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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
601 views66 pagesJis Z 3060-1994
Uploaded by
Nguyễn TuânCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
JIS % 3060 : 1994
Method for ultrasonic examination
' for welds of ferritic steel
‘Gane This Japanese Industrial Standard specifies the method’ for =,
Gh ecting a discontinuity and for measuring its location and sizes on full
(erration welds of ferrite series steel with thickness of 6 um or more, in
He case of manual ultrasonic examination (hereafter referred to as~"examina~
Sfoot) wsing pulse echo technique by ultrasonic test instrument (hereafter, ;
Biepred to as “instrument™) with A scope display.
flovever, this Standard is not applied to.the examination of joint,welds;
steel pipeb.uader production process. : nea
jtenarks 1. Annexs 1 to 6 are applied for the following cases? \..7
(1) Annex 1 4s applied to the examination. of welds of which
the test surface is a plane, circumferential joint weld
of which curvature radius of the test sufface is 1000
mm or more and longitudinal joint welds of which. ) DAC start point can arbitrarily adjusted to a position in thé#
range from at least 0 mm to 15 mm of path length converted into,
“os. transverse wave in steel. 8
##°(6)! DAC inclination value can be adjusted in the range from 0.048 ‘£9
0.48 dB/mm (transverse wave) at least.
(a)° Gain of the instrument has the continuity in DAC range and befo1
and after that range.
Also, the amplitude characteristics at the left side from
start point are the same as the state when DAC circuit is not u:
Bs * performance check of the instrument The instrument is checked on
eas of (1) to (3) shown'in 4.1.2.in accordance with 5 (periodical
apf JIS 2 2352 at the time of beginning the use and within every 12
Eni it is confirmed that the. specified performance is maintained.
her. 7
rest Erequency is within 90% to 110 % of the nominal. frequency.
§ probe is conformed to the instrument to be used.
“ty order to facilitate the measurement of the probe index, the guide
scales with 1 mm intervals are caved to the both sides of the angle
Both manufacturer's name and manufacturing number (discrimination
number) axe also marked on the housing of probe.
he nominal transducer size of the angle probe is given in Table 1, as
‘a rule. However, the nominal transducer size of the angle probe to be
used for tandem examination is excepted.
{ghe:transducer shape,of the normal probe ie circular and its nominal
Giidmeter is given im Table 2.
able 1. Relation between nomitial frequency and nomial
transducer size of angle probe
Nominal frequency (MHz)) Nominal transducer ‘size-"(mm)
2 [40% 10,24 x 145 20x 20.
» 5 = [10 x 10, 14 x 14
Table 2. Relation between nominal frequency “and nominal
transducer ‘size of ‘normal probe : :
Nominal frequency (Miz) | Nominal transducer diameter (mm)
2 «20, 28
5 10, 20
12 Required performance characteristics of aigle probe’ The performance
characteristics of angle probe are required as follows: :
probe) is within the value given in Table 3. However, the minimum
distance between probe indexes of the probes to ‘be used for tandem
examination is 20 mm or less in the’ condition where the nominal
frequency is 5 MHz and nominal-refraction:angle is 45°, and is 27 mm or
less in the condition where refraction angle is 70°, and is 25 mm or
less in the case-where the nominal frequency is 2 MHz and refraction
angle is 45°.
—155—
—~Z:3060— =2:3060—
Table 3.. Approachable limit. 1éngth
‘ : YU
Nominal transducer | Nominal refractién'| Approachable limit
size (mm) angle (degree) length (mm)
20 x 20 35 25
45 225
60 30
65 30
70 30
Lex 4 35 15
45 15
60 20
65 20
70 20
10 x 10 “35 15
45 as
60 18 :
65 18 A
70 18 i
(2) “the'Value’of the nominal refraction angle'is any one of 35°,
65°, 70°. The difference between the nominal ‘refraction angle ‘a
refraction angle is in the range of + 2° under normal temperature: (1
to 30°C). However; it is within 0° to #4° in the case of the nonina
refraction angle of 35°.
