Project : SURAU TAHFIZ

JBSB
Calcs by Date
Part of WATER RETAINING TANK FOR ABULUTION thean 26/12/17
structure Checked Revision
Revision Ir. Naspi

WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES TO BS 8007 AND BS 8110

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1) DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR WATER TANK :

4260

1500 1575

150 4185 150

TOW

900

h/3
200

Material and loading data :

Chac strength of concrete, fcu = 25 N/mm²

Chac strength of steel, fy = 460 N/mm²
Nominal cover, c = 40 mm
Maximum design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Weight of water, w = 10 KN/m³

Water pressure, p = w x hw
= 9.0 KN/m²

Horizontal force, F = ½ x p x hw
= 4.1 KN/m
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

2) DESIGN OF WALL :
BS 8110
A) At the ultimate limit state : cl. [Link]

i) Max Bending Moment, M = F x [(hw/3 + Tb/2)] x gf gf = 1.4

= 1.89 KNm/m
k = M/fcu.b.d² b(mm) = 1000
= 0.008 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. h(mm) = 150
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.25 - k/0.9)} bar = 10
= 0.99 > 0.95d d(mm) = 95
z = 90.3 mm
Area of steel req. Ast = M/[Link].z PROVIDE
= 52 mm²/m T 10 @ 150
Minimum reinforcement required, ( 524 )
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13% x b x h steel ok
= 195 mm²/m
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35% x b x (h/2)
= 263 mm²/m each face

ii) Shear :
BS 8110
Maximum shear force, Vu = 5.7 KN/m Jad. 3.9
Shear stress, v = Vu/b.d
= 0.06 N/mm²
100As/bd = 0.551
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.74 N/mm²
Ult. Shear stress, = 0.8√fcu
= 4.00 N/mm² shear ok

B) At the serviceability limit state :

i) Direct tension in immature concrete

BS 8007
Steel ratio, p = As/b.h cl. 3.2.2
= 0.0070 App. A
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 23 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.11 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

ii) Flexure tension in mature concrete

At service load condition, Ms = 1.35 KNm/m

Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 11 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 18
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0055
αe.p = 0.0982
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.356
therefore, x = 33.8 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 83.7 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 30.8 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 1.0 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 150
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 11.3 N/mm² cover
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00015 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 75
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 55
= 0.00070 cmin = 40
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= -0.00055
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 88 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= -0.08 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

C) Check deflection :

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 7

2 As reqd 1
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb BS 8110
cl. [Link]
= 31 N/mm² Table 3.10
M/bd² = 0.21
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 3.90 >2
Allowable span/eff depth = 14.0 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 10.5 mm deflection ok

D) Horizontal Steel :

Design for moisture and temperature effects.

No contraction joints provided, crack widths are controlled by the
reinforcement. Minimum steel required is Pcrit = 0.0035 PROVIDE
T 10 @ 200
Min area of steel req. Asmin = 0.35% x b x h/2 ( 393 )
= 263 mm²/m each face steel ok

Direct tension in immature concrete,

Steel reio, p = 2As/bh
= 0.0052 Table A.1
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 23 ºC cl. 3.2.2(a)
T2 = 15 ºC App. A
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm

Design surface ccrack width,

α
w = Smax x T1 + T2
2

fct Φ 1
= x x α T1 + T2
fb 2p 2

= 0.15 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

3) DESIGN OF BASE SLAB ;

A) Loadings :

Self wt of slab, = 4.8 KN/m²

Weight due to water, = 9.0 KN/m²
Finishes = 0.75 KN/m²
Dead load, gk = 14.6 KN/m²

Imposed load qk = 0.75 KN/m²

Design load, w = 1.4gk + 1.6qk

= 21.6 KN/m²

B) Bending Reinforcement : (At the ultimate limit state)

Max bending moment, M = [Link]²/8

= 53.5 KNm/m
k = M/fcu.b.d² b(mm) = 1000
= 0.093 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. h(mm) = 200
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.25 - k/0.9)} bar = 16
= 0.88 < 0.95d d(mm) = 152
z = 134.3 mm
Area of steel req. Ast = M/[Link].z PROVIDE
= 996 mm²/m T 16 @ 125
Minimum reinforcement required, ( 1608 )
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13% x b x h steel ok
= 260 mm²/m
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35% x b x (h/2)
= 350 mm²/m each face

C) At the serviceability limit state :

i) Direct tension in immature concrete

BS 8007
Steel ratio, p = As/b.h cl. 3.2.2
= 0.0080 App. A
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 23 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.15 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

ii) Flexure tension in mature concrete

At service load condition, Ms = 38.2 KNm/m

Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 11 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 18
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0080
αe.p = 0.1433
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.411
therefore, x = 62.5 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 131.2 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 181.1 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 9.3 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 125
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 11.3 N/mm² cover
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00139 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 62.5
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 48
= 0.00022 cmin = 40
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= 0.00117
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 71 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= 0.17 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

D) Check deflection :

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 20

2 As reqd 1 BS 8110
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb cl. [Link]
Table 3.10
= 190 N/mm²
M/bd² = 2.32
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 1.29 <2
Allowable span/eff depth = 25.9 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 10.4 mm deflection ok

E) Transverse Steel :

Design for moisture and temperature effects.

No contraction joints provided, crack widths are controlled by the
reinforcement. Minimum steel required is Pcrit = 0.0035 PROVIDE
T 10 @ 200
Min area of steel req. Asmin = 0.35% x b x h/2 ( 393 )
= 350 mm²/m each face steel ok

Direct tension in immature concrete,

Steel reio, p = 2As/bh
= 0.0039 Table A.1
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 23 ºC cl. 3.2.2(a)
T2 = 15 ºC App. A
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm

Design surface ccrack width,

α
w = Smax x T1 + T2
2

fct Φ 1
= x x α T1 + T2
fb 2p 2

= 0.19 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

150
U-bar

T 10 @ 150

T 10 @ 200
900
Approved cementitious
waterproofing system
T 10 @ 150
T 16 @ 125

200

T 16 @ 125
T 10 @ 200

Short span Lx

SECTIONAL DETAIL
Project : PRIMA KAJANG
TNB BLOCK
JBSB
Calcs by Date
Part of SPRINKLER BREAK TANK AT FACILITY LEVEL 8 thean 03/01/18
structure Checked Revision
Revision Ir. Naspi

WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES TO BS 8007 AND BS 8110

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1) R.C. TANK :
Tank dimension, B = 6.6 m L = 7.8 m
Volume required, Vr = 160 m³
Volume provided, Vp = 129 m³ 0.3 Vol insufficient !

TOW

3.2
2.5

25.0

Typical Section

Material and loading data ;

Chac strength of concrete, fcu = 35 N/mm²

Chac strength of steel fy = 460 N/mm²
Weight of water gw = 10 KN/mm³
Nominal cover c = 40 mm
Maximum crack width w = 0.2 mm

Water pressure, p = gw x hw
= 25.0 KN/m²

Page 13
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

2) SIDE WALL :

At the ultimate limit state ; BS 8110

cl. [Link]
i) Max bending moment, = refer to analysis report attached
= 89.6 KNm/m
k = M/fcu.b.d² b(mm) = 1000
= 0.046 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. h(mm) = 300
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.25 - k/0.9)} bar = 16
= 0.95 < 0.95d d(mm) = 236
z = 223.3 mm
Area of steel req. Ast = M/[Link].z PROVIDE
= 1003 mm²/m T 16 @ 150
Minimum reinforcement required, ( 1340 )
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13% x b x h steel ok
= 390 mm²/m
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35% x b x (h/2)
= 525 mm²/m each face

ii) Shear check :

Max shear force, V = refer to analysis report attached BS 8110

= 101.5 KN Jad. 3.9
Shear stress, v = V/b.d
= 0.43 N/mm²
100As/bd = 0.568
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.67 N/mm²
Ult. Shear stress, = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok

At the serviceability limit state :

iii) Direct tension in immature concrete

BS 8007
Steel ratio, p = As/b.h cl. 3.2.2
= 0.0089 App. A
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Page 14
Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

Page 15
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

iv) Flexure tension in mature concrete

At service load condition, Ms = 64.00 KNm/m

Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0057
αe.p = 0.0855
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.337
therefore, x = 79.5 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 209.5 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 227.9 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 7.7 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 150
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm² cover
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00161 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 75
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 60
= 0.00039 cmin = 40
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= 0.00122
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 88 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= 0.22 mm > 0.2 mm

Page 16
 crack width UNSATISFATORY, increase thickness or reinforcement

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

v) Check deflection :

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 20

2 As reqd 1
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb BS 8110
cl. [Link]
= 229 N/mm² Table 3.10
M/bd² = 1.61
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 1.37 <2
Allowable span/eff depth = 27.4 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 13.6 mm deflection ok

D) Horizontal Steel :

Design for moisture and temperature effects.

