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Ikb Iqlrd DK Lo:I

The document discusses the design principles of mathematics textbooks. It emphasizes developing conceptual understanding in students through examples from their environment and daily life. Active learning approaches are recommended over rote learning through formulas and algorithms. The textbook aims to engage students through questions, group activities and visual representations while reducing anxiety around the subject.

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9960307860p
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
75 views11 pages

Ikb Iqlrd DK Lo:I

The document discusses the design principles of mathematics textbooks. It emphasizes developing conceptual understanding in students through examples from their environment and daily life. Active learning approaches are recommended over rote learning through formulas and algorithms. The textbook aims to engage students through questions, group activities and visual representations while reducing anxiety around the subject.

Uploaded by

9960307860p
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ikB~; iqLrd dk Lo:i

[Link] ds izfr xyr /[Link] fd [Link] ,d dfBu fo"k; gS] ;g /[Link] flQZ gekjs cPpksa esa gh fon~;eku
ugha gS] cfYd gekjs vf/kdrj vfHkHkkodksa Hkh [Link] dks ,d dfBu fo"k; ds #i esa ekurs gS A muds
euefLr"d esa ges’kk ,d gh fpUrk cuh jgrh gS fd cPpk dSls [Link] dj ik;sxk\ cPpk [Link] esa
detksj u jg tk,W blls cPkus ds fy, og izkjEHk ls gh mls V~;w’ku ls tksM+ nsrs gS A bl izdkj
cPpk fo|ky; esa f'k{kd ls [Link] dk f'k{k.k djrk gS] fQj og V~;’w ku tkdj [Link] i<+rk gS vkSj ?kj
esa vfHkHkkod ls [Link] ds ckjs esa tkus&vutkus esa [Link] ds dfBurk ds ckjs esa lqurk gS vkSj tks og
lqurk gS] mlh dks og oSlk gh eglwl djus yxrk gS A cPpk iwjs le; [Link] fo"k; esa yxk jgrk gS
vkSj mls bl fo"k; esa bruk O;Lr j[kk tkrk gS fd og bl fo"k; ls fp<++us lk yxrk gS A bl izdkj
mldh bl fo"k; ls /khjs&/khjs #fp de gksus yxrh gS A #fp ds de gksus ls mldk bl fo"k; esa eu
yxuk de gks tkrk gS] tks vkxs pydj mlds fy;s ;g ,d dfBu fo"k; cu tkrk gS A

jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn us vius nLrkost jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;Zk dh :i js[kk
2005 us Hkh [Link] f'k{k.k dh izpfyr [Link];ksa ij dkQh fpark O;DRk djrs gq, vius mDr
nLrkost esa dgk fd [Link] f'k{k.k dk Lo:i ,slk cuk;k tk;] ftlls cPps [Link] ls Hk;Hkhr
gksus dh ctk; mldk vkuan mBk,a A cPps [Link] [Link] lh[ks A [Link] esa lw=ksa o ;kaf=d
izfdz;kvksa ls vkxs fudydj [Link] lh[ks A cPps [Link] dks ,slk fo"k; ekus ftl ij os ckr dj
ldsa] laizs"k.k gks lds] vkil esa PkpkZ dj lds vkSj os ml ij lkFk&lkFk dke dj lds A cPps
lkFkZd leL;k,a mBk,a vkSj muds gy fudkys A cPps vkewrZ dk iz;skx laca/kks dks le>us]
lajpukvksa dks ns[kikus vkSj phtksa dk foospu djus] dFkuksa dh lR;rk ;k vlR;rk dks ysdj rdZ
dj lds A jVUr [Link] ls eqDr [Link] dks viuk;s A cPpksa ds Kku dks iqLrd ds ckgjh Kku
ls tksM+dj Hkh ns[kk tk; rFkk d{kk ds vUnj ,oa ckgj xfrfof/k;ksa dks vf/kd ls vf/kd LFkku
fn;k tk; A bUgh lq>kko dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ikB~;iqLrdks dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gS A
[Link] dh iqLrd ds fuekZ.k dk y{; cPpksa esa mPp mÌs’;ksa dks izkIr djuk gS A iqLrd [Link] esa
bl ckr dk /;ku j[kk x;k gS fd iqLrd ds ek/;e ls lHkh cPpksa dks leku :Ik ls lh[kus dk
volj izkIr gks rFkk lh[kus esa Hk; dk vuqHko u gks A lkFk gh cgqr vPNk djus okys cPps ds
fy, vrfjDr lkexzh dh miyC/krk ds volj fn;s x;s gSa A blds fy, cPpksa ds vkarfjd
lalk/kuksa ds fodkl gsrq fofHkUUk izdkj ds rjhdks dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS lkFk gh cPps esa
rkfdZd n`f"Vdks.k c<+kus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS A ikB~;iqLr esa cPpksa dks Lo;a lh[kus ds volj
miyC/k djk;s x;s gSa A [Link]; ladYiukvksa dks cPps ds vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k ls ifjfLFkr
tU; [Link] dks izkFkfedrk nh xbZ gS A cPps jV&jV dj ;kn u djs blds fy, xfrfof/k;ksa
dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gS A iqLrd ds fdlh Hkh izdj.k dk izkjEHk bl ckr ls fn;k x;k gS fd
cPps dks D;k vkrk gS u fd D;k ugh vkrk A ;g fl)kar fdrkch Kku dh ml fojklr dss
foijhr gS ftlds izHkkoo'k gekjh O;oLFkk vkt rd Ldwy vkSj ?kj dss chp vrajky cuk, gq,
gS A iwjh iqLrd esa ^D;ksa^ dk iz;ksx T;knk fd;k x;k gS rkfd cPps [Link] dks crk lds A