70° is.used in. the case of plate thickness of 20 mm or more to and’§
excluding. 40 mm, and the nominal ‘refraction angle of 45° is used.inip .
case of plate thickness of 40 mm or more. The difference between 3
nominal refraction angle and STB. refraction angle of each transaitt:
receiving probe and receiving probe is within 2°.
ep)
méit ‘to be actudlly used ard isthe valué given ii Table 4 or nore.t
a
Table 4. Al ahd A2 senSitivity of angle probe
Nominal refraction] Al sensitivity | A2 sensitivity
_. angle (degree) (a3) (aa) E
a has 40 _ 40
45 40 40
60. 40-0 20
. 65 40. E 20 2: :
e 70 40 . coo 3060—
e {Silex wurface resolution is measured by the method specified in 4:8.«' <
t eS: (gegolution of angle bean testing) of JIS 2°2352 under -the condition
meee the probe is combired ‘to-the instrument to be actually.used and
Go4e9 mm'or less ‘inthe case of the noninal frequen¢y.of 2 Miz ‘and is 5
{] [elon or less in the ase of the noainel frequency of 5 Mis.
Ean pead zone is measured by the nethod specified in:13.4 (Dead zone)
UGp 18 2 2350 under the condition where the probe is combined to the
b4sstrument to be actually used and is the value given in Table ‘Sor
=
The dead zone of probes to be used for tandem examination.is-° "5
excepted.
Table 5. Dead zone of angle probe
Nominal frequency | Nominal transducer| Dead zone
(Miiz) size (am) + (am)
2 10 x 10 25
14 x 14 25
20 x 20 15
5 10 x 10 1
14 x14 15
ejSeviation of beam central axis is measured by the method specified in--
213.1 (Deviation and squint angle of beam central axis), and the results
#6 taken in 1° step, squint angle“‘is not more than 2°. +
5 Required performance characteristics of normal probe the perfor-
Lice characteristics of the normal probe is required as follows: ote
Ue heights of noisé or unhecéssary echoes are not more than 10% fs
ligilihder the condition where the probe is’ combined with the "instrunesit’ €6
HQ). ¥ar surface resolution is measured by the method specified in 4.4 (Far
@
, surface resolution) of JIS 2 2352 under the condition where the piobe
4g combined with the instrument to be actually used and is the value
i. fiven 4 ‘in'Table 6, .
Table 6. ° Far suiface resolution’ of normal probe
Nominal frequency (Mliz)| Resolution (mm)
2 9 or less
5 . 6 or. less
—Bi- i
2 -3060—
(8) Dead zone is defined by the length between the setting -off pointes?
the transnitting pulse or surface echo and the cross point of. itsg
by..the distance in steel. The value of dead zone is not more. thay
in the case of the‘nominal frequency of 5 Mz.and is not more thay
mm in the case of 2 Miz. However, it is excepted in the condition
where the path length to be used is not less:than 50 mm: c
4.2.4 Performance check of angle probe The probe to be used is checks
the itens of 4.2.2 immediately after purchased and in the period specifilis
in Table 7, and,it is confirmed that the specified performance has been]
maintained.
Table 7, Time of performance check of angle probe
Items to be checked | Time of performance check
Squint angle Start time of work and every
within eight working. hours
Al sensitivity Immediately after purchased
42 sensitivity and repaired.
Approachable limit length
Far surface resolution
Dead, zone
q
4.2.5 Performance check of normal probe The probe to,be used is chéckeg
immediately after purchase and once for a month at least, on the items
in 4.3.2, It is confixmed that the specified performance has been, main:
tained.
4.3 Calibration blocks and reference blocks
4.3.1 Calibration blocks The calibration blocks (STB) to be used in’
Standard.are model Al and A2 series or A3 series calibration blocks whi,
are specified in JIS Z 2345.
4.3.2 Reference blocks The reference blocks (RB) are used for se
adjustient if necessary.
2) RBS
(a) RB-4 is made froma part of the test object or steel. materials.
having the acoustic characteristics equal to the test object,
the form and size given by Fig. 1 and Table 8.
(b) The condition of test surface is equal to that of the test
(c) he standard hole is created in parallel with the’ test surface
other than that specified in Fig. 1.
