJames School
5 Did you make I do your maths homework? had as many boys as girls in 2014.

6 It's a good idea to get I take some work • Not as much I many + noun + as + noun
experience while you are at university. It (to show that a quantity is .. . ...... J:
could help you find a job later. Percival School didn't have as many girls as
StJames School.
7 I have two assignments to make I do before
Friday. • More + noun + than + noun (to show one
quantity is ....................... ... than another):
8 Can you take I give us examples of the
Percival School had more boys than girls.
essay questions we might have to answer?
• Less I fewer + noun + than + noun (to show
fiJ The notes show what the class of 2013 did one quantity is .......... ....... .. .... .. than another):
after they left school. Read the notes and Percival School had fewer boys than St
complete the sentences with the correct James School (Note: ...... . .............. ...... I
information and the correct form of the verbs .... is used for countable nouns,
in brackets. and I less for uncountable
nouns.)
besti11atio11s of school-leavers. 2013
U11iversity: 12 boys 14 ~iris
D Now complete the sentences about Roysters
and Bilsing schools using the words in
Local colle~e: 7 boys 1~irl brackets.

Work: 5 boys 8 ~iris 1 Roysters School had ............... . . ... (girls I

boys) in 2014 .
1 ................ .. .. ... girls .......... .. .... .... .. (go) to
2 Bilsing School had .................. .. ... (boys I
university after leaving school.
girls).
2 . .. ...... girl
. .. . ... (start)
3 Roysters School had ..... .... .. ................ (boys /
courses at the local further education college.
girls)
3 .... . boys and 4 Bilsing School had (students) ..
girls .... . .. . .. .. (find) jobs straight after Roysters School.
leaving high school.
5 Roysters School had (students) ................. .
4 school-leavers .................... .. Bilsing School.
(continue) studying after leaving school.

5 Only .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . school-leavers
..... ......... .......... (not go) to university or college.

6 ...... ................... . school-leavers .................. ......... ..

(decide) to go to college.
 c D
IJ Match four of the subjects below to the pictures above. Use your dictionary to help you.

art business studies computer science engineering history

law linguistics literature mathematics medicine

A fJ Listen to three students talking about their course. Complete each description with the words below.
Then listen again and check.

course difficult director doctor interesting law lawyer lectures medicine

1 I'm studying .H •• •••••• ••••••• • •••••••• • • • •••• • • •• • •• • : It's hard work and there are lots of .. . . .. . . . .... , but I enjoy
helping people . I'm in my first year and I'd like to be a. .. . . ...... .... .... ....... .
2 I'm doing a business studies H .. H.. .. .. . H······ ··· ··· ·· It's about the different parts of a business, like finance,
people or marketing . It's really ...... ........ ... ... ... ... H·· ··· ···· ·· ..· I'd like to be a company .. ... .
3 I'm studying ........................... ......: It's about the legal system in different countries. I think it's a very
• • • • • • • . .. ... . H • course and there are lots of deadlines. I'd like to be a .. .

Watch Out!
I'm studying medicine. I'm learning about health and illness.

IJ How many syllables are there in these words?

business .... .. ...... ......... ..... H .. ... ..

mathematics

literature .. university ..

Listen and check. Then listen again and add the words to the correct stress patterns in the table below.

~ liJ Listen to the words below and add them to the table in Exercise 4.

chemistry college deadline engineering graduate graduation

history lecture medicine presentation project timetable

Listen and check your answers to Exercises 4 and 5. Listen again and repeat the words.
 Vocabulary: Collocations .

fl Match the verbs 1-5 with the nouns a-e to make collocations about studying. Then match the verbs
6-10 with the nouns f-j to make more collocations.

1 apply a presentations 6 go f in halls I with my family

2 be b for a scholarship 7 graduate 9 extra tuition
3 do c good results 8 have h to lectures I college
4 get d my homework 9 live an essay
5 give e in my first I second I final year 10 write from university I college

IIJ Complete the sentences with nouns from Exercise 7.

1 I hope I get good . .. ...... H • • • • •• • • • • this 3 I'm in my final .. at university.

semester. 4 I don't like giving ..
2 I graduated from ...... ...... ... .. ........ last 5 I'm writing an .... .. ...... . on international
summer. finance.

A.fl Listen to three speakers. Complete the sentences with the correct names, Lara, Dee or Marcel.

a H ••••••••• is filling out an application form .

b . .. ...... is having extra t uition .
c . ..... ..... ........ is preparing a presentation .

fi}] Look at the table and circle the correct word to complete the. rule.

• Use the present continuous to talk about an activity happening in the past I now.

'm 'm not

He I She I It 's 's not studying English this

You I We I They 're 're not semester.

A. IIJ Listen to the speakers again and read the texts below. Underline the twelve examples of the present
continuous.

1 I'm revising for an exam. It's my final year, and I'm working very hard . I'm having extra tuition, and my grades
are improving.
2 I'm visiting my brother at college. He's living in halls this year, and he's having a great time. I'm helping him
with his coursework this semester, and we're preparing a presentation at the moment.
3 I'm thinking about doing another course next year. I'm applying for a scholarship at a university in my
hometown, and I'm filling out the application form now.

m Complete the sentences below to describe what you are doing.

Watch Out!
at the moment =now or at this time
1 At the moment, I'm .. . ............... H .. . ..

2 This semester I'm

IJ Match the school subjects 1-4 with the definitions a- d.

1 numeracy a a school subject in which pupils do physical exercise or sport

2 literacy b a school subject in which children learn about religion and other religious matters
3 PE c the ability to work w ith numbers and do calculations(+, - , x, -;-)
4 RE d the ability to read and write

fl Label the pictures below, using the words from Exercise 1.

· 1'~$€.-v
· 012.34
. 5€789
• *Li..;J"':'
" 0+-~=
• #/fo&~.

1 . ................... . 2 3 4 .

fJ Write down the subjects you studied or are studying at school and write a short definition for each
one. Then compare your definitions with those in a dictionary.

fiJ Put the following in order, according to level of education. Rank them from low to high.

6th form college nursery school infant school master's degree

PhD secondary school bachelor's degree primary school

7 .. ········ ······· ···· ..... ...... ......... .

1 ........................................................ .
IJ What do you know about these student destinations and places of origin? Complete the table with
the words below.

Saudi Arabian Arabic Brussels Dutch (x2) German (x2) Hanoi Heidelberg
Japan Jeddah Kyoto Maastricht Vietnam Zurich

.. .

(1 ) Vietnamese Vietnamese (2 )

Ho Chi Minh City

Japanese Japanese Tokyo

(3 ) .... ... ........................ ..

(4l ........................... ..
Saudi Arabia Riyadh
(5 ) .. ......................... .. (6 ) .. .. .. ........ .. ....... ..

(7 ) .. ............ ... .. .... ....... ..

Germany German
(8 ) .. .. ......... ........... ........ . (9) ............. ... .................. ..
Munich

The Netherlands (10) ....... ...................... ....... Dutch Amsterdam

(11 ) . ...................... ....... .

Belgium (12) ........................... .. Belgian Leuven

French (13)

Switzerland French, Italian, Swiss Geneva

(14) .................................... (15) .. ......... ................... ..

Watch Out!

IJ Complete the sentences with remember or remind .

1 I will always . .. . ... .. .... ..... my first day at university.

2 Do you ... .... ...... . .. . ... which exercises the teacher told us to do?

3 I'll have to ........ .. .. .. .. . ..................... . .. my friend how to use the slide projector for the presentation .
4 Do you always ..... to hand your assignments in on time?
5 Could you .. .. .. me to take those books back to the library?
 Studying for exams

IJ Label the photos with the words below.

( revision exam hall test textbooks )

'--------~

..,J ;r r...;! r
I •,!\'I ll! \f_'ll~ "
1
( .

[ I'll) 'll.> I
{l_ll! \1_1~:::~~~--- (
I li!Sl'ORY (
[ 11 111<11 l l([c 1 [:;;.i·
fii:C X;It,\I'I IY (

1 2 3 4

Comparatives

Look at these examples of comparative sentences:

The population of China is large. It is larger than the population of Italy

Many students think physics is difficult. They say it is more difficult than art.
Spelling in Spanish is simple. At least, it is simpler than in English .
Some people think playing football is easy They think it is easier than learning maths.
Exercising in the gym is good for your health, but it is even better to exercise in the fresh air.

Do you know all the different rules (A-E) to form a comparative? Study the table.

add 'r' or 'er' put 'more' in front of add 'r' or 'er' add 'er' and change the spelling
the adjective change 'y' to 'i' into another word
large I larger difficult I more difficult simple I simpler easy I easier far I further
strong I stronger boring I more boring

fJ Form the comparative of these adjectives and write them in the correct column in the table below.

1 fast 3 clever 5 well 7 late 9 bad

2 interesting 4 nervous 6 slow 8 healthy 10 good

fa.stev

- Unit 7' Education

IJ Now match these adjectives with the rules (A-E) in the table on page 56. The first one has been done for
you.

1 fast A 4 nervous ... 7 healthy

2 interesting 5 slow .. 8 bad
3 clever 6 late ... 9 good

fiJ Complete the paragraph with words from the table in Exercise 2. Use each word once.

Some students think it is (1) .. .... to study for exams at night, when it is quiet. Others think it is
(2) .. .. . .... to go to bed early and get up early to do their exam revision. A lot of students enjoy
studying (3) .. . . ................ ..... subjects. Some like to revise at the last minute, but (4)
students need to plan their revision a long time in advance. Students who are (5) .. than
average before exams can go to classes to learn relaxation techniques.

Adjectives and adverbs

Watch Out!
Be careful not to confuse adjectives with adverbs.
Adjectives tell us more about nouns. They come before the noun.
Amira is a confident speaker.
Adverbs tell us more about verbs. They usually come after the verb.
Amira spoke confidently about her project on cultural exchanges.
Adverbs can also tell us more about adjectives.
Amira is an exceptionally confident speaker.

IJ Choose the words to complete these sentences.

1 The (intelligently I intelligent) students answered the exam questions (correct I correctly).
2 A (well I good) designed exam tests the students' knowledge (effectively I effective).
3 The examiner marked the tests as (fair I fairly) and as (quickly I quick) as possible.
4 The coursework on the programme this year was (unusual I unusually) (well I good).
5 The students' projects have been of an (extraordinary I extraordinarily) (high I highly) standard.

Unit 7 • Educat ion - '

 ' :

Unit 8

Types ofjobs

People at'work

IJ The pictures above show people at work. Match each picture with the person's occupation.

1 farmer 2 police officer ........... .... 3 businessman 4 doctor .. .

fJ Complete the definitions with one of the occupations in the pictures.

1 A ... ... ... . . . . . is a person who makes money by selling goods or services.
2 A . ... ..... .. .............. .... protects the public from cri minals.
3 A ............ is a person who is qualified in medicine.
4 A person who grows food is called a . ... ............. .... . . . . . .. .. .

Extending vocabulary . ;,;.

In th e Listening test, the words on the question paper may not always be the same as th e ones you hear on
the recording, so it is important to know as many w ords as possible that have similar meanings or that are
connected with the topic of the recording .

IJ Put the verbs in the correct place on the word map on page 59.

look after defend supply earn take care of

guard produce trade deliver

- Unit 8 • Work
 police officer

{3) protect
· - -- - -

(6) look at
(5) buy and sell

Phrasal verbs

Some verbs change their meaning when they are combined with other words. Phrasal verbs are verbs with two
parts, a verb followed by a particle; the particle is usually an adverb or a preposition.

liJ Complete the table with the appropriate prepositions.

1 look for search

2 1ook care for

3 1ook examine

4 1ook check

S look scan

IJ Complete the sentences with the most suitable phrasal verb from the table in Exercise 4.

1 I often ............ .. .. . ............ . ..... the newspaper for stories about local companies.
2 The family called the police to help them .. . ............... their missing son .
3 My friend is always worried about making mistakes in English and he often asks me to ..
his work.
4 When they arrived at the hospital, the doctor . . . .. . .. . .. ... his broken arm .
5 Will you . ................. the plants in my office while I'm on holiday?

IJ How many phrasal verbs can you make with the verbs below? Make a list and then compare your
answers with the phrasal verbs in a dictionary.

make give take get

Unit 8 • Work -
 Choosing a job

Vocabulary: Jobs

IJ Write the missing vowels in the words below.

1 b_s_n_ssm_n 2 chJ 3 j_ _rn_l_st 4 l_wy_r 5 n_rs_

6 p_l_c__ff_c_r 7 p_rs_n_l _ss_st_nt 8 t__ch_r 9 v_l_nt __

fJ Match four words from Exercise 1 with photos A-D.

IJ Complete the descriptions below with words from Exercise 1. Use your dictionary to help you.

1 I'm a . ... .. . . .. .. ... • . . . and I work different shifts each week. My job is to keep people safe.
2 I work for a national newspaper. I interview people and write articles. I'm a ....
3 I help my patients every day. I work in a hospital and I'm a ..
4 I work as a . ... ... .. . .. .. .. .. .. ..... ... ....... . . I work with animals and I have to look after them every day.
5 l'm a .. .. . . .. and I work in the city. I work with different companies and I make lots of
money.
6 I work in a school and my job is to help students pass exams. I'm a

~. IJ Listen and check.

Watch Out!
IJ What do you do? Write a short description of a job Learn the correct prepositions .
you have now or had in the past. (If you are a student, I work in a hospital I the city I a school.
write about someone you know.)
I work with animals.
I work for a national newspaper.

Voc;al:n.ll~ry:
.
Your
. job
. .
...,_

IJ Read the different reasons for applying for a job. Which ones are important to you?

to earn a good salary to work flexible hours

to help people to work for a well-known company

to travel the world to work in a modern office

to use languages to work with different people

A. fl Listen to three people talking about how c Two years ago, I worked as a volunteer in a
they got a job. Which speaker, a, b or c, ... hospital because I wanted to help people I
work with different people. I went to
1 wrote to the company director?
university, but I worked at the hospital each
2 had a part-time job? .. summer. I didn't want to travel the world I
3 worked during the summer? .. work in a modern office, so I applied for the
4 worked as a volunteer? job. Now I'm working flexible hours I earning
a good salary, and it's my dream job!
A.IJ Listen to the three speakers again. Choose
the correct options below.
Watch Out!
a I had a part-time I temporary job at the
My brother has two jobs. He works in a cafe
company and I really enjoyed it. My boss and
and he works as a fitness instructor. = specific
my colleagues were professional but very jobs
friendly. I volunteered I applied for a full-time
. It's difficult for people to find work in my
job in my final year at university and I got it.
country. = general description
The job is well paid, so I'm earning I saving
a good salary, and I also travel to lots of
different countries. It's an exciting job. fl Think about a job you (or someone you
b I work as a personal assistant at a very well- know) applied for in the past. Write a short
known company I office. I love my job. I got description. Include answers to these
my job last year. I worked here as a volunteer questions.
to get work experience I a qualification.
• What was the job?
I really enjoyed it, so I wrote to the company
director and asked for a job. I use my • Where was it?

languages I travel the world regularly and • Was it a full-time or part-time job?
I work with different people I flexible hours. • Why did you apply for this job?

Grammar: Have to

fi:1 Read the rule and look at the table. Then read the interview below and complete the dialogue with
the correct form of have to.

• Have to = there is an obligation or requirem ent to do somethin g

(present) have to don't have to

I I We I You I They
(past) had to didn't have to work long hours.
(present) has to doesn't have to get a qualification.
He I She I It
(past) had to didn't have to ·

A: What do you do?

B: I'm a manager. I work for a well-known international company, so I often (1) ............ . travel to
different offices around the world.

A: Did you have to get any qualifications or do any training for your job?

B: Yes, I did. I (2) .. ...... complete three training courses . Thankfully, I (3) ..
revise for any exams because the assessment was an interview and giving a presentation.

Unit8•-Work . -
 A: Do you have to wear a uniform or smart clothes?

8:1 (4) .... . .. ... wear a uniform, but I (5) . . ... .... wear a suit to meetings .

A: Do you have to work long hours?

B: Yes . At the moment, I need to work hard to complete a project.

A: What does your job involve?

B: Well, I (6) .... .... .......... .... . . .. meet lots of people, but I (7) .. . .. . .. .. .. .. speak different languages
because we all speak English. I often (8) ..... prepare reports or give presentations.

A. iiJ Listen and check.

m Answer the interview questions in Exercise 9 about your job (or talk about someone you know who
has a job).

IE'J Complete the text with the words below. There is one extra word.

( , ______a_s______fo_r_____ s_a_la_~______to______u_s_e_____w__e_ll _kn_o_w_n______w_e_ll_p_a_id________)

I really like my job. I work (1) . .... ... ......... ..... ......... a part-time manager in a university. I applied for
the job last year, and then I had (2) .. ... ............ .............. ... ...... go for an interview with the manager.
We talked about my work experience and why I wanted to work (3) ... . ... . .. .. . the
university. The university department is ve~ (4) . .. .... ............... .... .... all over the world and
I wanted to (5) .... .. . ........ ..... ................ . my languages and meet new people. My job isn't
(6) ... ..... . .. .. .. .. ·· ····'but I don't have to wor~ about money because I live with my family.

IJ When starting a company, you need to find ways of letting people know about it. What types of
communication has this restaurant used? Label the pictures with the words in the box.

(~______s_lo_g_an_________a_d_v_e_rt_is_em__en_t_________lo_g_o_________s_ig_n______,)

2 .................. .... .. 4 ....................... .

fJ Read the text below and underline the words that refer to types of messages. Don't use a dictionary.

