INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD 17639 First editor 2008.00.01 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds Essais destructfs des soudures sur matériaux métaliques — Examens macroscopique et microscopiqus des assemblages SCUGES Reference number 180 176392005) 2180 2008,ISO 17639:2003(E) POF disclaimer “Ths POF file may contain embedded typefaces. ln accordance with Adobe's foensing policy, this Fle may be printed ot viewed but ‘shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded ars icensed to are insalled on the compute” performing be eating. In ‘downloading tis ie, caries accest therein the respensety of net eanging Addte's licencing poley. The ISO Central Secretariat ‘25zerfs nobly inthis area Acdcbe is trademark of Adobe Syslems incorporated Details ofthe software products used to create this POF fle cen be found in the Generel Info relative to the fle; the PDF-creation [parameters were opimaed for pintng, Every care hes been taken to ensure tnt the Tle is sutabe for use by ISO membar bodies. In the ulkely event hale problem relating toi 's Found, lease nto the Central Secretarial at te aces Given below © 1802008 Al rghls reserved. Unless otherwise soecifid, no pet of his pubiication may be reproduced or utiized fn any form or by any mean, lostanie oe mechan eal inelusing photecoayng and mveroll. wthout permissien Fy wilting from other ISO st te sddress bolow oF 18's member body nthe country of he requester. 180 copyright afice (Case postale 53 « CH-121 1 Geneva 20, Tol #4122 709077 Fax +41 227490947 Exell copyishi@[Link] Web warn isn.019 Published in Switzerland ii 180 2009 — All ights reservedAnnex A (informative) Example of a test report ISO 17639:200%(E) Normative references ‘Terms and definitions. Abbreviations Principle . Purpose of the test wm. Romoval of test specimen: Test procedure Designation. Test repor 10.2003 — Al cights reserve iiISO 17639:2003(E) Foreword 1SO (the Intemational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies: (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Intemational Standards ‘s normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested! in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internatonal organizations, governmental and nor-governmertel, in liaison with ISO, also teke part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drefted in accordance with the rules glven in the ISCMEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical commitees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Intemational Standards adopted by the technical committees are citculated to the member bodies for voting Publication as an International Starderd requires approval by at leest 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibilty that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent ights. ISO shall not be held resporssible for identifying any or al such gatent rights, [8017639 was prepared by Technical Comrrittes ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subsomrrittes SC6, Testing ard inspection of net0s. Requests for official Interpretation of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Seoretanat of ISOITC 44/9G 5 via the memioer body In the user's country, a complete listing of wnich can be found at www.is0.07g. v 180 2009 — All ights reservedINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17639:2003(E) Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds 1 Scope ‘This International Standard gives recommendations for specimen preparation, test pracedures and their main odjectNes for macroscopic and microscopic examination 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For cated Telerences, only the ecition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documert (including any amendments) applies 1S0 6520-1, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metalic materials — Part 1: Fusion wekiing 1S0.9996-3, Specification and approval of welding proseaures for metallic matenals — Part 3° Welding procedure tests for arc wekding of steels 180 9956.4, Specification and approval of welling proosdwes fer metallic materials — Pat 4 Welding procedure lasts for the arc welding of aluminium and iis alloys ISOITR 19508, Welaing — Guidelines tor a metalic materia's grouping system ISO/TR 16060, Destructive tests on nefds in metalic materials — Eichants for macroscopic and microscopic examination 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms are! definitions apply 34 macroscopic examination examination of a test specimen by the naked eye, or under low magnification (generally less than « 50), with oF without etching 3.2 microscopic examination examination of a test specimen by microscope with a magrification of generally = 50 to = 600, with or wthout etching 3.3 operator person who performs the macroscopic andior microscopic examination 10.2003 — Al cights reserve 1ISO 17639:2003(E) 4 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the fallawirg abbreviations apply A. Macroscape examination | Microscopie examination E Eiched U Unetched ‘Abbreviations for parent metals shall be in accordance with the grouping systerrs in ISO 9956-3 for steels and 180 9956-4 for aluminium and its alloys Grouping systems for other materials ate given in ISO/TR 15608, ‘The same grouping systems shall a'so be used for weld metal The abbreviations for etchants should be taken from ISO/TR 16060 whenever applicable, NOTE A trade mark can be used if ISO/TR 16060 is not applicable, 8 Principle Macroscopic and microscopic examination is used to reveal the macroscopic or microscopic features of a welded joint, usualy by the examination of transverse sections, This is done by visual and/or optical examination of the prepared surface, before or after etching, 6 Purpose of the test The purpose of macroscopic and microscopic examinetions is to assess the structure (including grain structure, morphology and orientation, precipitates snd inclusions) independentiy anc/or in relaton to various: cracks and cavities. Sections can aiso provide a record of sample shape in the planes of the section, Table 1 gives guidance on the assessment of features which can be detected by mactoscopic and microscapic examination, 7 Removal of test specimens ‘Test specimens are generally oriented perpendicular to the weld axis (transverse section), including the weld deposit and heel affected zones on both sides of the weld. Homever, test specimens may also apply 10 cther ortentations. The location, orientation and number of test pieces should be spesitied pnor to testing, for exampie by relerence to an application standard. 2 180 2009 — All ights reservedISO 17639:200%(E) Table 1 — Guidelines for assessment of features by microscopic and macroscopic examination Defect in Macro Macro ‘Micro Micro Features accordance with] examination | examination | examination | examination 180 66201 [without etenina| with etening | without etching | with otet 1 Hoteraoks 700 x [2 Cold cracks 100) 3 _Lemeler tearing 100 x [Cavities 200 x [5 Incusions 300 x 6 Lackef 400 x fusion/penetration 7__ Geometrical shape 500 x [5 Heat affected zone = = [Runs end layers = = 10. Gran boundary = = 11 Gran structure = = 12. Soldtication structure = = [13 Joint preparation = 0) 14 Direction of = = rolingfextrusion 18 Direction offre = = structure (graine) 16 Segregation = = 17 Precipitation = = 48 Repair and non = 0) conformance 49 Mechanicaltherral = i effects means features revealed (%) means features ray or may not be revealed NOTE Arumber ofthe features Isted may be bayond the resoluton ofan optics microscope, @9. precptstes and inclusions. 130 2003 — All rights reserved 3ISO 17639:2003(E) 8 Test procedure 8.1 General ‘Tre following information shall be aWven: — parent metals and welding consumables, ‘object of the test; — composition’name of the etchant; surface finish (eee 8.3); — etching methods (see 8.4), — etching time; additional measures (see 6 6); — any additional requirements 8.2 Test specimen preparation ‘The test specimen shall be prepated for examination by cutting, mounting, gnncing and/or polishing and/or etching as approprate (see ISOITR 16060). The surface to be examined shall not be adversely influenced by these processes 8.3 Surface finish ‘The requirement for surface finish depends on aspects such as {ype of examiretion (macroscopic or mioroscopio) — type of materia documentation (such as photographs) NOTE Details ofthe grinding and polishing media and methods of grinding and polishing are given in ISO/TR 18060. 8.4 Etching methods ‘The method of etching shall be specified prior o etching The most common methods are — etching by immersing the test specimen in the etchart; ‘etching by swabbing the surface of the test specimen; — electrolyic etching. (Other methods may be used but should be specified, e.g. by reference to an application standard, When etching is completed, the test specimen should be washed and cried. 