(2) Other reference blocks
(a) RB-AS is specified in Annex 2.
58 2 Fig, 1, RBG
where, 1: length of reference block. “Thé length of reference
block is decided by the path lengti’ to be used.
T : thickness of reference block (refer to Table 8)
: diameter of standard holé (refer to Table 8)
1: position of standard hole (refer to Table 8)
Table 8. Sizes of RB-4
fe ,| Thickness of the Thickness’ | Position ‘of Digmeter of
i | test. object. f of,RB 7 || standard hole 1”) statidard hole
|] 25, or less aor s()| 9 1/2
22.| Over 25 to 50 incl.. 38 or,/ * Ts | .
a Over 50 to 100,incl. | 75 or? +) Tr /4
i
‘Over 100 to 150 incl: | 125’or ¢ rls
Over 150 to 200 incl. | 175 or F rls
-,200 to 250 incl. | 225 or + rhs
' rth
(®) Tm the case where’ thickness of ‘thé tést object is’ ver 250° tia,
the diameter of the standard hole of reference block is
increased by 1.6 mm for every increase of 50 mm or its fraction
in thickness. —Z-3060—
Table 9. Couplant and roughness of test surface
Roughness of test | 30 um or | Over 30 ym to| 80 um ord!
Nominal urface (Ren) | | less and excl. more(*)
frequency (MHz) 80 wn
5 A B B
2 A A B
Note (*) Roughness of the test surface is finished to under
80 um or the sensitivity is corrected by the methods
specified.
Remarks A: Couplant is not spécified especially.
B:
nentioned above.
4.5. Jig of tandem examination” The jig of tandem probe technique can
squire scanning or square scanning.
5. Preparation of the examination
pl, Selection of the examination method Unless specially specified, the
‘examination of weld is performed by using single probe angle beam techniques
with ultrasonic beam perpendicular to the direction of the weld liane, ‘and
of parallel scanning by a slanted probe, the method of longitudinal’ sda
of weld surface or the method of straddle scanning is applied to thé place
the place’ specially specified as that where the other techniques are nok
suitable than single probe angie beam technique for detecting a dis¢éit]
or RBr4 is previously designated for adjusting sensitivity of, the exami
tiob. fe
However, RB~4 is designated in the’ case where the test object bas «
460 2.3060
selection of reference blocks for normal beam technique According to
paxinun path Length to be used, any one out of No.3 to No.7 of RB~4 is
ted as given in Table 10.
Sireple 10, Criterion for selection of reference blocks for adjusting
sensitivity of the examination and making curves for
dividing echo height
Max. path length to be used (mm) | Reference blocks to be applied
4350 0r less : No.3(4) of .RB-
‘Over 50 to 100 incl. No.3(") or 4 of RB-4
Qver,100.to 150 incl. +. No.4 oF 5, of RB-4
MOver-150 to 200 incl. No.5 or 6 of RB4,. 5
Hsjover 200 to 250 incl. No.6 or.7 of RB=4
Over 250 X | No.7 of RBG
E, in the case of normal beam technique, the frequency 1s selected in .
@rdance with Table 12, as a rule. However, the frequency “lower than :the.
Jalue;specified in Table 12 may be used for the examination of the, test
abject with remarkable ultrasonic attenuation.
© for examination of the test object having, a acdustical anisotropy with,.
¢ thickness of parents material 75 m or-less, 2 Miz is not used.
Table 11, Nominal frequency used for angle beam technique
Plate thickriess ‘of Nominal frequency
parents material ¢ (nm) (mtiz)
75 or less Sor2
Over 75 2
Ee *3060—
Table 12.
5.5 Selection of disregard level
the disregard level is selected from either one of 1 disregard level or
disregard level.
of ultrasonic wave atid the like.
Nominal frequency used for nérmal beam technique
Max. path length | Nominal frequency *
to be used (mm)
40 or less
over 40
5.7. Finishing of sutface of weld. The weld reinforcement ia adequatél:
finished Gn case Where Its form affects the results of the ‘examinatio
5.8 Piniwhing of test” surface
5.9 The examination-of parents materials
They are ‘removed if existed. '
(tiiiz.)