EJ Find words in the text in Exercise 2 that mean the following:

1 ..... .. ..... .. ... : unwanted emails sent to a large number of people, as a way of advertising
2 ...... : the practices of a company paying for its product to be placed in a clear position in a film or
television programme as a form of advertising
3 . .. : very large signs on which posters are displayed
4 : small printed notices, usually distributed by hand, which are used to advertise a particular
company, service or event
5 . .. ... ........ ...... . .. : pieces of wood or objects that have been painted with pictures or words and which give
some information about a particular place, product or event
6 .... .. . . ......... . : a person who acquires goods and services for his or her own personal needs
7 .. . ...... : small windows containing an advertisement that appear on a computer screen
IJ Find words in the text in Exercise 2 that form collocations with the words in the table below.

1 vtewspttpev ads 5 logos

2 6 placements

3 7 commercials

4 agencies 8 age

I'J Complete the text with the words below.

comments individuals website web corporation focus activity

The word 'blog' is a combination of the words (1) '..... . .......... · and 'log'. It is a
(2) ... . . ... . ... ... .... ... ........... containing a series of dated entries. A blog can (3) .. on
a single subject of interest. Most blogs are written by (4) .... ...... ..... ..... ... ... .................. : But sometimes a political
committee, (5) .. ........ or some other group maintains a blog. Many blogs invite readers to
leave (6) .... .... on the site. This often results in a community of bloggers who write back
and forth to each other. The total group of web logs is the blogosphere. A 'blogstorm ' occurs when there is a
lot of blog (7) .. ..... . ................. .............. on a certain topic.

Watch Out!
 IJ Do the following nouns relate to general or more specific information? Complete the sentences with
a(n) or the.

1 .. .. ..... ... . .. . blog can be written by individuals or groups.

2 Within seconds of leaving your house, you will probably see .. advertisement.
3 I quite enjoy watching ... .. TV commercial for th e first time .
4 Technology is very important in . ....... .... world of advertising.
5 Yellow is . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . ...... .. colour to be seen in this season .

Technology at work

Match the words and phrases 1-6 with the words a-f to describe things you can do with computers
and mobile technology.

1 downloading a networking

2 texting or b an email
3 sending c conferencing
4 social d music
5 video e computer game

6 playing a f messaging .

fJ To connect two agreeing ideas, we can use linking words or phrases such as in addition, moreover,
furthermore and also. Look at the example.

Computers give employees In addition, Moreover, computers make communication

instant access to company Furthermore, Also, with people in different parts of the
information. company more time effective.

We can also add an example using for example.

Computers give employees instant access to company information, for example , details of projects and how
they are progressing.

Read the essay questions and complete each sentence below with an agreeing idea.

1 Why is using a computer for long periods of time bad for workers?
Using a computer for long periods of time is bad for workers' eyes .
In addition, . .. .. . .. . . ..
2 How can technology help us at work?
Technology at work makes it easier to communicate with other companies.

Furthermore, . .. .... ... . ..... ............... ..

3 How can social networking be negative?
Social networking can be a waste of time. Also, .. . . .. ....

- Unit 8 • Work
 To contrast ideas, we can use linking words or phrases such as however, yet, although and on the
other hand. Look at the examples.

Computers give employees However, On the other hand, if there is a problem with the
access to company information. computer system, it means no one
can access the information.
Computers give employees yet if there is a problem with the
access to company information, computer system, it means no one
can access the information.

Read the essay questions and complete each sentence below with a contrasting idea.

Why is using a computer for long periods of time bad for workers?
Using a computer for long periods of time is bad for workers' eyes, yet
2 How can technology help us at work?
Technology makes it easier to communicate with other companies. However,
3 How can social networking be negative?
Social networking can be a waste of time for some people. On the other hand,

Watch Out!
Remember that some linking words (e.g. However) must start a new sentence after a full stop. Other linking
words (e.g. although) join two clauses within one sentence.
/like mobile phones, however I don't like texting. ;<
/like mobile phones. However, I don't like texting. .I
/like mobile phones. Although I don't like texting. ;<
/like mobile phones although I don't like texting. .I

IJ Correct the mistakes in the sentences below.

1 Technology is a good thing because it helps people communicate more easily also it helps people do their
jobs more efficiently.
2 People should always pay for music and not download it illegally. Downloading illegally is bad for the music
industry. In addition, musicians.
3 Computers have some negative points. It is not always easy to fix a computer if it goes wrong. In addition,
there are lots of people who can fix computers .
4 Mobile phones can be dangerous if they are used in a car. However, they can be dangerous for pedestrians
who use them when crossing the road.

Unit 8 • Work -
IJ Match the photos A-D with four types of holidays below. Use your dictionary to help you.

activity holiday beach holiday city break coach tour cruise

family holiday honeymoon learning holiday round-the-world trip safari

fl Put the words below with the correct verb in the table.

day trips historical sites lessons or a course local festivals

new sports photos sightseeing swimming in the sea
tourist attractions traditional restaurants water sports

fJ Write a short description of your last holiday. Use expressions from Exercise 2 to describe what
you did.
 Vocah~·la,cy: 'Opp9~it~ · adjectiv~~
I _,•,,.! .·' • - r • ' '-'· ._. •

IJ Match the adjectives 1-6 with their IJ Complete the sentences with a suitable
opposites a-f. adjective from Exercise 4.

1 beautiful a traditional 1 The beaches were .... and the

2 comfortable b unfriendly weather was lovely!

3 delicious c boring 2 We stayed in a .... hotel. It was

lovely!
4 exciting d horrible
3 I learnt to do water sports. It was
5 friendly e disgusting
• H H and I'd like to do it again .
6 modern f uncomfortable
4 We went on a family holiday last year and my
mother cooked H meals.
..... H . . . HH ••

5 I went on a city break to New York and the

people were so H ... H. • . .... ... .

6 My sister and I did an English course abroad

and the teachers were very .. .
7 There was a short bus ride to the hotel, but
the journey was really H ••

R. IJ Usten to Richard talking about his holiday plans. Which activities is he going to do? Put a .I or a X in the table.

1 learn new sports

2 take lessons

3 go swimming in the sea

4 go sightseeing

5 visit local festivals

6 eat in traditional restaurants

7 go on day trips

fl Look at the activities in Exercise 6 again and complete the table with your own answers. Put a .I or a
X for activities you did on your last holiday and activities you are going to do on your next holiday.

IJ Read the rules and look at the table below. Then look at your answers to Exercise 7 and describe
what you are going to do on your next holiday.

• Use be going to + an infinitive.

• Use be going to for future plans.

'mlam 'm not I am not going to take lots of photos.

He I She I it 'sl is isn't I is not

going to visit Europe next year.
We I You I They 'reI are aren't I are not
 Watch Out!
I'd like to travel the world. = a hope for the future
I'm going to visit Europe next year. = a plan or decision about the future

, • .. 'l'. ·, I • • ~'J..~. ·~·· .

Pronunciation: ·/a/ and. sentence stress

R. fl Listen to the two sentences below. How is

to pronounced - strong (with stress) /tu:/,
~ m Listen to the sentences below. Underline
the stressed words.
or weak (no stress) /tal?
1 I'm going to stay in a hotel.
1 I'm going to study in America. 2 I'm not going to take any photos.
2 I'm going to study in America. 3 I'm going to eat in traditional restaurants.

Mt fiiJ Read and listen to the sentences below.

4 We're going to visit historical sites.
5 We're not going to learn a new sport.
Pay attention to the underlined stressed
words. Then listen again and repeat each 6 We're going to go sightseeing.

R. m
sentence, copying the pronunciation.
Listen again to the sentences in Exercise
1 I'm 9Qiog to visit England .
11 and repeat. Practise the /a/ sound and
2 I'm not going to visit Spain . using correct sentence stress.

Watch Out!
Ia! is a very common and important sound in English. Practise using /a/ to improve your English
pronunciation and learn to recognize it when you hear it in a word.

Where people go on holiday

IJ You can use certain verbs to describe changes in the lines on line graphs. Match the verbs below
with the lines on these graphs. Write 1, 2, 3 or 4 next to each verb.

1 2
40 40

?:ff ~
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 I 0 I
1980 1990 2000 2010 1980 1990 2000 2010

3 4
40 40
30 30
20
10
0
1980 1990 2000 2010
20
10
0 I ::?:
1980 1990 2000 2010

to increase 1 to fall to remain stable to decrease to go down

to fluctuate to rise to drop to go up

-
to stay the same

Unit 9 • Holidays al'ld travel

 Complete the table with the correct past simple forms of the verbs and any matching nouns.

to increase increased 1
to rise 2 a rise

to go up went up
to decrease 3 a decrease

to fall fell 4
to go down 5
to drop dropped 6

to fluctuate 7 a fluctuation

to remain stable remained stable

IJ You can use adverbs to describe verbs and adjectives to describe nouns.

40 40
30 30 I
20 20 I
10 10 I
0 0
1980 1990 2000 2010 1980 1990 2000 2010
o.d.jective o.d.j echve
There was a gradual increase in There was a sharp rise in the
the number of tourists. number of tourists.

40 40
30 30 I
20 20 I
10 10 I
0 0
1980 1990 2000 2010 1980 1990 2000 2010

o.~vevb o.~vevb
The number of tourists increased The number of tourists rose
graduallv. sharplv.

Watch Out!
Remember that adjectives come before nouns and adverbs come after verbs.
a rapid (adjective) + decrease (noun)
decreased (verb) +rapidly (adverb)
Adverbs such as fast and hard are irregular. (not fastly, 17ttffl/y)

Unit 9 • Holidays and travel -

 IJ Complete the sentences about the graphs. Use suitable adverbs or adjectives if possible.

1 2
Holidays to France Number of travellers on
(in millions) long-haul flights (in millions)

6 6

4 4

2 2

0 0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2006 2008 2010 2012

3 4
Money spent on holidays Price of skiing holidays (in
2009 (in thousands of $) hundreds of£)

6 6

4 4

2 2

0 0
June July Aug Sep 2005 2006 2007 2008

1 There was a ........ sha:r.p. _i':1_cr.e_t;t~_e __ .. ..... in the number of holidays to France in 2008 .
2 The number of travellers on long-haul flights between 2006 and 2012 .

3 There was a ...... .. ... ........... .... .. in the amount of money spent on holidays in August 2009 .
4 The price of skiing holidays.... ........... .............................. .. in 2008.

IJ You may need to use time expressions to explain when something started or finished, or to explain
when something changed. For example:

from 1999 to 2012 between 2010 and 2014 for ten years twenty years ago
in 2010 since 1980 in January

Complete the time expressions in the sentences describing graphs 1-4 in Exercise 4.

1 There was a slight increase in holidays to France between 2006 ..................... ........ 2007.
2 The number of long-haul flights fluctuated ........................................ six years.
3 The money spent on holidays remained stable .......... .. ..... .. .. .. .. .... ......... .... June and July.
4 The price of skiing holidays rose slightly ................. ... .............. . .... 2005 to 2006.

- Unit 9:• f,lolidays a~d trayei .

 Completing forms

Nations and nationalities

IJ Quiz: Can you match the countries below with the maps A-D?

Malaysia Portugal Japan United Arab Emirates (UAE)

../
A ·t B

Nationalities are often formed by changing the endings of the names of countries. Look at the
examples in the table below. Add the names of the countries below to the appropriate rows. Then
complete the nationality column.

( ______F
_i_nl_a_nd___________v_e_ne_z_u_e_la__________ ~_e_m_e_n___________v_ie_tn_a_m___________lr_a_n______)

Australia -n Australian

Egypt -ian Egyptian

2
Britain -ish British

3 ............. ................ .... .

Japan -ese Japanese

4
Pakistan -i Pakistani

5 .. .................................. ..

Unit 9 • Holidays and travel -

 fJ Complete the sentences about national airlines with
the correct nationality. .;;>' Departure 1' tD Bagcla1m

1 Japan Airlines is a ..
2 Air China is a . .. airline .
.. airline. ,J.I Arrival ~ a Baggage hall

Gate IGaie ~
3 EgyptAir is an . .. . airline.
L._
~ 20 21 ~ !A Customs control .7'
4 Emirates is an
5 TAP Portugal is a .
.. . airline.

airline .
Connecting 1
Flights ~
+ I
""'
~ Passport control
::::~ /
~
'
.... ...... ...... "" ' '''

6 Malaysia Airlines is a airline.

.. .. ...... ....... ...... .. Terminal1 ~ Gates 1-29 1'
Gates 30-54 71
f- ~~~ Check-in Gates 55-79 -7

IJ Complete the notes with information from the flight arrivals board below.

Spavtish ~i~ht arrived at (1)

Fli~ht CCA15SO from (2) ........ .. ........ arrived at 6.00
Emimti ~i~ht vto (3) .... . ...... .. ... . ... delayed
Fli~ht TAP1330 dt.te 7.30 from (4) . lavtded TermiMI
(5) . ... . .. .

·. !::' . ' ..
·'.

05 .00 Madrid Iberia IBE0567 50 Arrived 04.50

06.15 Beijing Air China CCA1550 15 Arrived 06.00

06.50 Dubai Emirates UAE1880 13 Delayed

07.30 Lisbon TAP TAP1 330 16 Landed

A-liJ Now listen to a taxi driver talking to a travel agent about the flight arrivals and check your answers.

- Unit 9 • Holidays and travel

IJ Label the pictures.

motorway country lane dual carriageway path

1 2 3 4

fJ Circle the best word.

1 A runway I motorway I street is a major road that has been specially built for fast travel over long distances;
it has several lanes and special slip roads to enter and exit.
2 A bridge I pavement I path is a way between two places that people can walk along.
3 A main road I dual carriageway I freeway is the British equivalent for what the Americans call a 'divided
highway': a road which has two lanes of traffic travelling in each direction, with a strip of grass or concrete
down the middle to separate the two lots of traffic.
4 A country lane I cycle lane I pavement is a narrow road in the countryside.

IJ Read the blog below about a daily commute (a journey made regularly between one's home and
one's place of work). Underline all the phrases that relate to places and circle the ones that refer to
travel or transport. Do not use a dictionary.

commuter101 Is anybody else fed up with roadworks? Is it just here in London where they are appearing all
at once, or is it the same everywhere? It's added an hour to my journey. EACH WAY.

Heather98 Pretty much the same here, commuter! 01. I have to do a round trip of 120 kilometres between
Cheltenham and Birmingham every day and pass (very slowly!) 3 areas with roadworks on different parts of
the M5. It's doubling the time it takes me to get to and from work.

Musicfan2 Take a train , guys. Last time I checked, trains were going regularly between Cheltenham and
Birmingham. And in London you've got the Tube.

CharlotteL. It's driving me crazy too . There are roadworks near the service station by Junction 9 on the M6.
It's like the traffic is at a standstill there. I try to avoid it but it's not always possible.

Heather98 @ Musicfan2: Not an option, I'm afraid. I am a sales rep and need my car during the day.

chico I agree with Musicfan2. Instead of complaining about roadworks, the cost of petrol, the price of cars,
etc. we need to think about other options. And I don't mean car sharing or building more motorways. I say
we try to save our environment by campaigning for better bus and train networks and for different types of
public transport such as trams. Use your time and anger to try and make a difference!

commuter101 What time? I'm stuck in a traffic jam!!(©)

IJ Look back at the blog in Exercise 3 and find the following:

1 a phrase used in informal language that means 'to be tired of something'

2 an informal phrase that means 'almost' .. ..... .. .. ..... .
3 a phrase that means 'a trip to a place and back again' .. .
4 th e names of two motorways in Britain ..
5 a phrase that refers to places in Britain that sell things such as petrol and oil, but usually also provide toilets
and sell food, drink and other goods ..... . ..... .. ....... .... .....
6 a word that means 'a point on a motorway where traffic may leave or join it' ...
7 a word that means 'a complete stop of movement' ......... .......... .
8 a word that is short for 'representative' ..
9 a word that refers to activities that people carry out over a period of tim e in order to achieve something such
as social, political or commercial change

Watch Out!
The language that writers use in texts depends on the readers that they expect. For example, in blogs you
will find informal language whereas in journal articles you find formal language. In very informal texts you may
also find capitalizations, emoticons (smileys) and exclamations marks (LIKE THIS©!). In order to understand
texts better, ask yourself what sort of language is being used and who the intended readers of the text are.

IJ Copy and complete the table. Put the words and phrases below into two categories: formal or neutral
or informal.

to be fed up to commute almost pretty much a rep

a campaign guys options anger a junction

!-i=ormal.or neutral
""' - ' ' ' ~ •- ; ' •• < ~ •
. c
'
•
~
.- • : •
o
• •• •••
'
• :
; I
•.

IJ Match the sentences 1-4 with the types of text a-d they have most likely been taken from.

1 Nowadays, there is increasing traffic on our roads. a newspaper article

2 The current traffic problems will be analysed with the aid of practical models. b academic journal
article
3 The traffic is getting ridiculous ... ARGH! c student essay
4 Traffic problems are bringing the UK to a standstill, road organizations have claimed. d personal email
 ·Food and nutrition

meat dairy products vegetables fruit

IJ Complete the food words with the correct vowels.

1 p_t_t__s 5 b- _f 9 l_mb
2 b_n_n_s 6 ch_rr_ _s 10 c_rr_ts
3 c_bb_g_ 7 ch__s_ 11 p_n __ ppl_
4 t_rk_y 8 b_tt_r 12 y_gh_rt

fJ Complete the table by putting the foods in Exercise 1 into the correct column.

. . .. '

Countable and uncountable nouns

Some nouns can be countable and uncountable. They often become uncountable when they are prepared for
eating, e.g.

There are ten chickens in the field. I Would you like some chicken?
I bought two cauliflowers yesterday./ My son doesn't like cauliflower.

fJ Say whether the following foods are countable (C), uncountable (U) or both (C I U).

