PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MODULE 03:
PHILIPPINE CIVIL AIR
REGULATIONS

Prepared by:
AERO FACULTY

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Ref. no Page
Module Discussion
Module Introduction/ Learning Outcomes
Philippine Civil Aviation Regulation (PCAR)
Introduction to Philippine Civil Air Regulation Page 5 5 min
PCAR Part 1 – General Policies, Procedures and Definitions Pages 5 - 11 25 mins
PCAR Part 2 – Personnel Licensing Pages 11-35 120 mins
PCAR Part 3 – Approved Training Organizations Pages 35-43 30 mins
PCAR Part 4 – Aircraft Registration and Marking Pages 43-47 20 mins
PCAR Part 5 – Airworthiness Pages 47-55 30 mins
PCAR Part 6 – Approved Maintenance Organization Pages 55-55 20 mins
PCAR Part 7 – Instrument and Equipment Pages 55-63 20 mins
PCAR Part 8 – Operations Pages 64-69 30 mins
PCAR Part 9 – Air Operator Certification and Administration Pages 70-79 40 mins
PCAR Part 10 – Commercial Air Transport by Foreign Air
Pages 80-83 20 mins
Carriers within Republic of the Philippines
PCAR Part 11 – Aerial Work and Operating Limitations for Non-
Pages 84-96 120 mins
Type Certificated Aircraft
PCAR Part 13 – Accident and Incident Reporting and
Pages 97-107 30 mins
Investigation
PCAR Part 18 – Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Air Pages 108-114 20 mins
Title Page
Self-Test Questions
Module Activity
Assessment Activity
Rubric
Assessment Rubric for a Timeline
Assessment Rubric for a Reflection Paper
Assessment Rubric for a Short Answer

TABLE OF REFERENCES
References No.
CAAP. (n.d.). Civil Aviation Regulations | Civil Aviation Authority of the
Philippines. Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. 1
https://caap.gov.ph/philippine-civil-aviation-regulations/

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MODULE 3
Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Topics:
Philippine Civil Aviation Regulation Time Allotted: 1,257.6 minutes
Readings (530 minutes)
Module Activities and Self-Test (300 minutes)
Assessment Activities (427.6 minutes)

Honesty Clause:

The students are expected to accept and maintain principles of intellectual and academic
honesty as members of the academic community. The institution believes that students are
truthful as a basic and necessary standard of conduct in academic matters, and that they
only submit the results of their own efforts for credit.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MODULE INTRODUCTION

This module provides an introduction of the Philippine Civil Aviation Regulations,

and a summary of the 13 Civil Air Regulations (CAR) parts which deal with the regulatory
requirements for the safety in aviation.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Course Learning Outcomes [CLO]

Module Learning Outcomes [MLO] TLO 10: Define the concepts that
CLO 1. Evaluate key individuals, apply across the body of
agencies and organizations’ roles regulations that are the PCARs
Topic Learning Outcomes [TLO]
and influence in the development prescribing requirements for
and regulation of commercial MLO 1. Demonstrate formatting, definitions applicable
aviation. fundamental knowledge in the to all PCARs, enforcements,
CLO 4. Interpret the specific Philippine Civil Air Laws and exemptions and amendments to
contextual elements that shaped Regulations. the PCARs.
key aviation regulatory events TLO 11: Outline the regulation for
such as passage of the Republic the personnel licensing such as
Act 9497, Republic Act 776 and MLO 2 the minimum requirements for
Philippine Civil Air Regulations. establishing minimum eligibility,
Discuss relevant information in
CLO 8. Categorize and the Philippine Civil Air specific license that may be
differentiate the national and Regulations issued through validation,
international standards and . conversion or completion of skill
regulatory compliance in design, evaluation, ratings, language
maintenance, repair, alteration proficiency etc.
and operation of aircraft. TLO 12: Describe the regulation
CLO 9. Select and apply for the certification and
appropriate research and administration of approved
communication methodologies in training organizations.
the analyses and presentation of TLO 13: Discuss the regulation on
subjects of relevance to the registration of aircraft.
objectives of this course. TLO 14: Summarize the
regulation for performance of
maintenance by aviation
personnel and for the flight crews
conduct of flight.
TLO 15: List the regulation for the
certification and administration
of air operators engaged in
commercial air transport and
aerial work operators.
TLO 16: Review regulations and
procedures in accident and
incident reporting and
investigation.
TLO 17: Illustrate the regulation
for the safe transport dangerous
goods and their carriage by air.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Philippine Civil Aviation Regulation (PCAR)

The regulatory requirements that deal with the safety in aviation relating to personnel
licensing, aircraft operations, and airworthiness are provided in the Civil Aviation Regulations
(CAR). The said regulatory requirements are presented in 13 CAR Parts.

Part I General Policies, Procedures, Definitions

Part II Personnel Licensing
Part III Approved Training Organization
Part IV Aircraft Registration and Markings
Part V Airworthiness
Part VI Approved Maintenance Organization
Part VII Instruments and Organization
Part VIII Operations
Part IX Air Operator Certification and Administration
Part X Commercial Air Transport of Foreign Air Carriers within Republic of the
Philippines
Part XI Aerial Work and Non-Certificated Aircraft: Operating Limitations
Part XIII Accident and Incident Reporting and Investigation
Part XVIII Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Air

The students are encouraged to read the Implementing Standard (IS) of every PCAR
part (link below) as a supplemental material to thoroughly understand the topic discussion.

Supplementary Reading:

Philippine Civil Air Regulations (PCARs)

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1HDmib2jVC5e7slOu_8qnckK6_UoIo1Zw?
usp=sharing

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

PART I – GENERAL POLICIES, PROCEDURES, DEFINITIONS

1.1 RULES OF CONSTRUCTION

Throughout these regulations, the following word usage applies:

(1) Shall indicates a mandatory requirement.