u;h jk"Vhª; ikB;~p;kZ ij vk/kkfjr ikB~;Øe vkSj iqLrdsa bl cfqu;knh fopkj ij vey djus
dk iz;kl gaS A bl iz;kl eas gj fo"k; dks ,d etcwr nhokj ls ?ksjs nsus vkSj tkudkjh dks
jVk nsus dh izof`Ùk dk fojks/k 'kfey gS A bl iz;Ru dh lQyrk vc bl ckr ij fuHkZj gS fd
Ldwyksa ds izkpk;Z vkSj vè;kid cPpkas dks dYiuk'khy xfrfof/k;kas vkSj lokykas dh enn ls
lh[kus vkSj lh[kus ds nkSjku vius vuqHkoksa ij fopkj djus dk fdruk volj nsrs gaS A geas ;g
ekuuk gksxk fd ;fn txg] le; vkSj vkTk+knh nh tk, rks cPps cMkas }kjk lkSih xbZ
lwpuk&lkexzh ls tqM+dj vkSj tw>dj u, Kku dk lt`u djrs gaS A f'k{kk dss fofo/k lk/kuksa
,oa L=ksr dh vuns[kh fd, tkus dk izeq[k dkj.k ikB~;iqLrd dks ijh{kk dk ,d ek=k vk/kkj
cukus dh izofÙk gS A ltZuk vkSj igy dks fodflr djus ds fy, Tk+:jh gS fd ge cPpkas dks
lh[kus dh izfdz;k eas iwjk Hkkxhnkj ekuas vkSj cuk,¡ mUgas Kku dh fu/kkZfZjr [kqjkd dk xzkgd
ekuuk NkMs+ nas A

;s mís'; Ldwy dh nSfud ftaanxh vkSj dk;Z'kSyh esa d+kQh Qsjcny dh ek¡x djrs gSaA nSfud
le;&[Link] esa yphykiu mruk gh t:jh gS ftruk okf"kZd dSyaM
s j ds vey esa pqLrh] ftlls
f'k{k.k ds fy, fu;r fnuksa dh la[;k gdhdr cu ldsA f'k{k.k vkSj ewY;kadu dh fof/k;k¡ Hkh bl
ckr dks r; djsaxh fd ;g ikB~;iqLrd Ldwy esa cPpksa ds thou dks ekufld ncko rFkk cksfj;r
dh txg [kq'kh dk vuqHko cukus esa fdruh izHkkoh fl) gksrh gSA cks> dh leL;k ls fuiVus ds
fy, ikB~;Øe fuekZrkvksa us fofHkUu [Link] esa Kku dk iquZfu/kkZj.k djrs le; cPpksa ds euksfoKku
,oa vè;kiu ds fy, miyC/k le; dk è;ku j[kus dh igys ls vf/kd lpsr dksf'k'k dh gSA bl
dksf'k'k dks vkSj xgjkus ds ;Ru esa ;g ikB~;iqLrd lksp&fopkj vkSj foLe;] NksVs lewgksa esa
ckrphr ,oa cgl vkSj gkFk ls dh tkus okyh xfrfof/k;ksa dks izkFkfedrk nsrh gSA