1 carrot Cd f!.. . 7 bread 13 lemon • • • • ' • • • • • 0 • • • •

2 rice ............................. 8 egg ..... ....... ········· 14 fish

3 lamb ............ ... ............. 9 pea ... . .... . .... . . •••. • 15 chip ... . .. , ... ...

4 bean ..
·················· 10 coffee 16 milk .. .. ...... . ....
.

5 butter ................... 11 oil 17 cabbage

6 onion ......... .. ....... ... ........ 12 sugar 18 salad

Unit_10 • H~altht~
 Cooking terms and methods

IJ Match the cooking verbs 1-10 with the phrases a-j.

1 roast a in hot oil

2 steam b into a mixing bowl
3 fry c the mixture together
4 grill d in the oven
5 boil e the bread in a hot oven
6 bake f the ingredients well
7 peel g over boiling water
8 rub h directly over the flame
9 pour in hot water
10 mix the potatoes before cooking

Weights and measures

IJ Complete the list of ingredients for making pancakes. Choose from the list of weights and measures
in the table.
Pa.11ca.kes

gram (g) millilitre (ml) 1.3 . offlo~A-Y

kilogram (kg) litre (I)

300 ...... ........... ... .. ... of SIA.~tl.Y

Watch Out! 2 ........................... . of wtilk
There are different ways to express numbers, for example
50 ........ of cooki11~ oil
1V2 (one and a half) or 1.5 (one point five) kilos . Notice that
we use a plural form for anything over one: one kilo, but one
and a quarter kilos; one litre , but one and a half litres .

JJ Complete these equivalents.

14 = a quarter Y2 =a half 1.13 =one eighth % = a third

(1) .. ........... ..... ... =three quarters 2..13 = (2) . %= (3) (4) .. .. = seven eighths

~ fl You will hear a list of ingredients. Circle the correct quantity. Then write in a different way to express
the same quantity.

apples 1 kg I V2 kg
2 sugar 250 g I 215 g
3 flour 330 g I 130 g
4 butter 120 g I 200 g
5 milk 1.1; 1151
 .Sport and exercis~

Vocabulary: Healthy activities ·

IJ Match the activities below with the photos A-D.

do sports eat well play board games sleep for eight hours every night

Watch Out!
Use an adverb with a verb. Don't use an adject1ve with a verb.
It's important to eat well. ~Htreat--goeet

fJ Complete the table with the activities from Exercise 1 and the activities below.

do taekwondo do yoga draw pictures have a healthy diet

.A fJ Listen to Jack talking about things he does to keep healthy. Complete the description below.

brain training games doing yoga good for important to makes me feel on my own

I like (1) H. • • .. .... . ... ...... ........ and playing (2) .... . ... . ...... .... .. .. ... . I enjoy doing these
activities (3) HH··· . . . . . . . . . . HH H because I work in a busy, noisy office every day. It's
............

(4) . . relax after a hard day. Yoga (5) .. ..... . ... .... .... ... ....... .. .. . . ........
H • • relaxed
and I think brain training games are (6) . . my mind . H •

IJ Write a short description of something you do to keep healthy. Say:

• what it is • where you do it

• how often you do it • who you do it with

'~-· .... . ..
~ . ,~: ·~~~=r·.. ,~~:·-~, ~-- - ·: . . .,_ .. · . ,_ ·.
~

Vocabi.dary:'~Givin'g ·explanatioris
. . - 2 • ,, ( ~ 'Q. w.u... •

~. fjJ Listen to Charles and Rosa talking about healthy activities they do. What is the activity they like
doing and who do they do it with?

.· Unit 10 • Health ~-
~ IJ Listen again and complete the sentences with the words below.

C.____ _
happy _ _
hard __ _
keep your _____..)
mind active

1 It's
2 It's important to
3 It makes me feel .. ...... .......... . .. . . .......

f,l Match the words and phrases below to the sentence beginnings in Exercise 6.

challenging great healthy interesting keep fit

relax after college relaxed relaxing work in a team

fJ Think of two healthy activities you do and give an explanation about why you like each one.
Use the expressions in Exercises 6 and 7 to help you.

Pro~L!nciat.
. -~
.....
ion: Contractions·
.
"· - :~;:-.:~ -~~~- •" '

IJ Circle the contraction (= two words made

into one word) in each sentence.
R~ m Listen and repeat the sentence in Exercise 9.
Pay attention to the contractions.

1 It's good for you.

Watch Out!
2 It isn't good for you.
Try to pronounce contractions clearly to
3 It's really bad for you. make your speaking sound natural. Learning
4 It's important to stay healthy. and using contractions will also help you
5 You shouldn't eat junk food . to recognize them when other people are
speaking.

G·~~·m,ni.~rf:Should I shouldn.'t . I

' , ;lrJ-~ -~ ~.\.f{;, ••-. .' • . . ·- ·.~.; • • ·:· ,'/,_...._. '!J;:~···

fJ] Read the rules. Then choose the correct 2 I should I shouldn't try to do more exercise.
words to complete the sentences. It's important to stay healthy.

o Use should or shouldn't to make a 3 Playing the piano makes me feel relaxed .
suggestion . You should I shouldn't try it.

o Use should to say something is a good idea. 4 You should I shouldn't study late at night.
It's really bad for your health.
o Use shouldn 't to say something is a bad idea.
5 People should I shouldn't play board games
o Put should and shouldn't before the main verb.
like chess . They're good for your mind.
Circle the correct words. 6 You should I shouldn't ask your friend to do
your homework.
I should I shouldn't eat lots of junk food. It
isn't good for my body.
IJ Match the following sports equipment to the pictures.

bat racket board club )

~------------------------------~

1 . ........ ............ 2 3 ... ·· ······-······ .......... ....... . 4

fJ Can you name two sports that use a racket, two sports that use boards and two sports that use a
bat? Use a dictionary to check your ideas.

racket:

board:

bat:

IJ Read the definitions 1-4. Which of the games and sports below are being described? Then write a
definition for cine of the other sports in a similar way.

cricket water polo windsurfing basketball golf netball tennis badminton swimming

1 a game in which a person uses long sticks (called clubs) to hit a small, hard ball into holes that are spread
out over a large area of grassy land: ...... .
2 a game played by two or four players in which the players use a light racket to hit a cone with feathered
flights (called a shuttlecock) over a high net: .... .... ............. .
3 a sport in which a person moves along the surface of the sea or a lake on a long narrow board with a sail
on it:
4 an outdoor game played between two teams in which players try to score points (called runs) by hitting
a ball with a wooden bat: ....... ........... ......... .................. ...... .

fiJ Do the adjectives below describe positive or negative feelings? Write them in the correct columns.
Then use a dictionary to check your answers. Can you add any more words to either column?

afraid amazed amused angry annoyed anxious ashamed bored calm confident
curious delighted depressed disappointed embarrassed excited frightened glad guilty
happy jealous miserable nervous relaxed sad terrible tired wonderful
 Watch Out!
A common mistake is to mix up adjectives ending -ing and -ed, for example boring I bored or amused I
amusing. The -ed ending normally describes feelings, and the -ing ending describes things (often the cause
of the feelings).
X The film was long and I was boring .
./ The film was long and it was boring. I The film was long and I was bored.

IJ Complete the sentences with the words below ending in -ed or -ing so that the sentences are true
for you. You can use the words more than once.

surprise frighten excite embarrass satisfy annoy

disappoint depress amaze tire amuse relax

1 In the evening I feel more 0

_ _ • _ _ • .... than in the morning.
2 I usually find black and white films
3 I have never found any of my exam results _...
4 Classical music makes me feel
5 There are still a lot of poor people in the world, which is
6 I don't have any _ __ _ ____ _ _ . _. _ _..... hobbies.
7 I think animals are
8 I don't get easily ...

Healthcare and lifestyle

IJ Match the pictures to the words in the box.

(~________Pa_t_ie_n_t _____________h_os_p_it_a_l _____________m_e_d_ic_i_ne______________d_o_c_to_r______~)

f,J Complete the texts with the words below.

cure junk food medicines overweight exercise illness

Nowadays, many children are (1) .. _ 0

___ .There are many reasons for this; some people blame
_ ... . ____ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

the amount of (2) _ . _ that is available, and others claim it is because children do not get
enough (3) __ _ __. ,. The reality is that childhood obesity is probably a combination of factors.

- Unit 10 • Health
 Doctors have been trying to find a (4) . . for the common cold for years. A cold, which
is a relatively harmless (5) . . . ·' can occur at any time of the year and may mean that a
person cannot work for days. There are many (6) ... . for treating colds but they cannot
cure them.

fJ The first conditional is used to show causes and effects in real situations. First conditional
structures have two clauses:

if-clause (condition I cause) main clause (result I effect)

if+ subject + present simple, subject + will I can I should I could I might I may + infinitive without to

If my cold gets worse, I will go to bed. or I will go to bed if my cold gets worse.

Complete the sentences with phrases a-c. Then underline all the result clauses.

a Children might become overweight

b people will have fewer absences from work
c they may live longer
1 If doctors find a cure for the common cold ,
2 if they eat too much junk food .
3 If people exercise every day,

The second conditional is used to show causes and effects in unlikely situations. Second conditional
structures have two clauses:

if-clause (condition I cause) main clause (result I effect)

if+ subject + past simple, subject + would I could I might + infinitive without to

If all illnesses were cured, everybody would be happy. or Everybody would be happy if all illnesses were cured.

Use these notes to write second conditional sentences. Keep the information in the order given.

1 Doctors receive better training. Patient care improve.

If ~octors receLve~ hettedra.LVILVI~ 1 pcttLeVtt cct~e wo~.-tl~ Lmprove.
2 Junk food not exist. People not be overweight. .
3 People live longer. All diseases cured . .... ..... ....... .. . . ....... ...... ..
4 Hospitals free. More people live longer. .
5 No doctors. A lot more illness . .. ..

Watch Out!
Remember that there is only one clause with will I would in conditional sentences.
If we will eat more fruit, we will be more /Jealthy. X
_If we eat more fruit, we will be more healthy. ./

Unit 10 • Health -
 education
value

protection religion

respect speech

thought
press

IJ The words below are related to professional meetings and responsibilities. Write the words in the
correct categories. Use a bilingual dictionary to help you.

minutes (of a meeting) election committee voting secretary

representative nomination member council chairperson

l • • • • • 6 • • •

-
fJ Complete the text with words from Exercise 1. There may be more than one answer for some of the
gaps. You may need to make some words plural.

Beech Lane School Parent (1) ...

(2) •••• •• • • • •••• •• •• H .. .. . ... . .. ... . . of the meeting held on October, 2012

Apologies were received from Mrs Smart.

There were two points covered:

1) Because of the long-term absence of Mrs Smart, we will have a I an (3) for a
new (4) H to lead the meetings. We need all the (5) ..
• • • H • H ••• •

two weeks before the next meeting. Any (6) .. who attends that meeting will be
H. H .. .. . . . . . . . H. H ......... ..

able to take part in the (7)

2) The school fair was discussed . A list of duties was drawn up and will be sent to everybody by Friday. It is
expected that everyone will do their best to help out on the day.

IJ Which words are being defined? Try to write the answers without looking back at Exercises 1 and 2.

1 : a group of people that controls a group or organization

2 : a group of people chosen or appointed to perform a specified service or
function
3 : a person who handles correspondence, keeps records and does general
clerical work for an individual, organization, etc.
4 :an official record of the proceedings of a meeting, conference, convention,
etc.
5 : a person who has authority over a meeting, a committee, a debate, a
department, etc.

Watch Out!
In English, the normal word order is subject- verb- object, so we are used to seeing a verb and its subject
together. However, sometimes the noun immediately before the verb is not the subject, so when you are
skim-reading, be careful to look at the whole subject.
The staff members who need to speak to the parents are not here today. (It is not the parents, but the staff
members, who need to speak to the parents, who are not here.)
The decision which was made by the school council is not popular. (It is the decision made by the school
council , not the school council, that is unpopular.)

fiJ Read the sentences and answer the questions with the full subject. Then underline the most
important noun in the subject.

1 The photographs of the people partying on the beach with my sisters are beautiful.
Who or what are beautiful?
2 The importance of the education I received in the UK should not be forgotten.
What should not be forgotten?
3 The details of the cases involving the teenagers who travelled without passports are not known yet.
What are not known?
4 The secret of a successful career, according to my mother, is to have children first, when you are still young.
What is this sentence mainly about: the secret, a career or a mother?
 Making choices

Complete the speech bubbles with the words below. Then match each person with the photos A-D.

abroad commute fare pollution traffic jams rush hour service crowded

1 Generally, I like driving, but in the 3 I take the bus to school because the
. t~t;h .h<114Y. . . , when there is a lot is cheap and there
of traffic, it can be really frustrating. The are discounts for students. Also, the
roads are really busy here, so there are is fast and reliable.
all the time.
0 0
2 I work in the city and I 4 I often travel for my
to work by underground . It's really quick work, so I spend a lot of time in airports.
and easy, but it can also be extremely I like flying, but I worry about the amount of
. ................ ........... .. ...... - I almost never get that is caused by the
a seat! DO airline industry.

fJ Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive with to or an -ing form.

Verb + infinitive with to

I expect to see him at the airport.

Everyone wants to travel to other countries.

I always choose to travel by train.

He decided to buy a new car.

I promise to visit you next week.

He appears to be travel sick!

We planned to catch the 10.30 bus.

Verb+ -ing

I enjoy travelling by train.

Some people cannot resist driving everywhere.

She suggested driving to the airport.

They considered taking the underground.

- Unit 11 • Taking responsibility

Choose the correct word in each sentence.

1 The government promised not to increase I increasing the price of train travel.
2 Many people enjoy to travel I travelling by plane.
3 We suggest to find I finding alternative sources of fuel.
4 People want to travel I travelling cheaply.
5 Oi l companies are considering to raise I raising petrol prices.
6 The government plans to change I changing their policy on air travel.
7 We can expect to see I seeing a rise in the number of people who own cars.
8 I have decided to commute I commute to work by bus.

Complete the text by putting the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

Many people (1) e~t~j oy ~YlVll-19 (enjoy- drive), but they shou ld try to walk as much as
possible. Although using public transport is better than driving, it still pollutes th e environment . If everyone
(2) (decide- walk) at least twice a week, this might have a significant
effect on levels of pollution. People who (3) (choose- walk) to
work or school might also become fitter. People who manage to walk a short distance every day
(4) (appear - feel) healthier and less stressed . Unfortunately, many people
are unable (5) (resist - use) their cars because they have busy lives .

To talk about things in general, we often use a noun with zero (no) article or a plural.

I try to use public transport. (not #te public transport)

Cars cause a lot of pollution. (not #te cars)

However, with specific nouns, we need an article (a I an or the).

Get into the car. (= I know which car.) I want to buy a car. (=I don't know which car.)
The sun is a long way from the Earth . (=There is only one sun and one Earth in our solar system .)

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the noun in brackets and add the correct article
(zero article, a I an or the).

1 Tn:tl~t~s (train) cause less pollution than cars.

2 (pollution) is a common problem in cities .
3 (public transport) is a common way of travelling in town .
4 (car) are one of th e most popular form s of transport.
5 You'll need (passport) to travel to other countries.
6 You can book flights and accommodation on . (Internet).

Unit 11 • Taking responsibility

 D
c
IJ Match the photos A-D with the events below. There are two extra events.

coming of age getting married getting your first job

graduating from university travelling on your own for the first time winning a sports competition

A, fJ Listen to John talking about one of the events • What was the event?
in Exercise 1. Answer the questions below. • Who was there?
1 What was the event? • How did you feel?
2 Who was there?
3 How did he feel? Watch Out!
Learn the endings of irregular verbs: feel - felt
fJ Have you experienced one of the events
How did he feel?
in Exercise 1 or a similar event? How did
I felt very excited.
you feel? Make notes. Then write a short
description and record your description.

liJ Put the adjectives below into the correct group. (Most of the adjectives are in pairs.)

bored I boring delighted excited I exciting relaxed I relaxing

satisfied I satisfying surprised I surprising terrified I terrifying tired I tiring

.@,;IJ Listen to Paul talking about an important event. Circle the adjectives from Exercise 4 that you hear.
AD Complete the text with your answers from Exercise 5. Then listen again and check.

I was very nervous before the national championships . I felt (1) We travelled to the
city the night before and it was a long and (2) .... .. .. .. journey on the bus. We were all really
(3) . .. .. . . ... . ... .. .. . . . when we woke up the next day.
Finally, our match started. I was (4) ...... Watch Out!
because some of the players on my team were very Use adjectives ending with -ed to
(5) ................... . .. . . . . ...... .. .. : The opposition were an excellent describe your feelings. We were all tired.
team and the match was (6) .. . . .. .. ............... • but Use adjectives ending with -ing to
thankfully we won! We were all (7) describe a thing or an event. The
and I think our manager was (8) match was tiring.
with the result. It was a really (9)
event for me.

R, fl Listen to the sentences. Which word has the most stress in each sentence?

1 I was very bored at my brother's graduation.

2 I feel really tired at the end of the week.
3 I was very surprised when I passed all my exams.
4 I felt really excited when I travelled on my own.

~ IJ Listen again and repeat. Remember to stress really and very to give emphasis.

Listen to Peter comparing different events a student experiences. Match the sentence beginnings
1-4 and the sentence endings a-d. Then listen again and check.

1 I think the most important event a undergraduates.

2 It is more important than b taking exams.
3 Graduates are happier than c for a student is graduation day.
4 Finding a job is more worrying than d end-of-year exams.

