Experiment No.
5 Date: 11/06/2021
DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF
SUGAR SOLUTION BY OSWALD’S VISCOMETER
Theory
Whenever a liquid flow, each portion of it experience a resistance to flow while flowing
across another position. The co-efficient of viscosity is a measure of this resistance to flow. It is
defined as tangential force required maintaining a unit velocity gradient between two parallel
layers of liquid of unit area and it can be expressed as follows:
Tangential force
areaXvelocitygradient
Its unit is poise and is given by dyne second/square cm.
In Ostwald Viscometer the force driving a liquid of viscosity(1) through capillary
depends on the difference in liquid level (h), the density (d1), and the acceleration due to gravity
(g) . So it is given by the expression hgd1.
If exactly the same volume of liquid of viscosity 2, is introduced into the same tube, the
driving force is equal to hgd2, where d2 is the density of the second liquid.
Therefore for a given apparatus and the same volume of liquid, is proportional to the
driving force and to the time of out flow.
2 hd 2 g t 2
Hence,
1 hd1g t 1
2 d t
2 2
1 d1 t 1
This expression gives the viscosity of the second liquid relative to that of the first.
Procedure
1.
The Ostwald Viscometer tube is filled up first with distilled water of particular volume
(as instructed during lab class) and the time is noted with the help of stopwatch for distilled
water to pass from one mark to another mark in the viscometer. It is repeated twice.
2.
Different sugar solutions (same volume) of known concentration (such as 2%, 5% and
10%) are taken and the corresponding flow time in viscometer are noted using the above
procedure. The above procedure are repeated again for the supplied sample solution of
unknown concentration.
3. The density of each solution are provided.
Observation
Table: Determination of time of flow
[[[
Concentration
SI. Types of Density Time of flow Mean Time
of sugar
No. solutions (gm/cc) (Sec) (Sec)
solution
0% 1.0061 Ist reading 60.43 60.51
1. Water
2nd reading 60.60
1st sugar 2% 1.0130 Ist reading 63.03 63.08
2.
solution 2nd reading 63.12
2nd sugar 5% 1.0240 Ist reading 65.59 65.68
3.
solution 2nd reading 65.78
3rd sugar 10% 1.0430 Ist reading 73.07 73.22
4.
solution 2nd reading 73.37
Unknown Z% 1.0370 Ist reading 68.81 68.85
5.
sugar solution 2nd reading 68.90
*Room temperature at the time of the experiment = 25.4C
Calculation
1.
The viscosity of water at noted temperature was found out from literature given below
water
at 25.4C =
2. Relative viscosity of each solution was calculated from the relation:
d 2t 2
2 water
d 1t1
a. 2
Then a graph is plotted taking ‘coefficient of viscosity’ in Y axis and
percentage concentration of sugar solutions in X axis. A straight line is found and
the concentration of unknown sugar solution (Z%) is found out by drawing
perpendicular from the straight line from the point of coefficient of viscosity of
unknown solution on the X axis.
By calculation,
2%
η = 0.938 cP
5%
η = 0.987 cP
10%
η = 1.121 cP
Z%
η = 1.048 cP
Viscosity Coefficient of water at different temperature (obtained from Literature)
Temperature Viscosity Co-efficient
o
( C) (Centipoise)
20 1.005
25 0.8937
30 0.8007
40 0.6560
50 0.5494
Conclusion:
The percentage concentration of the unknown sugar solution = Z%=6.8 %