Bu iqLrdks ds ek/;e ls d{kk esa ,d ,slk dk;ZØe fodflr djus dh izfØ;k dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k
x;k gS] tks cPpksa esa /[Link] dh jpuk djus dh {kerk fodflr djus ds lkFk gh [Link] ds xw<+
LoHkko dks le>us esa lgk;rk djsaA NCF-2005 esa fn, x, lq>koksa ds vuq:i] iz'uksa dks fofo/k
izdkj ls gy djus ds volj iznku djus dk rFkk cPpksa dks fofo/k ;qfDr;k¡] tks ,d nwljs ls
fHkUu gksa] [kkstus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djus dk ,d iz;Ru fd;k x;k gSA laf{kIr fof/k;k¡ vkSj
,YxksfjFe jVus ds LFkku ij ekSfyd fl)karksa ds lkFk dk;Z djus ij cy fn;k x;k gSA
ikB~;iqLrd esa bl Hkkouk dks tkjh j[kk x;k gS rFkk ,slh Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djus dk iz;kl fd;k
x;k gS] ftls cPps Lo;a i<+ ldsa vkSj le> ldsaA ;g i<+kbZ lewgksa esa ;k O;fDrxr :i ls gks
ldrh gS rFkk dqN LFkkuksa ij blesa vè;kid }kjk lgk;rk vkSj leFkZu iznku djus dh
vko';drk iM+ ldrh gSA iqLrd esa fofHkUu izdkj ds [Link] dks lfEefyr djus rFkk cPpksa
}kjk Lo;a vius iz'u cukus ds volj iznku djus dk iz;Ru Hkh fd;k gSA vusd fp=ksa dks
lfEefyr djds] bl iqLrd ds :i dks vkd"kZd cuk;k x;k gSA iqLrd esa cPps ds efLr"d dks
lfØ; :i ls O;Lr j[kus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS rFkk ;g cPps dks vuko';d tfVy inksa vkSj
la[;kvksa ls tw>us ds LFkku ij vo/[Link] dks iz;ksx djus ,oa Lo;a viuh lajpukvksa dks
fodflr djus ds volj iznku djrh gSA