5
5 or 2
The parents materials of ‘thé /
performed, are previously examined by normal bean technique as required
And a discontinuity which may obstruct the examination is recorded if 4
detéctéd. » In this case, the working sensitivity of the examination {i
adjusted ‘to dbtain’80'% fs height of the second back wall echo of the’ Ulty
sonically sound area.
used are 5 MHz and 20.m in the case of plate thickness of 60 mm or lesé’
aré‘2"Miiz dnd 28 mm iu the case of plate thickness of over 60 mm.
5.10 Verification of acoustical anisotropy
208 Sh
5.10.1 Apparatus for measurement of acoustical anisotropy. The appatatiiggay
for measuring acoustical anisotropy is specified aa follows:
tionvangie by the test object and diffarrnce of refraction ances. OY
Scaming directions ere in accordance with 4.2 and 4.3 as appropriat
(2) Two angle probes for transmitting and receiving, which are used to
angles by scanning directions, are the same model as angle probe to
actually used for the examination and difference of STB refraction.
angle between these probes is within 2°.
(3) ‘The apparatus used for measuring the ratio of transverse wave veldcity,
with the precision ‘of not less than three effective figures. _TransVérwgs
wave electromagnetic acoustic probe is used for transverse wave
normal probe.
462- —Z3060—
qhe vibrating direction of transverse wave is marked to the transverse
; wave normal probe.
275) The couplant for transverse wave is used when’ trangverse weve nomal
3) Trobe is used.
450.2 Specimen to be uséd’ Either die 6f the followings is used for
wring the acoustical anisotropy.
i apest object. > — a é
3, Presumption of acoustical anisotropy,..In the case where the
nation is specified to perform using.the. angle probe, of -70° or, 65° in
egal refraction angle, and existence, of, acoustical anisotropy, of, the
Grento waterials is.uncertain,.the presusptioa of acoustical. anisotropy 1s
iiformed for the parents materials of the-part to. which, the angle probe is
spractes- : . :
y
as Sone difference of refraction angle. by, scanning directions, specified in
“4510.4 is measured by using the,probe to be used for the examination
{and the probe with the same nominal refraction angle as that. It is
(2) When the.multiple back wail-echoes are observed witle ,Fotating: the”
Sigh. transverse wave normal probe on the test surface. If the back wali
es ier echoes by the transverse wave of the, vibration in L direction, (major
@izection of rolling) and the transverse wave of thé vibration in C
2G) adirection (direction perpendicular to L direction) separate, between BL
"qvto BS, it is presumed that acoustical; anisotropy exists.
In the case where acoustical anisotropy exists in the parents materials,
mistical anisotropy is verified. in accordance with 5.10.4, 5.10.5 and
“$.by using the, angle probeiof 60°. In nosinal refraction angle.
FED” the verification, of; acoustical antaosropy way be made, directly by
ogitting the presumption procedure mentioned above.
BL
"10.4 “Measurement of difference of refraction.angles by scanning. directions
pose the probe to be used forthe examination and the sane. nodel probe of
in nominal refraction angle,: the :positions:f.the probes-are adjusted to
HE
2 : » ead
The difference between the measurement values of @ atid’ @ is’ taken as
he difference of refraction angle by scanning direction.