IIJ1 Choose the correct word in each sentence.

1 It was the more I most exciting day of my life.

2 I think graduation day is a more I most important day than your first day at school.
3 In my opinion, studying in your hometown is better than I best studying in another town.
4 I really like travelling with friends. It's more I most interesting than travelling alone .
5 My more I most important event at university was passing my
end-of-year exams. Watch Out!
6 I was happier I happiest when I passed my driving test than learn the different forms of adjectives.
when I passed my exams. good-+ better (comparative form) -+
7 The first day in my job was more I most worrying than my first best (superlative form)
day at college.
 m Read the statements below. Do you agree? Change the statements to make them true for you.

1 Studying in your hometown is better than studying in another town or country.

2 People who are getting married are happier than people who are coming of age.
3 Travelling on your own is more boring than travel li ng with others .
4 Passing a driving test is more exciting than passing exams at school.
5 The most important event for a student is end-of-year exams.

m Complete the paragraph with the words below. There is one extra word.

boring felt happier most nervous than the wasn't younger

For me, I think (1) most important event in my life was passing my driving test. I am
(2) than all my friends and they all passed their test before me. I remember I was really
(3) before each of my driving lessons. I (4) very good at the theory because
I found it (5) . I was (6) . driving a car (7) reading about the ru les.
But when the day of the test came, I (8) confident.

Time management

IJ Match the words below with the photos A- D. There are some words you don 't need to use.

career relaxation stress factory employer deadline study

A B c D

Words that have similar meanings

fJ Circle the word in each list that does not have a similar meaning to the others.

1 career job hobby profession occupation

2 relaxation leisure rest holidays work
3 stress worry difficulty pressure comfort
4 factory beach office shop workshop
5 employer boss owner worker manager
6 deadline limit goal target start

- Un it 11 • Taki ng responsibility
 Noun or verb?

IJ Some of the words in Exercise 2 are nouns and some are nouns and verbs. Copy and complete the
table with the words from Exercise 2. Use a dictionary to check your answers.

career

fiJ Although the words in Exercise 3 have similar meanings, they are not exactly the same. Complete
the sentences with the best word from Exercise 3.

1 Margaret decided to apply for a new .... to earn more money.

2 The college gave the teachers longer .. .... . . . ... . ... ... so they could spend more time with their families.
3 When they are studying for exams, students . .. .. . . ... .. . ....... . .. .. that they will not be able to remember all
the important facts.

4 The college organized a day off for the .. . . .... ... .. ... ... ..... staff.
5 The .. . ... . . ... .. . . .. . . ... .. of the factory invested in a new building for storing supplies .
6 Students are expected to meet the . .. .. .. . .. for handing in their work.

Spelling

JiJ Write the sentences below with the correct capitalization and punctuation in your notebook.

1 new york is not the Capital of the united states of America.

2 in the uk, children who are born in july usually start school in September, just after they are five
3 oxford university is one of the most famous in the World.
4 in some countries, most companies close on sundays, but in others they close on fridays or saturdays
5 the official language of greece is greek

Watch Out!
Capital letters are part of spelling. You will lose marks in the exam if you do not use capital letters correctly.
You should use capitals for:
• the names of countries, towns and cities
• the names of nationalities, religions and languages
• months and days of the week
• the names of institutions and organizations

Unit 11 • Taking responsibility ~

 Spending habits

Shopping options

IJ Look at the pictures and match them with the sentences below.

1 There are supermarkets in most big citi es across the world . .

2 People who live in small towns often buy their food at th e market. .
3 In the countryside, people often get their groceries in village shops.
4 Department stores sell clothes, furniture and household goods.

fJ Complete the sentences with the expressions below.

designer brands shop assistant customer services shopping malls market stalls self-service

1 Ingrid complained to ...... ... .. .... . . . . .p .. .. .. ... about her new boots because the zip was broken.
2 A lot of teenagers like expensive ..... .. . .... .. . more than cheap clothes .
3 One advantage of . ..... p . . . . . . . . ..... .. . .. . ... is that you can choose your own food from the shelves.
4 Many young people in big cities go to . . ...... . . .... ... .. .... . .. . to meet their friends.
5 Farmers often sell their fruit and vegetables from ... . ... .. . .. . ..... ................ .
6 The .......... ........................ ............. P··· .. helped the customer to find aT-shirt in the colour they wanted.

~ IJ Listen to the following sentences and underline the stressed words.

1 I bought this shirt in a sale.

2 My brother thinks online shopping is much quicker than going to the shops.
3 The good thing about shopping in a department store is that you can get everything in one place.
4 The last time I took something back to a shop, the customer services manager wasn't there.
5 I lost my credit card the other day. I was really worried someone else would use it.
6 Have you ever bought a train ticket with a student discount? It's so much cheaper.

- Unit 12 •Money
 liJ Match the verbs 1-5 with the nouns a-e to form expressions about shopping.

1 go a the shopping
2 ask for b a shopping list
3 make c the supermarket
4 do d shopping
5 go to e a refund

R. IJ Now listen to a recording of an interview in a survey of shopping habits. Miriam is talking about who
does the shopping in her family. Complete the notes with expressions from Exercise 4.

-··j-~ _~~"':!: peopj~-~~-t_!h~J~~-Y)'_=:_~~!yJw~J1_)__.:.c ·=cc:.::c·cc: · c~ :· ... ............. ·· ···· .. -~ ·:.:.:. ·___ -··- --

- •___0'!.th~~-~~X~ ~-h~Jo!i~:M.t~:_~~~-a_(~_.::::.:.::::::.::. ·:..~ c:..:.:. ::_· . . .... . ~: ~ : :· :.. ::.: fivst ___ _

.
_ f._ _0~~~~(~L ~ ::.::~~·:: . :.: :.:.: .: :.:::.:~:=:::.::.:::.:::.:.::::·:.:.: : .:.~~~-~~x~ ..... _ -·----- _____ .._______ _
___ •_ ryti~~-~»1 -~~)~.:.:.:.::~: :.:~.::::.:.::: .. :· :: · ~.:.::.::.:.::::::.: .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.· .·:::::· :.: :.~~s~._?~~eti_»1~~htA.y_5_ ~lo~~~- ~~e _..

- -~-- ~~~~~-t-~~~~:-~~-~=s-~~~~ ~-~-~~-~~d-~~! fo_~ _( ~L~· ~-~- ·~-~~ ~. ~··.· ~~-- -~· -~~~·~- ···-~~·=~: · :. ...

A 8 c D

IJ Look at the photos A-D above. Which of the objects do you own? Which would you like to own? Why?

f,J Match some of the words below to the objects in the photos A-D.

black glass large leather metal modern new old-fashioned plastic red gold small wood

IJ Put the words from Exercise 2 in the correct column in the table below.

A IJ Listen to two people talking about their favourite Watch Out!

possessions. What are they? Which words do they Put adjectives 1n the correct order:
use to describe the objects?
(1) size, (2) age, (3) colour, (4) material.
a small, new, brown, leather bag
 IJ Choose one of the objects in the photos in Exercise 1 or an object you own and make notes on the
points below:

• size • age • colour • material • why you like it

Vocabulary: Describing objects

IJ Match the sentence beginnings 1-6 with the groups of endings a-f.

1 I wear it a cotton I glass I metal.

2 I got it for b carrying all my things I downloading music I studying and reading.
3 It's made of c my birthday I my graduation I my wedding.
4 It's important to me because d a brilliant holiday I a special day I my country.
5 I use it for e every day I for special occasions I when I go on long trips.

6 It reminds me of f I bought it on my first trip overseas I I saved up to buy it I my best friend

gave it to me.

fl Complete the descriptions below with the sentence beginnings 1-6 in Exercise 6.

1 One of my favourite possessions is my laptop . . ....... ...... .. chatting online or watching films with
my friends.
2 I wear this necklace every day. . . .. . .. . . .... . . .. my wedding day because my husband bought it for
me . It's very special.
3 I have a very large suitcase. I've had it since I was eighteen . ................... I bought it for my first trip
to America.
4 My mobile is important to me. It's small and ... ............... ........ ........ metal and plastic. It's got lots of things on
it- music, apps, photos and Internet.

IJ Look back at your notes from Exercise 5. Use the notes and the phrases from Exercise 6 to write
a description.

A. fJ Read and listen to the sentences below. A. Jii1 Listen again and repeat each sentence.
Pay attention to the link u between the two Make changes to each sentence with your
words. own ideas.

1 It's made of leather.

'-'
2 I u~ for texting my friends. Watch Out!
3 I like
....__.,it because it's unusual . Learning how to link consonant sounds and

4 lt'(jmportant to me because my father gave vowel sounds in your sentences will help you
it to me. to speak at a natural pace.
- ---

5 It reminds me of home .
....____..,
 Grammar: Present perfect with for and since
.... .,,.'

R. m Listen and complete the sentences with the correct past participles and for or since.

1 I've . . ... . ... . . .. .. .... . . my mobile .. . . ..... ..... ..... about three months.
2 I've . .... .. .. . ... . . .. ....... this guitar ... ............... 2002 .
3 I've .. this laptop .. .................... a year.
4 I've .. . • .. . this photo in my bag .. . . ...... .. .. my graduation .
5 I've this watch ..... ...... ......... years .
6 I've . a new car ............ I passed my driving test.

m Answer the questions below. Use the

present perfect with for or since in your
answers. What important object have you ... Watch Out!
• owned since you were a child? Use the past simple for a finished event in
the past.
• used for years?
I bought it last year.
• had for a few months?
• wanted since you were a teenager?

fEJ Complete the text with the words below. There are two extra words.

bought carry favourite had important it green modern possessions reminds wear

I've got lots of really great (1) . .......... ..... ... .. . . But I think my (2) ...... .. .... . .. . possession
is my coat. I got (3) . . ... ... .... . ....... for my graduation to celebrate getting my degree. I've
(4) ... .. ..... .. . . .. . . it for two years. My parents (5) ...................................... it for me and I was really
surpri sed. It's beautiful. It's a (6) ............ ... ····················· ·· ' black, leather coat. It's (7) .. . .... .. . . to me
because I know my parents were very proud of me. It (8) ... .. .. . .. .... .. . . . ... me of studying for my degree
and my time at university. I only (9) ............... it for special occasions because it's really expensive.

Money and happiness

IJ Decide if the words below are nouns (N), verbs (V) or adjectives (A). Write N, V or A. (One word can
have two labels.) Then match the words to the definitions.

wealth spend save rich A possessions inherit

salary tax poverty wealthy savings income

1 money that th e government takes from you tax . . . .......... .

2 money that you keep for the future . .. ........ .
3 money that you receive from your employer .... ....... ....... .
4 the noun for being poor .. ... ..... .. ... .. . .......... .
5 an adjective to describe rich people .
6 money that you receive from work, rent or investments . .... • .... ......... .......... .
7 things that you own ............... .................. .... .

Unit 12 • Money -
fJ Complete what Fariba says with words from Exercise 1.

In my country people do not pay much money to the government in

(1) . .. ........................ ...... ... H.· In general, most people earn a good
(2) .. .... .. .. .. ....... ........ from their jobs and we make sure we
(3) . .. . H • • •• • •• enough money for the future. Some
people are (4) .. .. .. ... ........... ...... ................. and live in large houses and
own expensive cars. These people (5) .. . . .... a lot
of money on possessions. Some of their (6) ..
/ . comes from renting flats to other people and from business
Fariba
investments.

fJ Pronouns are used to refer to nouns that have already been mentioned. Using pronouns helps you
avoid repetition, connects your sentences together and makes your writing more fluent.

Money is necessary to live. It pays for accommodation, food and clothing. (It = money)
People who do not have a lot of money can be happy They can be happy for other reasons. (They =
people who do not have a lot of money)

You can use this to refer to ideas.

The number of wealthy people is increasing in some parts of the world. This is good for the economy.
(This = The number of wealthy people is increasing in some parts of the world.)

Complete the sentences with one of the pronouns below.

( It they this )
'----------:-----
1 People who enjoy their work are often happy.. H This .. H H. means they often work harder and are better
employees.

2 Happiness comes in many different forms. For some people ............... .... .. ....... comes from work. For others
•••• H • • • comes from enjoying life .
3 The main reason people want to earn money is to improve their life. For example, .... .. ........ might want
to have more possessions.
4 Good weather can have an effect on people's happiness. .. makes them feel more positive and
less stressed.
5 Children often make a couple happier. .. .. help adults focus on the most important things in life.
6 People who inherit a lot from their parents can become wealthy overnight. . .... ........... makes their lives
much easier because . no longer have to worry about their future income.

Now underline the noun or idea that each pronoun refers to. (The first one has been done as an
example.)

~~ Sometimes we use this I these + noun to refer to an idea I different ideas.

People who have a negative attitude to life can be very unhappy This problem can affect everyone.
Taxes have increased, salaries have been cut and food prices have risen. These factors have led to a drop in
living standards across the region.

Complete the sentences with this or these and the nouns (singular or plural) below.

(~_________a_P_P_r_oa_c_h___________a_c_ti_o_n __________P_r_o_b_le_m___________c_h_a_n_g_e________~)
 1 When governments raise or lower taxes, the income of citizens can increase or decrease.
. . . . . ... have an effect on the wealth or poverty of a whole nation for many years.
2 Talking about money problems can help people understand how to manage them better in the future .
........ is often used by counsellors.
3 Giving advice or gifts and lending money to friends are common in all cultures .
help to increase the bonds between people.
4 It is difficult to know how much money to save for the future. . . • ... is common for
many families with children.

Now underline the verbs after the added nouns. Are they singular or plural? Write S (singular) or P
(plural) next to sentences 1-4 above.

Watch Out!
- -
- Make sure pronouns and verbs agree in number with the nouns they refer back to.

IJ Match the words 1- 9 with their definitions a-i.

1 withdrawal a if you have this, you have spent more money than you have in your bank account,
and so you owe the bank money
2 pension b an amount of money that you take from your bank account
3 pay slip c a sum of money that you pay to be allowed to do something
4 overdraft d a small piece of paper that shows how much an employer has paid you
5 mortgage e a regular sum of money received after retiring (retire= stop work completely), given by
an employer or by the state
6 current account f a punishment in which a person is ordered to pay a sum of money because they have
done something illegal or broken a ru le
7 cheque 9 a printed form on which you write an amount of money and who it is to be paid to.
Your bank then pays the money to that person from your account.
8 fee h a personal bank account that you can take money out of at any time using your
chequebook or cash card
9 fine a loan of money which you get from a bank or building society in order to buy a house
fJ Copy and complete the table with the words that relate to the categories. Some words relate to
more than one category.

ATM withdrawal cashpoint salary rent purchase pay slip

overdraft loan investment hole in the wall fees debit card savings account
fines mortgage credit card cheque automatic teller machine owe

::savi~g mon'ey' ,, ' . a·~~r~~i!l9.. -:>-··. --

:-·Gettin~,vo-~ i ow'n·\.
' ''
mon~v··tro;n· the ' ·mo~ev .ti:o~ ii1e "'
' ''
' < "'- '
b~nk · ,. · .· . bank ··_. - ·,
• T • '' ... ; < < - '
:
~f

IJ Now underline four phrases in the category 'Getting your own money from the bank' that have the
same meaning.

fJ Complete these sentences using words from Exercise 2.

1 I have to go to the .. . .. . . .. .. .. ..... ...... .... before we go to the restaurant

2 If you want to avoid paying a ...... ·· ·········' you need to pay your taxes in time.
3 If your children attend private school, you need to pay school ...
4 The bank has given me an ........ ..... . ....... .. .... :if I owe them less than £100 they won't charge
me interest
5 When I moved, I took out a .. ........... over 25 years, but I hope to pay it back early.

Watch Out!
Although few and a few both mean 'not many', they are used quite differently.
Few has a negative meaning. It emphasizes what is missing ,
There are few copies of this book. = Not many copies exist, so you may not get one.
A few means 'a small number'. It emphasizes what is (still) there.
There are a few copies of this book. = There aren't many copies but there are some, so you can still have one.
Note that few is normally used in a formal context.

IJ Match the sentences 1-2 with their meaning, a-b.

