THE EFFECTS OF FERMENTED MILKFISH (Chanos chanos)

INNARDS AS LIQUID FERTILIZER IN THE GROWTH OF

CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) PLANT

A Research

Presented to the Faculty of Saint Louis University

Laboratory Senior High School

C.M. Recto Road, St. Joseph Village

Baguio City

In partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the subject

Practical Research 3

ARZADON, Mark Gerald

BARUELA, Leigh Vaneza

CORNISTA, Amadeo Charles

DE GRACIA, Nicole

MANAGDAG, Dyan Kezia

PARAGINOG, Cezar Dominic

PULMANO, Mary Jaela

RABAGO, Nica Feby

ROMERO, Earl James

SISON, Patricia Isabel

 THE EFFECTS OF FERMENTED MILKFISH (Chanos chanos)
INNARDS AS LIQUID FERTILIZER IN THE GROWTH OF
CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) PLANT
ARZADON, M.G., BARUELA, L.V., CORNISTA, A.C., DE GRACIA, N., MANAGDAG, D. K., PARAGINOG,
C.D., PULMANO, M.J., RABAGO, N. F., ROMERO, E.J., SISON, P. I.

Saint Louis University Laboratory High School – Senior High

Baguio City

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to develop a liquid fertilizer from milkfish (Chanos chanos) innards for the
cultivation of chili pepper (Capsicum frusctesens). The experiment aimed to determine the response of the chili
plants to the liquid milkfish innards fertilizer compared to another type of fertilizer, which is animal manure. The
study made use of randomized complete block design (RCBD) as a basis to determine the growth of the chili pepper
plants using liquid milkfish innards fertilizer compared to the use of animal manure fertilizer. The research used
ANOVA and standard deviation since each pot plants used the treatment of having the same amount of soil,
sunlight, and water while being subjected to different fertilizers. The researchers created the fish emulsion mixture
by mixing the milkfish innards, brown organic matter, molasses and water. It has rested for 3 weeks, then it was
filtered to become fish emulsion. It was applied to four chili pepper plants, the other four were applied with chicken
manure, and the other four were applied with synthetic fertilizer. The remaining four plants became the control
variable, having no fertilizers applied. The 16 plants were observed, and further studies were conducted. there was
no significant difference between the treatments, however, based on the results of our comparison of the mean
between the initial and final observations, the milkfish innards are proven to be effective having the highest average
growth among the four treatments.

Keywords: milkfish innards, Dagupan milkfish, liquid fertilizer, chili pepper, animal manure

December 2019

INTRODUCTION 2016). Production reached 225,000 tons in

the country in 2011 (Bureau of Agricultural
Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is a staple Statistics). Milkfish in the country is mainly
food fish in the Philippines. Also called as produced in the province of Dagupan,
bandeng or bangus, it is a silvery marine Pangasinan. According to Marte (2010), it
fish, and it is the only living fish of the will remain to be the backbone of the
family Chanidae (Bagarinao, 1999). Being Philippine aquaculture, since this type of
known as the national fish in country, it is an fish is one of the most cultured in the
important food fish in the Philippines as it is country. Because the fish is being widely
widely cultivated and consumed for food, consumed and distributed, more wastes are
composts and more. The country is currently being produced from the product. Certain
ranked as 2nd in terms of milkfish measures are being taken to ensure that these
manufacturing, following next to Indonesia scraps will be reused, and fish waste will be
(“Saving the Milkfish Industry Through reduced. One way to reuse these scraps is by
Local Production of Hatchery-Bred Fry”,