(2) "no person may..." or "a person may not..." mean that no person is required,
authorized, or permitted to do an act described in a regulation.
(3) May indicates that discretion can be used when performing an act described in a
regulation.
(4) Will indicates an action incumbent upon the Authority.
(5) Includes means "includes but is not limited to."
(6) Approved means approved by or on behalf of the Civil Aviation Authority in
accordance with the pertinent requirements of national regulations.
(7) Acceptable means the Authority has reviewed the method, procedure, or policy
and has neither objected to nor approved its proposed use or implementation.
(8) Prescribed means the Authority has issued written policy or methodology which
imposes either a mandatory requirement; if the written policy or methodology states
"shall." or a discretionary requirement if the written policy or methodology states
"may."
(9) Should indicate a recommended practice.
(10) Civil Aviation Act means Republic Act No. 9497, otherwise known as Civil
Aviation Authority Act of 2008.

APPLICABILITY:

A. The regulations apply to all persons operating or maintaining the following:

1. Republic of the Philippines (RP) registered aircraft
2. Aircraft registered in another Contracting State that are operated by a person
licensed by the Republic of the Philippines
3. Aircraft of another Contracting State operating in the Republic of the Philippines

ORGANIZATION OF REGULATIONS

Five hierarchical categories subdivides these regulations:

1. Part – primary subject area
2. Subpart – any subdivision of a Part
3. Section – any subdivision of a Subpart
4. Subsection – title of a regulation and can be a subdivision of a Subpart of
Section
5. Paragpraph - text describing the regulations. All paragraphs are outlined
alphanumerically in the following hierarchical order: (a), (1), (i); (A)

REGULATIONS AMENDMENT PROCEDURE

a. There shall be a Regulations Review Committee (RR-Committee) consisting of the

representatives from:

1. Flight Standards Inspectorate Service (FSIS)

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
- review the contents of each amendment with the corresponding Part(s)
of CAR, assess its applicability to Republic of the Philippines, and
accordingly advise the RR- Committee
- work out a suitable amendment text for the CAR, based on the
“accepted” part of the Annex-amendment and put up to the Director
General, through the RR-Committee

2. Enforcement and Legal Service (ELS)

3. Office of the ICAO and External Relations (IER)

- When the Annex-amendment is to be “accepted”, the IER shall arrange
to notify the ICAO accordingly, and file difference(s), if any, separately
with ICAO, in accordance with the prescribed procedure.

4. Concerned Services/Directorates of the Authority

5. Technical Library
- maintain a current copy of these regulations (CAR), fully updated, at all
times.

The Amendment Cycle shall be twice a year, in January and July, commencing
in January 2009.

A typical CAR-amendment shall contain the following:

1. Letter of Transmittal: A letter to all recipients/CAR copy-holders, describing the

purpose and location of the amendment in relation to the existing
Regulation(s).
2. Instructions: The instructions to “insert” and/or “delete” the affected pages of
each Part stating page number(s) and their effective date(s).
3. Replacement pages of CAR: The replacement pages of CAR giving effect to the
Annex-amendment. As these regulations are printed on both sides of paper,
whenever some text undergoes a change, the reverse side will also need a
reprint, except that the effective date of the reverse side page may remain
unchanged.
4. Updated Table of Contents: The effective dates of changed pages shall be
incorporated in the Contents of each Part as well as in the main Table of
Contents.
5. Recording of Amendments: Instructions for recording the insertion of the CAR-
amendment in the “Record of Amendment” in the Table of Contents Part.
6. Updating a Controlled Document: The prescribed procedure for updating a
“Controlled Document” shall be adhered to while transmitting and incorporating
each CAR-amendment.

1.2 GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE RULES GOVERNING TESTING, LICENSES, AND

CERTIFICATES

DISPLAY AND INSPECTION OF CERTIFICATES

For Pilot License, Flight Instructor License, and Airman License:

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
The license shall be in physical possession or readily accessible in the
aircraft or the work site when exercising the priveledges of that license.

For Medical Certificate, Approved Training Organization (ATO) Certificate,

Approved Maintenance Organization (AMO) Certificate and Aircraft Certificate
of Registration:

Certificate shall be displayed in an accessible area or must be readily

available for inspection.

CHANGE OF NAME

A holder of a license or certificate may apply to change the name on a

license or certificate, and shall include with any such request:
1. current license or certificate
2. copy of the marriage license, court order, or other document
verifying the name change

CHANGE OF ADDRESS

The holder of an airman license or certificate, or approved training

organization certificate who has made a change in permanent mailing address
may not, after 30 days from that date, exercise the privileges of the license or
certificate unless the holder has notified the Authority in writing of the new
permanent mailing address, or current residential address if the permanent
mailing address includes a post office box number.

REPLACEMENT OF A LOST OR DESTROYED AIRMAN LICENSE OR MEDICAL

CERTIFICATE OR KNOWLEDGE TEST REPORT

The airman or applicant shall state in the request letter:

1. The name of the airman or applicant;
2. The permanent mailing address, or if the permanent mailing address
includes a post office box number, the person's current residential address;
3. The social security number or equivalent national identification number;
4. The date and place of birth of the airman or applicant; and
5. Any available information regarding the
(i) Grade, number, and date of issuance of the license, and the ratings,
if applicable;
(ii) Date of the medical examination, if applicable; and
(iii) Date the knowledge test was taken, if applicable.

After receiving a facsimile from the Authority confirming that the lost or
destroyed document was issued, an airman may carry the facsimile in lieu of
the lost or destroyed document for up to 60 days pending the airman's receipt
of a duplicate document.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

FALSIFICATION, REPRODUCTION, OR ALTERATION OF APPLICATIONS, LICENSES,

CERTIFICATES, LOGBOOKS, REPORTS, OR RECORDS

Any person who commits any of the following act may have his or her
airman license, rating, certificate, qualification, or authorization revoked or
suspended:
1. Any fraudulent or intentionally false statement;
2. Any fraudulent or intentionally false entry in any logbook, record,
or report that these regulations require, or used to show compliance
with any requirement of these regulations,
3. Any reproduction for fraudulent purpose; or any alteration.

ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION

1. A "Warning Notice" recites available facts and information about the

incident or condition and indicate that it may have been a violation; or
2. A "Letter of Correction" confirms the Authority's decision in the matter and
states the necessary corrective action the alleged violator has taken or
agreed to take. If the agreed corrective action is not fully completed, formal
certificate action may be taken.

CERTIFICATE ACTION

SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION OF A LICENSE OR CERTIFICATE FOR

VIOLATION OF THE REGULATIONS

The holder of any license or certificate issued under these

regulations that has been suspended or revoked shall return that license
to the Authority when requested to do so by the Authority.

RE-EXAMINATION OR RE-INSPECTION OF A CERTIFICATE OR LICENSE FOR LACK OF

QUALIFICATION

If the Authority determines that a lack of qualification exists, and that

safety in air transport and the public interest requires it, the Authority may
issue an order to amend, modify, suspend, or revoke the license or certificate
in whole or in part.

NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO BE HEARD

Unless safety in air transport requires immediate action the Authority

shall provide the person with an opportunity to be heard as to why such
certificate or license should not be amended, modified, suspended, or revoked.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

CIVIL PENALTIES

Any person, other than a person conducting an operation in commercial

air transport or international commercial air transport, who violates any
provision of the Civil Aviation Act, these Aviation Safety Regulations; or any
order issued there under, is subject to a civil penalty imposed by the Authority
in accordance with Section 81 of the Civil Aviation Act.
Any person conducting an operation in commercial air transport or
international commercial air transport, who violates any provision of the Civil
Aviation Act, these Aviation Safety Regulations, or any order issued there
under, is subject to a civil penalty imposed by the Authority in accordance with
Section 81 of the Civil Aviation Act.

REAPPLICATION AFTER REVOCATION

A person whose license, certificate, rating, or authorization has been

revoked may not apply for any license, certificate, rating, or authorization for
1 year after the date of revocation.

VOLUNTARY SURRENDER OR EXCHANGE OF LICENSE

The holder of a license or certificate may voluntarily surrender it for:

1. Cancellation:
2. Issuance of a lower grade license; or
3. Another license with specific ratings deleted.

If the license is surrendered for a voluntary suspension, the holder may

not be required to take any theoretical examination when the said holder
desires to renew his license but must comply with the other requirements of
this Part.
An applicant requesting voluntary surrender of a license shall include
the following signed statement or its equivalent: "This request is made for my
own reasons, with full knowledge that my (insert name of license or rating, as
appropriate) may not be reissued to me unless I complete the requirements
prescribed for its issuance".

PROHIBITION ON PERFORMANCE DURING MEDICAL DEFICIENCY

A person shall not act in a capacity for which that medical certificate is
required while that person:

1. Knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make
the person unable to meet the requirements for the required medical
certificate; or

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
2. Is taking medication or receiving other treatment for a medical condition
that results in the person being unable to meet the requirements for the
required medical certificate.

PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE TESTING AND REPORTING

Any person subject to these regulations who refuses to submit to a test

to indicate the percentage by weight of alcohol in the blood or the the presence
of narcotic drugs; marijuana, or depressant or stimulant drugs or substances
in the body, when requested by a law enforcement officer or the Authority, or
refuses to furnish or to authorize the release of the test results requested by
the Authority may:

1. Be denied any license, certificate, rating, qualification, or authorization

issued under these regulations for a period of up to 1 year after the date
of that refusal; or

2. Have his or her license, certificate, rating, qualification, or authorization

issued under these regulations suspended or revoked.

Any person subject to these regulations who is convicted for the

violation of any local or national statute relating to the growing; processing,
manufacture, sale, disposition, possession, transportation, or importation of
narcotic drugs, marijuana, or depressant or stimulant drugs or substances,
may:

1. Be denied any license, certificate, rating, qualification, or authorization

issued under these regulations for a period of up to 1 year after the date
of final conviction; or

2. Have his or her license, certificate, rating, qualification, or authorization

issued under these regulations suspended or revoked.

PART 2 – PERSONNEL LICENSING

This part presents detailed requirements for the general rules of licensing and detailed
requirements for the certification of airmen, pilots, non-pilot flight crew members, and airmen,
such as mechanics, who are not flight crew. Part 2 also presents medical standards for the
granting of licenses and certification, and for the administration of medical examinations. The
licensing and medical standards are based upon ICAO Annex 1.

2.1 GENERAL

APPLICABILITY

Part 2 prescribes:

a. The requirements for issuing, renewal and re-issue of aviation personnel

licenses, ratings, Authorizations and certificates;

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
b. the conditions under which those licenses, ratings, Authorizations and
Certificates are necessary; and
c. the privileges and limitations granted to the holders of those licenses,
ratings, Authorizations and certificates

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall apply:

(1) Academic training. Training that places an emphasis on studying and

reasoning designed to enhance knowledge levels of a particular subject, rather
than to develop specific technical or practical skills.
(2) Accountable executive. The individual who has corporate authority for
ensuring that all training commitments can be financed and carried out to the
standard required by the civil aviation authority (CAA), and any additional
requirements defined by the approved training organization.
(3) Aerodynamic stall. An aerodynamic loss of lift caused by exceeding the critical
angle of attack (synonymous with the term ‘stall’).
(4) Aeroplane upset. An airplane in flight unintentionally exceeding the parameters
normally experienced in line operations or training, normally defined by the
existence of at least one of the following parameters:
(5) Aircraft certificated for single-pilot operation. A type of aircraft which the
State of Registry has determined, during the certification process, can be
operated safely with a minimum crew of one pilot.
(6) Aircraft certificated for multi-pilot operation. A type of aircraft which the
State of Registry has determined, during the certification process, can be
operated safely with a minimum crew of two pilots.
(7) Airmanship. The consistent use of good judgment and well-developed
knowledge, skills and attitudes to accomplish flight objectives.
(8) Airship. A power-driven lighter than air aircraft.
(9) Angle of Attack (AOA). Angle of attack is the angle between the oncoming air,
or relative wind, and a defined reference line on the aeroplane or wing.
(10) Approach-to-stall. Flight conditions bordered by stall warning and
aerodynamic stall.
(11) Approved training organization (ATO). An organization approved by and
operating under the supervision of a Contracting State in accordance with the
requirements of Annex 1 to perform approved training.
(12) Bridge training. Additional training designed to address shortfalls in
knowledge and skill levels so that all trainees possess the pre-requisite levels
upon which the approved training programme was designed.
(13) Commercial air transport operation. An aircraft operation involving the
transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire.
(14) Competency. A combination of skills, knowledge and attitudes required to
perform a task to the prescribed standard.
(15) Competency-based training. Training and assessment that are
characterized by a performance orientation, emphasis on standards of