1 It should be noted that there are a few theorists 2 It should be noted that there are few theorists
who believe that this is the right way to do who believe that this is the right way to do
business. business.

a There are some theorists who believe that b It is difficult to find a theorist who believes that
Unit 1 Family Speaking advantages: benefits, good points, pros Unit 2 Leisure Listening
disadvantages: bad points, cons, dangers
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
1 sister 4 mother, wife Reading
2 brothers 5 daughter, sons Exercise 1
3 parents 6 grandparents, 1 c 2 B 3 A 5 painting 2 going to the 1 cycling
husband
theatre
Exercise 2
Exercise 2
A nuclear family C extended family 6stamp 3 watching lV 4 fencing
1 sister 3 mother
B single-parent family collecting
2 brother 4 father

Exercise 5 Exercise 3
Exercise 2
b rother mother grandmother 1 f 4 b 7 k 10 i
2 5 e 8 a 11 g
Exercise 6
bossy, calm, clever, confident, creative, friendly, 3 6 d 9 c 12 h
stamp going to the cycling
funny, happy, kind collecting cinema
Exercise 4
Students' own answers
cooking going to art football
Exercise 7 galleries
1 clever 4 calm mother-in-law brother divorcee
2 bossy 5 friendly, funny gardening listening to running
3 confident music
widow husband parent

Exercise 8 painting playing chess swimming

wife son-in-law stepchild
Speaker 1: kind, creative Speaker 2: clever
Speaker 3: bossy, funny travelling
sibling
Exercise 9
Speaker 1: looks Speaker 2: brothers Exercise 3
Speaker 3: favourite Exercise 5 Conversation A Speaker 1 : swimming
1 widower 5 an arranged Speaker 2: running
Exercise 11
2 husband 6 siblings Conversation B Speaker 1 : going to the
1 Our 3 His 5 her 7 Its
3 couple 7 parents-in-law cinema Speaker 2: going to a concert
2 Their 4 Her 6 my 8 your
Conversation C Speaker 1 : travelling
4 household 8 stepchildren
Exercise 12 Speaker 2: gardening
Conversation D Speaker 1: cycling
you he she it we they Writing Speaker 2: cooking
Exercise 1
Exercise 4
my your his her its our their 1 mother 5 grandmother
1 to 3 two 5 to
2 son 6 mother-in-law
2 too 4 too 6 two
3 daughter 7 grandson
Listening
4 father 8 parents
Exercise 1 Speaking
a 3 b 2 c 4 d Exercise 2 Exercise 1
2 must 5 don't need to A playing video games B reading magazines
Exercise 2 C jogging D going shopping
3 should 6 might
2 presen1Qtion pre~ (llilsent
4 shouldn't Exercise 2
3 sug~ sug9ill!tion
doing: exercise , nothing
4 proiill;j Q[Qject proj§Qtor Exercise 3
going: for walks, to the gym
5 inform information 2 1 will go to university in the future.
playing: football, tennis
6 exQ@[Q explangtion 3 Parents should not smoke near their children .
watching: a DVD, lV
4 Children might I could have lessons on the
Exercise 3 Exercise 5
Internet in the future.
1 introduction Speaker 1 : using the Internet, playing computer
5 Children must I have to I need to learn basic
2 suggest games
skills like maths and reading.
3 present (v) Speaker 2: doing nothing, reading magazines
Exercise 4 Speaker 3: going for walks, going shopping
4 project (n)
1 Children who do not study might I could fail
5 information Exercise 6
their exams.
6 explain 1 llove 4 I don't like
2 University should prepare people for good
2 I really like 5 It depends.
Exercise 4 jobs.
3 I prefer 6 My favourite thing
diagram: chart, graph, plan, table 3 Children should follow their parents' advice.
picture: icon, image, photograph Exercise 8
subject: area, issue, theme, topic 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 a S a

Answerkey -
Reading Exercis e 4 haggis (a dish made frorn sheep's or
0 no not much I not many I lew some calf's offal, oatmeal and suet, boiled in a skin
Exercise 1 a lot of all 100 made from the animal's stomach)
2 sharing 3 having fun 4 chatting
2 All 4 Some I A lot of rarebit (melted cheese sometimes mixed with
milk and seasonings on toast)
Exercise 2 3 No 5 Few I Not many
1 sharing 3 Chatting • leek (a vegetable belonging to the onion fam ily)

2 Partying 4 having fun Drink

Unit 3 Different cultures Speaking • barley water (a drink made from an infusion of
Exercise 3 barley, usually flavoured with lemon or orange)
Exercise 1 lrn -Bru (a Scottish carbonated drink)
A family, balloons, cake
B fireworks Activity
basketball dancing exercise
C carnival, costume • duck-duck-goose (a circle games based on
chasing each other)
board games hiking karate Exercise 2 • hopscotch (a children's game that involves
1 give 4 presents 7 watch jumping between squares that are drawn on
cards shopping kickboxing 2 make 5 parade 8 fireworks the ground)
3 fami ly 6 wear British bulldog (a running game in which
chess skiing puzzles people try to run from one end of an area to
Exercise 3 another without being caught by two people:
snakes and swimming sports 1 d 2 f 3 c 4 e 5 b 6 a the 'bulldogs')
ladders
Exercise 4 Exercise 5
1 but 3 too 5 because
sports weightlifting
2 then 4 After 6 When
tennis yoga Exerci se 5 haggis rarebit Cornish pasty
1 ate 3 made 5 wore
1 go 2 play 3 do 2 gave 4 met 6 saw lrn-Bru leek scones

Exercise 6
1 went 3 was 5 didn't stay Exercise 6
2 graduated 4 danced 6 were

Exercise 8
/1/: liked, walked
/d/: loved, studied
lid/: started, wanted

Exercise 9
1 met
2 watched
3 travelled
4 but
5 wore
Exercise 5 6 played
1 shopping centre 5 barbecues (singular: 7 when
2 adult barbecue) 8 saw

3 camp site 6 quizzes (singular:

quiz) Reading
4 picnics
Exercise 1 Ireland is the island which includes Northern
1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b Island and the Republic of Ireland.
W rit ing England , Wales and Scotland together make up
Exercise 2 Great Britain .
Exercise 1 1 The Gherkin 3 City Hall
2 watch1V 4 listen to music The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern
2 The Palace of 4 The Old Bailey Ireland .
3 go swimming Westminster

Exercise 2 Exercise 3 Listening

Do: gymnastics, karate, sports, yoga 1 kettle 6 customs Exercise 1
Go: horse riding, shopping, skating, swimming Across: Down:
2 cup 7 butter
Play: computer games, football, golf, sports, 3 national 1 Chinese
3 tearoom 8 sandwiches
the guitar, the violin
4 teapot 9 salmon 4 huts 2 Italy
Watch: football , golf, gymnastics, horse riding,
karate, skating, sports, swimming, 1V 5 jam 10 milk
Exercise 2
Exercise 3 Exercise 4 1 pronunciation 5 scarf
2 play 8 doesn 't I does not Food 2 alphabet 6 silk
3 plays play • Cornish pasty (a pastry case with a filling of
meat and vegetables) 3 spicy 7 brick
4 play 9 play
• scones Oight plain cake made from flour with 4 vegetarian 8 block of flats
5 playing 10 plays
very little fat, cooked in an oven, usually split
6 plays 11 don 'I/ do not play Exercise 3
open and buttered)
7 play A diet c communication
B housing D costume
Exercise 4 Exercise 9 5 c - rock band
spicy, block of flats, alphabet, silk There's a museum I lots of traffic. 6 d - friendship group
There isn't a beach I any accommodation. 7 e - sports team
Exercise 5 There are some shopping malls I lots of people I
have 3 done 5 do markets.
There aren't any harbours. Listening
2 made 4 had 6 have
Exercise 10 Exercise 1
1 are 3 are not 5 No 7 aren't 1 library 3 halls of residence
Writing
2 isn't 4 Are 6 are 2 sports centre 4 medical centre
Exercise 1
A architecture C a concert Exercise 2
Exercise 11
B a museum D an art gallery 3 library
1 near 5 bridge 9 meet 1 sports centre
2 A concert 3 Architecture 4 An art gallery 2 famous 6 favourite 10 are 2 medical centre 4 halls of residence
Exercise 2 3 got 7 can
Exercise 3
useful P interesting P tiring N creative P 4 skyscrapers 8 traditional
1 through 3 restaurants 5 until
amazing P beautiful P harmless P
terribleN 2 There 4 foreign 6 twelfth
Writing
A : 2 beautiful I interesting 3 tiring
Exercise 1 Exercise 4
B: 1 interesting 2 dangerous 3 harmless 1 into 3 outside 5 between
2 sports centre 5 business park
4 terrible
3 shopping centre 6 industrial area 2 faraway 4 behind
Exercise 3 4 entertainment complex
Exercise 5
2 Louise gave me a bestselling book for my
Exercise 2 1 E 3 c 5 A
birthday.
2 e 4 6 g 8 a 2 D 4 B
3 My sister and I saw a Shakespeare play in
London. 3 b 5 c 7 h
4 Tokyo has many interesting art galleries Unit 5 Arts and media Writing
Exercise 3
nowadays. 1 convert 5 reduced
Exercise 1
5 Older people like opera more than young 2 expanded 6 growing 2 action 5 horror film
people. 3 altered 7 deteriorated
3 documentary 6 science fiction
6 Most teenagers listen to music on the Internet. 4 improve 8 transforming
4 thriller
Exercise 4
2 highest Exercise 2
Unit 4 Places to live Speaking 1 character 4 effects
3 lowest
4 entertainment complexes 2 soundtrack 5 genres
Exercise 1
A harbour C market 5 the largest 3 story 6 blockbusters
B shopping mall
Exercise 3
Exercise 2 Reading 1 documentary; story
Suggest ed answers Exercise 1 2 science fiction; effects
harbour: go on a boat trip, have a coffee 1 centre 3 policing 5 care 3 genre; soundtracks; horror
shopping mall: buy clothes, have a coffee 4 service 6 spirit
2 college
market: have a coffee Exercise 4
Exercise 2 25 per cent = a quarter
Exercise 3 communal: adjective; c belonging or relating to a 75 per cent = three quarters
Suggested answers community as a whole; something that is shared 33 per cent = a third
1 cafe, gallery, hotel (restaurant), theatre a commune: noun; b a group of people who live 66 per cent = two thirds
2 beach, park, river (harbour) together and share everything
Exercise 5
3 beach, cafe, gallery, park, theatre a communist: noun; a a supporter of
1 A third of adults do not watch science fiction
4 cafe, factory, skyscraper (office) communism (the political belief that all people are
films.
5 bridge, skyscraper equal and that workers should control the means
of producing things) 2 Ten per cent of worldwide film sales come
Exercise 4 from Bollywood.
1 c 2 a 3 e 4 d 5 b Exercise 3
3 Three quarters of people over 65 watch films
criminal adjective .r; verb: to criminalize
Exercise 5 (note: we say 'to commit' a crime): on television.
Suggest ed answers adverb: criminally; noun .r 4 Ninety per cent of children watch cartoons on
1 modern, beautiful volunteer adjective: voluntary; verb "; a regular basis.
2 airport, mountains adverb: voluntarily; noun: .r
3 museums, lots of tourist attractions loyalty adjective: loyal; verb: - (to be loyal); Exercise 6
4 museums, traditional food adverb: loyally; noun: .r 1 c 2 d 3 b 4 a
5 the weather is good residentia l adjective v" : verb: to reside
adverb: -; noun: residence, resident Reading
Exercise 7 punish adjective: punishable, punishing; verb: .r Exercise 1
One syllable: beach, bridge, park adverb: -; noun: punishment
Two syllables: cafe, hotel, river 1 a guide 3 a biography 5 a journal
Three syllables: factory, gallery, skyscraper, theatre Exercise 4 2 a comic 4 a dictionary 6 a mystery
1 a - political party
Exercise 8 Exercise 2
2 f - online community
Two syllables: Qafe, ho!e), dver 1 drawings
3 g - voluntary organization
Three syllables: factory, ggllery, ~scraper, 2 daily activities
l!Natre 4 b - film cast
3 the same subject or characters
4 another person 3 shoplifter 5 safe Exercise 3
5 book 4 gang, robbers 1 Oil is a non-renewable ~ of energy.
(plural) 2 Trawlers sometimes spend many months at
Exercise 3
Fiction: a comic, a mystery sea.
Exerc ise 4
Non-fiction: a dictionary, a guide, a journal, 3 Offshore drilling has~ wildlife in this
1 e 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 d
a biography area.
Exerc ise 5 4 We need fuel for our car.
Exercise 4
1 d 2 b 3 c 4 a 1 called the police 4 watch out for 5 Underwater turbines capture energy from
2 crime scene 5 take them to court ocean currents.
Exe rcise 5
3 locked up
1 biography I autobiography Exe rcise 4
2 autobiography I biography Exercise 7 The graphs show trends.

3 dialogues When the receptionist ;arrived at Goodmead 1 d 2 a 3 b 4 c

Primary Schoo! Qn Monday, she found that
4 mystery someone had broken into the office and stolen Exercise 5
several japtopl!, l!O she called the police. Suggested answers
Speaking
Exercise 1
1 B 4 A Unit 6 The natural world Speaking
average rise ( noun I verb)
2 extra description 5 extra description (noun I adjective)
Exercise 1
3 c 6 D A rainy, wet c stormy, windy
per cent (noun) gradual (adjective)
Exercise 3 B cold, snowy D hot. sunny
a Speaker 1 c Speaker 2 more than (adverb) fall (noun I verb)
Exercise 2
b Speaker3
A rainy, wet c stormy, windy
Exercise 4 B cold, snowy D hot, sunny majority (noun) increase (noun I verb)
a Speaker 1 e Speaker 2
Exercise 4 minority (noun) decrease (noun I verb)
b Speaker3 Speaker 3
1 favourite 4 makes
c Speaker 1 g Speaker 3 2 There's 5 lasts less than (adverb) remain stable (verb +
d Speaker 3 h Speaker2 3 it's 6 really like adjective)
It's very exciting.
I think it's good entertainment. Exercise 7 fraction (noun) downward (adverb I
/u :/ humid, June adjective)
The thing I like best is the hotel manager.
/au/ drought, outside
Exercise 6 number (noun) upward (adverb I
/AI month , sunny adjective)
1 e 2 f 3 c 4 d 5 a
!ell April, rainy
6 b
!J:/ autumn, stormy amount (noun) slight (adjective)
Exerc ise 7 /au/ November, snowy
1 rarely 2 often 3 always tendency (noun)
Exercise 9
Exercis e 8
1 can 3 can't 5 can't significant (adjective)
1 favourite, every, contestants, by
2 can 't 4 can 6 can
2 about, interesting, operas. actors
dramatic (adjective)
3 series, always, stars, exciting Exercise 11
4 talk, fun ny, contestants, sometimes 1 season, it's, can, makes
2 monsoon. for, can't, dry
Listening 3 There's, can, from, thunderstorms Writing
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Tick: break into, thief, pickpocket Listening 2 i 4 a 6 b 8 c 10 h
3 g 5 7 9 d
Exercise 2 Exercise 1
Suggested answers
Exercise 2
1 temperature 3 harvest
crime steal dangerous 2 pollution 4 erupted