No contraction joints provided, crack widths are controlled by the
reinforcement. Minimum steel required is Pcrit = 0.0035 PROVIDE
T 16 @ 200
Min area of steel req. Asmin = 0.35% x b x h/2 ( 1005 )
= 525 mm²/m each face steel ok

Direct tension in immature concrete,

Steel reio, p = 2As/bh
= 0.0067 Table A.1
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC cl. 3.2.2(a)
T2 = 15 ºC App. A
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm

Design surface ccrack width,

α
w = Smax x T1 + T2
2

fct Φ 1
= x x α T1 + T2
fb 2p 2

= 0.19 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

Page 17
Page 18
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

3) WALL DETAILS :

300

T 16 @ 200

T 16 @ 150

T 16 @ 150
Approved waterproofing
membrane system to MFR's Approved 225 wide PVC
detail and specification to be waterstop
provided internally all round
200 mm kicker

SECTIONAL DETAIL OF WALL

Page 19
Page 20
Project : PRIMA KAJANG
TNB BLOCK
JBSB
Calcs by Date
Part of RC TANK AT PODIUM LEVEL 1 thean 30/11/17
structure Checked Revision
Revision Ir. Naspi

WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES TO BS 8007 AND BS 8110

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1) R.C. WATER TANK :

LEVEL 3 C

0.3 m h2 3.200 m
TOW 0.3 m

LEVEL 2 18 B

allowed
hw 5.000 m
0.3 m h1 3.200 m
0.3 m

LEVEL 1 50 A

TYPICAL SECTION

2) Material and loading data ;

Chac strength of concrete, fcu = 35 N/mm²

Chac strength of steel, fy = 460 N/mm²
Density of water, gw = 10 KN/m³
Nominal cover, c = 40 mm
Maximum crack width, w = 0.2 mm

Water pressure, p = gw x hw
= 50.0 KN/m²
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

3) WALL DESIGN (At the ultimate limit state)

3.1) BENDING REINFORCEMENT :

BS 8110
a) Max moment at support, Ms = 45.6 KNm/m cl. [Link]
k = M/fcu.b.d²
= 0.023 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. b(mm) = 1000
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.25 - k/0.9)} h(mm) = 300
= 0.97 > 0.95d bar = 16
z = 224.2 mm d(mm) = 236
Area of steel req. Ast = M/[Link].z
= 508 mm²/m PROVIDE
Minimum reinforcement required, T 16 @ 150
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13% x b x h ( 1340 )
= 390 mm²/m steel ok
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35% x b x (h/2)
= 525 mm²/m each face

b) Max moment at span (A-B), M = 51.5 KNm/m

k = M/fcu.b.d² b(mm) = 1000
= 0.026 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. h(mm) = 300
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.25 - k/0.9)} bar = 16
= 0.97 > 0.95d d(mm) = 236
z = 224.2 mm
Area of steel req. Ast = M/[Link].z PROVIDE
= 574 mm²/m T 16 @ 150
Minimum reinforcement required, ( 1340 )
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13% x b x h steel ok
= 390 mm²/m
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35% x b x (h/2)
= 525 mm²/m each face

c) Max moment at span (B-C), M = 4.4 KNm/m

k = M/fcu.b.d² b(mm) = 1000
= 0.002 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. h(mm) = 300
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.25 - k/0.9)} bar = 16
= 1.00 > 0.95d d(mm) = 236
z = 224.2 mm
Area of steel req. Ast = M/[Link].z PROVIDE
= 49 mm²/m T 16 @ 150
Minimum reinforcement required, ( 1340 )
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13% x b x h steel ok
= 390 mm²/m
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35% x b x (h/2)
= 525 mm²/m each face
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

3.2) CHECK SHEAR : BS 8110

Jad. 3.9
a) Wall 1 (A-B)

Max shear force, V = 93 KN b(mm) = 1000

Shear stress, v = V/b.d d(mm) = 236
= 0.39 N/mm²
100As/bd = 0.568
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.67 N/mm²
Ult. Shear stress, = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok

b) Wall 2 (B-C)

Max shear force, V = 47 KN b(mm) = 1000

Shear stress, v = V/b.d d(mm) = 236
= 0.20 N/mm²
100As/bd = 0.568
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.67 N/mm²
Ult. Shear stress, = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok

3.3) CHECK DEFLECTION :

a) Wall 1 (A-B)

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 26

2 As reqd 1 BS 8110
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb cl. [Link]
= 131.3 N/mm² Table 3.10
M/bd² = 0.92
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 2.13 >2
Allowable span/eff depth = 52.0 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 13.6 mm deflection ok

a) Wall 2 (B-C)

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 26

2 As reqd 1
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb
= 11.2 N/mm²
M/bd² = 0.08
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 4.51 >2
Allowable span/eff depth = 52.0 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 13.6 mm deflection ok
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

4) Flexure tension in mature concrete (serviceability limit state)

4.1) Wall 1
At service load condition, Ms = 36.8 KNm/m
Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8007
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 3.2.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0057
αe.p = 0.0855
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.337
therefore, x = 79.5 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 209.5 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 131.0 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 4.4 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 150
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm² cover
fcb = fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00092 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 75
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 64
= 0.00039 cmin = 40
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= 0.00054
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 91 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= 0.10 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

4.2) Wall 2
At service load condition, Ms = 3.1 KNm/m
Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8007
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 3.2.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0057
αe.p = 0.0855
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.337
therefore, x = 79.5 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 209.5 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 11.2 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 0.4 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 150
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm² cover
fcb = fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00008 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 75
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 64
= 0.00039 cmin = 40
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= -0.00031
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 91 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= -0.06 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

5) Direct tension in immature concrete :

At the serviceability limit state :

5.1) Wall 1

Steel ratio, p = As/b.h BS 8007

= 0.0089 cl. 3.2.2
fct/fb = 0.67 App. A
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

5.2) Wall 2

Steel ratio, p = As/b.h

= 0.0089
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

6) TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT :

Design for moisture and temperature effects.

No contraction joints provided, crack widths are controlled by the
reinforcement. Minimum steel required is, Pcrit = 0.0035

6.1) Wall 1

Min area of steel req. Asmin = 0.35% x b x h/2 PROVIDE

= 525 mm²/m each face T 16 @ 150
( 1340 )
Direct tension in immature concrete, steel ok
Steel reio, p = 2As/bh
= 0.0089
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.20E-05 /ºC BS 8007
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC App. A
T2 = 15 ºC Table A.1
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm

Design surface ccrack width,

α
w = Smax x T1 + T2
2

fct Φ 1
= x x α T1 + T2
fb 2p 2

= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

6.2) Wall 2

Min area of steel req. Asmin = 0.35% x b x h/2 PROVIDE

= 525 mm²/m each face T 16 @ 150
( 1340 )
Direct tension in immature concrete, steel ok
Steel reio, p = 2As/bh
= 0.0089
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Design surface ccrack width,

α
w = Smax x T1 + T2
2

fct Φ 1
= x x α T1 + T2
fb 2p 2

= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

1000
Grd Lev.

T 16 @ 150

T 16 @ 150
T 16 @ 150
3200 mm
Approved 225 wide PVC
waterstop

200 mm kicker Approved water proofing system

to MFR's detail and specifications
to be provided internally.