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
performance and their measurement and the development of training to the
specified performance standards.
(16) Competency element. An action that constitutes a task that has a triggering
event and a terminating event that clearly defines its limits, and an observable
outcome.
(17) Competency unit. A discrete function consisting of a number of competency
elements.
(18) Complex airplane. An airplane that has retractable landing gear, flaps, and
a controllable pitch propeller; or in the case of a seaplane, flaps and a
controllable pitch propeller
(19) Conversion. Conversion is the action taken by the Republic of the Philippines
in issuing its own license on the basis of a license issued by another Contracting
State for use on aircraft registered in the Republic of the Philippines.
(20) Critical angle of attack. The angle of attack that produces the maximum
coefficient of lift beyond which an aerodynamic stall occurs.
(21) Critical system malfunctions. Aeroplane system malfunctions that place
significant demand on a proficient crew. These malfunctions should be
determined in isolation from any environmental or operational context
(22) Developing upset. Any time the aeroplane begins to unintentionally diverge
from the intended flight path or airspeed.
(23) Evidence-based training (EBT). Training and assessment based on
operational data that is characterized by developing and assessing the overall
capability of a trainee across a range of core competencies rather that by
measuring the performance of individual events or manoeuvres.
(24) Fidelity level. The level of realism assigned to each of the defined FSTD
features.
(25) First Indication of a stall. The initial aural, tactile or visual sign of an
impending stall, which can be either naturally or synthetically induced.
(26) Flight management system. An aeroplane computer system that uses a
large database to permit routes to be pre-programmed and fed into the system
by means of a data loader. The system is constantly updated with respect to
position accuracy by reference to the most appropriate navigation aids
available, which are automatically selected during the information update cycle.
(27) Flight path. The trajectory or path of an object (aeroplane) travelling through
the air over a given space of time.
(28) Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative
to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft
(29) Flight simulation training device (FSTD). A synthetic training device that
is in compliance with the minimum requirements for FSTD qualification as
described in Doc 9625.
(30) Instructional systems design (ISD). A formal process for designing
training which includes analysis, design and production, and evaluation phases.
(31) Instrument flight time. Time during which a pilot is piloting an aircraft solely
by reference to instruments and without external reference points.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(32) Instrument ground time. Time during which a pilot is practicing, on the
ground, simulated instrument flight in a synthetic flight trainer approved by the
Authority.
(33) Line-orientated flight training. Training and assessment involving a
realistic, ‘real time’, full mission simulation of scenarios that are representative
of line operations.
(34) Load factor. The ratio of a specified load to the weight of the aeroplane, the
former being expressed in terms of aerodynamic forces, propulsive forces, or
ground reactions.
(35) Manoeuvre-based training. Training that focuses on a single event or
manoeuvre in isolation.
(36) Motion turnaround bumps. A phenomenon associated with FSTD motion
actuators when their direction of travel reverses, which results in acceleration
spikes that can be felt by the pilot thus giving a false motion cue.
(37) Negative training. Training which unintentionally introduces incorrect
information or invalid concepts, which could actually decrease rather than
increase safety.
(38) On-aeroplane training. A component of a UPRT programme designed to
develop skill sets in employing effective upset prevention and recovery
strategies utilizing only suitably-capable light aeroplanes.
(39) Post-stall regime. Flight conditions at an angle of attack greater than the
critical angle of attack.
(40) Quality assurance (QA). All the planned and systematic actions necessary
to provide adequate confidence that all activities satisfy given standards and
requirements, including the ones specified by the approved training
organization in relevant manuals.
(41) Quality management. A management approach focused on the means to
achieve product or service quality objectives through the use of its four key
components: quality planning; quality control; quality assurance; and quality
improvement.
(42) Rated air traffic controller. An air traffic controller holding a license and
valid ratings appropriate to the privileges to be exercised.
(43) Route sector. A flight comprising take off, departure, cruise of not less than
15 minutes, arrival, approach and landing phases.
(44) Scenario. Part of a training module plan that consists of predetermined
manoeuvres and training events.
(45) Scenario-based training. Training that incorporates manoeuvres into real-
world experiences to cultivate practical flying skills in an operational
environment.
(46) Stall. An aerodynamic loss of lift caused by exceeding the critical angle of
attack.
(47) Stall warning. A natural or synthetic indication provided when approaching a
stall that may include one or more of the following indications:
a) aerodynamic buffeting (some airplanes will buffet more than others);
b) reduced roll stability and aileron effectiveness;

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
c) visual or aural cues and warnings;
d) reduced elevator (pitch) authority;
e) inability to maintain altitude or arrest rate of descent; and
f) stick shaker activation (if installed).
(48) Stick pusher. A device that, automatically applies a nose down movement
and pitch force to an aeroplane’s control columns, to attempt to decrease the
aeroplane’s angle of attack. Device activation may occur before or after
aerodynamic stall, depending on the aeroplane type.
(49) Stick shaker. A device that automatically vibrates the control column to warn
the pilot of an approaching stall.
(50) Synthetic flight trainer. See flight simulation training device.
(51) Threat management. The process of detecting and responding to threats
with countermeasures that reduce or eliminate the consequences of threats
and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired aeroplane states.
(52) Train-to-proficiency. Approved training designed to achieve end-state
performance objectives, providing sufficient assurances that the trained
individual is capable to consistently carry out specific tasks safely and
effectively.
(53) Transport category aeroplane. A category of airworthiness applicable to
large civil aeroplanes, which are either:
a) Turbojets with 10 or more seats or having a maximum take-off mass
(MTOM) of greater than 5 700 kg (12 566 lb); or
b) Propeller-driven aeroplanes with greater than 19 seats or a MTOM greater
than 8618 kg (19 000 lb).