bl izdkj iwjh iqLrd [Link] ds [Link] fcUnq laf{kIr esa fuEukuqlkj gS a&

 iqLrd [Link] esa bl ckr dk /;ku j[kk x;k gS fd iqLrd ds ek/;e ls lHkh cPpksa dks
leku :Ik ls lh[kus dk volj izkIr gks rFkk lh[kus esa Hk; dk vuqHko u gks A lkFk gh
cgqr vPNk djus okys cPps ds fy, vrfjDr lkexzh dh miyC/krk ds volj fey lds A
 cPpksa ds vkarfjd lalk/kuksa ds fodkl gsrq fofHkUUk izdkj ds rjhdks dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS
lkFk gh cPps esa rkfdZd n`f"Vdks.k c<+kus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS A
 [Link] dh iqLrd ds fuekZ.k dk y{; cPpksa esa mPp mÌs’;ksa dks izkIr j[k x;k gS rkfd cPpska
dks Lo;a lh[kus ds volj miyC/k gks A
 [Link]; ladYiukvksa dks cPps ds vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k ls ifjfLFkr tU; [Link] dks
izkFkfedrk nh xbZ gS A cPps jV&jV dj ;kn u djs blds fy, xfrfof/k dk lgkjk fy;k
x;k gS A
 iqLrd ds fdlh Hkh izdj.k dk izkjEHk bl ckr ls fd;k x;k gS fd cPps dks D;k vkrk gS u
fd D;k ugh vkrk A
 iwjh iqLrd esa ^D;ksa^ dk iz;ksx T;knk fd;k x;k gS rkfd cPps [Link] dks crk lds A
 [Link] iqLrd ds [Link] es [Link] dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, vuko’;d fo"k; oLrq dks de
fd;k x;k gS A tSls O;kolkf;d [Link] dks d{kk 9 esa ’kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gS A
 LFkkuh; [Link] dk vf/kd iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS rkfd cPps xw<+ [Link]; ladyiuk
dks vius nSfud thou ls tksM+rs gq, le> lds rFkk O;kogkfjd thou dh fdlh
leL;k dks [Link]; :Ik esa ifjofrZr dj lds A
 vH;kl iz’uksa dks ckj&ckj ugha fn;k x;k gS A de iz’u fn;s x;s gS rkfd v/;kidksa ,oa
cPpska dks iz’u fuekZ.k dk volj feys A
 cPpksa ds ckgjh ftanxh dks d{kk dh ftanxh ls tksM+us dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS A
 ewY;kdu dk rjhdk jVs lokyks dks gy djus ds ctk; izfd;k vk/kkfjr gks ftlesa cPps }kjk
thou dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks fdl izdkj ls [Link]; :i esa izLrqr dj gy djrk gS] gksA
 -------------------------------------------------------
 -------------------------------------------------------
 -------------------------------------------------------
 -------------------------------------------------------
 -------------------------------------------------------
 -------------------------------------------------------
jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn dh d{kk IX dh
iqLrd esa jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;Zk dh :ijs[kk&2005 dk izfrfcac
¼,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- d{kk 9 dh iqLrd i`"B 01 ls 32½
d{kk IX dh [Link] dh iqLrd dks jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;Zk dh :ijs[kk&2005 ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj dh
xbZ gS A iqLrd ds izFke v/;k; ^la[;k i)fr^ dks jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;Zk dh :ijs[kk&2005 ds lanHkZ
esa ;gkW izLrqr fd;k x;k gS A
jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;Zk dh d{kk IX dh [Link] dh iqLrd
:ijs[kk&2005
1- mPprj mÌs';
ds  iqLrd esa fn, fcUnq iz;kl dhft,] lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj
varxZr [Link]; fparu dk fyf[k, bl mn~ns'; dks iwjk djrs gS vkSj bUgs ge iqLrd ds
fodkl djus] dYiukvksa dk ek/;e ls izkIr dj ldrs gSa A
muds rkfdZd fu"d"kksZ ds
 i`"B 1] iSjk 2 esa la[;k js[kk ij pyrh yM+dh ds [Link]
vk/kkj ij fl) djus rFkk
ls le>kus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS A
vewrZ ladYiukvksa ds
vuqiz;ksx (;k lkFk dk;Z  i`"B 2] iSjk 4 esa laxzfgr dh x;h la[;k dks lkspus gsrq isfjr
djus½ esa cPpksa ds vf/kxe fd;k x;k gSS A
L=ksr dk fodkl djuk A  i`"B 5] vafre iSjk esa fn;s x;s iz’u lkspus ,oa fu"d"kZ
fudkyus ds volj fn;s x;s gSa A
 i`"B 8] mnkgj.k 3 esa okLrfod la[;k dks la[;k js[kk ij
fu/kkZj.k ds volj fn;s x;s gSa A
 ----------------------------------
 ----------------------------------

2. cPps [Link] ls Hk;Hkhr  i`"B 2] la[;kvksa dks ,d dze ls FkSys esa Mkyrh gqbZ yM+dh
gksus dh ctk; mldk rFkk mlds ckjs esa Lo;a tkuus dk iz;kl A
vkuan mBk,a A
 i`"B 7 ij cuk fp=
 i`"B 18]19 ,oa 20 ij la[;k js[kk ds lkFk vko/kZu 'kh’ks ds
iz;ksx ls n’keyo ds dbZ LFkkuks rd okLrfod la[;kvksa dk
fu:i.k A
 lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj fyf[k, dh lHkh xfrfof/k;ka
 i`"B 15 ij √2, 𝜋 vkfn dk n’keyo izlkj
 ----------------------------------
 ----------------------------------

3. cPps dks vewrZ dk iz;ksx  i`"B 7 ij vifjes; la[;ksa dks ds :Ik esa tkuuk
laca/kks dks le>us]
lajpukvksa dks ns[k ikus  i`"B 4 mnkgj.k 1 la[;kvksa ds laca/k dks le>uk A
vkSj phtksa dk foospu  i`"B 6 iz’ukoyh 1-1 iz’u dzekd 4
djus] dFkuksa dh lR;rk ;k  i`"B 12 ,oa 15 ij lkar vkorhZ la[;k vkSj vuolkuh
vlR;rk dks ysdj rdZ dj vukorhZ la[;k ds ckjs esa tkuuk A
ldsa ds ;ksX; cukuk
 i`"B 25 ds vafre iSjk esa fn;s x;s laca/k A
 i`"B 26 dk mnkgj.k 17 esa esa gj dk ifjes;hdj.k vkfn