T 16 @ 150
3200 mm
T 16 @ 150

T 16 @ 150
Approved 225 wide PVC
waterstop

200 mm kicker

TYPICAL WALL SECTION DETAILS

Project : PRIMA KAJANG
MARKET HOMES
JBSB
Calcs by Date
Part of POOL AT PODIUM LEVEL thean 10/6/2001
structure Checked Revision
Revision

WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES TO BS 8007 AND BS 8110

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1) MATERIAL AND LOADING DATA :

Chac strength of concrete, fcu = 35 N/mm²

Chac strength of steel, fy = 460 N/mm²
Nominal cover, c = 50 mm
Density of water, gw = 10 KN/m³
Height of water, hw = 1.5 m
Maximum crack width, w = 0.2 mm

2) DESIGN OF WALL : (At the ultimate limit state)

TOW BS 8110
cl. [Link]

225 thk
1500

h/3

Hor pressure due to water, p = gw x hw

= 15 KN/m²

Hor forces due to water, Hp = ½ x p x hw gf = 1.4

= 11.3 KN/m

Max bending moment, M = Hp x h/3 x gf

= 7.9 KNm/m

Max shear, V = ½ x p x h x gf
= 15.8 KN/m
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

2) BENDING REINFORCEMENT :

i) Max bending moment, M = 7.9 KNm/m b = 1000

k = M/fcu.b.d² h = 225
= 0.009 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. cover = 50
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.2 - k/0.9)} bar = 12
= 0.99 > 0.95d d = 157
z = 149.2 mm
Area of steel req Ast = M/[Link].z
= 132 mm²/m
Minimum reinforcement required,
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13%.b.h PROVIDE
= 293 mm²/m T 12 @ 150
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35%.b.h/2 ( 754 )
= 394 mm²/m each face steel ok

ii) Check shear :

Max shear force, V = 15.8 KN/m

Shear stress, v = V/b.d
= 0.10 N/mm²
[Link]/bd = 0.480
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.70 N/mm²
Ult. Shear stress, = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok

iii) At the serviceability limit state :

a) Direct tension in immature concrete :

Steel ratio, p = As/b.h BS 8007

= 0.0067 cl. 3.2.2
fct/fb = 0.67 App. A
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

b) Flexure tension in mature concrete

At service load condition, Ms = 5.63 KNm/m

Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0048
αe.p = 0.0723
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.315
therefore, x = 49.4 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 140.5 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 53.1 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 1.6 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 150
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm² cover
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00043 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 75
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 68
= 0.00063 cmin = 50
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= -0.00020
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 95 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= -0.04 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

C) Check deflection :

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 7

2 As reqd 1
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb BS 8110
cl. [Link]
= 54 N/mm² Table 3.10
M/bd² = 0.32
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 3.44 >2
Allowable span/eff depth = 14.0 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 9.6 mm deflection ok

D) Horizontal Steel :

Design for moisture and temperature effects.

No contraction joints provided, crack widths are controlled by the
reinforcement. Minimum steel required is Pcrit = 0.0035 PROVIDE
T 12 @ 200
Min area of steel req. Asmin = 0.35% x b x h/2 ( 565 )
= 394 mm²/m each face steel ok

Direct tension in immature concrete,

Steel reio, p = 2As/bh
= 0.0067 Table A.1
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC cl. 3.2.2(a)
T2 = 15 ºC App. A
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm

Design surface ccrack width,

α
w = Smax x T1 + T2
2

fct Φ 1
= x x α T1 + T2
fb 2p 2

= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

225

T 12 @ 150

T 12 @ 200 b/faces
Approved water proofing
membrane system to MFR's
specifications T 12 @ 150

200 mm kicker

Approved 225 wide PVC

waterstop

TYPICAL SECTIONAL DETAILS OF THE WALL

T 12 @ 200 T 12 @ 200

T 12 @ 150 T 12 @ 200

T 12 @ 200 T 12 @ 200

TYPICAL CORNER DETAILS OF THE WALL (PLAN VIEW)

Project : PRIMA KAJANG
MARKET HOMES
JBSB
Calcs by Date
Part of POOL AT PODIUM LEVEL thean 10/6/2001
structure Checked Revision
Revision

WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES TO BS 8007 AND BS 8110

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1) MATERIAL AND LOADING DATA :

Chac strength of concrete, fcu = 35 N/mm²

Chac strength of steel, fy = 460 N/mm²
Nominal cover, c = 50 mm
Density of water, gw = 10 KN/m³
Height of water, hw = 1.5 m
Maximum crack width, w = 0.2 mm

2) DESIGN OF WALL : (At the ultimate limit state)

TOW BS 8110
cl. [Link]

[Link]²/33.5
1500

[Link]²/15

Water prtessure, = gw x hw
= 15 KN/m²
Design as propped cantilever
Bending moment producing = p x hw²/15 x gf gf = 1.4
tension near water face, = 3.2 KNm/m

Bending moment producing = p x hw²/33.5 x gf

tension away water face, = 1.4 KNm/m
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

i) Maximum bending moment, M = 3.2 KNm/m b = 1000

k = M/fcu.b.d² h = 225
= 0.004 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. cover = 50
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.2 - k/0.9)} bar = 12
= 1.00 > 0.95d d = 157
z = 149.2 mm
Area of steel req Ast = M/[Link].z
= 53 mm²/m
Minimum reinforcement required,
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.15%.b.h PROVIDE
= 293 mm²/m T 12 @ 150
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35%.b.h/2 ( 754 )
= 394 mm²/m each face steel ok

ii) Shear check :

Maximum shear force, V = ½ x p x hw BS 8110

= 15.8 KN/m Jad. 3.9
Shear stress, v = V/b.d
= 0.10 N/mm²
[Link]/bd = 0.480
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.70 N/mm²
Ult. Shear stress, = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok

iii) At the serviceability limit state :

a) Direct tension in immature concrete :

Steel ratio, p = As/b.h BS 8007

= 0.0067 cl. 3.2.2
fct/fb = 0.67 App. A
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

b) Flexure tension in mature concrete

At service load condition, Ms = 2.25 KNm/m

Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0048
αe.p = 0.0723
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.315
therefore, x = 49.4 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 140.5 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 21.2 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 0.6 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 150
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm² cover
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00017 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 75
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 68
= 0.00063 cmin = 50
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= -0.00046
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 95 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= -0.09 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

3) Horizontal steel :

Design for moisture and temperature effects.