ABBREVIATIONS

a. The following abbreviations are used in Part 2:

1. A – Airplane
2. ADS-B – Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
3. AIP - Aeronautical Information Publication
4. AME - Aviation Medical Examiner
5. AMS - Aviation Maintenance Specialist
6. AMT - Aviation Maintenance Technician
7. AOA – Angle of Attack
8. AS – Airship
9. ATCO - Air Traffic Controller
10. ATS - Air Traffic Control Service
11. ATSEP – Air Traffic Safety Electronic Personnel
12. ATPL - Airline Transport Pilot License
13. B – Balloon
14. CAT II/III - Category II/III
15. CNS/ATM – Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Air Traffic Management
16. CPL - Commercial Pilot License
17. CRM - Crew Resource Management

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

18. DFEE - Designated Flight Engineer Examiner

19. DFNE - Designated Flight Navigator Examiner
20. DME – Distance Measuring Equipment
21. FE - Flight Engineer
22. Fl - Flight Instructor
23. FIR – Flight Instructor Rating
24. FN - Flight Navigator
25. FOO - Flight Operations Officer
26. G – Glider
27. GBAS – Ground-Based Augmentation System
28. GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite System
29. GPS – Global Positioning System
30. IA - Inspection Authorization
31. IFR - Instrument Flight Rules
32. ILS - Instrument Landing System
33. IR – Instrument Rating
34. H – Helicopter

2.2 GENERAL LICENSING REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL

a. A license, rating, Authorization and/or certificate will be issued, renewed or re-

issued when the applicant complies with the requirements of Part 2. \
b. Privileges. A license and/or certificate holder is not permitted to exercise privileges
other than those granted by the license and/or certificate.
c. Medical fitness. An applicant for a flight crew or air traffic controller license shall
hold a medical certificate issued in accordance with the provisions of this Part.

LICENSES, RATINGS, AUTHORIZATIONS AND CERTIFICATES

The following licenses are issued under this Part to an applicant who satisfactorily
accomplishes the requirements in this Part for the license sought:

a. Pilot licenses:
1. Private pilot license (PPL);
2. Commercial pilot license (CPL);
3. Airline Transport pilot license (ATPL);
4. Multi-crew Pilot License (MPL);
5. Glider pilot license; and
6. Free balloon pilot license.
b. Flight engineer license.
c. Flight navigator license.
d. Aviation maintenance technician license (AMT).
e. Aviation maintenance specialist license (AMS).
f. Air traffic controller license (ATCO).

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

g. Flight operations officer (Flight Dispatcher) license;

h. Aeronautical station operator.
i. Air Traffic Safety Electronic Personnel (ATSEP)

RATINGS

a. The following ratings are placed on a pilot license when an applicant satisfactorily
accomplishes the requirements in this Part for the rating sought:
1. Category ratings in the following aircraft:
(i) Airplane
(ii) Helicopter
(iii) Glider
(iv) Free Balloon
2. Class ratings in the following aircraft:
(i) Single-engine land - airplane
(ii) Single-engine sea - airplane
(iii) Multi-engine land - airplane
(iv) Multi-engine sea- airplane
(v) A class rating may be issued for those helicopters certificated for single-
pilot Operations and which have comparable handling, performance and
other characteristics.
3. Type ratings in the following aircraft:
(i) Each type of aircraft certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at
least two pilots;
(ii) Each type of helicopter certificated for single-pilot except where a class
rating has been established under (a)(2)(v); and
(iii) Any aircraft considered necessary by the Authority.
4. Instrument ratings in the following aircraft:
(i) Instrument — Airplane
(ii) Instrument — Helicopter
5. Instructor ratings:
(i) Flight instructors
(ii) Instructors for additional class/type/instrument ratings
(iii) Ground Instructor
b. The following ratings are placed on a flight engineer's license when an applicant
satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements in this Part for the rating sought:
1. Type rating
2. Instructor rating
c. The following ratings are placed on an air traffic controller license when an
applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements in this Part for the rating
sought:
1. Aerodrome control rating;
2. Approach control rating;
3. Approach radar control rating;
4. Approach precision radar control rating;

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
5. Area control rating; and
6. Area radar control rating.
d. The following ratings are placed on an aviation maintenance technician license
when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements:
1. Airframe
2. Powerplant
3. Airframe and Powerplant

AUTHORIZATIONS

a. The following Authorizations are issued when an applicant satisfactorily

accomplishes the requirements in this Part for the Authorization sought:
1. Student pilot Authorization
2. Examiner Authorization
b. The following Authorizations are placed on a license when an applicant
satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements in this Part for the Authorization
sought:
1. Category II pilot Authorization
2. Category III pilot Authorization
3. Inspection Authorization

CERTIFICATES

a. The following certificates are issued when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes

the requirements in this Part for the certificate sought:
1. Medical certificate Class 1 for CPL, ATPL, Flight engineer and Flight navigator
license
2. Medical certificate of Class 2 for PPL, Glider, Free balloon pilot
3. Medical certificate Class 3 for Air traffic controller license
4. Validation certificates

MEDICAL FITNESS

a. The Authority shall apply, as part of its State safety programme, basic safety
management principles to the medical assessment process of license holders, that
as a minimum include:
1. routine analysis of in-flight incapacitation events and medical findings during
medical assessments to identify areas of increased medical risk; and
2. continuous re-evaluation of the medical assessment process to concentrate on
identified areas of increased medical risk.