V"\ Geastrement values Gc (m/s)-and Gi (m/s) of ‘transverse ‘wave: if
iA so Welbeaties obtained in L and C directions is éalculated down &¢
two deciiial places. “It is taken as the ratio of transverse way
velocity. | 3
(b) Case by ultrasonte thickness meter the ratio uf: of the meabilg
ose ttatatsehchss geez values i (ma) and { (aa) of thicknesses of test object 7
specinen obtained in L and C directions is calculated down toi
Gecimal places. It 4s taken as the ratio of transverse wave
velocity. : ae
Gaseby the instrument This: case is applied to the conditionyy
yherevthe difference of thickaesses of test-object'6r_ spec inet
tine bbase'of the display measured in Land C directions can ba
obtained at not more than 1. Biyhe alt
tthe path length Between transmittiig pulse andthe: first
vwall "echo" is’ obtained when’ the vibrating’ directions ‘of “probe
set in:Lvand C'directions:', The measured values are takenas
Wy and Wee , respectively. The ratio Wc is calculated down t
two decimal places. It is taken as the ratio of transverse. wil
.. Velocit
5.10.6 Verification of acoustical anisotropy “The acoustical anisotropy Mt
verified on the basis of the value measured by either method specified:
5.10.4 or 5.10.5 and it is judged that the test object has acoustical
anisotropy in the case where the measurement values conform to the follo
GQ) or (2). ey
=A64— =24:3060—
‘ihe case where difference of refraction angle by scanning. directidis 48
Jeger 2°, in its neasurement by using an angle probe ‘of 60° in’noninal
i eiecaction angle. ee
a
Maugie beom examination
‘Angle beam examination
‘reMessurement of probe index The probe index is measured by using Al
iigrction block or Oe out of model A3 series calibration blocks. The
index is measured in unit of 1 mm.
Mo Adjustment of time base range The time base range is not smaller
Sir ifisath Tength to be used and is the minimum of the tange required.
EMajustment is performed in precision of + 1 % by using Al calibration
kor one OUt Of model A3 series calibration blocks. However, the path
in corresponding to 0.5 skip or-more is added to the’ rangé ‘adjusted by
ethod mentioned above and is minimum to the range required, in the case
‘the test object has acoustical anisotropy.
Measurement of STB refraction angle and refraction angle by test
spleasurementof STB refraction angle STB refraction angle is measured
Tm unit of 0.5° byrusing Al calibration block or one out of’ model A3
series calibration blocks.
‘dourenent of refraction angle by test object ‘The refraction atgle
the specimen of 5.10.2 is measured by V path method, shown in Fig. 2,
SHE the case where thé test object hae acoustical antedtropy ‘and '"!
‘fraction angle of 65° .or-60° is applied.
Making curves for dividing echo height
(the curves for dividing echo height are prepare by using the probé to
“The actually used for the examination, as a rule, and they aré dram in
I
thé scale’ plate. .
ithe scale’ pi 4
SS dividing echo height are’ made by using one out of model A2 series
calibration blocks. The'standard hole of RB-4 is uséd in‘the-case {>
siwhere the curves for dividing echo height are made by using the
‘Jaeference block of. RB=4. e ss
“ACS 2 3060—
(3) ¢The probes, are placed at the positions as showin Fig. 3, the. probe
position is adjusted’so as to obtain the echo'with. the maximum height @e
“maximum echo") and the positions (points)
each peak of the maximum echo are plotted in the scale plate and are
It ds taken as the curve for dividing
(hereafter referred to as
connected by straight-lines.
echo height (refer to Fig. 4).
Pig. 3. The positions of probe for.making the curves.
Fig. 4,
(a). 5Z10-* 10A70, time base range:
125 mm by STB A2
for dividing echo height
5 - ‘Probe
is KR
tm L L
ty Ww
gs fs
‘Examples for drawing curves for dividing echo height
10
2030 4050
a)
as that of 0.5 skip point.
within 1 skip distance is the same height as that of 1 skip point in”
the case of using an angle probe of 45° and of transducer size of 20°
20 ma.
=166—
However, the echo-height-in the: renge 23060
Spabl-s In the Case of using RB-4, the echo height in. the range of ‘within.’
P41 skip distance is the“same height as-that of ¢ skip point.» ‘However,
} Fae echo height in the range of within skip distance is the same
height as that of {skip point™in the case of using the reference block
| of RB-4 of No. 1. - ; ee
|) Not less than three curves for dividing echo height different. by 6 4B
4n height from the curve drawn by one out of the methods mentioned
above are prepared. 7 -
Determination of region for dividing echo height _
) petersination of Hine, M Line and'L line snong the curves for
Gividing echo heights made by the methods mentioned in, the preceding
ilause, a curve being at least the third or higher position from lowest
‘g,. curve is selected to take it as H line. And it is taken as the
%.. reference line for adjusting working sensitivity. This Hline, is,of ; 4
over 40 X £5 in the range of path length to be used for evaluating the.
discontinuity echo as a rule. ores :
The curve for dividing echo height iower than Hi line, by 6 di-is
taken as M Line and the curve lower than H line by 12 dB i takei-as L
(Refer to Fig. 5). -
Sy sine.