No contraction joints provided, crack widths are controlled by the
reinforcement. Minimum steel required is Pcrit = 0.0035 PROVIDE
T 12 @ 200
Min area of steel req. Asmin = 0.35% x b x h/2 ( 565 )
= 394 mm²/m each face steel ok

Direct tension in immature concrete,

Steel reio, p = 2As/bh
= 0.0050 Table A.1
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC cl. 3.2.2(a)
T2 = 15 ºC App. A
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm

Design surface ccrack width,

α
w = Smax x T1 + T2
2

fct Φ 1
= x x α T1 + T2
fb 2p 2

= 0.19 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

225

T 12 @ 150

T 12 @ 200
1500
Approved water proofing
membrane system to MFR's T 12 @ 150
specifications
200 mm kicker

Approved 225 wide PVC

waterstop
TYPICAL SECTIONAL DETAILS OF THE WALL
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
SLAB MARK
1) BASE SLAB DESIGN : WS12
1.1) In X-X direction (short span)
At the Ultimate limit State : fcu = 35
fy = 460
i) Ult. Bending Moment, Mxx = 34.4 KNm/m
k = M/fcu.b.d² b(mm) = 1000
= 0.017 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. h(mm) = 300
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.25 - k/0.9)} cover = 50
= 0.98 > 0.95d bar = 16
z = 229.9 mm d(mm) = 242
Area of steel req. Ast = M/[Link].z
= 374 mm²/m PROVIDE
Minimum reinforcement required, T 16 @ 150
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13% x b x h ( 1340 )
= 390 mm²/m steel ok
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35% x b x (h/2) BS 8110, Table 3.27
= 525 mm²/m each face BS 8007
cl. [Link]
ii) Shear :

Maximum shear force, Vu = 93.4 KN/m

Shear stress, v = Vu/b.d
= 0.39 N/mm² BS 8110
100As/bd = 0.554 Jad. 3.9
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.66 N/mm²
Ult. Shear stress, = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok

At the Serviceability Limit state :

i) Direct tension in immature concrete

Steel ratio, p = As/b.h

= 0.0089
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm BS 8007
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2 cl. 3.2.2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2] App. A
= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

ii) Flexure tension in mature concrete SLAB MARK

WS12
At service load condition, Ms = 24.6 KNm/m
Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0055
αe.p = 0.0834
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.333
therefore, x = 80.7 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 215.1 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 85.2 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 2.8 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 150
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm² cover
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00058 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 75
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 58
= 0.00037 cmin = 50
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= 0.000209
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 87 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= 0.041 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
SLAB MARK
1.2) In Y-Y direction (long span) WS12

At the Ultimate Limit State : fcu = 35

fy = 460
i) Ult. Bending Moment, Myy = 26.2 KNm/m
k = M/fcu.b.d² b(mm) = 1000
= 0.015 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. h(mm) = 300
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.25 - k/0.9)} cover = 50
= 0.98 > 0.95d bar = 16
z = 214.7 mm d(mm) = 226
Area of steel req. Ast = M/[Link].z
= 305 mm²/m PROVIDE
Minimum reinforcement required, T 16 @ 150
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13% x b x h ( 1340 )
= 390 mm²/m steel ok
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35% x b x (h/2) BS 8110, Table 3.27
= 525 mm²/m each face BS 8007
cl. [Link]
ii) Shear :

Maximum shear force, Vu = 79 KN/m

Shear stress, v = Vu/b.d
= 0.35 N/mm² BS 8110
100As/bd = 0.593 Jad. 3.9
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.69 N/mm²
Ult. Shear stress, = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok

At the Serviceability Limit state :

i) Direct tension in immature concrete

Steel ratio, p = As/b.h

= 0.0089
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm BS 8007
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2 cl. 3.2.2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2] App. A
= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

ii) Flexure tension in mature concrete SLAB MARK

WS12
At service load condition, Ms = 18.71 KNm/m
Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0059
αe.p = 0.0893
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.343
therefore, x = 77.4 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 200.2 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 69.7 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 2.4 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 150
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm² cover
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00052 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 75
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 74
= 0.00041 cmin = 50
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= 0.000108
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 97 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= 0.022 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
SLAB MARK
2) CHECK DEFLECTION : WS12

2.1) In X-X direction (short span)

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 26

2 As reqd 1
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb

= 86 N/mm²
M/bd² = 0.59 L(mm) = 3425
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 2.74 >2
Allowable span/eff depth = 52.0 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 14.2 mm deflection ok
Project : DBKL CHERAS SPORT COMPEX
JBSB
Calcs by Date
Part of PUBLIC POOL thean 10/6/2001
structure Checked Revision
Revision

WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES TO BS 8007 AND BS 8110

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1) SWIMMING POOL

25300

8700

PLAN
TOW

225 1800 2000

225
SECTION 2225

2) Material and loading data :

Density of water, gw = 9.81 KN/m³

Density of backfill material, gs = 18 KN/m³
Surcharge adopted, sur = 5 KN/m²
Soil bearing pressure assumed = 100 KN/m²

Dimensions :

Length, L = 25.300 m
Breath, B = 8.700 m
Depth of water, D = 1.800 m
Wall height, H = 2.000 m
Heel length, Lh = 2.225 m
Wall thickness, Tw = 0.225 m
Slab thickness, Ts = 0.225 m
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

3) STABILITY CHECK 1 : (When tank is full only water acts)

Check the stability 1 m length of wall at maximum depth.

Wt of water Wa = 35.3 KN Wa
Wt of wall Ww = 10.8 KN Ww La(m) = 1.225
Wt of heel slab Wh = 12.0 KN Lw(m) = 0.113
P 1.800 Lh(m) = 1.225
Water pressure, p = gw x D D/3
= 17.7 KN/m²
Hor pressure, Hp = ½xpxD Wh A
= 15.9 KN/m 2.225

Taking moment about A,

Overturning Moment, Mo = Hp x (H/3 + Ts/2)
= 11.3 KNm/m

Restraining moment, Mr = ([Link])+([Link])+([Link])

= 59.2 KNm/m

Factor of safety against overturning is,

Fo = Mr/Mo
= 5.2 > 2.0

Thus the criterion for overturning is satisfactory

4) BEARING PRESSURES : (When is full)

Check bearing pressures under the underside of the heel slab,

Total vertical loads, = Wa+Ww+Wh

= 58.1 KN/m
Moment of vert load about A = 59.2 KNm/m
Centroid of vert forces, x = Mv/Total load
= 1.018 m
Base length, Lb = 2.225 m
Eccentricity (applied force), e = (Lb/2) - x
= 0.094 m
Moment of forces about centroid of base,
Mc = (Total loads x e) + Mo
= 16.8 KNm
Section modulus of base, Z = (b x Lb²)/6
= 0.83 m³
Therefore extreme pressure on the soil,
P = (Total loads/(b x Lb) ± (Mc/Z)
Pmax = 46.5 KN/m² < 100
Pmin = 5.8 KN/m² < 100 bearing ok
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

3) STABILITY CHECK 2 : (When the tank is empty only soil acts)

Check pressures on the wall due to backfill soil on empty pool.

↓↓↓↓↓ surcharge
Ht of backfill h = 2.225 m
Angle of reposed, = 30 º Ww
Coef ka = (1-sinΦ)/(1+sinΦ) Hs
= 0.333 1.800 Hp 2.225
Hor pressure b/fill p = ka x gs x h h/2
= 13.3 KN/m² h/3
Hor force b/fill Hp = ½xpxh B Wh sur soil
= 14.9 KN/m 2.225
Hor pressure sur. ps = sur/3
= 1.7 KN/m² Lw(m) = 2.113
Hor force sur. Hs = ps x h Lh(m) = 1.113
= 3.7 KN/m

Taking Moment about point B

Overturning Moment, Mo = {(Hp x h/3)+(Hs x h/2)}
= 15.1 KNm
Restraining Moment, Mr = (Ww x Lw)+(Wh x Lh)
= 36.2 KNm
Factor of safety against overturning is
Fo = Mr/Mo
= 2.4 > 2.0

Thus the criterion for overturning is satisfactory

5) BEARING PRESSURE : (When is empty)

Check bearing pressure under the underside of the heel slab,

Total load, Ww+Wh = 22.8 KN
Moment of vert load about B = 36.2 KNm
Centroid of vert forces, x = Mv/Total load
= 1.586 m
Base length, Lb = 2.225 m
Eccentricity (applied force), e = x - (Lb/2)
= 0.473 m
Moment of forces about centroid of base,
Mc = (Total loads x e) - Mo
= -4.3 KNm
Section modulus of base, Z = (b x Lb²)/6
= 0.83 m³
Therefore extreme pressure on the soil is,
P = (Total loads/(b x Lb) ± (Mc/Z)
Pmin = 5.0 KN/m² < 100
Pmax = 15.5 KN/m² < 100 bearing ok
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