4 180 2009 — All ights reservedISO 17639:200%(E) 8.5 Etchants Typical etchants for variaus parent metels, weld deposits, purposes and types of examination are given in ISOITR 16060, Depending on the information required, the type and concentration of the etchant as well as the etching temperatute and time may be varied according to the meterial and type of examination, For similar joints, different etohants may be used. 86 Safety measures ‘The following safety measures shall be observed: — wear eve or face protection, as appropriate; handle etchants with suitable gloves or tongs; mixtures shall be made in @ fume cupboard or under a fume hood, — _ always pour acid into water and not vice versa; always pour solute into solvent; ie. the smaller quantity (solute) into the larger quantity (solvent) 9 Exar tion The prepared surface may be examined before andlor after etching, as appropriate, or in accordance with the relevant stendards andior specifications 10 Designation ‘The examination shall be designated as follows: — reference to this Intemational Standard; type of examination (macroscopic or microscopic examination); — unetched or etchect ‘obect of the test (weld metal and/or parert metal); — welded joints (parent metal lef, parent metal right and weld metal, — etchant (number of the table in ISO‘TR 16060) “The designation may be given in full or a shortened version: this is shown in examples 1 and 2. NOTE The object of he tast should be exprassed between hyphens, (0 150 2003 — Al rights reserve 5ISO 17639:2003(E) EXAMPLE4 — Fullvetsion ‘A microscopic examination withthe following conditions: Etched Object of the test 4 — Porentmetal eft 54 gn: 92 — Consumatie: 4 — etchant YY EXAMPLE 1a) Objeet ofthe test Weld metal only Examination - 180 17639 -1-E-43-8.4/9.2143 Ixy were 180 1769 = 1elerence to this iteratonal Standard 1 — meroscopie exarrination; E = etched, 43 = object ofthe test 54 ~ stool wth Gr man. 9%, No max 7.2 % 92 austenitic stainless ste! 43 = Weld metal NiFe/OrlMo wih imax, 40 %: " = etchant NOTE xy stande for table number in the relavant ante of ISO/TR 18060. 6 180 2009 — All ights reservedISO 17639:200%(E) EXAMPLE 1b) Objector the test Weld metal and parent metal ef Examination -1S0 17639-1-£ -43,84-84/9.2/43 137 where 1S017630 reference to this Intemational Standard 1 ~ microscopic examination E =etcheek 43,54 =objectofthe test 5a = steel wn Cr max. 8%, Mo max. 1.2% 02 austenitic stainless steet 4“ = weld metal: NiFelGrMo with Ni max, 40 %: ¥ = etchant EXAMPLE 1o) Objector the tect Wild metal and parent matale lft and right Examination -ISO 17639 -1-E -43,54,92-54/9.2143/ 4 where 18017632 = reference to this Intemational Standard 1 = microscope examination, E = etched 49,5402 object of the test 54 = steel with Gr men. 8 %, Mo max. 1.2%: 92 = austeniic stainless steot 48 = weld matal: NUFOICHIMO wth Ni max 40 %; y = etchant (0 150 2003 — Al rights reserve 7ISO 17639:2003(E) EXAMPLE2 Shortened version ‘A macroscople exemination with the following conditions — etched, — Object ofthe test 222; Parentmetal eft 222 fight! 222 — Weld metal 22 = Etehant 4 NOTE Object ofthe test (22.2) mears weld metal and parent rota lett ang night. Examination - 180 17639 - AE - 22.2- 22.21 xy where 180 17632 reterence to this Imecnatoral Standard A = macroscopic examination; E = etched: 22 = object ofthe test 22 = parent and vid metals: aluminiumemagnesium alloys wth « Mg content of 4% to 5.6% x” = etchant. 11 Test report ‘The test report should contain ot lesst the following: @)__tefetence to this international Standard, |. ISO 17639; b) designation of the examination; ©) location and orientation of the test specimen ard the examined surface; ) Welding Procedure Appraval Record (WPAR) or, if this is rot available, then at least the type of parent metal and consumables ani, when used, the post-weld heat treatment and/or etching, 2) type of etchant and etching meshed f) if necessary. description of the examined surface; @) tf requlted, shotocraphe andlor sketches, eee of magniicaton An example of 2 typical test report is gven in Annex A, 8 180 2009 — All ights reservedAnnex A (informative) Example of a test report ‘Test report in accordance with ISO 17639 WPAR: No. (6) Manufacturer Purpose of exsminaticn: Test piece Test specimen: Parent metal Consumale Post-weld heat treatment and or ageing treatment: Macroscopic etchant (2) Microscopic etchant (2) ISO 17639:200%(E) (g) anc (1 Ka) and) Figure: No, Location (c) Magnificaton (g) Magnification (g) [Surface description (f) [Surface description (f) |Operator Authorized personvoony (Name, date, signature) (Name, cate, signature] 1) Letters in parentheses refer to Clause 11 of this Intemational Standard, 10.2003 — Al rights reservedISO 17639:2003(E) ICS 25.160.40 Pree bases on 9 pages © 150 2003 — All ights reserved