3 . Fig. 5. The examples of selection of H line and
regional division of echo height
jrAn example in which the third (b) An example in which the highest
dividing line from the lowest dividing line is taken as.H line
is taken as H line in the case im the case wheré. the. tine, base
(8) where the time base range is range is 125 mm and, path iéngth
125 nm and path length used used for evaluation is about. 75
“Gp cfor evaluation is 85 mm. m to 115 ma. ;
<5(4) Probe used: 5210 x 1OA70 Probe used: 5210 x 10A70 3060—
(2) Designation ‘of regional division of echo height . The regions divide)
‘ “cby-H line, M line end L line are designated as given in Table 13.°
’ Table 13. . Designation of regional, division of echo height
Range of echo height | Region of echo height
ST line oF tess z
Over Eline to Wine incl. | | H
Over N ling to H line incl, i
2 5 Over B line’ > Ww
6.1,6°Adjustment of working sensitivity The working sensitivity is
adjusted in accordance with the following. £
(1) Case of using nodel A2 series calibration blocks In the case of (aia
“aominal refraction angle of 60°-or 70°, the gain of ‘the instrument iff
“adjusted so that the echo ‘height of the standard héle' of $4 x 4 iia
agrees with H line. The quantity of sensitivity correction is addé
4t_as required. ‘The final adjustment condition is taken as working’
sensitivity.
In the case of using nominal refraction of 45°, the gain of ti
‘"tnetrument is increased by 6 dB after it is adjusted co that the eéi
‘height of the standard hole of #4 x 4 mm agrees with H line. The
"quantity of sensitivity correction is added to it as required. /Thé@
)*final adjustment condition is taken as working seisitivity.
4m accordance with Annexs.
(2) Gase of using reference block of RB-4 | Gain of the instrument,
adjusted so that the echo height of the standard hole agrees wit
line and it is taken as the working senaitivity. }
(3) The working sensitivity of each method of parallel scanning of a |
slanted, longitudinal scanning of weld surface or straddle scanning
determined by ‘the agreement of both parties of manufacturer and,‘
purchaser. : _ 4
6.1.7. Period of adjustment and check of test equipment At the tine‘
beginning-the examination work, probe index, STB refraction angle and
refraction-angle by the test object are measured, and the tine base rail
and working sensitivity are adjusted.
These items are checked in every within 4 h during working period%t
confirm that the conditions at that time are maintained.
6.2 Normal beam examination
6.2.1 Adjustment of time base range The time base range is not a
than the path length to be used, and is the minimun of the range rn
in precision of +1 % fs of the time base axis of the display. iMaking curves for dividing echo heights ;
en ae
Vjthe curves for dividing echo heights are nade by the probe to be pse
Ue zetually for the examination, as a rule, and they ‘are draw in the
“scale plate. .
es In-the case where the path length is 50 mm or less, or, the nominal,
transducer. size of the probe to be used is-10.mm and the path-length is
"20 mm or less, the curves for dividing echo heights are unnecessary.
“fy tn the case of making the curves for dividing echo heights, the probe
4 Yg placed at the positions’ oft, 32, 2 “as’ shiowa in Fig. 6, and each
“position of peak”of the méximum echo is plotted on the scale plate.
Sig. 6. Probe positions for’ drawing curves, for dividing echo height
st Probe
Standard hole
RE-4
0G)" Hie points plotted on the scale plate by the procedure (2) are
|Bepsonnected with straight Lines as. shown in'Figs. 7 (a) and.(b)y.to take
Ee it as a curve for dividing echo height. iz
Gee &
{(b, Wot lees than three curves for dividing echio heights different by 6 45
(Gi da height from this curve are dram on the scale plate.
Examples of drawing curves for dividing echo height:
Used probe?. 5220N .