6) DESIGN OF WALLS :
BS 8110
6.1) At the ultimate limit state : cl. [Link]

6.2) When tank is full only water acts :

6.2.1) Max bending moment, M = Hp x (D/3) x gf gf = 1.4

= 13.3 KNm/m fcu = 35
k = M/fcu.b.d² fy = 460
= 0.014 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd.
z/d = 0.5 + √(0.25 - k/0.9) b = 1000
= 0.98 > 0.95d h = 225
z = 154.9 mm cover = 40
Area of steel req Ast = M/[Link].z bar = 12
= 215 mm²/m d = 163
Minimum reinforcement required,
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13%.b.h PROVIDE
= 293 mm²/m T 12 @ 200
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35%.b.h/2 ( 565 )
= 394 mm²/m each face steel ok

6.2.2) Check Shear :

BS 8110
Max shear force, V = ½ x p x D x gf Jad. 3.9
= 22.2 KN/m
Shear stress, v = V/b.d
= 0.14 N/mm²
100As/bd = 0.347
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.62 N/mm²
Ult shear stress, Vc = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok

6.3) At the serviceability limit state :

6.3.1) Direct tension in immature concrete

BS 8007
Steel ratio, p = As/b.h cl. 3.2.2
= 0.0050 App. A
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.19 mm < 0.2 mm
Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

6.3.2) Flexure tension in mature concrete

At service load condition, Ms = 9.54 KNm/m

Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0035
αe.p = 0.0522
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.275
therefore, x = 44.9 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 148.0 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 113.9 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 2.9 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 200
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm² cover
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00087 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 100
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 62
= 0.00081 cmin = 40
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= 0.00006
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 112 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= 0.01 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

6.3.3) Check deflection :

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 7

2 As reqd 1
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb BS 8110
cl. [Link]
= 117 N/mm² Table 3.10
M/bd² = 0.50
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 2.69 >2
Allowable span/eff depth = 14.0 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 11.7 mm deflection ok

6.4) When the tank is empty only soil acts :

6.4.1) Max bending moment, M = {(Hp x h/3) + (Hs x h/2)} x gf gf = 1.4

= 21.2 KNm/m fcu = 35
k = M/fcu.b.d² fy = 460
= 0.023 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd.
z/d = 0.5 + √(0.25 - k/0.9) b = 1000
= 0.97 > 0.95d h = 225
z = 154.9 mm cover = 40
Area of steel req Ast = M/[Link].z bar = 12
= 342 mm²/m d = 163
Minimum reinforcement required,
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13%.b.h PROVIDE
= 293 mm²/m T 12 @ 150
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35%.b.h/2 ( 754 )
= 394 mm²/m each face steel ok

6.4.2) Check Shear :

BS 8110
Max shear force, V = {(½ x p x h) + (ps x h)} x gf Jad. 3.9
= 26.0 KN/m
Shear stress, v = V/b.d
= 0.16 N/mm²
100As/bd = 0.463
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.68 N/mm²
Ult shear stress, Vc = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

6.5) At the serviceability limit state :

6.5.1) Direct tension in immature concrete

BS 8007
Steel ratio, p = As/b.h cl. 3.2.2
= 0.0067 App. A
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.14 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

6.5.2) Flexure tension in mature concrete

At service load condition, Ms = 15.1 KNm/m

Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0046
αe.p = 0.0696
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.310
therefore, x = 50.5 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 146.2 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 137.4 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 4.1 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm²
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm²
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es 150
= 0.00107
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, cover
bt (h - x)(a' - x) acr
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x)
= 0.00060 y1 = s/2
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2 y2 = c+Φ/2
= 0.00047 a' = h
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm y1 = 75
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2 y2 = 62
= 91 mm cmin = 40
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= 0.08 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

6.5.3) Check deflection :

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 7

2 As reqd 1
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb BS 8110
cl. [Link]
= 139 N/mm² Table 3.10
M/bd² = 0.80
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 2.21 >2
Allowable span/eff depth = 14.0 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 13.7 mm deflection ok
Project : PRIMA KAJANG
TNB HOMES
JBSB
Calcs by Date
Part of SPRINKLER TANK AT LEVEL 1 PODIUM thean 01/01/18
structure Checked Revision
Revision Ir. Naspi

WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES TO BS 8007 AND BS 8110

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1) BASE SLAB SPANNING ONE-WAY Slab Mark WS9

1.1) Material and loading data :

Chac. Strength of concrete, fcu = 35 N/mm²

Chac. Strength of steel, fy = 460 N/mm²
Density of water, gw = 10 KN/m³
Height of water, hw = 4 m

1.2) Design of slab :

72.3 KN/m

Slab thk. = 350 mm Le(m) = 1.500

1500

Loadings :

Self wt. of slab, = 8.4 KN/m²

Finishes = 1.5 KN/m²
Weight of water = 40.0 KN/m²
Dead load, gk = 49.9 KN/m²

Imposed load, qk = 1.5 KN/m²

Ult. Design load, F = 1.4gk + 1.6qk

= 72.3 KN/m²
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1.3) Bending Reinforcement : (At the ultimate limit state)

1.3.1) Max bending moment, M = F.L²/8 b = 1000

= 20.3 KNm/m h = 350
k = M/fcu.b.d² cover = 50
= 0.007 < 0.156 comp steel not reqd. bar = 16
z/d = 0.5+{√(0.25 - k/0.9)} d = 292
= 0.99 > 0.95d
z = 277.4 mm
Area of steel req. Ast = M/[Link].z PROVIDE
= 183 mm²/m T 16 @ 150
Minimum reinforcement required, ( 1340 )
BS 8110, Asmin = 0.13% x b x h steel ok
= 455 mm²/m
BS 8007, Asmin = 0.35% x b x (h/2)
= 613 mm²/m each face

1.3.2) Shear :
BS 8110
Maximum shear force, Vu = 54.2 KN/m Jad. 3.9
Shear stress, v = Vu/b.d
= 0.19 N/mm²
100As/bd = 0.459
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.59 N/mm²
Ult. Shear stress, = 0.8√fcu
= 4.73 N/mm² shear ok

1.4) At the serviceability limit state :

1.4.1) Direct tension in immature concrete

BS 8007
Steel ratio, p = As/b.h cl. 3.2.2
= 0.0077 App. A
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coef. α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Max design crack width, = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax α (T1+T2)/2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.17 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1.4.2) Flexure tension in mature concrete

At service load condition, Ms = 14.5 KNm/m

Young's modulus of conc. Ec = 0.5 x 5.5(fcu/1.5)^½ BS 8110
= 13 KN/mm² cl. 2.5.2
Young's modulus of steel, Es = 200 KN/mm²
Modulus ratio, αe = Es/Ec
= 15
Steel ratio, p = As/b.d
= 0.0046
αe.p = 0.0691
x 2
Depth of neutral axis, = αe.p 1 + - 1
d αe.p

= 0.309
therefore, x = 90.2 mm
Lever arm, z = d - (x/3)
= 261.9 mm
Ms
Steel tensile stress, fs = < 0.8fy
As.z
= 41.3 N/mm²
2Ms
Conc. Compressive stress, fcb = < 0.45fcu
z.b.x
= 1.2 N/mm²
Check stress levels :
0.8fy = 368 N/mm² 150
fs = fs < 0.8fy ok
0.45fcu = 15.8 N/mm² cover
= fcb < 0.45fcu ok acr
h-x fs
Concrete strain, ε1 = x
d-x Es y1 = s/2
= 0.00027 y2 = c+Φ/2
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, a' = h
bt (h - x)(a' - x) y1 = 75
ε2 =
[Link] (d - x) y2 = 58
= 0.00042 cmin = 50
Average surface strain, εm = ε1 - ε2
= -0.00015
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm
Distance, acr = √(y1² + y2²) - Φ/2
= 87 mm
Design surface crack width,
[Link].εm
w =
acr - cmin
1 + 2
h-x

= -0.03 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1.5) Check deflection :

Basic span/eff depth ratio, = 20

2 As reqd 1
Design service stress, fs = x fy x x
3 As prov ßb BS 8110
cl. [Link]
= 42 N/mm² Table 3.10
M/bd² = 0.24
Modification factor, MF = 0.55+(477-fs)/120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 3.74 >2
Allowable span/eff depth = 40.0 mm
Actual span/eff depth = 5.1 mm deflection ok

2) Horizontal Steel :

Design for moisture and temperature effects.