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 2
using these as an alternative organic stated by FAO (2001) that the utilization of
fertilizer. the materials in valuable products which are
otherwise thrown away is the main
Organic fertilizers are composts that are advantage of processing fish silage. Fish
derived from plants or animal manures, offal are often disregarded and thrown as
either coming from fresh or dried material wastes in the Philippines. It signifies how
(Wohlfarth and Schroeder, 1979; Das and the effectiveness of leftover materials can
Jana, 2003; Kumar et al., 2004). These serve a great purpose in agriculture and to
components make cultivation of plants and the environment.
crops easier for farmers and growers as they
help the plantations grow at a fast rate. Different species of fishes can be used
Aside from the health of plants, these are for cultivation; however, this research makes
important for microorganisms to grow use of milkfish (Chanos Chanos) due to
properly in the soil, helping in specific reasons. There are various species
decomposition (“Plant Factory”, 2016). being studied in relation to using fish as
Organic fertilizers have different varieties: fertilizer, but few researches are conducted
manure, decomposed organic matter and fish using milkfish as their material. Another
emulsion. Fish emulsions are fertilizers that reason is to reuse organic waste products for
are made of different fermented fish’s scraps the growth of the agriculture and the
or innards. Lema and Degebassa (2013) environment of the country. As stated by
explained that organic fertilizers, such as Punongbayan (2019), agriculture in the
one made from fish viscera, are Philippines is declining by 5.7% due to the
environmentally friendly as these do not drop of crop fertilization, Rice Tarrification
pollute aquatic ecosystems. Fish fertilizer Act and El Niño. Land pollution is also
can be in the form of powder or liquid. increasing, having organic materials that
Liquid organic fertilizer mostly produces came from papers, food wastes and others
fish silage as its main component. In this fill up the land become the most generated
study, the fertilizer will be in liquid form. garbage as stated by Bradford (2018).
This is because organic fertilizers mostly Milkfish innards are counted as an organic
produce fish silage as its main component. waste. Supartinah (2012) reported that
Fahlivi (2018) claimed that fish silage is a milkfish viscera contained up to 66.8%
natural liquid product made entirely from moisture, 1.2% ash, 9.7% lipid, and 8.7%
innards of different species of fish and that protein. These are components that are
each by-raw material contains vitamins, essential to becoming an organic fertilizer
elements, and certain amino acids that can (Reynolds, 2017). Moreover, it was studied
be used as a fertilizer or as a supplement to by Suseno and Suhono (2007) that by-raw
animal feed. Also, according to Gaskell material from milkfish such as viscera and
(1999), fish offal’s fertilizers contain cut-offs are approximately 20 – 30% of the
significant quantities of protein, nitrogen as fish. This means that a large portion of the
well as a healthy balance of all the 18 fish is wasted, being discarded as it is not fit
nutrients known to be significant for crops for human consumptions.
growth.
One of the most prominent products in
Generally, fish fertilizers are good the Philippines aside from milkfish are chili
substitutes for inorganic composts, peppers. It belongs to the family Solanaceae,
promoting resourcefulness of waste that are and the most demanded type of chili in the
left from the consumption of fish. It was country is Capsum frusctesens (in local

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 3
terms: siling labuyo), which is widely used Research Questions
in Philippine cuisine. These are consumed
by many because of their spicy taste, The main intent of this study is to
nutritional values and health benefits determine the effectiveness of the liquid
(Ganeshnauth, Jaikishun, Ansari, organic fertilizer made from milkfish
Homenauth, 2017). As stated by Singh (Chanos chanos) innards to the growth of
(1998), the chilis are rich in vitamins A, B-6 chili pepper (Capsicum frusctesens). Also,
and C. One chili pepper contains 8% of this study aims to compare the effects of the
vitamin A, 10% of vitamin B-6 and 107% of liquid milkfish innards fertilizer to the plants
vitamin C. According to Maji and Banerji in terms of height, color, number of leaves
(2016), these peppers contain different and fruits compared to another type of
antioxidants and medicinal properties that organic fertilizer, which is animal manure.
are also widely used to promote weight loss, Efficacy of liquid fertilizer from milkfish
cure sleep deprivation, reduction of tumor, (Chanos chanos) innards to the growth of
protect the nerves of the person, cure chilli pepper (Capsicum fructesens) has not
arthritis and other health benefits. yet been entirely introduced to the market.
This will determine whether the milkfish
Chilis are not limited to the Philippine innards can be used as a substitute for other
agriculture. Chilis are also mostly cultivated commercial organic fertilizers. Therefore,
in Asian countries such as Cambodia, the researchers must be able to answer the
Philippines, India, Laos, Malaysia, following problems:
Myanmar, and Thailand (Khandaker,
Rohani, Dalorima, Mat, 2017). Since 1. Is there a significant difference on the
production of this pepper plant is highly effects of fermented milkfish innards as
demanded in these countries, different fertilizer to the growth of chili plant in terms
measures are taken to enhance the quality of plant height as compared with an organic
and the amount of time chili peppers need to chicken manure fertilizer, synthetic fertilizer
grow. and with no fertilizer?