 ----------------------------------
 ----------------------------------
4. cPpksa ds Kku dks muds  v/;k; esa vko/kZu 'kh’ks ds lgk;rk ls la[;kvksa dk voyksdu
fnu izfr fnu ds Kku ls
 i`"B 21 iSjk 1-5 okLrfod la[;kvksa ij lafdz;k;s A
tksM+uk
 i`"B 2 ,oa 3 esa la[;kvksa dk laxzg
 ----------------------------------
 ----------------------------------
jk"Vªh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k ifj"kn dh iqLrd esa
jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;Zk dh :ijs[kk&2005 dk izfrfcac
d{kk VII dh [Link] dh iqLrd jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;Zk dh :ijs[kk&2005 ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj dh xbZ
gS A iqLrd ds dqN fcUnqvksa dks jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;Zk dh :ijs[kk&2005 ¼ NCF-2005½ ds lanHkZ esa
;gkW izLrqr fd;k x;k gS A
jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;Zk dh d{kk VII dh [Link] dh iqLrd
:ijs[kk&2005
1- mPprj mÌs';
ds 1. iqLrd esa fn, fcUnq iz;kl dhft,] lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj
varxZr [Link]; fparu dk fyf[k,
fodkl djus] dYiukvksa dk bl mn~ns'; dks iwjk djrs gS vkSj bUgs ge iqLrd ds ek/;e
muds rkfdZd fu"d"kksZ ds
ls izkIr dj ldrs gSa A
vk/kkj ij fl) djus rFkk
2. v/;k; 3 vk¡dM+ksa dk izca/ku %
vewrZ ladYiukvksa ds
 iSjk 3-6 ,oa 3-7 esa cgqyd ] ek/;d dh vo/[Link] dks
vuqiz;ksx (;k lkFk dk;Z
djus½ esa cPpksa ds vf/kxe
fnu izfr fnu ds [Link] ls le>kus dk iz;kl fd;k
L=ksr dk fodkl djuk A x;k gS A
 iSjk 3-8 esa nksgjs n.M vkys[k [khpuk dkQh Li"Vrk ds
lkFk le>k;k x;k gS A
 iSjk 3-9 esa la;ksx ,oa izkf;drk dks vkdM+ksa ds izca/ku }kjk
le>k x;k gS A

3. v/;k; 4 ¼ljy lehdj.k½ mi iSjk 4-4-1 esa lehdj.k dks


dSls gy djs crk;k x;k gS A
4. v/;k; 5 ¼js[kk vkSj dks.k½
 mi iSjk 5-2-5 esa m/okZ/kj lEeq[k dks.k dks okLrfod
thou ls tksM+dj crk;k x;k gS A
 iSjk 5-3 ges izfrPNsnh js[kk vkSj fr;Zd Nsnh js[kk dks
le>us esa lgk;rk iznku dj jgk gS A

5. v/;k; 6 ¼f=Hkqt vkSj mlds xq.k½ iSjk 6-4 f=Hkqt ds ckº;


dks.k vkSj mlds xq.k dks Li"V djrk gS A
6. v/;k; 7 ¼f=Hkqtksa dh lokZaxlerk ½
 iSjk 7-1 f=Hkqt dh lokZaxlerk D;k gS vkSj mlds xq.k dks
Li"V djrk gS A
 iSjk 7-6 f=Hkqt dh lokZaxlerk ds fy, izfrca/k dks [ksy
ds ek/;e ls crk;k x;k gS A
 iSjk 7-7 ledks.k f=Hkqt dh lokZxlerk dks Li"V fd;k
x;k gS A

7. v/;k; 8 ¼jkf'k;ksa dh rqyuk ½


 iSjk 8-3 izfr'krrk ds jgL; dks Li"V fd;k x;k gS A
 iSjk 8-5 ewY; vk/kkfjr oLrq ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsk gS A