knife rob careful oil rig natural trawler Exercise 3

underwater
gas turbine 2 seeds are watered 5 flowers are picked
gun break into safe 3 plants grow 6 plants die
4 plants flower
natural gas fish wave
gang attack
gas pipeline farm power Exercise 4
thief 2 is eaten; are eaten 5 are damaged
offshore energy net energy
drilling 3 are destroyed 6 is caused
attack 4 are inhabited
energy fuel
safe Exercise 5
fuel 2 Chemicals are used by farmers to protect
plants from insects.
Exercise 3
Exercise 2 3 Seeds are planted in the spring.
1 burglar, stole (past 2 pickpocket
tense) 1 e 2 d 3 b 4 c 5 a
 4 Elephants and camels are used as working order to understand the history of life on earth Exercise 3
animals in some countries. canine - related to dogs business: 2 mathematics: 4
remote - far away literature: 3 university: 5
5 Volcanic eruptions and other natural disasters
are studied by scientists.
Exercise 5 Exercise 4
6 Fields are watered by a special system called 1 ./There is a contrast between 'no difference'
irrigation. and what people believe.
2 x Both sentences support the same information.
Reading business literature mathematics university
Exercise 1 Unit 7 Education Writing
1 waterfall 2 valley 3 bay 4 cliff
Exercise 1 Exercise 5
Exercise 2 1 classes 4 lectures
1 land 2 sand 3 ground 4 soil 2 teacher 5 presentation
3 exam business literature mathematics university
Exercise 3
Suggested answers Exercise 2
Our knowledge of Natural History would not college chemistry engineering
be what it is today without the work of women
explorers, artists and scientists. In this leaflet, you deadline graduate graduation
will learn about three British pioneering women, take I sit I do I pass I an exam
among the first to be involved in uncovering some fail lecture history presentation
of the rich history of the natural world.
get a qualification
Mary Anning (1799-1847) project medicine
Mary came from a poor family who lived in
do I take I pass I fail a course
Lyme Regis, a town on the south-west coast of timetable
England . Her father tried to make extra money
by selling fossils ( lant and animal remains in write I do an essay
Exercise 7
rocks) to rich tourists. onsequen , Mary and
1 b 4 c 7 j 10
her siblings learnt from an early age how to look study I pass I fail a subject
for fossils,~he was the only one of the 2 e 5 a 8 g
brothers and sisters who became an expert. 3 d 6 h 9
give I make I do a presentation
~n her lifetime she did not always get
the credit she deservec@it was male goo\Qgj§j§ Exercise 8
1 passed
who published the descnptions of any finds. Her 1 results 4 presentations
important finds include the first skeleton of an 2 study I do 2 university I college 5 essay
ichthyosaur, or fish-lizard, a plesiosaur, also known 3 take I sit I do I pass
as sea-dragon,@a pterodactvl, or 'flying dragon'. 3 year
4 write/do
Collecting fossils on the cliffs was dangerous
5 Exercise 9
work. Mary's QQg Tray was killed when rocks6riC!l give I make I do
a Lara b Marcel c Dee
earth fell down a cliff,@she nearly lost he;ilrein 6 sit I take I do I pass
the same landslide. Exercise 10
7 get
Dorothea Bate (1878-1951) now
Born in the Welsh countryside, she had a passion Exercise 3
for natural history from an early age. She became Exercise 11
the first female scientist in the Natural History
took 3 have 5 do 7 do 1 I'm revising for an exam . It's my final year, and
Museum in London. She was a palaeontologist, 2 give 4 get 6 get 8 give I'm working very hard. I'm having extra tuition,
that is, a scientist who studies fossils in order to and my grades are improving.
understand the history of !@ on lli!!1!J. She went Exercise 4 2 I'm visiting my brother at college. He's living
to ~lifts in the MediterraneaQ~ 1 Fourteen, went 4 Thirty-four, in halls this year, and he's having a great
explored hilltops in Bethlehem, discovering@ 2 One, started continued time. I'm helping him with his coursework this
documenting animal fossils. She wrote hundreds semester, and we're preparing a presentation
5 thirteen, didn't go
of reports, review~apers. 3 Five, eight, found at the moment.
6 Eight, decided 3 I'm thinking about doing another course
Evelyn Cheesman (1881-1969) next year. I'm applying for a scholarship at a
Exercise 5
~Evelyn wanted to become a veterinary university in my hometown, and I'm filling out
the same, less, larger, smaller, Many I few, much
surgeon, this was not possible for women in the the application form now.
early twentieth centu~ she trained as a
Exercise 6
canine nurse.
1 more girls than boys Reading
Her first job~ was not related to~:
she worked in the insect house at the LooQQn 2 as many boys as girls Exercise 1
Zoological Society. She was very adventurous@ 3 fewer boys than girls 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 b
went on many expeditions to remote locations, as
4 fewer students than
far away as the Galapagos lslands.~being Exercise 2
very busy, she managed to publish 16 books. 5 more students than
1 RE (Religious Education)
2 numeracy
Exercise 4 Speaking
Lyme Regis - a town on the south-west coast of 3 PE (Physical Education)
Exercise 1
England 4 literacy
A computer science C mathematics
fossils - plant and animal remains in rocks
siblings - brothers and sisters B engineering D medicine
Exercise 4
ichthyosaur - fish-lizard 1 nursery school
Exercise 2 5 6th form college
plesiosaur- sea-dragon
pterodactyl - flying dragon 1 medicine, lectures, doctor 2 infant school 6 bachelor's degree
Tray - Mary's dog 2 course, interesting, director 3 primary school 7 master's degree
landslide - rocks and earth [falling] down a cliff 3 law, difficult, lawyer 4 secondary school 8 PhD
palaeontologist - a scientist who studies fossils in
 Exercise 5 Speaki ng Exerc ise 6
1 Vietnam 9 Heidelberg 1 A 2 an 3 a 4 the 5 the
Exercise 1
2 Hanoi 10 Dutch 1 businessman 6 police officer
3 Japan 11 Maastricht 2 chef 7 personal assistant Writing
4 Kyoto 12 Dutch 3 journalist 8 teacher Exercise 1
5 Arabic 13 Brussels 4 lawyer 9 volunteer 1 dlb 2 3 b 4 a 5 c
6 Arab 14 German 5 nurse 6 e
7 Jeddah 15 Zurich Exercise 2 Exercise 2
8 German A lawyer C personal assistant Suggested answers
B journalist D chef 1 (In addition,) sitting at a desk in front of
Exercise 6 a computer all day can cause long-term
1 remember 3 remind 5 remind Exercise 3 back problems.
2 remember 4 remember 1 police officer 4 volunteer
2 (Furthermore,) it enables people to work
2 journalist 5 businessman
more quickly.
3 nurse 6 teacher
Listening 3 (Also,) social networking can occasionally
Exercise 7 be dangerous.
Exercise 1
1 textbooks 3 exam hall 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 b,c
Exerci se 3
2 test 4 revision Exercise 8 Suggested answers
a part-time, applied , earning 1 (yet) if companies encourage workers to follow
Exercise 2 health and safety regulations properly, these
b company, work experience, use my
+ ' r': 7 later problems can be avoided.
languages, flexible hours
+ 'er': 1 faster 3 c leverer 6 slower
c help people, travel the world, earning a good 2 (However,) technology at work can also mean
y + 'ier': 8 healthier salary that people spend too much time on the
'more' + adjective: 2 more interesting 4 more Internet or chatting online with friends.
nervous Exercise 10
1 have to 5 have to 3 (On the other hand,) social networking can
irregular adjectives: 5 better 9 worse 10 better
2 had to 6 have to make it easier to stay in touch with friends.
Exercise 3 3 didn't have to 7 don't have to Exercise 4
2 B 5 A 8 E 4 don't have to have to
8 1 Technology is a good thing because it helps
3 c 6 A 9 E people communicate more easily. Also,
Exerci se 13
4 B 7 D it helps people do their jobs more efficiently.
1 as 3 for 5 use
2 to 4 well known 6 well paid 2 People should always pay for music and not
Exerc ise 4
Suggested answers download it illegally. Downloading illegally is
1 better 4 slower bad for the music industry. In addition, it is
Reading bad for musicians.
2 healthier 5 more nervous
Exercise 1 3 Computers have some negative points. It is
3 more interesting
1 slogan 3 logo not always easy to fix a computer if it goes
Exercise 5 2 sign 4 advertisement wrong. However, there are lots of people who
1 intelligent, correctly 4 unusually, good can fix computers.
Exercise 2
2 well, effectively 5 extraordinarily, high 4 Mobile phones can be dangerous if they are
Suggested answers
It's impossible to avoid advertisements. In our used in a car. In addition I Also I Furthermore I
3 fairly, quickly
homes, newspaper, magazine and television QQ§ Moreover, they can be dangerous for pedestrians
compete for our attention. Posters, billboards who use thern when crossing the road.
Unit 8 Work Listening and ~ greet us the moment we walk out the
door. Advertising agencies stay busy thinking Unit 9 Holidays and travel
Exerc ise 1 up new ways to get our attention. We have
company ~ on our clothes. Our email is full Speaking
1 B 2 D 3 A 4 c of mill!), and PQJ2.:.!.!Q§ slow us down as we surf
Exerci se 1
Exercise 2 the Web. Product placements sneak into films
A beach holiday C activity holiday
and TV shows. 'Ad wrapping' turns cars into
1 businessman 3 doctor B coach tour D safari
moving signboards. Advertisers have even tried
2 police officer 4 farmer advertising in TV commercials in a subliminal way
(affecting your mind without you knowing it). It's Exercise 2
Exercise 3 no wonder that this is called the consumer age. do: lessons or a course, new sports, sightseeing,
1 produce 4 earn water sports

2 supply, deliver 5 trade Exerci se 3 eat in : traditional restaurants

1 spam 5 signboards go: sightseeing, swimming in the sea
3 defend, guard 6 take care of, look
2 product placements 6 consumer go on: day trips
after
3 billboards 7 pop-ups learn: new sports, water sports
Exercise 4 take: day trips, lessons or a course, photos
4 flyers
1 look for 4 look over visit: historical sites , tourist attractions, traditional
2 look after 5 look through Exercise 4 restaurants
2 magazine 5 company 8 consumer watch: local festivals, new sports, water sports
3 look at
3 television 6 product
Exercise 5 Exercise 4
4 advertising 7 TV
1 look through 4 looked at 1 d 2 f 3 e 4 c 5 b 6 a

2 lookfor 5 look after Exercise 5

1 web 4 individuals 7 activity
3 look over
2 website 5 corporation
3 focus 6 comments
Exercise 5 Reading Exercise 2
Possible answers
1 beautiful 5 friendly I unfriendly Exercise 1
1 motorway 3 country lane
2 comfortable I 6 boring I friendly I
modern unfriendly 2 dual caniageway 4 path
3 exciting 7 uncomfortable Exercise 2
turkey cheese potatoes bananas
4 delicious 1 motorway 3 dual carriageway
beef butter cabbage cherries
Exercise 6 2 path 4 country lane
Tick: 1 learn new sports, 2 take lessons, 5 visit lamb yoghurt carrots pineapple
Exercise 3
local festivals, 6 eat in traditional restaurants,
7 go on day trips Suggested answers
commuter101 Is anybody else fed up with Exercise 3
Exercise 9 ~Is njust~ in London where 2 u 8 CIU 14 C I U
1 w ith stress 2 no stress they are appearing all at once, or is it the same 15 c
3 CIU 9 C
evervwhere? It's added an hour to m~
Exercise 11 EACH WAY. 4 c 10 C I U 16 u
1 I' m gQlog to l>!W in a hotel. Heather98 Pretty much the same here, 5 u 11 u 17 C I U
2 I'm not going to~ any~- ~. l havetodo~of 120 6 CIU 12 u 18 CIU
I'm gQlog to~ in traditional restaurants. ~tween Cheltenham and Birmingham
3
eve day and pass (very slowly~ with 7 u 13 C I U
4 We're gQlog to visit historical~- oadwork on different parts of~t's doubl- Exercise 4
5 We' re OQ19.Qing to~ a !JID'L ~- ing the time it takes me to get to and from work.
1 d 3 a 5 i 7 9 b
6 We're 9.Qing to gQ sightseeing. Musicfan2 Takea0guys. Last time I checked,
~ere goi~ regularly between Cheltenham 2 g 4 h 6 e 8 c 10 f
ana-Birmingham. And in London you've got@
Writing (§) Exercise 5
1 .3 kg I kilograms of flour
Exercise 1 CharlotteL . It's driving me crazy too. There are 10 grams of salt
1 (to increase,) to rise, to go up oadwork near th t tro by~
o M . t 's fike rc is at a sta 1!:!oo.l. 300 g I grams of sugar
2 to fall , to decrease, to go down, to drop
I try to avoid it but it's not always possible. 2 I I litres of milk
3 to remain stable, to stay the same
Heather98@ Musicfan2: Not an option, I'm afraid. 50 ml I millilitres of cooking oil
4 to fluctuate I am a sales rep and need my@tduring the day.
Exercise 6
Exercise 2 chico I agree with Musicfan2. Instead of
complaining about~the cost of~ 1 34 3 five eighths
1 an increase 4 a fall 7 fluctuated
the price ofiCarS:letc. we need to think abOUr--" 2 two thirds 4 Va
2 rose 5 went down other optionS:P;;ld I don't mean~r
3 decreased 6 a drop building more~ I say wStryroSave our Exercise 7
environment by campaigning for bette us and 1 y, kg- 500g 4 200g- Ys kilo
Exercise 4 ain networ and for different types of ublic
2 Y.. kilo
250g- 5 Ys l - 200ml
1 rapid increase I sharp rise I rapid rise ranspo uch as~Use your time an anger
to try and make a difference! 3 330g- V3 kilo
2 fluctuated
commuter101 What time? I'm stuck i~
3 sharp drop I sharp fall I sharp decrease I ~©) Speaking
rapid drop I rapid fall I rapid decrease
Exercise 4 Exercise 1
4 rose sharply I rose rapidly I increased sharply I A sleep for eight hours every night
1 fed up (with) 6 junction
increased rapidly
2 pretty much 7 standstill B do sports
Exercise 5 C eatwell
3 round trip 8 rep
and 2 for 3 between 4 from D play board games
4 M5, M6 9 campaigning
5 service stat ion Exercise 2
Listening Suggested answers
Exercise 5
Exercise 1
A Japan c United Arab
B Malaysia Emirates (UAE)
D Portugal to commute to be fed up
play board eat well do sports
games
almost pretty much
Venezuela, 4 Vietnam,
Venezuelan draw do sleep for eight
Vietnamese
a campaign a rep pictures taekwondo hours every
2 Iran, Iranian 5 Yemen, Yemeni night
3 Finland, Finnish options guys
play a have a do yoga
Exercise 2 anger musical healthy
instrument diet
1 J apanese 3 Egyptian 5 Portuguese
a junction
2 Chinese 4 Em irati 6 Malaysian play brain play table
training tennis
Exerc ises 3 and 4 Exerci se 6 games
1 4.50 1 c 2 b 3 d 4 a
2 Beijing I China Exercise 3
Unit 10 Health Listening 1 doing yoga 4 important to
3 UAE1880
Exercise 1 2 brain training games 5 makes me feel
4 Lisbon I Portugal
1 potatoes 5 beef 9 lamb 3 on my own 6 good for
5 16 2 bananas 6 cherries 10 carrots Exercise 5
3 cabbage 7 cheese 11 pineapple Charles like playing chess w ith his father.
4 turkey 8 butter 12 yoghurt Rosa likes cooking for her family and friends.

Al'l swe~key
1
-
Exercise 6 Exercise 2 Exercise 4
1 hard 1 overweight 3 exercise 5 illness 2 Pollution 5 a passport
2 keep your mind active 2 junk foo d 4 cure 6 medicines 3 Public transport 6 the Internet
3 happy 4 Cars
Exercise 3
Exercise 7 1 b 2 a 3 c
1 It's challenging I great I healthy I interesting I Speaking
relaxing. Exercise 4
Exercise 1
2 If junk food did not exist, people would not be
2 It's important to keep fit I relax after college I A graduating from university
overweight.
work in a team. B getting married
3 People would live longer if all diseases were
3 It makes me feel great I healthy I relaxed. C travelling on your own for the first time
cured.
D w inning a sports competition
Exercise 9 4 If hospitals were free, more people would live
1 It's 3 It's 5 shouldn 't longer. Exercise 2
2 isn't 4 It's 5 If there were no doctors, there would be a lot 1 travelling on his own for the first time
more illness. 2 his parents
Exercise 11
1 shouldn 't 3 should 5 should 3 very nervous, very excited

2 should 4 shouldn't 6 shouldn't Unit 11 Taking responsibility Exercise 4

Reading
Reading Exercise 1
A group of people: committee, council
Exercise 1 bored I boring delighted
1 club 2 racket 3 bat 4 board A person: secretary, representative, member,
chairperson terrified I terrifying excited I exciting
Exercise 2 An object: minutes (of a meeting)
Possible answers An activity: election, voting, nomination tired I tiring relaxed I relaxing
racket: tennis, badminton, squash
Exercise 2 satisfied I satisfying
board: snowboarding, skateboarding, surfing,
Committee I Council
windsurfing, snowkiting , kitesurfing
2 Minutes surprised I surprising
bat: baseball, cricket, table tennis, rounders,
softball 3 election
Exercise 5
4 chairperson Circle: terrified, boring, tired, surprised, relaxed,
Exercise 3 tiring, delighted, satisfied, exciting
5 nominations
1 golf 3 windsurfing
6 member I representative Exercise 6
2 badminton 4 cricket
7 voting I election 1 terrified 4 surprised 7 delighted
Suggested answers 2 boring 5 relaxed 8 satisfied
water polo: a game played in a swimming pool Exerci se 3
3 tired 6 tiring 9 exciting
between two teams in which the players try to 1 council 4 minutes
score points by throwing a ball into a net 2 committee 5 chairperson Exercise 7
basketball: a game played between two teams 1 very 2 really 3 very 4 really
3 secretary
in which players try to score points by throwing a
ball through a hoop Exercise 9
Exercise 4
netball: a game similar to basketball played
1 c 2 d 3 a 4 b
1 the photographs of the people partying on the
between two teams of women in which players try beach with my sisters Exercise 10
to score points by throwing a ball through a hoop
2 the importance of the education I received in 1 most 4 more 7 more
tennis: a game played by two or four players in
the UK 2 more 5 most
which the players use a racket to hit a ball over
a net 3 the details of the cases involving the teenagers 3 better than 6 happier
swimming: a sport in which a person moves through who travelled without passports
Exercise 12
the water using both their arms and their legs 4 the secret of a successful career wasn't 7 than
1 the 4
2 younger 5 boring 8 felt
Exerci se 4 Writing
Pleasant I Positive feelings: amazed, amused, 3 nervous 6 happier
Exerci se 1
calm, confident, curious , delighted, excited, glad,
happy, relaxed, wonderful 1 (rush hour,) traffic jams
Unpleasant I Negative feelings: afraid, angry, 2 commute, crowded Listening
annoyed, anxious, ashamed, bored, depressed, 3 fare, service Exercise 1
disappointed, embarrassed, frightened, guilty, Suggested answers
4 abroad, pollution
jealous, miserable, nervous, sad, terrible, tired A stress C study

Exercise 5
2 B D 4 c B deadline D relaxation
Suggested answers
Exercise 2 Exercise 2
1 tired 5 depressing
1 to increase 5 raising 1 hobby 3 comfort 5 worker
2 amusing 6 exciting
2 travelling 6 to change 2 work 4 beach 6 start
3 d isappointing 7 frightening
3 finding 7 to see
4 relaxed 8 embarrassed Exercise 3
4 to travel 8 to commute

Exercise 3
Writing
2 decided to walk career rest
Exerci se 1
3 choose to walk
A doctor job work
C medicine
B hospital 4 appear to feel
D patient
5 to resist using hobby stress
 4 The 12ill time I took something back to a Exercise 13
profession worry 1 possessions 4 had 7 important
shop, the customer seNices manager wasn't
occupation pressure
!OOre. 2 favourite 5 bought 8 reminds
5 I ~ my credit card the other day. I was really 3 it 6 modern 9 wear
relaxation comfort worried someone ~ would use it.
6 Have you ever bought a train ticket with a Writing
leisure shop
student discount? It's SQ much cheaper.
Exercise 1
holidays boss Exercise 4 wealth (N) spend M save M rich (A)
possessions (N) inherit M salary (N) tax (N , V)
1 d 2 e 3 b 4 a 5 c
difficulty limit poverty M wealthy (A) savings (N) income (N)
Exercise 5 2 savings 5 wealthy
factory target 1 go shopping 4 goes shopping 3 salary 6 income
beach start 2 (shopping) list 5 a refund 4 poverty 7 possessions
3 (the) supermarket
office Exercise 2
1 tax 3 save 5 spend
workshop Speaking 2 salary 4 wealthy 6 income
Exercise 2
employer Possible answers Exercise 3
A guitar: large, new, modern, red, wood 2 it (Happiness), it (Happiness)
owner
B mobile phone: black, glass, metal, modern, 3 they (people)
plastic, small
worker 4 II (Good weather)
C painting: old-fashioned, gold, wood
5 They (Children)
manager D bag: large, leather, old-fashioned
6 This (inheril(ing) a lot from their parents), they
deadline Exercise 3 (people who inherit a lot from their parents)

Exercise 4
goal
1 These changes; have P
large modern black glass 2 This approach; )§ S
Exercise 4
1 job 3 worry 5 owner small new gold leather 3 These actions; llil!Q P

2 holidays 4 office 6 deadline 4 This problem; )§ S

old- red metal
Exerc ise 5 fashioned Reading
1 New York is not the capital of the United Exercise 1
plastic 1 b 3 d 5 i 7 g 9 f
States of America.
2 In the UK, children who are born in July usually gold 2 e 4 a 6 h 8 c
start school in September, just after they are
Exercise 2
five. wood
Saving money: investment, savings account
3 Oxford University is one of the most famous in Borrowing money from the bank: credit card,
Exercise 4
the world. loan, mortgage, overdraft, owe
1 electric guitar: expensive, modern, red, white,
4 In some countries, most companies close on wood, plastic Gelling your own money from the bank: ATM.
Sundays, but in others they close on Fridays 2 handbag: large, old-fashioned, red, leather, automatic teller machine, cash point, cheque,
or Saturdays. beautiful debit card, hole in the wall, withdrawal
5 The official language of Greece is Greek. Earning money: pay slip, salary
Exercise 6 Paying money: cheque, credit card, debit card,
1 e 2 c 3 a 4 f 5 b 6 d fees , fines, purchase, rent
Unit 12 Money Listening
Exercise 7 Exercise 3
Exercise 1 1 I use it for Underline: ATM, automatic teller machine, cash
1 B 2 A 3 D 4 c 2 It reminds me of point, hole in the wall
3 It's important to me because
Exercise 2 Exercise 4
4 it's made of
1 customer seNices 4 shopping malls 1 ATM I automatic teller machine I cash point/
2 designer brands 5 market stalls Exercise 11 hole in the wall
3 self-seNice 6 shop assistant 1 had, for 2 fine
2 owned, since 3 fees
Exercise 3 3 used, for 4 overdraft
1 I bought this shirt in a sale. 4 carried, since
5 mortgage
2 My brother thinks online shopping is much 5 worn, for
quicker than going to the ~. 6 wanted, since Exercise 5
3 The 9QQQ thing about shopping in a 1 a 2 b
department store is that you can get
~inQOO~.
 I ,
I I I I I I I

I ' I I I ~ I I ' I I ' 1

When the possessor is an inanimate object (rather than

The apostrophe ( ' )
a living thing), the apostrophe is not used and the word
order is changed.
Misusing or omitting the apostrophe is one of the most
the middle of the street (not the street's middle)
common punctuation errors.
To test whether an apostrophe is in the right place, think
Showing possession about who the owner is.

