Data Analysis
PART A: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Demographic question
Statistics
G A
N Valid 210 210
Missing 0 0
Mean 1.45 24.00
Median 1.00 24.00
Mode 1 24
Pie Chart Representation of Male and Female
Descriptive Analysis of Individual Question
Descriptive Statistics of Self-Management
Mea
N n Std. Deviation Variance
Missin
Valid g
12. I periodically self-evaluate my work
against set standards. 210 0 2.23 1.326 1.759
13. I train myself to be focused at work
and do not give in to criticism and
wasted talk. 210 0 2.32 1.29 1.663
14. Even when I feel like giving up, I
push myself to work and complete what
I have started. 210 0 2.19 1.363 1.858
15. When things go wrong, I stay
positive and think pleasant thoughts. 210 0 2.26 1.324 1.754
16. I am motivated when I have the
ability to complete the tasks
successfully. 210 0 2.46 1.394 1.943
17. In emergencies I usually react with
calmness and efficiency. 210 0 2.21 1.308 1.71
18. I am able to adjust with changing
work environment. 210 0 2.28 1.349 1.82
19. Obstacles and challenges can’t keep
me from achieving what I want in life. 210 0 2.22 1.381 1.907
Descriptive Statistics of Proactive Personality
N Std.
Missin Mean Deviatio Variance
Valid
g n
1. I always take initiative to start
anything with a positive mindset, 210 0 2.32 1.414 1.998
and a fresh frame of mind.
2. If I am unable to do a work-task
the first time, I keep trying until I 210 0 2.29 1.368 1.872
succeed.
3. I often like to have everything
planned out ahead of time and know 210 0 2.24 1.284 1.649
exactly what to expect in advance.
4. In uncertain times, I usually
expect the best and also give my 210 0 2.22 1.346 1.811
best.
5. I am constantly on the lookout for
210 0 2.26 1.353 1.831
new ways to improve my studies.
6. I enjoy facing and overcoming
210 0 2.24 1.316 1.733
obstacles to my ideas.
7. Nothing is more exciting than
210 0 2.72 1.431 2.048
seeing my ideas turn into reality.
8. If I believe in an idea, no obstacle 210 0 2.39 1.348 1.817
will prevent me from making it
happen.
9. If I see someone facing trouble in 210 0 2.36 1.373 1.886
their studies, I help them out in any
way I can.
10. I believe in dedication and 210 0 2.37 1.402 1.965
perseverance to achieve my goals
and vision.
11. I volunteer my services for 210 0 2.35 1.348 1.816
college growth without any internal
motive.
PART B: RELIABILITY TEST
Reliability analysis of Self-management
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha Based
on
Cronbach's Standardized
Alpha Items N of Items
.789 .789 9
The above table tells us that the Cronbach’s alpha is .789. It shows that the scale for Self-
management is reliable.
Reliability analysis of Proactive personality
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha Based
on
Cronbach's Standardized
Alpha Items N of Items
.742 .742 11
The above table tells us that the Cronbach’s alpha is .742. It shows that the scale for Proactive
personality is reliable.
PART C: HYPOTHESIS TESTING
H1: Correlation between the proactive personality and self-management of students.
H0: There is correlation between the proactive personality and self-management of students.
Ha: There is no correlation between the proactive personality and self-management of students.
Normality Test
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Proactive_Personali .066 210 .028 .976 210 .001
ty
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
The result can be interpreted as the variables were not normally distributed, as assessed by
Shapiro-Wilk’s test (p < .05). Hence, the researchers chooses to run non-parametric test
Spearman correlation.
Nonparametric Correlations
Correlations
Self_ Proactive_
Management Personality
Spearman's rho Self_Management Correlation 1.000 .618**
Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
N 210 210
Proactive_Personalit Correlation .618** 1.000
y Coefficient
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
N 210 210
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Spearman correlation of Self-management and proactive personality .618, here the sign is
positive which means there is a positive correlation between Self-management and proactive
personality.
r > .01, which means that strength of association between Self-management and proactive
personality is strong.
Regression
Model Summaryb
Adjusted R Std. Error of Durbin-
Model R R Square Square the Estimate Watson
a
1 .707 .500 .497 5.247 2.011
a. Predictors: (Constant), Self_Management
b. Dependent Variable: Proactive_Personality
There was independence of residual as assessed by Durbin Watson as
2.011. The value is suitable for Regression test.
Residuals were normally distributed as assessed by visual inspection of a normal probability plot.
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Self-management accounted for 50.0 % of the variation in Proactive personality with adjusted R
Square 49.7 % a medium size effect according to Cohen (1988).
ANOVAa
Sum of
Model Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 5716.980 1 5716.980 207.690 .000b
Residual 5725.503 208 27.526
Total 11442.483 209
a. Dependent Variable: Proactive_Personality
b. Predictors: (Constant), Self_Management
The significance level is 0.000 which is less than 0.05. Hence, Null hypothesis is rejected. The
null hypothesis: Self-Management doesn’t increase the proactive personality level of employees
is rejected. Therefore, we can confirm that increases the proactive personality level of
employees.
