EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
What is EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ?
Peter Salovey and John Mayer originally used the term “Emotional Intelligence" and
psychologically defined emotional intelligence as:
“The ability to perceive emotion, integrate emotion to facilitate thought, understand emotions,
and to regulate emotionsto promote personal growth.” (Mayer & Salovey, 1997)
People who possess a high degree of emotional intelligence know themselves very well
and are also able to sense the emotions of others. They are affable, resilient, and
optimistic.
EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT
In 1987 Keith Beasley used the term Emotional quotient
Emotional intelligence (EI) or Emotional Quotient (EQ) is a type of social intelligence
that involves the ability to manage and monitor one’s own as well as other’s emotions, to
discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and actions.
History of Emotional Intelligence
In 1985, a man by the name of Wayne Leon Payne, a graduate student wrote a doctoral
dissertation that happened to include the term “emotional intelligence.”
In 1990, John Mayer and Peter Salovey did groundbreaking research on emotional
intelligence, pointing to the importance of knowing yourself as well as understanding
others.
Daniel Goleman’s book, “Emotional Intelligence” was published in 1995. Goleman’s
work in emotional intelligence has outlined five main areas of this intelligence. They are
self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills.
Salovey and Mayer’s Model of Emotional Intelligence Ability Model
The ability of individuals to understand their own emotions as well as the emotions of others and
to use emotions to think effectively
The ability to perceive emotions in oneself and others, as
well as in objects, art, music, stories. This might involve
understanding non-verbal signals like body language and
facial expressions.
The ability to generate, use and feel emotion as necessary
to communicate feelings or employ them in other
cognitive processes (paying attention, reaction).
The emotions that we perceive carry a variety of
meanings. The ability to understand this emotional information (how the emotions
combine and progress through relationship transition)
The ability to be open to feelings and to modulate them in oneself and others. Managing
emotions to promote personal understanding and growth.
Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Model
A cross-section of interrelated emotional and social competencies, skills and facilitators that
impact intelligent behavior .”
Daniel Goleman’s Model of Emotional Intelligence Performance Model
Daniel Goleman’s Model of Emotional Intelligence Performance Model
IMPORTANCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Coping with Stress – to cope effectively with stressful situations, which is termed as
Resilience
Resilience – people with high level of EI are less likely to be negatively impacted by
presence of stressors (Schneider, Lyons & Khazon, 2013)
Physical Health
Psychological Health
IMPORTANCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
1. Interpersonal Relationships
2. Motivation
3. Decision Making
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Emotional intelligence plays an important role in our daily life and workplaces. Without
emotional intelligence, we can categorized as imperfect individuals. Emotional intelligence has
various practical applications but here are some applications.
EI in Workplace
People express themselves openly and respectfully without fear of offending coworkers.
Resilience is evident when new initiatives are introduced.
Flexibility is present.
Employees spend time together outside of work.
Freedom of creativity is celebrated and consistent
EI in Leadership
A leader could be the most intelligent person in the room, but without a high EI score,
this leader may fail to motivate employees. The presence of positive mood in leaders at work
creates more effective and broader thought processes in certain types of decision-making abilities
Leaders are generally responsible for the following:
development of a collective sense of goals, and a strategic plan for achieving them
instilling in others knowledge and appreciation of the importance of work activities and
behaviors
encouraging flexibility in decision making and embracing change
establishing and maintaining a more profound, meaningful identity for the organization
EI in Education
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a skill that is worked on over a lifetime and never fully develops,
but grows stronger in different ways. Teachers can foster their own EI along with their students.
Self-Awareness and Emotion Management
Empathy
Communication Skills
Cooperation
Conflict Resolution
EI in Movies
Inside Out
Room
In the Pursuit of Happyness
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE and HAPPINESS (2019)
The present study aimed at understanding the relationship between emotional intelligence
and happiness.
In this study, individuals from the Army, Teaching and Creative field were studied. To
get better understanding a sample of college students was also included.
This study found a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and happiness.
The study has implications in terms of understanding the positive relationship between
emotional intelligence and happiness.
It has also led to an increased understanding of the important role of one’s profession in
one’s emotional intelligence and happiness.
Emotional Intelligence and Psychological well-being among Hearing impaired (2018)
This study explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological
well-being among hearing impaired students.
Emotional Intelligence consists of five dimensions; intrapersonal, interpersonal,
adaptability, stress management and general mood.
A total of 130 hearing impaired students were chosen as participants.
Results
The association between overall emotional intelligence and psychological well-being was
found to be significant.
This indicates that the higher the level of emotional intelligence among hearing impaired
students, the better the individual psychological well-being.
Results also showed that psychological well-being had a significant association with
intra-personal and interpersonal dimensions as well as with all other dimensions.
Scales of Emotional Intelligence
Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (Bar-On 1997)
Bar on started his research in 1998 with a systematic review of variables (abilities, competencies,
skills) which he believed to be responsible for success. He defined the concept of EI as
An array of personal, emotional, and social competencies and skills that influenced ones ability
to succeed in coping up with environmental demands and pressures.
The general idea is that the large part of success seems to be determined by non IQ factors and
that emotional intelligence can be seen as a meta ability comprising an important set of factors
(motivation, impulse control, mood regulation, empathy) which determine how well we use other
abilities such as emotional intelligence.
Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) (1998)
It is a method of measuring general emotional intelligence (EI) using four sub scales -
emotions , perceptions, utilizing emotions, managing self relevant emotions, and
managing others emotions.
The SSEIT is structured of the EI model by Salovey and Mayer (1990) The SSEIT model
is closely associated with the EQ model of emotional intelligence
It’s a 33-item self-report measure with likert scale from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly
disagree).
?How to Build or Improve your Emotional Intelligence
Some TIPS to improve your EI
Working on Emotions Stress Management
Name the emotion The most helpful stress reduction method is
Identify the cause by consciously using our senses and staying
Challenge the emotion close to nature
Identify the behavior
Self-Awareness Self-Regulation
What are your three strengths How would you By journaling, you will stay in contact with
like them to improve? What measures you your emotions and build your EI
would select?
