CHAPTER 7
IMPULSE, MOMENTUM AND IMPACT
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 1
EXAMPLE 7.5
Direct central impact occurs between a 100-lb body moving to the right at
5 ft per sec and a body of weight W moving to the left at 3 ft per sec. The
coefficient of restitution 𝑒 = 0.5. After impact, the 100 𝑙𝑏 body rebounds
to the left at 2 ft per sec. Determine the weight W of the other body.
Solution:
𝑊𝐴 𝑣𝐴 + 𝑊𝐵 𝑣𝐵 = 𝑊𝐴 𝑣′𝐴 + 𝑊𝑏 𝑣′𝐵
100 5 − 𝑊 3 = 100 −2 + 𝑊𝑣′𝐵
700 = 3𝑊 + 𝑊𝑣′𝐵 eq. 1
𝑒= 0.5 =
Substitute
700 = 3𝑊 + 𝑊 2 𝑾 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝒍𝒃 Answer
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 2
EXAMPLE 7.6
A ball is thrown at an angle of against a smooth floor as shown. It
rebounds at an angle ’ with the floor. Show that the coefficient of
tan 𝜃′
restitution is given by the expression 𝑒 = .
tan 𝜃
Solution:
In triangle AOB: 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦 cot 𝜃 (1)
In triangle OCD: 𝑣′𝑥 = 𝑣′𝑦 cot 𝜃′
Since the floor is smooth, 𝑣′𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 . Hence, 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣′𝑦 cot 𝜃′ (2)
Equating eq. (1) and (2)
𝑣𝑦 cot 𝜃
𝑣𝑦 cot 𝜃 = 𝑣′𝑦 cot 𝜃′ 𝑣′𝑦 =
cot 𝜃′
𝑣′𝑦 𝑣𝑦 cot 𝜃 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽′
𝑒= =𝑣 𝒆= Answer
𝑣𝑦 𝑦 cot 𝜃′ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 3
EXAMPLE 7.7
The balls A and B in the figure are attached to stiff rods of negligible weight.
Ball A is released from rest and allowed to strike B. If the coefficient of
restitution is 0.5, determine the angle through which the ball B will swing. If
the impact lasts for 0.01 sec, also find the average impact force.
Solution:
ℎ
cos 60° = ℎ = 5 𝑓𝑡 𝑏 = 10 − 5 = 5 𝑓𝑡
10
𝑓𝑡
𝑣𝐴 = 2𝑔ℎ 𝑣𝐴 = 2 32.2 5 𝑣𝐴 = 17.944
𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑊𝐴 𝑣𝐴 = 𝑊𝐴 𝑣′𝐴 + 𝑊𝐵 𝑣′𝐵 30 17.944 = 30𝑣′𝐴 + 20𝑣′𝐵
538.331 = 30𝑣′𝐴 + 20𝑣′𝐵 (1)
𝑣′𝐵 −𝑣′𝐴 𝑣′𝐵 −𝑣′𝐴
𝑒= 0.60 = 10.767 = 𝑣′𝐵 − 𝑣′𝐴 (2)
𝑣𝐴 −𝑣𝐵 17.944−0
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 4
EXAMPLE 7.7
Solving eq. (1) and (2) simultaneously,
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
𝑣′𝐴 = 6.45982 𝑣′𝐵 = 17.22682
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑐
Also,
𝑣′𝐵 = 2𝑔𝑐 17.22682 = 2 32.2 𝑐 𝒄 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟎𝟖𝟏 𝒇𝒕
From the figure,
ℎ = 8−𝑐 ℎ = 8 − 4.6081 𝒉 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟗𝟏𝟗 𝒇𝒕
Therefore,
3.3919
cos 𝜃 = 𝜽 = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟗𝟏𝟑𝟒° Answer
8
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 5
EXAMPLE 7.8
The spring shown has a normal length of
12 𝑖𝑛. It is compressed to half its length
and the blocks are suddenly released
from rest. Determine the velocity of
each block when the spring is again
12 𝑖𝑛 long.
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 6
EXAMPLE 7.8
❖ Using conservation of momentum equation
𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 = 𝑚1 𝑣′1 + 𝑚2 𝑣′2
50 0 + 30 0 = 50𝑣1 ′ + 30𝑣2 ′
𝟑
𝒗𝟏 ′ = 𝟓 𝒗𝟐 𝟏
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 7
EXAMPLE 7.8
❖ Kinetic energy of the block is absorbed by the spring
𝑘𝑠 2 1 1 𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
2
= 2 𝑚1 𝑣1 ′ 2 + 2 𝑚2 𝑣2 ′ 2 𝑘 = 60 𝑖𝑛
= 720 𝑓𝑡
6 2
720 12 1 50 3 2 1 30
= 𝑣 ′ +2 𝑣2 ′ 2
2 2 32.2 5 2 32.2
𝒇𝒕
𝒗𝟐 ′ = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟗𝟖 Answer
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒇𝒕
𝒗𝟏 ′ = 𝟔. 𝟔 Answer
𝒔𝒆𝒄
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 8
EXAMPLE 7.9
A tennis player strikes the tennis ball with her
racket while the ball is still rising. The ball speed
𝑚
before impact with the racket 𝑣1 = 15 𝑠 and
𝑚
after impact its speed is 𝑣2 = 22 𝑠 , with the
direction shown. If the 60 𝑔𝑚 ball is in contact
with the racket for 0.05 𝑠𝑒𝑐 , determine the
following: a) the x-component of the magnitude
of the average force R exerted by the racket on
the ball, b) the magnitude of the average force
exerted by the racket on the ball, and c) the
angle made by R with the horizontal.
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 9
EXAMPLE 7.9
❖ Magnitude of the x-component of the average force R
exerted by the racket on the ball
𝑅𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑚 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥
𝑅𝑥 0.05 = 0.060 22 cos 20° − −15 cos 10°
𝑹𝒙 = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟓𝟑 𝑵 Answer
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 10
EXAMPLE 7.9
❖ Magnitude of the average force exerted by the racket on the
ball
𝑅𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑚 𝑣2𝑦 − 𝑣1𝑦
𝑅𝑦 0.05 = 0.060 22 sin 20° − −15 sin 10°
𝑹𝒚 = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟎 𝑵
𝑅= 𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2
𝑅= 42.53 2 + 5.90 2
𝑹 = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟗𝟑 𝑵 Answer
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 11
EXAMPLE 7.9
❖ Angle made by the average force R from the
horizontal
𝑅𝑦
tan 𝜃 = 𝑅
𝑥
5.90
tan 𝜃 = 42.53
𝜽 = 𝟕. 𝟖𝟗𝟖° Answer
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 12
THANK YOU
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PREPARED BY: ENGR. LUCIA V. ORTEGA 5/9/2021 13