8. v/;k; 10 ¼iz;ksfxd T;kfefr ½


 bl v/;k; dh lHkh jpukvksa esa ;g vo/[Link] fn[kkbZ nsrh
gS A

9. v/;k; 11 ¼ifjeki vkSj {ks=Qy½


 iSjk 11-2 esa oxZ vkSj vk;r dks fn[kk;k x;k gS A
 iSjk 11-5 esa fdlh o`Rr dh ifjf/k vkSj {ks=Qy ds ckjs esa
crk;k x;k gS A

10. v/;k; 12 ¼chth; O;atd½


 iSjk 12-8 esa chth; O;atd ds iz;ksax ds lw= vkSj fu;e
fn;k x;k gS A

11. v/;k; 14 ¼lefefr½ esa jSf[kd lfefefr] ?[Link].k lefefr


dks [Link] ds ek/;e ls le>kk;k x;k gS A
12. v/;k; 15 ¼Bksl vkdkjksa dk fp=.k½
 iSjk 15-2 esa ?ku ds Qyd] fdukjs vkSj 'kh"kZ ds ckjs es Lo;a
lh[kus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS A
 iSjk 15-3 esa f=foeh; vkd`fr;ka dks tky ¼usV½ ds ek/;e ls
crk;k x;k gS A
 iSjk 15-4 esa ,d likV i`"B ij Bkslksa dks [khpuk dks crk;k
x;k gS A
2. cPps [Link] ls Hk;Hkhr 1. v/;k; 1 ( iz'u dzekad 1 ¼rkieku ls lacaf/kr½] iz'u dzekad
gksus dh ctk; mldk 7 ¼tknwbZ oxZ½] iz'u dzekad 10 dk vH;kl 1-1 ¼fdrus
vkuan mBk,a A lhf<+;ksa uhps mrjdj canj ikuh ds Lrj rd igqWp dj ikuh
ih ysxk½
2. v/;k; 2 ( [ksy 1] ist 12 ¼[Link] ij vk/kkfjr [ksy) .
3. v/;k; 2 ( esa leL;k 3 ] vH;kl 2-1 ¼tknwbZ ox½
4. v/;k; 3 ( vH;kl 3-3 ¼vkdMksa dks xzkQ ds }kjk dSls
izLrqr djs½
5. v/;k; 6 ( iz;kl dhft, esa xfrfof/k;ka nh xbZ gSa
6. v/;k; 7 ( f=Hkqtksa dh lokZxlerk ds fy, izfrca/k dks [ksy
ds ek/;e ls crk;k x;k gSA
7. v/;k; 8 ( mi Hkkx 8-3 izfr'krrk vkSj bldk mi;ksx
8. v/;k; 10 ( lksfp,] ppkZ dhft, vkSj fyf[k, dh lHkh
xfrfof/k;ka
9. v/;k; 11 ( mi Hkkx 11-5-1 ¼o`Rr dh ifjf/k½ vkSj vkSj bUgs
dhft, dh lHkh xfrfof/k;kW A
10. v/;k; 15 ( Bksl vkd`fr;ksa dks dSls iznf;kZr djsa A
3. cPps dks vewrZ dk iz;ksx  v/;k; 1 ?kVkuk 1-3 ¼[Link] ds ;ksx ,oa O;dyu ds xq.k½1-
laca/kks dks le>us] 4 ¼[Link] dk [Link]½
lajpukvksa dks ns[k ikus
 v/;k; 2 Hkkx 2-3 ¼fHkUuksa ds [Link]½ 2-4 ¼fHkUuksa ds Hkkx½
vkSj phtksa dk foospu
djus] dFkuksa dh lR;rk ;k
 v/;k; 3 mi Hkkx 3-8 ,d Ldsy ¼;k ekin.M+½ dks pquuk
vlR;rk dks ysdj rdZ dj  v/;k; 5 mi Hkkx 5-2-4 esa ,d lCth dkVus okys iV vkSj
ldsa ds ;ksX; cukuk isu] LVSaM ds lkFk [Link] dk ,d jSf[kd ;qXe dks fn[kk;k
x;k gS A mi Hkkx 5-2-5 esa dSph ds ek/;e ls m/okZ/kj
lEeq[k dks.k dks n'kkZ;k x;k gS A miHkkx 5-3-1 esa ';keiV
LVSaM+ vkSj vxzsth [Link] Y ds ek/;e ls izfrPNsnh js[kk dk
mnkgj.k fn;k x;k gS A
 v/;k; 8 mi Hkkx 8-1 ¼jkf'k;ksa dh rqyuk½ mi Hkkx 8-3-4
izfr'kr dks lk/kkj.k fHkUu esa cnyuk
 v/;k; 9 Hkkx 9-9 ¼ifjesa; la[;kvksa esa lafdz;k,W½
 v/;k; 11 mi Hkkx 11-2-2 ¼vk;r ds Hkkx ds :i esa f=Hkqt½
 v/;k; 14 iwjk v/;k; A
4. cPpksa ds Kku dks muds 1. v/;k; 1 mnkgje.k 7 ¼isau dks cspus ij ykHk½ vH;kl 1-1
fnu izfr fnu ds Kku ls 2. v/;k; 2 Hkkx 2-6
tksM+uk
3. v/;k; 3 lekpkj i=] if=dkvksa vkfn ds ek/;e ls vkWdM+ksa
dk laxzgA
4. v/;k; 4 Hkkx 4-7 ¼O;ogkfjd fLFkfr;ksa esa lehdj.k ds
vuqiz;ksx½
5. v/;k; 5 mi Hkkx 5-2-3 ¼vklUu dks.k½ mi Hkkx 5-2-4
¼jSf[kd ;qXe½ mi Hkkx 5-2-5 ¼m/okZ/kj dks.k½ Hkkx 5-3 ¼js[kk
;qXe
6. v/;k; 7 Hkkx 7-1 ¼lokZxlerk ij vk/kkfjr xfrfof/k;kW½
7. v/;k; 8 Hkkx 8-1 ¼Hkwfedk½] Hkkx 8-3 ¼izfr'krrk½] Hkkx 8-5
¼fdlh oLrq ls lacaf/kr ewY;½] Hkkx 8-6 ¼lk/kkj.k C;kt½
8. v/;k; 11 Hkkx 11-2 ¼oxZ vkSj vk;r½] mi Hkkx 11-5-1 ¼o`Rr
dh ifjf/k½] Hkkx 11-7 ¼ o`Rr dh ifjf/k dk mi;ksx ½
9. v/;k; 14 ¼lefefr½ esa jSf[kd lfefefr] ?[Link].k lefefr dk
mi;ksx
10. v/;k; 15 mi Hkkx 15-5-2 ¼,d Nk;k [ksy½] Hkkx 15-5-3
¼fofHkUu n`'; dks ns[kuk½