The apostrophe ( ' ) is used to show that something the boy's books (= the books belonging to the boy)
belongs to someone. It is usually added to the end of a the boys' books (= the books belonging to the boys)
word and followed by an -s. • Note that an apostrophe is not used to form possessive
- -'s is added to the end of singular words . pronouns such as its, yours, or theirs.
Hannah's book • Note that:
- -'sis added to the end of plural words not ending in-s. it's = it is, e.g. It's a holiday today.
children's games its= belonging to it, e.g. The dog was scratching
- An apostrophe alone (') is added to plural words ending its ear.
in-s. With letters and numbers
Your grandparents are your parents' parents.
An apostrophe is used in front of two figures referring to a
- -'s is added to the end of names and singular words year or decade.
ending in -s.
French students rioted in '68 (short for '1968') .
James's car
He worked as a schoolteacher during the '60s and
- -'sis added to the end of certain professions or early '90s.
occupations to indicate workplaces.
An apostrophe can be used in plurals of letters and
She's on her way to the doctor's. numbers to make them more readable.
- -'s is added to the end of people's names to indicate His 2's look a bit like 7's.
that you are talking about their home.
She got straight A's in her exams.
I'm going over to Harry's for tea tonight.
• An apostrophe is not used to form the plurals of words
• Note that if the word is a classical Greek name, or such as potatoes or tomatoes.
a historical figure or building, an apostrophe only is
Contracted forms
sometimes preferred.
Dickens' novels An apostrophe is used in shortened forms of words to
- -'s can also be added to: show that one or more letters have been missed out.
Contractions are usually shortened forms of auxiliary
- whole phrases,
verbs
My next-door neighbour's dog was barking away like
mad.
- indefinite pronouns such as somebody or anywhere,
Is this anybody's pencil case?
- each other.
We kept forgetting each other's names.

- : Punctuation guide
 be have Separating independent clauses
I'm I I we I you I they've (have) Independent clauses that are joined togeth er with and or
We I you I they're (are) He I she! it I one's (has) but normally have a comma before the conjunction.
He I she I it I one's (is) I I we I you I he I she I it I It was cold outside, but we decided to go out for a
one I they'd (had) walk anyway.
would Separating subordinate clauses from main clauses
I I we I you I he I she I it I one I they'd (would)
Commas are normally used if the subordinate clause
or the negative not.
comes before the main clause.
not If you have any problems, just call me.
We I you I they aren 't Just call me if you have any problems.
He I she I it I one isn't Sometimes a comma is used even when the main clause
I I we I they I you haven't comes first, if the clauses are particularly long.
He I she I it I one hasn 't We should be able to finish the work by the end of
In order to work out what the contracted forms 's and 'd the week, if nothing unexpected turns up between
represent, you need to look at what follows it: now and then.

- If's is followed by an -ing form, it represents the Separating relative clauses from main clauses
auxiliary is.
Commas are used to mark off non-defining relative clauses.
She 's reading a book about the ancient Egyptians. This is the type of clause that adds extra information to a
- If 's is followed by an adjective or a noun phrase, it noun or noun phrase.
represents the main verb is. My next-door neighbour, who works from home, is
She's nervous about meeting my parents. keeping an eye on the house while we're away.
- If 's is followed by a past participle, it can represent is She moved to Los Angeles, where she was
as it is used in the passive, immediately signed as a singer-songwriter.
He's portrayed by the media as a kindly old Commas are not required in defining relative clauses, since
grandfather. these simply postmodify the noun.
or has as it is used in the present perfect. Let's make sure the money goes to the people who
She's broken her wrist. need it most.

- If 's is followed by got, it represents the auxiliary has. The computer (that) I borrowed kept on crashing.

She's got two brothers and one sister. Separating items in a list
- If 'd is followed by a past participle, it represents the
Commas are used to separate three or more items in a list
auxiliary had.
or series.
She couldn't believe what she'd done. She got out bread, butter, and jam. (but bread and
- If 'dis followed by a base form, it represents the modal butter)
auxiliary would. • Note that the comma is often not given before the final
I'd give up now if I were you. and or or.
- If 'd is followed by rather, it represents the modal They breed dogs, cats, rabbits and hamsters.
auxiliary would. However, 'd represents had if it is
Separating adjectives
followed by better.
We'd better go home soon. Commas are used between adjectives, whether they
come before the noun or after a linking verb.
I'd rather not talk about that.
It was a hot, dry and dusty road.
It 's wet, cold and windy outside .
The comma ( , }
A comma is not usually used after an adjective that is
The comma marks a short pause between elements in a followed by and.
sentence.
f
Punctuation guide

-
With adverbials 'Have you been to the new shopping precinct
yet?' enquired Shona.
When an adverbial such as however, therefore or
unfortunately modifies a whole sentence, it is separated "I've already seen it," John replied.
from the rest of the sentence by a comma. • The comma comes inside the quotation marks, unless
Therefore, I try to avoid using the car as much as the reporting verb is positioned inside a reported
possible. sentence that the quotation itself does not require a
comma.
With question tags and short responses
'There is', Monica said, 'nothing we can do about it. '
Commas are used before question tags and after yes or
Other uses
no in short responses.
It's quite cold today, isn't it? Single quotation marks are sometimes used:

You're Amy Osborne, aren 't you?- No, I'm not. - to draw attention to a word,
The word 'book' can be used as a noun or a verb.
With vocatives
- to indicate an unusual use of a word.
Commas are used to separate the name of a person or
She pointed out that websites used for internet voting
group being addressed from the rest of the sentence.
could be 'spoofed'.
Come on, Olivia, be reasonable.
Dad, can you come and help me, please?
Capital letters
With discourse markers

Commas are used to separate discourse markers like well, A capital (or 'uppercase') letter is used to mark the
now and then from the rest of the sentence. beginning of a sentence.
Well, believe it or not, I actually passed! When I was 20, I dropped out of university and
Actually, I quite enjoyed it. became a model.

In reported speech
Capital letters are also used for the first letter in proper
nouns. These include:
Commas are used to follow direct speech (if there is no
- people's names
question or exclamation mark after the quotation), or to
Jenny Forbes
show that it comes next.
- days of the week
'I don't understand this question,' said Peter.
Wednesday
'You're crazy!' Claire exclaimed.
- months of the year
In dates
August
A comma must be used between the day of the month - public holidays
and the year, when the two numbers are next to each
Christmas
other.
- nationalities
March 31, 2011
Spanish
- languages
QuoJation mark~ (' ')'or <II ")
Swahili
- geographical locations
Direct speech
Australia
Direct speech gives the actual words that a speaker used. the Mediterranean Sea
It is common in novels and other writing where the actual - company names
words of a speaker are quoted .
Dyson
The words spoken are enclosed in single or double
- religions
quotation marks.
Islam
Capital letters are also used for the first letter in titles of Question marks are used in direct questions, i.e. when the
books, magazines, newspapers, 1V shows, films, etc. actual words of a speaker are used. A reported question
Where there are several words, a capital letter is usually should end with a full stop.
used for all the main content words in the title (i.e. not the The lady said, 'Where are you going?'
prepositions or the determiners - unless they are the first The lady asked where she was going.
word in the title).
• Note that you put a question mark at the end of a
The Times question, even if the words in the sentence are not in
Twelfth Night The Secret Garden the normal question order, or some words are omitted.
Care is needed here as such a sentence can look,
at first sight, like a statement rather than a question.
The full stop ( . )
You know he doesn't live here any longer?

Full stops are used:

- to mark the end of a sentence, Th:e exciamation ·.na~k (! J
I have to catch a bus in ten minutes.
The exclamation mark is used after exclamations and
- to mark the end of a sentence fragment,
emphatic expressions.
Do you like this sort of music? Not really.
I can't believe it!
- in initials for people's names, although this practice is
Oh, no! Look at this mess!
becoming less frequent,
• The exclamation mark loses its effect if it is overused. It
J.K. Rawling lain M. Banks is better to use a full stop after a sentence expressing
- after abbreviations, although this practice is becoming mild excitement or humour.
less frequent.
It was such a beautiful day.
P.S. Do pop in next time you're passing. I felt like a perfect banana.
She's moved to the I. T. department.
When an abbreviation consists of a shortened word such
as Re. or Prof., a full stop is needed.
Prof. John Johansson will be speaking on the subject The colon indicates a break between two main clauses
of 'Discourse in the Electronic Age'. and is stronger than a comma but weaker than a full stop.
When an abbreviation contains the last letter of the A colon is used:
shortened word, a full stop is not needed.
- in front of a list,
Dr McDonald
I used three colours: green, blue and pink.
41 Douglas Rd
- in front of an explanation or a reason,
• Note that full stops are not used in many common sets
I decided against going away this weekend: the
of initials,
weather forecast was dreadful.
Did you see that programme on BBC 2 last night?
- after introductory headings,
or at the end of headlines, headings and titles.
Start time: 10 o'clock.
Fear grips global stock markets
- in more formal writing, between two main clauses that
Wuthering Heights are connected,
Remember that a full stop, and not a question mark, is
Be patient: the next book in the series has not yet
used in indirect speech for questions and polite requests.
been published.
He asked if the bus had left.
- in front of the second part of a book title,
Farming and Wildlife: A Study in Compromise
to introduce direct speech, especially in American
English, or when the quotation is particularly long.
The question mark marks the end of a question.
He said: 'You owe me three dollars and twenty-five
When will we be arriving?
cents.'
 Punctuation is given before the closing brackets only
The semicolon ( ; )
when it applies to the bracketed section rather than to the
sentence as a whole.
The semicolon is used to mark a break between two main
It's cold today (absolutely freezing in fact!).
clauses when there is a balance or a contrast between the
clauses.
Square brackets [ ]
Compare:
The engine roared into life. The propellers began to
Square brackets are used, usually in books and articles,
turn. The plane taxied down the runway ready for
when supplying words that make a quotation clearer or
takeoff.
that comment on it, although they were not originally said
with: or written .
The engine roared into life; the propellers began to Mr Runcie concluded: 'The novel is at its strongest when
turn; the plane taxied down the runway ready for describing the dignity of Cambridge [a slave] and the
takeoff. education of Emily [the daughter of an absentee
A useful test to work out when to use a semicolon is to landlord]. '
ask yourself whether the two clauses could be written
instead as separate sentences. If the answer is 'yes ', then
The hyphen ( - )
you can use a semicolon.
• Note that it is quite acceptable to use a full stop in
The hyphen joins words or parts of words.
these cases, but a semicolon is preferable if you wish
Hyphens are used at the ends of lines where a word has
to convey the sense of a link or continuity between the
been split, to warn the reader that the word continues on
clauses in your narrative.
the next line. If the word you need to split is clearly made
I'm not that interested in jazz; I prefer classical music.
up of two or more smaller words or elements, you should
A semicolon is also used to separate items in a list, put the hyphen after the first of these parts. Otherwise,
especially if the listed items are phrases or clauses, which you put the hyphen at the end of a syllable.
may already contain commas. wheel-barrow inter-national
The holiday was a disaster: the flight was four hours
infor-mation
late; the hotel, which was described as 'luxury',
It is best not to add a hyphen if the word is a short one, or
was dirty; and it rained for the whole fortnigh t.
if it would mean writing just one or two letters at the end
or beginning of a line. For example, it would be better to
Brackets ( ) write 'unnatural' on the line below, rather than writing 'un-'
on one line and 'natural' on the next.
Brackets (also called parentheses) are used to enclose Prefixes that are used in front of a word beginning with a
a word or words which can be left out and still leave a capital letter always have a hyphen after them.
meaningful sentence. a wave of anti-British feeling
This is a process which Hayek (a writer who came to a neo-Byzantine cathedral
rather different conclusions) also observed. A hyphen is used to join two or more words that together
Brackets are also used to show alternatives or options. form an adjective, when this adjective is used before the
Any student(s) interested in taking part should email noun it describes.
me. an up-to-date account
• Note that when the structure of the sentence as a a last-minute rush
whole demands punctuation after a bracketed section, a six-year-old boy
the punctuation is given outside the brackets. The hyphen is omitted when the adjective formed in such
I haven 't yet spoken to John (I mean John Maple, my a way comes after the noun or pronoun it describes.
boss), but I have a meeting with him on Friday. The accounts are up to date.
It was all rather last minute.
He's six years old.

- Punctuation guide
Some common compound nouns are usually written with
Punctuation in numbers
hyphens.
mother-in-law great-grandmother
Hyphens can be used to split words that have been Dates
formed by adding a prefix to another word, especially to Full stops or slashes are often used in dates.
avoid an awkward combination of letters or confusion with
12.3.09 1213109
another word.
2.28.15 2128115
re-elect
Scientific usage

Full stops are not used in scientific abbreviations.

The dash (-)
12 kg 50 em

A spaced dash (i.e. with a single space before and after it) Times
is used:
Full stops and occasionally colons are used in times.
- at the beginning and end of a comment that interrupts
4.15 p .m. 21.15
the flow of a sentence,
3:30a.m. 20:30
Now children - Kenneth, stop that immediately!-
open your books on page 20. Long numbers

- to separate off extra information. Commas are used in numbers to mark off units of
Boots and shoes - all shapes, sizes and colours - thousands and millions.
tumbled out. 1,359 2,543,678
An unspaced dash (i.e. with no space before or after it) is
Decimals
used:
Full stops indicate decimal points.
- to indicate a range,
1.5 25.08
pages 26-42
- between two adjectives or noun modifiers that indicate
that two countries or groups are involved in something
or that an individual has two roles or aspects,
Swedish-Norwegian relations
a mathematician-philosopher
- to indicate that something such as a plane or a train
goes between two places.
the New York-Montreal train

The slash ( I )

The slash separates letters, words or numbers. It is used

to indicate alternatives, ratios and ranges, and in website
addresses.
he I she I it
200 kmlhr
the 2001102 accounting year
http:llwww.abcdefg. com

Punctuation guide -
 ' ' ' il
J I •
' I I
I
\
' J
!
~ I'
I
I I
I
l I
I I I I I: I I ;' I I I ' 'I :,I I '
{I ,I ' I I !J ll I I
I

In this book, the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is used to show how some words are pronounced.
The symbols used in the International Phonetic Alphabet are shown in the table below.

-IPA Symbols

Vowel Sounds Consonant Sounds

a cg,lm, ah b Qed, rub
g,ct, cg,t d gone, reg
ar dive, cry fit, if
ara fire, t~ g good, dog
au out, down h bat, borse
aua flour, sour ~ellow, ~ou

e me.t, lend, pe.n k )Sing, pick

er Sill:', W.e.ight lip, bill
ea fair, care m mat, jam
fit, win n oot, tio
seem, me. p gay, liQ
ra near, beard run, read
0 IQt, spQt s QOOn,bUQ
au nQte, coat 1alk, be1
raw, more v ~an, l o~e

::n bQy, jQint w yyin, yyool

u could, stood z zoo, buzz
u you,yse f ship, wish
ua cure, pure 3 meaQure, televiQion
3 tyrn, third rJ si.og, working
II fynd, myst tf cheap, wi.tc.b
g,bout e 1bin, eart_b
0 1ben, ba1be
lengthens the vowel d3 joy, bridge
sound

- Pronunciation guide
Audioscripts
 Unit 1: Family Track 06
Mandy: So, who's going to do the introduction?
Speaking Edward: Well, I suggest you present the first part Mandy.
You've done a lot of work on this project after all.
Track 01
Mandy: Well, OK. I'll start. But you've got a lot of information,
Mandy: Get Ready for IELTS. Workbook. Copyright HarperCol-
too. I think you should explain the next two slides.
lins Publishers 2016.