No contraction joints provided, crack widths are controlled by the
reinforcement. Minimum steel required is Pcrit = 0.0035 PROVIDE
T 16 @ 150
Min area of steel req. Asmin = 0.35% x b x h/2 ( 1340 )
= 613 mm²/m each face steel ok

Direct tension in immature concrete,

Steel reio, p = 2As/bh
= 0.0077 Table A.1
fct/fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.20E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC cl. 3.2.2(a)
T2 = 15 ºC App. A
Max design crack width = 0.2 mm

Design surface ccrack width,

α
w = Smax x T1 + T2
2

fct Φ 1
= x x α T1 + T2
fb 2p 2

= 0.17 mm < 0.2 mm

Thus the criterion for crack width is satisfactory

 JURUTERA BUDIMAN SDN. BHD.
73B & 75B, Jalan SS 21/37,
Damansara Utama, 47400 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor Darul Ehsan

WATER RETAINING STRUCTURE TO BS 5337

1) Elastic Design

This method is based on working loads, and permissible stresses in the concrete and steel
which are considered to be acting within the elastic range. Hence the design assumes a
triangular stress block. The ratio (αe) of the modulus of elasticity of steel to that of concrete
is taken as 15.
Calculations are performed on the basis of two criteria : strength, and resistance to cracking,
with exposure class related to allowable crack widths.

Design by elastic method, therefore, consists of designing for strength, checking cracking
resistance, and increasing the member size or area of reinforcement, if necessary.

Table. 1.1 Elastic method - strength calculations, permissible concrete stresses

Permissible concrete stresses (N/mm²)

Compression Shear Bond

Concrete
grade Direct Due to Average Local
bending
30 8.37 11.0 0.87 1.0 1.49
25 6.95 9.15 0.77 0.9 1.36

Table. 1.2 Elastic method - strength calculations, permissible steel stresses

Permissible stress (N/mm²)

Condition Class of
exposure Plain bars Deformed bars
Direct tension A 85 100
Flexural tension
and shear B 115 130
Compression A and B 125 140

Table. 1.3 Elastic method - cracking calculations, permissible stresses

Permissible concrete stresses (N/mm²)

Concrete Shear
Tension
grade V
Direct Due to bending bz
30 1.44 2.02 2.19
25 1.31 1.84 1.94
 JURUTERA BUDIMAN SDN. BHD.
73B & 75B, Jalan SS 21/37,
Damansara Utama, 47400 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor Darul Ehsan

2) Minimum Cement Content :

The minimum cement content, when using a particular size of aggregate in a Portland cement
concrete, to provide acceptable durability and impermeability for liquid-retaining structures
designed in accordance with this code are as below :

Table. 2.1 Minimum cement content in kg/m³ ensure durability

Reinforced coccrete Pretressed concrete

Exposure
class
Nominal max. size of aggregates Nominal max. size of aggregates

A 320 kg/m³ 360 kg/m³ 320 kg/m³ 360 kg/m³

B 260 kg/m³ 290 kg/m³ 300 kg/m³ 300 kg/m³

3) Degrees of exposure :

For the purposes of this code, members of a structure are to be considered in relation to
three classes of exposure. The maximum allowable crack widths are as below :

Table. 3.1 Limit state method - limitation for reinforced concrete

"Deemed to satisfy"
Maximum service
Class Exposure Maximum allowable stresses in
surface crack width reinforcement
Direct Plain Deformed
Flexure tension bars bars
(mm) (mm) (N/mm²) (N/mm²)
Moist or corrosive
A atmosphere, alternate 0.1 0.1 85 100
wetting and drying

Continuous, or almost
B continuous liquid 0.2 0.2 115 130
contact

Not exposed to moist 0.2 0.3 125 140

C or corrosive conditions,
or liquid
 Project : PCM

JURUTERA BUDIMAN
SENDIRIAN BERHAD
3.1
Make by Part of Leachit Sump
Checked Structure

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

18000
6000

3.2

░░░░ ░░░░
250
1200

1200

250

1200

1.1 Design data :

Density of water, gw = 9.81 KN /m³
Density of backfill soil, gs = 18 KN /m³
Surcharge, = 5 KN /m²
Soil bearing pressure, = 100 KN /m²

1.2 Dimension :
Length, L = 18.000 m
Width, B = 6.000 m
Wall height, H = 1.200 m
Water height, hw = 1.200 m
Heel length, Lh = 1.200 m
Wall thickness, Tw = 0.250 m
Slab thickness, Ts = 0.250 m
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

2.1 Stability check 1 : (When tank is full only water acts) 4.1
Check the stability per metre length of wall at maximum depth.

Weight of water on heel, w1 = 14.13 KN w1 [Link] = 24

Weight of wall, w2 = 8.70 KN w2
Selft weight of heel slab, w3 = 7.20 KN
P x1 = 0.850
Force due to water pressure P = [Link]² /2 x2 = 0.125
= 7.1 KN x3 = 0.850 a)

Taking moment about point A A

Overturning moment, Mo = P * (hw /3+Ts) w3
= 4.6 KNm
Restoring moment, Mr = (w1*x1)+(w2*x2)+w3*x3)
= 19.2 KNm FOS = 1.5

Therefore the factor of safety against overturning,

Fo = Mr /Mo
= 4.2 > 1.5 overturning ok !

2.2 Bearing pressures ( Full )

Check bearing pressures under the underside of the heel.
Total load, w1+w2+w3 = 30.0 KN
Moments of vert. load about point A = 19.2 KNm
Centroid of vertical forces, x = Mv /Total load
= 0.64 m
Base length, Lb = 1.450 m
Eccentricity of applied force, e = Lb /2 - x
= 0.085 m
Moment of forces about centroid of base,
Mc = (Total load *e)+Mo b)
= 7.1 KNm -
Section modulud of base, Z = [Link]²/6
= 0.35 m³

Therefore the pressure on the soil,

P = (Total load /b * Lb) ± (Mc /Z)
Pmax = 41.1 KN /m² < 100 ok !
Pmin = 0.3 KN /m² < 100 ok ! bearing ok !
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

3.1 Stability check 2 : (When the tank is empty only soil acts ) - Flexure tension in
Check pressures on the wall due to back fill soil on the empty pool. At service load con
Total height of retained material, Hr = 1.450 m w2 Characteristic stre
Angle of friction of back fill soil, Φ = 30 degree Characteristic stre
ka = (1 - SINΦ) / (1 + SINΦ) Young's modulus o
= 0.33 Pa x2 = 1.325
Active soil pressure, Pa = ka.([Link]² /2)+([Link].H/2) x3 = 0.600 Young's modulus o
= 7.5 KN As provided each f
acting at Hr /3 = 0.483 m B Modulus ratio
Taking moment about point B : w3
Overturning moment, Mo = Pa * Hr/3 Steel ratio
= 3.6 KNm
Restoring moment, Mr = (w2*x2)+(w3*x3) Neutral axis depth
= 15.8 KNm FOS = 1.5 where,