Ganeshnauth et al (2019) stated that 2. How effective is the milkfish innards as

chili peppers are usually grown with the use a liquid fertilizer?
of chemical or inorganic fertilizers because
Significance of the Study
this kind of cultivation is faster in terms of
plant growth. However, because of the Results of this investigation would
different environmental and agricultural be highly significant and beneficial mainly
problems the country is facing, alternatives to the community which involves farmers,
are being looked on. According to Verma agriculturists, home crop growers,
and Verma (2012), continuous use of consumers of the products, and the local
chemical fertilizer damages the soil citizens, because it will lessen the expenses
condition due to the loss of microbial when it comes to the purchasing of such
contents that are needed for plant growth. product. It will also raise awareness of the
Liquid organic fertilizers such as milkfish importance of reusing wastes from the
innards are one of the different kinds of consumption in food to reduce the amount of
alternative that can be used for an garbage being produced. Milkfish innards as
environmental-friendly and health-friendly a fertilizer do not contain any environmental
production of plants, particularly in this pollutants which are known to cause
research, for the cultivation of chili peppers. diseases that can harm both humans and

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 4
animals. According to Abelti (2013), “Fish that measures the dispersion of a dataset
offal’s fertilizers are excellent sources of relative to its mean and is calculated at the
nutrition for soils and plants, as fish contains square root of the variance. Standard
the full spectrum of nutrients found in the deviation can be computed in two ways,
planets’ waters.” This means that fish is safe depending on the research type: population
to use and is organic, containing only the standard deviation and sample standard
nutrients contained by the fish, which will deviation. In this study, sample standard
be beneficial to the soil and the plant itself deviation is used since chili pepper plants
as stated before. Furthermore, the economy were observed. The formula for the sample
is greatly influenced in this study, because standard deviation is as follows:
applying alternative plant fertilizer promotes
innovative products, and helps in creating
more yields that people can use which serves
as a guide for people to be aware of the
importance of resourcefulness in our To further elaborate, the researchers
country’s current state. To the future aimed to accomplish the following tasks:
researchers, this study can serve as a
reference for future studies and take in to Task 1: Develop a liquid fertilizer out of
milkfish (Chanos chanos);
account any revisions, especially for the
growth of the Philippines’ agricultural and Task 2: Measure the effect of the fertilizer for a
economic development. specific vegetable plant which is the Chili
pepper (Capsicum frusctesens) within the
METHODOLOGY expected time of growth;

Research Design Task 3: Compare the results with that of the one
with the animal manure and one with no
One-way ANOVA was applied in order fertilizers at all
to compare the results of each dependent Furthermore, for easier analysis, the
variable by measuring the outcome of each research design is depicted as follows:
plant. According to Kenton (2019),
“Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an MILKFISH
INNARDS
CHICKEN
MANURE
SYNTHETIC
FERTILIZER
CONTROL
GROUP
analysis tool used in statistics that splits an FERTILIZER
Day 1 X1 cm Y1 cm Z1 cm A1 cm
observed aggregate variability found inside a Day 2 X2 cm Y2 cm Z2 cm A2 cm
data set into two parts: systematic factors Day 3 X3 cm Y3 cm Z3 cm A3 cm
and random factors.” Additionally, ANOVA Day 4 X4 cm Y4 cm Z4 cm A4 cm
AVE X cm Y cm Z cm A cm
is utilized since there is only one variable MEAN:
being studied (chili pepper plant). Table 1: The research design
Researchers have the control over the kind
of fertilizer to be used for the growth of the Materials and Location
16 chili pepper plants, specifically the liquid
fertilizer, chicken manure and the synthetic The researchers used the following
fertilizer. Four plants were left as the control materials for this research: 16 plant pots, 7
group, having no fertilizer applied to it. kilograms of Milkfish innards, natural soil, 7
Standard deviation was also used to compare liters of warm water, 1 bucket with a
each treatment in terms of their mean in the capacity of 20 liters, 64 grams of molasses,
growth of the plants. According to Hargrave 150 grams of animal manure, 150 grams
(2019), “The standard deviation is a statistic synthetic fertilizer and seeds of chili pepper.
The chili pepper seeds were obtained from

