Chapter 4

[Link]/_7mq5qw에서 온라인으로 학습하기

1. 1) The element present in all organic molecules is C 6. 6) Miller's classic experiment demonstrated that a B
________. discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could
result in the formation of a large variety of organic
A) hydrogen compounds. Miller did not use ________ as one of the
B) oxygen gases in his experiment.
C) carbon
D) nitrogen A) methane
B) oxygen
2. 2) The complexity and variety of organic molecules is A
C) water
due to ________.
D) ammonia
A) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms 7. 7) Which of the following is true of carbon? D
B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules
C) the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen A) It forms only polar molecules.
D) their interaction with water B) It can form a maximum of three covalent bonds with
other elements.
3. 3) The experimental approach taken in current D
C) It is highly electronegative.
biological investigations presumes that ________.
D) It can form both polar and nonpolar bonds.
A) simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the 8. 8) The kind and number of bonds an atom can form B
laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex depends on ________.
organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can
be synthesized only by living organisms A) its atomic number
B) a life force ultimately controls the activities of living B) its electron configuration
organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by C) its atomic mass
physical or chemical methods D) the number of particles in its nucleus
C) living organisms are composed of the same elements
9. 9) Why is carbon so important in biology? D
present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace
elements found only in living organisms or their
A) It is a common element on Earth.
products
B) It has very little electronegativity, making it a good
D) living organisms can be understood in terms of the
electron donor.
same physical and chemical laws that can be used to
C) It bonds to only a few other elements.
explain all natural phenomena
D) It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host
4. 4) Differences among organisms are caused by B functional groups.
differences in the ________.
10. 10) How many electrons does one atom of carbon C
share to complete its valence shell?
A) elemental composition from organism to organism
B) types and relative amounts of organic molecules
A) 2
synthesized by each organism
B) 3
C) sizes of the organic molecules in each organism
C) 4
D) types of inorganic compounds present in each
D) 8
organism
11. 11) A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency D
5. 5) Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the B
is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.
hypothesis that ________.
A) donates its 2 electrons to another atom
A) life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules
B) shares its 2 electrons and bonds with another atom
B) organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically
C) has 4 electrons in its first shell and 2 in the second
under conditions that may have existed on early Earth
shell
C) life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules,
D) has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the
with energy from lightning and volcanoes
second shell
D) the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the
origin of life
12. 12) In an ethane (C2H6) molecule, each carbon atom is B 18. 18) What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent B
bonded to ________ hydrogen atoms. bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration
or a planar configuration?
A) two
B) three A) the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen
C) four atoms
D) six B) the presence or absence of double bonds between
the carbon atom and other atoms
13. 13) A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of C
C) the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon
bond(s) with other atoms?
and other atoms
D) the solvent in which the organic molecule is
A) ionic
dissolved
B) hydrogen
C) covalent 19. 19) Which of the following carbon molecules does not B
D) ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds have the bond angle of 109.5°?
14. 14) Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? B
A) CH4
B) C2H4
A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent
C) C2H6
carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
D) C3H8
B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent
carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 20. 20) Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the B
C) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a
diversity. hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon
D) They are less dense than water. atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.
15. 15) Which of the following statements correctly A
A) be more flexible in structure
describes cis-trans isomers?
B) be more constrained in structure
A) They have variations in arrangement around a
C) be more polar
double bond.
D) have more hydrogen atoms
B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them
mirror images. 21. 21) Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five D
C) They have the same chemical properties. carbon atoms cannot ________.
D) They have different molecular formulas.
A) have a branching carbon skeleton
16. 16) Each bond in carbon dioxide represents ________. B
B) have different combinations of double bonds
O
between carbon atoms
C
C) have different positions of double bonds between
O
carbon atoms
D) form enantiomers
A) one resonating electron
B) a pair of shared electrons 22. 22) Some carbon skeletons have different numbers and A
C) two pairs of shared electrons locations of double bonds to ________.
D) a pair of protons
A) add molecular complexity and diversity that
17. 17) Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to B
characterize living matter
relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two
B) be more flexible that makes the molecule stronger
enantiomers; that is, molecules that ________.
C) stay in its liquid state
D) increase its solubility in water
A) have identical chemical formulas but differ in the
branching of their carbon skeletons 23. 23) Use the following figure to answer the question. B
B) are mirror images of each other The two molecules shown in the figures are best
C) differ in the location of their double bonds described as ________.
D) differ in the arrangement of atoms around their
double bonds A) enantiomers
B) structural isomers
C) cis-trans isomers
D) chain length isomers
24. 24) Use the following figure to answer the question. C 29. 29) Use the figure to answer the question. B
The figure shows the structures of glucose and
fructose. These two molecules differ in the ________. Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure) are examples of
pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or
A) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms molecules that ________.
B) types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
C) arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen A) have identical three-dimensional shapes
atoms B) are mirror images of one another
D) number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by C) are mirror images of one another and have the same
double covalent bonds biological activity
D) are cis-trans isomers
25. 25) Use the following figure to answer the question. D
The figure shows the structures of glucose and 30. 30) Which of the following molecules is polar? A
fructose. These two molecules are ________.
C3H7OH C2H5COOH
A) isotopes
B) enantiomers A) C3H7OH and C2H5COOH are both polar molecules.
C) cis-trans isomers B) Neither C2H5COOH or C3H7OH is polar.
D) structural isomers C) C2H5COOH is polar, but C3H7OH is not polar.
D) C2H5COOH is not polar, but C3H7OH is polar.
26. 26) Use the following figure to answer the question. D
The two molecules shown in the figure are best 31. 31) Which of the functional groups is not reactive but B
described as ________. serves as a recognizable tag on the DNA molecule and
alter the expression of genes in the cells.
A) enantiomers
B) radioactive isotopes A) amino
C) structural isomers B) methyl
D) cis-trans isomers C) carboxyl
D) hydroxyl
27. 27) Which of the following illustrations is not a C
structural isomer of an organic compound with the 32. 32) A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its B
molecular formula C6H14? For clarity, only the carbon predominant functional group. Therefore, this
skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be compound ________.
attached to the carbons have been omitted.
A) lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or
A) lipid
B) B) should dissolve in water
C) C) should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent
D) D) will not form hydrogen bonds with water
28. 28) Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown C 33. 33) Which two functional groups are always found in B
depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same amino acids?
molecule?
A) carbonyl and amino groups
A) B) carboxyl and amino groups
B) C) amino and sulfhydryl groups
C) D) hydroxyl and carboxyl groups
D)
34. 34) Amino acids are acids because they always possess C
________ as the functional group?