VALIDITY OF LICENSES, RATINGS, AUTHORIZATIONS AND CERTIFICATES

a. The privileges granted by a license, or by related ratings, may not be exercised

unless the holder maintains competency and meets the requirements for recent
experience of this Part.
1. Maintenance of competency and recent experience requirements for pilot
licenses and ratings shall be based on a systematic approach to accident
prevention and should include a risk assessment process and analysis

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

2. Maintenance of competency shall be indicated in the airman's personal license

or record (e.g. logbook).
b. The validity period of the ratings, Authorizations and medical certificates and the
renewal/re-issue conditions are indicated in the relevant Subparts of Part 2.
c. Renewal of a license will take place within the validity period after initial issue of a
rating, provided the ratings related to the license and the medical certificate are
valid.

VALIDATION OF FLIGHT CREW LICENSES

a. A person who holds a current and valid pilot license issued by another Contracting
State in accordance with ICAO Annex 1 may apply for a validation of such license
for use on aircraft registered in the Republic of the Philippines.
b. A validation certificate with PPL/IR. CPL. CPL/IR. ATPL or FE privileges, based upon
the relevant license, will be issued provided the following requirements are met.
1. The applicant for the validation certificate shall present to the Authority the
foreign license and evidence of the experience required by presenting the
record (e.g. logbook).
2. The validation certificate will be valid for one year, provided the foreign license
or in the case of a continuing license the rating/medical certificate remains
valid.
3. Ratings will only be validated together with the validation of a license.
4. The applicant for the validation certificate shall:
(i) hold a current medical certificate issued under Part 2 or a current medical
certificate issued by the Contracting State that issued the applicant's pilot
license provided that the foreign medical certificate meets the requirements
of Part 2, relevant to the license held;
(ii) complete a skill test for the relevant ratings in the license that he or she
wants to be validated relevant to the privileges of the license held;
(iii) demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Authority the knowledge relevant to
the license to be validated of:
A. Air Law;
B. Aeronautical Weather codes;
C. Flight Performance and Planning; and
D. Human Performance.
E. Demonstrate a knowledge and comprehension of the English language
as required by subpart 2.3.7
F. While exercising the privileges of his license, a valid medical certificate,
the license on which the validation is based and the certificate of
validation shall be carried; and
G. Comply with the experience requirements set out in the table below:

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

License Experience Validation Privileges

1 500 hours as PIC in multi- Commercial air transport in
ATPL (A)
pilot certificated airplanes multi-pilot airplanes as PIC
1 000 hours as PIC on multi- Commercial air transport in
ATPL (H) pilot helicopters multi-pilot helicopters as PIC

Commercial air transport in

500 hours as PIC or co-pilot
ATPL (A) or CPL(A)/IR with multi-pilot airplanes as co-
on multi-pilot airplanes
ATPL (A) knowledge pilot

Commercial air transport in

ATPL (H) or CPL(H)/IR with 500 hours as PIC or co-pilot
multi-pilot helicopters as co-
ATPL (H) knowledge on multi-pilot helicopters
pilot

1 000 hours as PIC in

Commercial air transport in
commercial air transport
CPL (A)/IR single-pilot airplanes as PIC
since gaining an IR

1 000 hours as PIC in Commercial air transport in

commercial air transport single-pilot helicopters as
CPL (H)/IR
since gaining an IR PIC

700 hours in airplanes other

than gliders, including 200
Activities in helicopters other
hours in the activity role for
than commercial air
CPL (A) which validation is sought,
transport
and 50 hours in the role in
the last 12 months

700 hours in helicopters

including 200 hours in the Activities in helicopters other
CPL (H) activity role for which than commercial air
validation is sought, and 50 transport
hours in the role in the last
12 months.
100 hours PIC instrument
PPL A / IR Private flights under IFR
flight time

1 500 hours as flight

Commercial air transport in
Flight engineer engineer on airplanes in
airplanes as flight engineer
commercial air transport

1 000 hours flight engineer Other than commercial air

Flight engineer on airplanes in other than transport in airplanes as
commercial air transport flight engineer

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MILITARY COMPETENCE SPECIAL RULES

MILITARY PILOTS
The holder of a military pilot license (or certificate) who meets the requirements of IS 2.2.5
may apply, on the basis of his or her military training, for:

a. a CPL;
b. a rating in the category and class of aircraft for which that military pilot is qualified;
c. an instrument rating with the appropriate category rating for which that military
pilot is qualified; and a type rating, if appropriate.

TRAINING AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS

APPROVED TRAINING
a. CAR Part 3 prescribes the requirements for certifying and administering Approved
Training Organizations for conducting approved training.
b. The approval of a training organization by the Authority shall be dependent upon
the applicant demonstrating compliance with the requirements of CAR Part 3.

USE OF FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES (FSTD)

a. Depending on the purpose (training, testing or checking) and on the type of license
or rating sought (PPL, CPL, ATPL, MPL, IR, TR, MER, FIR) one or more of seven
device types may be used. The device types differ in terms of fidelity of the 3
simulator feature categories, aircraft simulation, cueing simulation and
environment simulation.
b. For the purpose of UPRT, which includes stall and engine and airframe icing,
additional fidelities of the simulator feature aerodynamic flight and engine model,
flight controls and forces, motion cueing and the IOS are required.

2.3 PILOT LICENSES, CATEGORIES, RATINGS AND AUTHORIZATIONS

AUTHORITY TO ACT AS A FLIGHT CREW MEMBER

a. A person shall not act as a flight crew member unless a valid license or a validation
certificate is held showing compliance with the specifications of this Part
b. No person may act as the PIC or co-pilot of an aircraft unless that person holds
the appropriate category, class and type rating for the aircraft to be flown.
c. A person shall not act as a flight crew member unless a valid license or a validation
certificate is held that has been issued by the State of Registry of that aircraft or
by any other Contracting State and rendered valid by the state of registry of that
aircraft.