[Link] ds izfr lekt ds lkFk vf/kdrj gekjs f'k{kdksa ,oa cPpksa esa ;g vo/[Link] fon~;eku gS fd
[Link] cksf>y] uhjl] lw[kk ds lkFk&lkFk dfBu fo"k; Hkh gS A tcfd ;fn [Link] dks ns[kas rks
blds vanj dkQh jkspdrk ds lkFk euksjatu Hkh gS A ;gk¡ vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd ge
blesa fon~;eku lqUnjrk ds ckjs esa tkusa rFkk d{kk f'k{k.k ds nkSjku budk mi;ksx dj [Link] dks
euksjatd] Hk;eqDr rFkk #[Link] cuk;ssa A cPpks ds Lrj] vuqlkj #fp dks tkurs gq, viuh le;
[Link] esa fofHkUu izdkj dh ifjppkZ] [ksy] igsfy;ksa] xfrfof/k;ksa ds lkFk LFkkuh; iz'uksa dks i;kZIr
LFkku nas rkfd cPPkksa esa fo"k; ds izfr Hk; [kRe gks rFkk mudh #fp fo"k; ds izfr c<+s A
ewY;kadu dks f'k{k.k vf/kxe izfdz;k dk vax cuk;s tks lrr vkSj O;kid gksA cPPkksa dks viuh
leL;k f'k{kd ds le{k izLrqr djus ds fy;s fLFkfr iSnk djsa A [Link] dks cPps ds nSfud thou
ls tksM+sa rFkk ikB~;lgxkeh fdz;kdykiksa dk [Link] f'k{k.k esa izHkkoh mi;ksx djsa A ;fn [Link] dk
f'k{k.k cPpksa ds nSfud thou ls tksM+dj djk;as rks ge ikrs gSa fd cPps fo"k;oLrq eas #fp ysrs gSa
rFkk oss O;ogkfjd ,oa LFkk;h [Link] lh[krs gSa A

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