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 5
 its fruit and the milkfish innards was bought germination.” Fermentation of the organic
from the market in Dagupan City. product can contribute to the avoidance of
this situation.
The experiment was conducted in
Baguio City, Philippines, but the fish
innards were gathered in Dagupan City.
c. FERMENTATION PROCESS
Dagupan City is known as the Bangus
(Milkfish) Capital of the Philippines. After that, the compost was covered
with lid and kept in a dry place away from
Data Gathering Procedure
the sun. The mixture was mixed every few
To gather the data needed for the days for 2 weeks, clearing up the foam and
research, the fish emulsion was made by the gas build-up being formed due to the
researchers. The process of creating the fermentation process. The water from the
milkfish innards fish fertilizer is as follows: mixture was then poured off to be caught in
another empty bucket. The water is to be the
a.EMULSION OF MILKFISH INNARDS AND fish emulsion.
PLANTATION OF CHILI PEPPER SEEDS
d. DILUTION OF FISH EMULSION AND
The chili pepper plants were planted APPLICATION TO CHILI PEPPER PLANT
beforehand, letting the plants grow for about
6 weeks before the application of the The remaining fish innards and organic
homemade fish emulsion. According to matter scraps were brewed again to make
Rose (2013), to make the fish fertilizer, the another batch. The emulsion was used on the
fish innards were collected and layered in a variable plant, by diluting 150 grams of the
bucket along with the brown organic matter emulsion to 20 liters of water. The fertilizer
(dried leaves), filling it until two-thirds of was then applied every 2 weeks, watering
the bucket is full. Water was then poured to every other day. The fish fertilizer was
fill the bucket, covering the compost applied to the chili pepper plants and their
completely. growth were observed to see the
effectiveness of the liquid organic fertilizer.
b. APPLICATION OF MOLASSES Alongside with that, four plants were
applied with animal manure, four plants
Molasses was mixed as well to induce
were applied with synthetic fertilizer and
fermentation. Molasses is an agro-industrial
another four will remain neutral, not
by-product during processing of sugarcane
applying any fertilizer to the plant.
and sugar beet into sugar, often used in
alcohol distilleries due to the presence of Plan for Data Analysis
high levels of fermentative sugars such as
glucose, sucrose and fructose (16), being an After a period of 4 weeks, all the gathered
optimal carbon source for the data were observed and were concluded,
microorganism metabolism (Behera, giving additional discussions and
Mohanty & Ray, 2012). Fermentation of the information regarding the experiment and
mixture is needed to prolong the life of the the studies gathered. To analyze the data, the
emulsion. According to Leong (2011), researchers observed the growth of the
“harmful substances such as lignin, tannic plants, specifically their plant height (in cm).
acid, oil and fats, terpene and others are
present in the fertilizer. These substances
are harmful to the roots and also inhibit

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 6
 All gathered data were recorded in a analysis of variance as the statistical tool.
table for comparison and elaboration, using

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The interpretation of the table was based

The plants were grown to a specific on the F-value and F critical portion of the
amount of time before measuring and results. If the number of the F-value is larger
applying the fertilizer. The plants were
than the F critical, the null hypothesis will
grown up to 4 weeks before the initial
measurement and they were grouped into be rejected, and if the F-value is smaller than
four, each compromising 1 of each of the 4 the F critical, the null hypothesis will be
treatments. The fertilizers were applied in an accepted. Based on the observations of the
interval of 1 day apart. Group 1 was applied experiment, the results of the ANOVA
first; Group 2 was applied on the second statistical test determined that the F-value
day; group 3 was applied the third day and has a smaller number than the F critical,
group 4 was applied the 4th day prior to the
therefore, there is no significant difference
initial measurement of the plants. The
following table is the initial measurement of between the means of the four treatments.
the plants:
The standard deviation was also used to
determine the differences found between
Fish Chicken Synthetic None each treatment in terms of their mean. The
Fertilizer Manure Fertilizer
(A) (B) (C) (D) following results were obtained:
DAY 1 2 cm 2.5 cm 1.5 cm 1.5 cm

DAY 2 3.4 cm 3 cm 3.2 cm 2 cm FISH FERTILIZER:

DAY 3 2 cm 2.8 cm 2 cm 2.5 cm
Standard Deviation, s: 0.38622100754188
DAY 4 4 cm 2.1 cm 3 cm 3.8 cm
Count, N: 4
MEAN: 2.85 cm 2.6 cm 2.43 cm 2.45 Sum, Σx: 17.7
(μ) cm Mean, x̄: 4.425
2
Figure 1: Initial measurements of the chili pepper plants Variance, s : 0.14916666666667