Speaker:
brother Unit 2: Leisure
father
grandfather
Listening
Track 02 Track 07
brother A
mother
grandmother
Karl: Hi Trudy. What are you doing this weekend? I'm going
swimming, down at the beach.

Track 03 Trudy: Oh, right ... I'm going running. I'm practising for the mar-
athon next month . Do you like running, Karl?
1 My mother is very kind. She loves everybody! She looks like
her sister. They've both got curly hair. My mum is a creative Karl: No. Not me!
person. She makes things all the time.
B
2 I don't have any brothers or sisters. I'm an only chi ld. But I've
Hillary: Hey, Karl, do you feel like going to the cinema tonight?
got seven aunts! My favourite aunt is called Betty. She's very
There's a really good film on.
clever. She's a teacher and she helps me with my stud ies.
Karl: Oh, I'm sorry Hillary. I've already got tickets to go to a
3 My uncle is so bossy. He tells me what to do all t he time!
concert this evening.
He is married and his wife is bossy too. But their son is really
funny! He's my favourite cousin. We go to the same college.
c
Trudy: What are you doing this vacation, John? I'm travelling
Track 04
around Europe for a while before I go back to Australia.
My family? Well, we're a big family actually. Our house is large!
John: Oh, really? I'm not that keen on travelling, to be honest.
I've got five brothers. Their names are Carlos, Gino, Luca, Alex
I'm going to spend my vacation gardening.
and Marco. Carlos is 14 and he's the youngest. He's good-look-
ing and very funny. Marco is 27 and he's the oldest. His wife D
teaches at my college. Her name is Maria.
Trudy: I'm going~ on Saturday, Hillary. Do you want to
My mother is an only child, so her family is very small. But my come along?
father is from a big family. He has three brothers. He looks like
his brother, my uncle Georgia. They are both bossy but kind . Hillary: Thanks a lot but I've got a lot of cooking to do for the
My uncle has four children and one cat. Its name is Lo la. party in the evening. I hope you're still coming.

Tell me about your family. Trudy: Of course I am. Wouldn't miss it!

Listening Speaking

Track OS Track 08

1 introduce introduction 1 I love using the Internet. My brother is at university in Eng-

land, so I really like chatting online with him. He's very funny. I
2 presen~tion present (v) ~sent (n)
enjoy playing computer games with my friends. My computer
3 sug~ sug~tion
is very important to me.
4 prok<j (v) J2!:2ject(n) pro~tor
2 I study long hours every day, so I don't have much free time.
5 inform information I prefer doing nothing to doing exercise. I don't like going to the
6 explain explanation gym. It's boring. I enjoy relaxing and reading magazines.

- Audioscripts
3 It depends. Sometimes I like doing exercise. Sometimes I Listening
like going for walks. My favourite thing is going shopping at the
weekends. It's relaxing and good fun. Track 13
Conversation A
Track 09
Sam: Hey, Mick. Have you ever been to Thail and?
1 I love using the Internet.
Mick: Yeah. I was there last year. Why do you ask?
2 I really like chatting online with him.
Sam: Well, I'm thinking of doing a project on Asian food and
3 I prefer doing nothing to doing exercise.
was wondering whether Thai food was the same as Chinese.
4 I don't like going to the gym.
Mick: Oh, right. Umm ... Th ai food's not exactly the same as
5 It depends. Sometimes I like going for walks.
Chinese, but they both have a really healthy diet, with lots
6 My favourite thing is going shopping. of vegetables. Some of the dishes are pretty hot and ~.
though.

Unit 3: Different cultures Conversation B

Lisa: Hi, Tony. Do you have a moment?
Speaking
Tony: Sure. What's it about?
Track 10
Lisa: Well, I'm researching types of homes across the world
Last year I travelled to Rio and visited my cousin and his fami ly. and I thought I'd ask you where people live in Australia.
My best friend went too. We went to my cousin's house and
Tony: Sure. Which part of Austra lia are you thinking about?
we had a delicious traditional meal. After we ate dinner, we
I mean, there are blocks of flats in most cities, the same as
wa lked to the city centre. Wh en we saw the carnival, it was
anywhere else in the world .
very exciting! We danced and sang. We watched the parade.
It was fun, but we were very tired. Then we visited another
city and stayed at a famous hotel, but it wasn't very nice. We Conversation C
stayed for two days; then we went home. It was a special trip
Li Li: Hi, Barbara. How's your Japanese language project going?
for me because I travelled without my parents for the first time.
Barbara: It's great! I'm learning about the Japanese alphabet at
the moment. And what about your project about China? How
Track 11
many languages do they speak?
/t/
Li Li: Ah. Well there's Mandarin Ch inese and.at least another
danced
ten varieties of Chinese from different regions.
watched
Barbara: Wow! That's amazing!
/d/
stayed
travelled Conversation D
Debbie: Amira ... I'm doing a project on traditiona l clothing. Do
/Id/ you have any in the Emirates?
hated
visited Amira: Oh, yes we do ... The typical dress for women is called
an abaya . It's basica lly a long black dress, but we decorate it
w ith gold patterns around the sleeves and neck. It's usual-
Track 12
ly made of a kind of silk. Look at this one, here. What do you
1 liked think?
2 loved Debbie: Oh. I think it's lovely.
3 started
4 studied
5 walked
6 wanted

Audioscripts - ·
 Unit 4: Places to live Listening
Track 18
Speaking
And now for some local news ... When the receptionist
Track 14 arrived at Goodmead Primary school on Monday, she found
that someone had broken into the office and stolen several
One syllable: beach, bridge, park
laptops, so she called the police. They came to look at the
Two syllables: cafe, hotel, river crime scene straight away and advised her to make sure she
Three syllables: factory, gallery, skyscraper, theatre locked up the office every evening in future. They also suggested
that she should watch out for any strangers nearby. Two days
Track 15 later, the police called to say that they had caught the thieves
and arrested them. They said they would take them to court in
cafe
the next few days.
hotel
river
factory
Track 19
gallery When the receptionisl_9,rrive.<:L9.t Goodmead Primary School
skyscraper _Qn Monday, she found that someone had broke.Qjnto the office
theatre and stolen severalJaptops, so she called the police.

Track 16
There is a museum, yes. It's very famous. Culture is important Unit 6: The natural world
to my city. So there are lots of tourist attractions such as gal-
leries, tours, theatres, that sort of thing. There's lots of traffic Speaking
in the centre. Everybody has a car! There are some shopping
Track 20
malls, which is good because I love going shopping with my
friends. There are always lots of people in the malls. And there u:
are some traditional food markets. You can buy lots of strange monsoon
food there. There isn't a beach but it doesn't matter. And
there aren't any harbours. One problem is that there isn't any au
accommodation for students. It's very difficult to study here. now

A
summer
Unit 5: Arts and media
ei
favourite
Speaking
:l:
Track 17
stormy
1 I enjoy listening to a programme called Fashion Today. It's a
documentary series. It's about clothes and the fashion indus- au
try. It's presented by different models each week. I like learning cold
about the different fashions.

2 In my country, reality TV shows are very popular. M y favour-

Track 21
ite show is Hello Hotel. The participants are famous people. April
They work in the hotel. The thing I like best is the hotel man- autumn
ager. He's always angry. drought
humid
3 I often watch a drama series ca lled Patrol. It's set in London.
June
It stars some famous actors. It's about the police. It's very
month
exciting. I think it's good entertainment.
November
outside
rainy
snowy
stormy
sunny

- Audioscripts
Track 22 Track 26
u: chemistry
humid college
June deadline
engineering
au
graduate
drought
graduation
outside
history
A lecture
month medicine
sunny presentation
e1 project
April timetable
rainy
Track 27
:>:
autumn 1 [Oo]
stormy business
college
au
dead line
November
lecture
snowy
project

Track 23 2 [Ooo]
literature
1 You can go to the beach in the summer.
chemistry
2 You can't do anything when the weather is very hot.
graduate
3 You can't play tennis outside when it's ra iny. history
4 The rainy season can last for weeks. medicine
5 You can't go skiing in hot and dry climates. timetable

6 The weather can change quickly in the mountains. 3 [ooOo]

mathematics
engineering
Unit 7: Education graduation
presentation
Speaking
4 [ooOoo]
Track 24 university
1 I'm studying medicine. It's hard work and there are lots of
lectures, but I enjoy helping people. I'm in my first year and I'd Track 28
like to be a doctor.
1 Marcel
2 I'm doing a business studies course. It's about the different I'm revising for an exam. It's my final year and I'm working very
parts of a business, like finance, people or marketing. It's really hard. I'm having extra tuition, and my grades are im proving.
interesting. I'd like to be a company director.
2 Dee
3 I'm studying law. It's about the legal system in different
countries. I think it's a very difficult course and there are lots of I'm visiting my brother at college. He's living in halls this year,
deadlines. I'd like to be a lawyer. and he's having a great time. I'm helping him w ith his course -
work this semester, and we're preparing a presentation at the
Track 25 moment.

1 business, two syllables, business 3 Lara

2 literature, th ree syllables, literature I'm thinking about doing another course next year. I'm applying
3 mathematics, four syllables, mathematics for a scholarship at a university in my hometown, and I'm filling
4 university, five syllables, university out the application form now.

Audioscripts - '
 Unit 8: Work A: Do you have to work long hours?
B: Yes. At the moment, I need to work hard to complete a
Speaking project.

Track 29 A: What does your job involve?

1 I'm a police officer and I work different shifts each week. My B: W ell, I have to meet lots of people, but I don't have to speak
job is to keep people safe. different languages because we all speak English . I often
have to prepare reports or give presentations.
2 I work for a national newspaper. I interview people and write
articles. I'm a journalist.

3 I help my patients every day. I work in a hospital and I'm a Unit 9: Holidays and travel
nurse.

4 I work as a volunteer. I work with animals and I have to look Speaking

after them every day.
Track 32
5 I'm a businessman and I work in the city. I work with differ-
I'm going to go on an activity holiday next month. I'm very ex-
ent companies and I make lots of money.
cited. I'm going to America. I like Americans. I think the people
6 I work in a school and my job is to help students pass exams. are very friend ly.
I'm a teacher.
I'm going to learn new sports, like basketball and American
football. I think both sports are very exciting. I'm also going to
Track 30 take lessons in water sports, but I'm not going to go swimming
a I had a part-time job at the company and I really enjoyed it. in the sea because I'm not a very good swimmer.
My boss and my colleagues were professional but very friend- I'm not going to go sightseeing, but I'm going to visit local
ly. I applied for a full-time job in my final year at university and festivals and I'm going to eat in traditional restaurants. The
I got it. Th e job is we ll paid, so I'm earning a good salary, and I food is going to be delicious.
also travel to lots of different countries. It's an exciting job.
I'm going to go on day trips because there are some beau-
b I work as a personal assistant at a very we ll-known com- tiful places in America.
pany. I love my job. I got my job last year. I worked here as a
volunteer to get work experience. I really enjoyed it so I wrote
Track 33
to the company director and asked for a job. I use my languages
regularly, and I work fl exible hours. 1 I'm going to study in America.
2 I'm going to study in America.
c Two years ago, I worked as a volunteer in a hospital because
I wanted to help people. I went to university, but I worked at
the hospital each summer. I didn't want to travel the world, so Track 34
I applied for the job. Now I'm earning a good salary, and it's my 1 I'm going to visit England.
dream job!
2 I'm not going to visit Spain .

Track 31 Track 35
A: What do you do? 1 I'm going to stay in a hotel.
B: I'm a manager. I work for a well-known internationa l com- 2 I'm not going to take any photos.
pany, so I often have to travel to different offices around the
3 I'm going to eat in traditional restaurants.
world .
4 We're going to visit historical sites.
A: Did you have to get any qualifications or do any training for 5 W e're not going to learn a new sport.
your job?
6 We're going to go sightseeing.
B: Yes, I did. I had to complete three training courses. Thank-
fully, I didn't have to revise for any exams because the
assessment was an interview and giving a presentation. Listening
A: Do you have to wear a uniform or smart clothes? Track 36
B: I don't have to wear a uniform, but I have to wear a suit to Travel agent: Good morning. Hi Fliers, can I help you?
meetings. Taxi driver: Hel lo, Margaret. This is Dave. I'm at the airport and
I want to check the flights of the passengers I'm meeting.

- Audioscripts
Travel agent: Oh, OK, Dave. Go ahead. Unit 11: Taking responsibility
Taxi driver: Right. The Spanish flight arrived at 04.50 and flight
1550 from China arrived at 6.00. The 6.50 from the Emirates Speaking
has been delayed. That's flight UAE1880, but the Lisbon flight's
already landed at Gate 16. Is that all of them? And do you have Track 41
any news about ... [fades out] I remember getting to the airport and feeling really nervous.
I had lots of bags, my passport, my currency and I looked for
the check-in desk. Then I couldn't find my ticket but my mother
Unit 10: Health had it in her bag. My parents came with me to say goodbye.
They knew it was an important day for me because I was trav-
elling on my own for the first time . I checked in my luggage and
Listening then I felt very excited.
Track 37
Track 42
Here are the ingredients for our special apple cake.
I was very nervous before the national championships. I felt
You need 500 grams, that's half a kilo of apples, two hundred
terrified! We travelled to the city the night before and it was
and fifty grams of sugar - that's a quarter of a kilo - and 330
a long and boring journey on the bus. We were all really tired
grams, or a third of a kilo, of flour. You also need 200 grams
when we woke up the next day. Finally, our match started. I
of butter, that's a fifth of a kilo of butter. And finally the milk.
was surprised because some of the players on my team were
You need a fifth of a litre of milk or, if you prefer, that's 200
very relaxed . The opposition were an excellent team and the
millilitres.
match was tiring, but thankfully we won! We were all delighted
and I think our manager was satisfied with the result. It was a
Speaking really exciting event for me.

Track 38 Track 43
I like doing yoga and playing brain training games. I enjoy 1 I was very bored at my brother's graduation.
doing these activities on my own because I work in a busy,
2 I feel really tired at the end of the week.
noisy office every day. It's important to relax after a hard day.
Yoga makes me feel relaxed and I think brain training games 3 I was very surprised when I passed all my exams.
are good for my mind. 4 I felt really excited when I travelled on my own.

Track 39 Track 44
Charles I think the most important event for a student is graduation
day. It is more important than end-of-year exams because you
I like playing chess. I spend lots of time playing chess with my
are celebrating the end of university. I think graduates are hap-
father. I think it's good for you. It's good for your mind because
pier than undergraduates because there are no more exams.
it's challenging and you have to think and plan all the time. It's
Finding a job is more worrying than taking exams.
hard! In my opinion, it's important to keep your mind active.

Rosa
Unit 12: Money
A healthy activity I enjoy doing is cooking. I cook every day
because I think it's important to have a healthy diet. You Listening
shouldn't eat junk food because it's not good for you. I like
cooking at home and inviting friends and family for dinner. It Track 45
makes me feel happy because everybody thinks the food is
1 I bought this shirt in a sale.
delicious.
2 My brother thinks online shopping is much quicker than
going to the shops.
Track 40
3 The good thing about shopping in a department store is that
1 It's good for you.
you can get everything in one place.
2 It isn't good for you.
4 The last time I took something back to a shop, the customer
3 It's really bad for you. services manager wasn't there.
4 It's important to stay healthy. 5 I lost my credit card the other day. I was really worried some-
5 You shouldn't eat junk food. one else would use it.

Audioscripts - "
 6 Have you ever bought a train ticket with a student discount?
It's so much cheaper.

Track 46
Interviewer: Could you tell me something about who does the
shopping in your family?

Miriam: Of course. Well, in a way, it depends on what kind of

shopping you mean. There are four people in my family but
only two of us actually go shopping. I think we're like most
families, really. I mean, my mother always buys the food. She's
very organized, you know, she always makes a shopping list
before she goes out. She says it's a good way to save money.
Anyway, she goes to the supermarket once a week and gets
everything we need. My father and brother hardly ever go to
the shops, but I love shopping! I'm the person in our fa mily who
goes shopping the most. I just love to go to the shopping mall
with my friends. Sometimes, I buy clothes on the spur of the
moment, you know, without planning to. But quite often, when
I get home I don't really like what I've bought and I have to go
back and ask for a refund. I don't like doing that very much. I
think it's a bit embarrassing.

Speaking
Track 47
1 One of my favourite possessions is my electric guitar. It was
very expensive and it was a birthday present for my eighteenth
birthday. My grandparents gave it to me. It's modern and red
and white. I play it every day. I think it's made of wood and
plastic. I like it because my grandparents gave it to me and my
birthday was a very special day.

2 One of my favourite possessions is a handbag. It's large,

old-fashioned, and it's made of red leather. I love it. It's beauti-
ful. My older sister gave it to me when I graduated. I like it be-
cause it reminds me of my graduation, and I use it for .carrying
all my things.

Track 48
1 It's made of leather.
2 I use it for texting my friends.
3 I like it because it's unusual.
4 It's important to me because my father gave it to me.
5 It reminds me of home.

Track 49
1 I've had my mobile for about three months.
2 I've owned this guitar since 2002.
3 I've used this laptop for a year.
4 I've carried this photo in my bag since my graduation.
5 I've worn this watch for years.
6 I've wanted a new car since I passed my driving test.

- Audioscripts