Therefore the factor of safety against overturning, hence,

Fo = Mr /Mo Lever arm
= 4.4 > 1.5 overturning ok !
Stress in steel (ten
3.2 Bearing pressures ( Empty )
Check bearing pressures under the underside of the heel. Strain in steel
Total load, w2+w3 = 15.9 KN
Moments of vert. load about point B = 15.8 KNm Concrete strain
Centroid of vertical forces, x = Mv /Total load
= 1.00 m Strain reduction du
Base length, Lb = 1.450 m
Eccentricity of applied force, e = x - Lb/2
= 0.272 m
Moment of forces about centroid of base, Average strain
Mc = (Total load *e) - Mo
= 0.7 KNm Distance
Section modulud of base, Z = [Link]²/6
= 0.35 m³ Crack width

Therefore the pressure on the soil,

P = (Total load /b * Lb) ± (Mc /Z)
Pmax = 12.9 KN /m² < 100 ok ! 5.1 Deflection check
Pmin = 9.0 KN /m² < 100 ok ! bearing ok ! Basic span / eff de
Service stress

Modification factor

Allowable (span/ef
Actual (span/eff de
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

4.1 Design of walls : 6.1 Horizontal steel :

Design as cantilever wall. Design for moistur
H = 1.6 There are 3 option
Maximum hor. Pressure, Pmax = 7.5 KN gf = 1.4
Maximum bending moment, Mmax = Pmax * H /3 a) Option 1 :
= 4.01 KNm /m fcu = 35 No contraction join
Maximum shear, Vmax = 7.5 KN /m fy = 460 Minimum steel req

a) At the ultimate limit state : b = 1000

Ultimate bending moment, Mu = 5.6 KNm /m h = 250 - Direct tension in im
k = Mu /b.d².fcu bar = 10 As provided each f
= 0.004 < 0.156 ok ! cover = 40 Steel ratio,
z/d = 0.5+√(0.25 - k/0.9) d = 205
= 1.00 > 0.95d
z = 195 mm Adopt steel Thermal coefficien
Steel required, As req = Mu /[Link].z bar = 10 Fall in temperature
= 72 mm²/m ok ! spacing = 100
Minimum reinforcement required, Asprov = 785 Required design cr
BS 8110, As min = 0.13 %.b.h % As = 0.63 Crack width,
= 325 mm²/m ok ! steel ok !
BS 8007, As min = 0.35 %.b.(h/2)
= 438 mm²/m ok !
b) Option 2 :
Check shear : Provide movement
Ultimate shear, V ult = 10.52 KN /m contraction joint. F
Shear stress, v = Vult /b.d Minimum steel req
= 0.05 N /mm² < 0.8√fcu ok ! 0.8√fcu = 4.73
100As /b.d = 0.383
Allowable shear stress, vc = 0.61 N /mm² >v ok ! shear ok ! - Direct tension in im
As provided each f
b) At the serviceability limit state : Steel ratio,
- Direct tension in immature concrete
As provided each face, As prov = 785 mm²/m
Steel ratio, p = [Link] / b.h Thermal coefficien
= 0.0063 Fall in temperature
fct / fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.2E-05 /ºC Required design cr
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC Crack width,
T2 = 15 ºC
Required design crack width = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax.α.(T1+T2) /2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2] c) Option 3 :
= 0.13 mm < 0.2 crack width ok ! Provide close mov
Minimum reinforce

- Alternative (a),
Maximum spacing
where, ε =εs + εre

Therefore joint cen

 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Flexure tension in mature concrete - Alternative (b),

At service load condition M = 4.01 KNm Alternate partial and comp
Characteristic strength of steel fy = 460 Maximum spacing
Characteristic strength of concrete fcu = 35 where
Young's modulus of concrete Ec = 0.5*5.5(fcu /1.5)^½
= 13 KN/mm²
Young's modulus of steel Es = 200 KN/mm²
As provided each face Asprov = 785 mm²/m
Modulus ratio αe = Es /Ec
= 15 Therefore joint centres
Steel ratio p = As /b.d
= 0.0038 - Alternative (c),
Neutral axis depth x = {-αe.p+[αe.p.(2+αe.p)]^½}.d Partial joints at maximum s
where, -αe.p = -0.058 Therefore joint centres
[αe.p(2+αe.p)]^½ = 0.3445
hence, x = 59 mm 7.1 Bond length :
Lever arm z = d - (x/3) Ultimate bond stress,
= 185 mm
Stress in steel (tensile) σs = M /As.z Ultimate forces in bar,
= 27.5 N/mm²
Strain in steel εs = σs /Es
= 0.00014 Bond resistance
Concrete strain ε1 = εs [(h - x) / (d - x)] So, bond length required,
= 0.00018
Strain reduction due to stiffening effect, However, BS 8007 cl. 3.2.1
ε2 = 1.0.b.(h - x).(a' - x) a' = h not exceed 0.7 x the value
[Link].(d - x) y1 = 50
= 0.00053 y2 = 45 So, Bond length
Average strain εm = ε1 - ε2
= -0.00035
Distance αcr = √(y1²+y2²) - Φ/2
= 62 mm
Crack width w = 3.αcr.εm
= 1+2.(αcr - Cmin) / (h - x)
= -0.053 < 0.2 crack width ok !

Deflection check :
Basic span / eff depth = 7
Service stress fs = 28 N/mm²
M/b.d² = 0.134
Modification factor = 0.55+477 - fs) / 120(0.9+M/bd²)
= 4.17 > 2.0
Allowable (span/eff depth) δp = 14.0
Actual (span/eff depth) δa = 5.9 < 14.0 deflection ok !
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Horizontal steel :
Design for moisture amd temperature effects.
There are 3 option accordance to BS 8007 in table 5.1

Option 1 : ( Continuous for full restraint )

No contraction joints provided, crack widths are controlled by the reinforcement.
Minimum steel required, As = 0.35 %b.(h/2) Pcrit = 0.35%
= 438 mm²/m each face
Adopt steel
Direct tension in immature concrete bar = 10
As provided each face, As prov = 393 mm²/m spacing = 200
Steel ratio, p = [Link] / b.h Asprov = 393
= 0.0031 % As = 0.31
fct / fb = 0.67 steel insufficient !!
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.2E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 15 ºC
Required design crack width = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax.α.(T1+T2) /2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.26 mm > 0.2 crack failed !!

Option 2 : ( Semicontinuous for partial restraint )

Provide movement joint spacing 7.5m for partial construction joint or 15m for complete
contraction joint. Fall in temperature T2 need not be considered. Pcrit = 0.35%
Minimum steel required, As = 0.35 %b.(h/2)
= 438 mm²/m each face Adopt steel
bar = 10
Direct tension in immature concrete spacing = 200
As provided each face, As prov = 393 mm²/m Asprov = 393
Steel ratio, p = [Link] / b.h % As = 0.31
= 0.0031 steel insufficient !!
fct / fb = 0.67
Thermal coefficient, α = 1.2E-05 /ºC
Fall in temperature, T1 = 25 ºC
T2 = 0 ºC
Required design crack width = 0.2 mm
Crack width, w = Smax.α.(T1+T2) /2
= [(fct/fb).(Φ/2p)] * [α.(T1+T2) /2]
= 0.16 mm < 0.2 crack width ok !