A) amino
B) carbonyl
C) carboxyl
D) phosphate
35. 35) Testosterone and estradiol are male and female C 40. 40) Use the figures to answer the question. B
sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In
what way(s) do these molecules differ from each Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that
other? Testosterone and estradiol ________. can dissociate and release H+ into a solution?

A) are structural isomers but have the same molecular A) A

formula B) B
B) are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular C) C
formula D) D
C) have different functional groups attached to the
41. 41) Use the figures to answer the question. C
same carbon skeleton
Which molecule(s) shown is (are) ionized in a cell?
D) are enantiomers of the same organic molecule
36. 36) Use the figure to answer the question. D A) A
B) B and D
What is the name of the functional group shown in the C) C and D
figure? D) D
42. 42) Use the figures to answer the question. A
A) carbonyl
Which molecules shown contain a carbonyl group?
B) ketone
C) aldehyde
A) A and B
D) carboxyl
B) B and C
37. 37) Use the figures to answer the question. C C) B, C, and D
D) C and D
Which functional group shown can pick up protons and
43. 43) Use the figures to answer the question. A
raise the pH of the surrounding solution?
Which molecule has at least one carbon atom attached
to three different chemical groups?
A) A
B) B
A) A
C) C
B) B
D) D
C) D
38. 38) Use the figures to answer the question. D D) A and B
44. 44) Use the figures to answer the question. A
Which of the functional groups shown helps stabilize
Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group
proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or
in the form of an aldehyde?
between protein molecules?
A) A
A) A
B) B
B) B
C) C
C) C
D) D
D) D
45. 45) Use the figures to answer the question. C
39. 39) Use the figures to answer the question. A
Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

Which of the functional groups shown is present in

A) A
ethanol but not in ethane?
B) B
C) C
A) A
D) D
B) B
C) C
D) D
46. 46) Use the figures to answer the question. C 52. 52) Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP? A
Which molecule shown can increase the concentration
of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an A) adenosine
organic acid? B) cytosine
C) guanine
A) A D) uracil
B) B
C) C
D) D
47. 47) Use the figures to answer the question. B
Which molecule can be a result of mercaptoethanol
reduction of a disulfide bridge?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
48. 48) Use the figures to answer the question. B
Which molecule shown is a thiol?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
49. 49) Use the figures to answer the question. D
Which molecule shown above contains a functional
group that is a part of the molecule known as the
"energy currency of living organisms"?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
50. 50) Use the figures to answer the question. D
Which molecule shown above can contribute negative
charge when positioned in a chain?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
51. 51) Which of the following statements is true? D

A) ADP contains more energy than ATP.

B) Following hydrolysis, ATP can give off one
phosphate, whereas ADP cannot.
C) ADP can have two positive charges.
D) ATP can have four negative charges.