After 4 weeks, the plants were measured

again for the final results: CHICKEN MANURE:
Fish
Fertilizer
Chicken
Manure
Synthetic
Fertilizer
None
Standard Deviation, s: 1.024288370854
(A) (B) (C) (D)
DAY 1 4.3 cm 2.8 cm 2.2 cm 2.5 cm Count, N: 4
Sum, Σx: 14.9
DAY 2 4.2 cm 5 cm 4.7 cm 3.2 cm
Mean, x̄: 3.725
2
DAY 3 4.2 cm 4.1 cm 2.3 cm 3 cm Variance, s : 1.0491666666667
DAY 4 5 cm 3 cm 3 cm 4.3 cm

MEAN: 4.43 cm 3.73 cm 3.05 cm 3.25

SYNTHETIC FERTILIZER:
(μ) cm

Standard Deviation, s: 1.1561430130683

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 7
Count, N: 4 mean
Sum, Σx: 12.2 Milkfish 2.85 cm 4.43 cm 1.58 cm
Innards
Mean, x̄: 3.05
2 Chicken 2.6 cm 3.73 cm 1.13 cm
Variance, s : 1.3366666666667 Manure
Synthetic 2.43 cm 3.05 cm 0.62 cm
Control 2.45 cm 3.25 cm 0.8 cm
Group

As shown on the table, the milkfish

CONTROL GROUP: innards fertilizer had an average of 1.58 cm
growth; chicken manure had an average of
Standard Deviation, s: 0.75938571665963 1.13 cm growth; synthetic fertilizer had an
Count, N: 4 average of 0.62 cm growth and the control
Sum, Σx: 13 group had 0.8 cm of average growth. This
Mean, x̄: 3.25 depicted that the application of milkfish
Variance, s2: 0.57666666666667 innards fertilizer had the highest average
growth, chicken manure being the second,
The results showed that the standard control being the third and the synthetic
deviation for the milkfish innards fertilizer being the last. Although there were little
was 0.39; chicken manure with 1.02; differences between the growth, the average
synthetic fertilizer with 1.16; and the control growth still varied.
group with 0.76. Hargrave (2019) stated that
the distance of the data points from the mean CONCLUSION
signifies the amount of difference between Wastes had gradually become a major
the results and the mean, meaning if the data problem in the environment. Organic wastes
points are further from the mean, there is a are a part of this issue and reusing them as
higher deviation within the data set; thus, the organic fertilizers is one solution to solving
more spread out the data, the higher the this problem. Milkfish are one of the most
standard deviation. Among the four
prominent products in the country, hence
treatments, the milkfish innards fertilizer
had the lowest standard deviation, followed having one of the biggest organic waste
by the control group. This means that the produced, specifically the innards.
milkfish innards fertilizer had the lowest
variation in terms of growth. This also Milkfish innards were tested to
signified that there is no significant determine if it could be an effective
difference on the effects of the 4 different substitute for an organic fertilizer for plants,
treatments. especially in this study, chili pepper plants.
Also, they were tested in order to see the
To further test the study, the mean of
effectiveness of it compared to chicken
the initial growth was subtracted to the final
growth of the plants to compare the amount manure and synthetic fertilizer. The
of height each set of plants had grown. ANOVA and standard deviation stated that
there is no significant difference between
that of the milkfish fertilizer and the other
INITIAL FINAL TOTAL treatments. This meant that there was little
MEAN MEAN GROWTH

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 8
variation to the plant growths. However, highest amount of the average growth in the
basing from the comparison of the initial given amount of time. This stated that the
mean and the final mean of each treatment, milkfish innards fertilizer produced is an
it was seen that the milkfish innards had the effective organic

fertilizer and can be used as substitute for 2) A preferred location for the
chicken manure and synthetic fertilizer. observation of plants would be a
greenhouse or an enclosed area
RECOMMENDATIONS where an equal amount of sunlight
To further improve the study, the and protection against pests will be
researchers recommend the following for utilized for the subjects; and
further research: 3) The fertilizers may be compared to
two or more types of plants for
1) More time must be given in order to RCBD design.
have more accurate results in the
growth of the chili pepper plants;

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 9
 References:

1. Abelti, A. L. (2013). Microbiological and chemical changes of nile tilapia (oreochromis

niloticus l.) fillet during ice storage: effect of age and sex. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net