Option 3 : (Close movement joint spacing for freedom of movement )

Provide close movement joint spacing.
Minimum reinforcement required = 2/3 Pcrit.b.h/2 Pcrit = 0.35%
= 292 mm²/m each face ok ! 2./3Pcrit = 0.23
Adopt steel
Alternative (a), bar = 10
Maximum spacing complete joints = 4.8 + w /ε spacing = 200
where, ε =εs + εre - (100 x E-6) = α.T1 /2 = 0.00015 Asprov = 393
α = 1.2E-05 /ºC % As = 0.31
T1 = 25 ºC
w = 0.2 mm
Therefore joint centres = 4.8 + w /ε
= 6.1 m
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Alternative (b),
Alternate partial and complete joints.
Maximum spacing = [Link] + 2.4 + w /ε
Smax = ( fct /fb )*(Φ /2p)
Fct /fb = 0.67
Φ = 10
p = 0.00233
Smax = 1.4 m
w /ε = 1.3
Therefore joint centres = 4.5 m

Alternative (c),
Partial joints at maximum spacing = Smax + w /ε
Therefore joint centres = 2.8 m

Bond length :
Ultimate bond stress, fbu = 0.5√fcu
= 2.96 N /mm²
Ultimate forces in bar, = [Link]
= [Link].(π.d² /4)
= 314 d
Bond resistance = (π.d.x) / ([Link])
So, bond length required, Lb = 33.82 d

However, BS 8007 cl. 3.2.1 states that for bars in direct tension, the bond stress shall
not exceed 0.7 x the value given in BS 8110.
Adopt bond length
So, Bond length = Lb /0.7 Lb = 50d
= 48.32 d
 Porject : MATUNDU-MATUNDU KIHINGO NAIROBI

JURUTERA BUDIMAN
SENDIRIAN BERHAD
No.73B & 75B,Jalan SS 21/37, Damansara Utama,
47400 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Prepared by [Link] Part of Main Office Building
Checked by structure [Link] at Basement Level

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

1.1 Design wall panel of a rectangular tank with triangularly distributed loads : Wall Ref. W1

Freely supported

3.000
lz(m)

1.200
lx(m)

Height of water = 3 m
Density of water = 9.81 KN/m³
Maximum water pressure p = 29.4 KN/m²

Ratio of span k = lx / lz
= 0.4 < 0.5 assumed span entirely horizontally

2.1 Bending Moment Coefficient, -δz = 0.05

δz = 0.019
-δx = 0.018
δx = 0.007

3.1 Bending Moments :

3.1.1 Vertical Span :

Max -ve Moment on vertical span = [Link]².gs ys = 1.0

(at midpoint along bottom of panel) = 13.2 KNm/m

Max +ve Moment on vertical span = [Link]².gs

(at a height of about 0.45 m from base) = 5.0 KNm/m

3.1.2 Horizontal Span :

Max -ve Moment on horizontal span = [Link]².gs

(at height of about 3lz/7 along vertical = 0.8 KNm/m
edge)

Max +ve Moment on horizontal span = [Link]².gs

(at about mid-height & mid-span) = 0.3 KNm/m
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

4.1 Bending Reinforcement :(Elastic design) Wall Ref. W1

4.1.1 At the vertical span :(at the serviceability limit state) fcu = 25
fy = 460
Maximum Moment Mv = 13.2 KNm/m
b = 1000
a) Strength Calculations : h = 300
cover = 50
d d = 238
Neutral axis depth x =
fst αe = 15
1 +
α[Link] fst = 130
fst/α[Link] = 0.788 fcc = 11
= 133.1 mm
Adopt vertical steel
M Φ = 16
Steel required, As req =
x spacing = 150
fst d -
3 Asprov = 1340

= 526 mm²/m ok ! steel ok !

Minimum steel required As min = 0.26%b.h
= 780 mm²/m ok !

b) Check Cracking :
As/bh = 0.00447
(h-x)/3 = 48.273 h+2(αe - 1).r.d (αe-1) = 14
x =
(αe-1)r = 0.063 2(αe - 1).r + 2 Pcb = 1.84
(d-x)/(h-x) = 0.572 = 155.2 mm N/mm²
d-x/3 = 186.273
b.h = 300000 h-x (d - x) x
M = fctbh + (αe-1)r d -
3 (h - x) 3

therefore, fct = 0.80 N/mm² < 1.84 ok ! crack width ok !

4.1.2 At the horizontal span :(at the serviceability limit state)

Maximum Moment Mh = 0.8 KNm/m

b = 1000
a) Strength Calculations : h = 300
cover = 50
d d = 225
Neutral axis depth x =
fst
1 +
α[Link]

= 125.8 mm
Adopt horizontal steel
M Φ = 12
Steel required, As req =
x spacing = 100
fst d -
3 Asprov = 1131

= 32 mm²/m ok ! steel ok !
Minimum steel required As min = 0.26%b.h
= 780 mm²/m ok !
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

b) Check Cracking : Wall Ref. W1

As/bh = 0.00377
(h-x)/3 = 52.507 h+2(αe - 1).r.d (αe-1) = 14
x =
(αe-1)r = 0.053 2(αe - 1).r + 2 Pcb = 1.84
(d-x)/(h-x) = 0.524 = 142.5 mm
d-x/3 = 177.507
b.h = 300000 h-x (d - x) x
M = fctbh + (αe-1)r d -
3 (h - x) 3

therefore, fct = 0.04 mm < 1.84 ok ! crack width ok !

5.1 Check Tensile Stress:

Direct tensile force Ft = 44.1 KN/m Pct = 1.31

Direct tensile stress fst = Ft / bh + (αe - 1).As

= 0.002 N/mm²

5.1.1 For combined stresses :

actual bending stress actual direct stress

+ = 0.438 < 1.0 stress ok !
permissible bending stress permissible direct stress

300

assumed water level T 16 @ 150

T 12 @ 100

T 16 @ 150
225 wide approved PVC waterstop
INTERNAL

Approved waterproofing EXTERNAL

membrane or equivalent

T 16 @ 150

SECTIONAL DETAIL
`
 JURUTERA BUDIMAN SDN. BHD.
No. 73B & 75B, Jalan SS 21/37,
Damansara Utama, 47400 Petaling Jaya
Selangor Darul Ehsan

DESIGN Of RECTANGULAR TANK TO BS 8007

CALCULATION OUTPUT

1.1 Elastic design :

0.25 0.25

tow
ph²/33.5
m
m
3

w = 9.81
2

ph²/15

Maximum water pressure at base = [Link]

= 20.6 KN/m²

Design as propped cantilevers(at serviceability limit state)

Max bending moment producing = p.h²/15

tension near the water face = 10.0 KNm/m

Max bending moment producing = p.h²/33.5

tension away from the waterface = 4.5 KNm/m

2.1 Bending Reinforcement : fcu= 25

fy = 460
Maximum Moment, M max = 10.0 KNm/m
b = 1000
Strength Calculations : h = 250
cover = 40
d d = 198
Neutral axis depth x=
fst taking αe = 15
1 +
α[Link] fst = 130
fst/α[Link] = 0.947 fcc = 9.15
= 101.7 mm
Adopt vert steel
M Φ = 10
Steel required, As req =
x spacing = 100
fst d -
3 Asprov = 785
 = 469 mm²/m ok ! steel ok !

Minimum steel required As min = 0.26%b.h

= 650 mm²/m ok !
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Check Cracking :
As/bh = 0.00314
(h-x)/3 = 40.642 h+2(αe - 1).r.d (αe-1) = 14
x =
(αe-1)r = 0.044 2(αe - 1).r + 2 Pcb = 1.84
(d-x)/(h-x) = 0.574 = 128.1 mm
d-x/3 = 155.308
b.h = 250000 h-x (d - x) x
M = fctbh + (αe-1)r d -
3 (h - x) 3

therefore, fct = 0.90 N/.mm² < 1.84 ok ! crack width ok !

Adopt hor steel

Horizontal steel provide As min = 0.35%b.h/2 Φ = 10
= 438 mm²/m ok ! spacing = 100
Asprov = 785
steel ok !
Check Tensile Stress:

Direct tensile force Ft = 21.6 KN/m Pct = 1.31

Direct tensile stress fst = Ft / bh + (αe - 1).As

= 0.080 N/mm² < 1.31 ok !

Check for combined stresses :

actual bending stress actual direct stress

+ = 0.549 < 1.0 stress ok !
per. bending stress per. direct stress

250

T 10 @ 100

T 10 @ 100

T 10 @ 100
225 wide approved PVC waterstop

Approved waterproofing
membrane or equivalent
 T 10 @ 100

SECTIONAL DETAIL