2. Bradford, A. (2018). Pollution facts and types of pollution. Retrieved from

https://www.livescience.com/22728-pollution-facts.html

3. Behera, S., Mohanty, R.C., and Ray, R.C. (2012). Ethanol fermentation of sugarcane
molasses by Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 immobilized in Luffa cylindrica Lponge
discs and Ca-alginate matrices. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 43(4). Retrieved
from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256542178_

4. Fahlivi, M. R. (2018). Physicochemical characteristics of liquid fertilizer from fish viscera.

Retrieved from http://www.unuftp.is

5. Ganeshnauth, V., Jaikishun, S., Homenauth, O., & Ansari, A. (2018). The effect of
vermicompost and other fertilizers on the growth and productivity of pepper plants in
Guyana. Automation in Agriculture – Securing Food Supplies for Future Generations.
Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323776958

6. German J. D., & Catabay M. (2018). Analysis of milkfish supply chain in the Philippines: A
case study in Dagupan, Pangasinan. Retrieved from https://aip.scitation.org

7. Golding, C., Sharmini, S., & Lazarovitch, A. (2014). What examiners do: what thesis
students
should know. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. doi:39.
10.1080/02602938.2013.859230.

8. Green, B. W. (2015). Fertilizers in aquaculture. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com

9. Guliman S.D., Perez M., Remerez P. J. & Roxas A. (2017). Gender and Poverty Dimensions
in a Value Chain Analysis of Milkfish Mariculture in Misamis Oriental, Philippines.
Asian Fisheries Science Special Issue 30S (2017): 343-353

10. Hashmi, M. (2019). What are the characteristics of a good research? Retrieved from
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-characteristics-of-a-good-research

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 10
11. How to make your own fish fertilizer. (2019). Retrieved from
https://thegrownetwork.com/a-recipe-for-homemade-fresh-fish-fertilizer/

12. Hughes, W. (2001) What makes a good research paper? ARCOM Newsletter, 16 (3), p.14.
Retrieved from http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/4306/

13. Khandaker M.M., Rohani F., Dalorima T., & Mat N., (2017). Effects of Different Organic
Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Capsicum Annuum L. Var. Kulai (Red
Chilli Kulai). Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 14(1), 185-192.

14. Lema, A., Degebassa, A. (2013). Comparison of chemical fertilizer, fish offal's fertilizer and
manure applied to tomato and onion. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net

15. Maji AK, & Banerji P. (2016). Phytochemistry and gastrointestinal benefits of the medicinal
spice, Capsicum annuum L. (Chilli). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

16. Plant factory (2016). Retrieved from https://cdn2.hubspot.net

17. Punongbayan, J. (2019). Dismal growth: why is the PH economy losing its momentum?
Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/237794-analysis-dismal-
growth-why-philippine-economy-losing-its-momentum

18. Reynolds, L. (2017). Components of organic fertilizer. Retrieved from

https://www.gardenguides.com/69939-components-organic-fertilizer.html

19. Singh M., Kumar, R., Dwivedi, N., Singh, R., Kumar, S., and Rai, V. (2011). A review on
molecular characterization of pepper for capsaicin and oleoresin. International Journal
of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 5(2), p. 99-
110. Retrieved from https://scialert.net

20. The state of food insecurity in the world (2001). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org

21. Verma G., Sharma R.P., Sharma S.P., Subehia S.K., Shambhavi S. (2012). Changes in soil

fertility status of maize-wheat system due to long-term use of chemical fertilizers and
amendments in an alfisol. Plant Soil Environ., 58, 529-533.

22. Wohlfarth, G.W. and G.L. Schroeder, (1979). Use of manure in fish farming-a review. Agric.
Wastes, 1, 279-299.

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 11
 APPENDICES
I. Procedures
STEP 1: Emulsion of Milkfish Innards

STEP 2: Application of Molasses

STEP 3: Fermentation Process

STEP 4: Dilution of Fish Emulsion

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 12
 II. Application of Treatments

III. Computations

ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between 1.49416 1.92072 0.18009 3.49029
Groups 4.4825 3 7 8 5 5
Within 0.77791
Groups 9.335 12 7

13.817
Total 5 15        

MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) INNARDS AS A LIQUID FERTILIZER FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CHILI (Capsicum fructesens) 13