CREDITING OF FLIGHT TIME

a. A student pilot or the holder of a pilot license shall be entitled to be credited in full
with all solo, dual instruction and pilot-in-command flight time towards the total

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
flight time required for the initial issue of a pilot license or the issue of a higher
grade of pilot license.
b. The holder of a pilot license, when acting as co-pilot at a pilot station of an aircraft
certificated for operation by a single pilot but required by a Contracting State to be
operated with a co-pilot, shall be entitled to be credited with not more than 50
percent of the co-pilot flight time towards the total flight time required for a higher
grade of pilot license. The Authority may authorize that flight time be credited in
full towards the total flight time required, provided the aircraft is equipped to be
operated by a co-pilot and the aircraft is operated in a multi-pilot crew operation.
c. The holder of a pilot license, when acting as pilot-in-command under supervision,
shall be entitled to be credited in full with this flight time towards the total flight
time required for a higher grade of pilot license.

LIMITATION OF PRIVILEGES OF PILOTS WHO HAVE ATTAINED THEIR 60TH BIRTHDAY

a. No person who holds a pilot license under this Part shall serve as pilot-in-command
on a Philippine-registered civil aircraft engaged in international commercial air
transport in a single pilot operation if that person reached 60th year of age.
b. No person who holds a pilot license issued under this Part shall serve as a pilot-in-
command on a Philippine-registered civil aircraft engaged in commercial air
transport in a multi-crew operation if that person reached 60th year of age unless
the other pilot is younger than 60 years of age.

CURTAILMENT OF PRIVILEGES OF PILOTS WHO HAVE ATTAINED THEIR 65TH AND 67TH
BIRTHDAY

a. No person who holds a pilot license under this Part shall serve as pilot-in-command
or as co-pilot on a Philippine-registered civil aircraft engaged in international
commercial air transport if that person has reached 65th years of age.
b. No person who holds a pilot license under this Part shall serve as pilot-in-command
or as co-pilot on a Philippine-registered civil aircraft engaged in domestic
commercial air transport if that person has reached 67th years of age.
c. No person under this Part shall be granted any flexibility in meeting the medical
qualifications under any circumstances or medical conditions if that person has
reached 65th years of age.
d. Any person beyond 67 years of age who holds a pilot license and a valid medical
certificate under this Part may be allowed to fly as a pilot-in-command or co-pilot
provided the flight is not in pursuance of commercial air transport operations,
singly or collectively, and a mandatory CAAP medical examination every six (6)
months is complied with.

PRIVATE PILOT LICENSE – AIRPLANE

a. Age. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall be not less than 17 years of age.
b. Knowledge. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall:

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
1. Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the following
subjects:
(i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a PPL(A); rules of
the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures
(ii) Aircraft general knowledge:
A. Principles of operation of airplane powerplants, systems and
instruments;
B. Operating limitations of airplanes and powerplants: relevant operational
information from the flight manual or other appropriate document;
(iii) Flight performance and planning
(iv) Human performance: human performance relevant to the PPL(A)
(v) Meteorology: application of elementary aeronautical meteorology; use
of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information; altimetry
(vi) Navigation: practical aspects of air navigation and dead-reckoning
techniques; use of aeronautical charts
(vii) Operational procedures
(viii) Principles of flight: principles of flight relating to airplanes;
(ix) Radiotelephony
2. have received an endorsement for the knowledge test from an authorized
instructor who:
(i) conducted the training on the knowledge subjects;
(ii) certifies that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test; and
3. pass the required knowledge test on the knowledge areas required
c. Experience
1. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall have completed not less than 40 hours of flight
time as pilot of airplanes, a total of 5 hours may have been completed in a
flight simulator or flight procedures trainer.
2. The applicant shall have completed in airplanes not less than 10 hours of solo
flight time under the supervision of an authorized flight instructor, including
5hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least one cross-country flight
totaling not less than 270 km (150 nm) in the course of which full-stop landings
at two difference aerodromes shall be made.
3. The holder of pilot licenses in other categories may be credited with 10 hours
of the total flight time as pilot-in-command towards a PPL(A).
d. Flight Instruction
1. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall receive and log not less than 20 hours of dual
instruction from an authorized instructor on the subjects listed. These 20 hours
may include 5 hours completed in a flight simulator or flight procedures trainer.
The 20 hours of dual instruction shall include at least 5hours of solo cross-
country flight time with at least one cross-country flight totaling not less than
270 km (150 NM) in the course of which full-stop landings at two different
aerodromes shall be made.
2. The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in at
least the following areas to the level of performance required for the private
pilot:

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(i) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance determination, airplane
inspection and servicing;
(ii) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision avoidance precautions
and procedures;
(iii) control of the airplane by external visual reference;
(iv) flight at critically slow airspeeds; recognition of, and recovery from,
incipient and full stalls;
(v) flight at critically high airspeeds; recognition of, and recovery from, spiral
dives,
(vi) normal and cross-wind take-offs and landings;
(vii) maximum performance (short field and obstacle clearance take-offs,
short field landings;
(viii) flight by reference solely to instruments, including the completion of a
level180 degrees turn:
(ix) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead reckoning and, where
available, radio navigation aids;
(x) emergency operations, including simulated airplane equipment
malfunctions; and
(xi) operations to, from and transmitting controlled aerodromes, compliance
with air traffic services procedures, radiotelephony procedures and
phraseology as further specified in IS 2.3.3.2 Appendix B.
e. Skill. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall:
1. have received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies that
the person is prepared for the required skill test; and
2. have demonstrated by passing a skill test the ability to perform as pilot in-
command of an airplane, the areas of operation described in IS 2.3.3.2
Appendix B, with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted
to the holder of a PPL(A)
f. Medical fitness. The applicant for a PPL (A) shall hold a current Class 2 Medical
Certificate.
g. Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
privileges of the holder of a PPL (A) shall be to act, but not for remuneration, as
pilot in-command or co-pilot of any airplane engaged in non-revenue flights.
h. Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
validity period of the license is 5 years. For renewal of the license see 2.2.3.

COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE – AIRPLANE

a. Age. The applicant for a CPL (A) shall be not less than 18 years of age.
b. Knowledge. The applicant for a CPL (A) shall
(1) receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the following
subjects:
(i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a CPL (A); rules of
the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures
(ii) Aircraft general knowledge
(iii) Flight performance and planning

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(iv) Human performance: human performance relevant to the CPL (A)
(v) Meteorology:
(vi) Navigation
(vii) Operation procedures
(viii)Principles of flight: principles of flight relating to airplanes, and upset
prevention and recovery elements from IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix C
(ix) Radiotelephony
c. Experience.
1. The applicant for a CPL(A) shall have completed not less than 200 hours of
flight time, or 150 hours if completed during an Authority-approved training
course provided for in an Approved Training Organization under Part 3, as a
pilot of airplanes, of which 10 hours may have been completed in a flight
simulator or flight procedures trainer.
2. The applicant shall have completed in airplanes not less than:
(i) 100 hours as pilot-in-command or, in the case of a course of approved
training, 70 hours as pilot-in-command;
(ii) 20 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot-in-command including a
cross country flight totaling not less than 540 km (300 NM) in the course
of which full-stop landings at two different aerodromes shall be made:
(iii) 10 hours of instrument instruction time of which not more than 5 hours
may be instrument ground time;
(iv) if the privileges of the license are to be exercised at night, 5 hours of
night flight time including 5 take-offs and 5 landings as pilot-in-command.
3. The holder of a pilot license in another category may be credited towards the
200 hours of flight time as follows:
(i) 10 hours as PIC in a category other than helicopters; or
(ii) 30 hours as pilot-in-command holding a PPL(H) on helicopters; or
(iii) 100 hours as pilot-in-command holding a CPL(H) on helicopters.
4. The applicant for a CPL(A) shall hold a PPL(A) issued under this Part.
d. Flight Instruction.
1. The applicant for a CPL(A) shall receive and log not less than 25 hours of dual
instruction from an authorized instructor. These 25 hours may include 5 hours
completed in a flight simulator or flight procedures trainer.
2. The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in at
least the following areas to the level of performance required for the
commercial pilot:
(i) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance determination, airplane
inspection and servicing; aerodrome and traffic pattern operations,
collision avoidance precautions and procedures;
(ii) control of the airplane by external visual reference;
(iii) upset prevention training including flight at critically slow airspeeds,
recognition of, and recovery from, incipient and full stalls, and on-airplane
upset recovery training as specified in IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix C;
(iv) flight at critically high airspeeds; recognition of, and recovery from, spiral
dives;

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(v) normal and cross-wind take-offs and landings;
(vi) maximum performance (short field and obstacle clearance take-offs,
short field landings;
(vii) basic flight maneuvers and recovery from unusual attitudes by reference
solely to basic flight instruments;
(viii) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead reckoning and radio
navigation aids; diversion procedures
(ix) abnormal and emergency procedures and maneuvers; and
(x) operations to, from and transmitting controlled aerodromes, compliance
with air traffic services procedures, radiotelephony procedures and
phraseology as further specified in IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix B.
3. If the privileges of the CPL (A) are to be exercised at night, the applicant shall
have received 4 hours dual instruction in airplanes in night flying, including
take-offs, landings and 1 hour of navigation.
4. For airplane instructor ratings, have completed on-airplane recovery training
as specified in IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix C.
5. For Flight Instructor (FI), have completed on-airplane upset prevention and
recovery training as specified in IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix C.
e. Skill. The applicant for a CPL(A) shall:
(1) have received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies that
the person is prepared for the required skill test; and
(2) shall have demonstrated by passing a skill test the ability to perform as pilot-
in command of an airplane, the areas of operation described in IS 2.3.3.3
Appendix B, with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted
to the holder of a CPL(A),
f. Medical fitness. The applicant for a CPL (A) shall hold a current Class 1 Medical
Certificate.
g. Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
privileges of the holder of a CPL(A) shall be:
(1) to exercise all the privileges of the holder of a PPL(A);
(2) to act as pilot-in-command in any airplane engaged in operations other than
commercial air transportation;
(3) to act as pilot-in-command in commercial air transportation in any airplane
certificated for single-pilot operation; and
(4) to act as co-pilot in commercial air transportation in airplanes required to be
operated with a copilot.
h. Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
validity period of the license is Five (5) year.

AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENSE – AIRPLANE

a. Age. The applicant for an ATPL (A) shall be not less than 21 years of age.
b. Knowledge. The applicant for an ATPL (A) shall:
1. Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the following
subjects:

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a ATPL(A); rules
of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures
(ii) Aircraft general knowledge
(iii) Flight performance and planning
(iv) Human performance: human performance relevant to the ATPL(A)
(v) Meteorology
(vi) Navigation
(vii) Operational procedures
(viii) Principles of flight
(ix) Radiotelephony
c. Experience.
1. The applicant for an ATPL (A) shall have completed not less than 1,500 hours
of flight time as a pilot of airplanes of which a maximum of 100 hours may
have been completed in a flight simulator. The applicant shall have completed
in airplanes not less than:
(i) 250 hours, either as pilot-in-command, or made up by not less than 100
hours as pilot-in-command and the necessary additional flight time as co-
pilot performing, under the supervision of the pilot-in-command, the
duties and functions of a pilot-in-command; provided that the method of
supervision employed is acceptable to the Authority;
(ii) 200 hours of cross-country flight time, of which not less than 100 hours
shall be as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot performing, under the
supervision of the pilot-in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-
in-command, provided that the method of supervision employed is
acceptable to the Authority;
(iii) 75 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 30 hours may be
instrument ground time; and
(iv) 100 hours of night flight as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot.
2. Holders of a CPL(H) will be credited with 50% of their helicopter flight time as
pilot-in-command towards the flight time required in paragraph (1) above.
3. The applicant shall have completed a CRM course on the subjects required.
4. The applicant for an ATPL(A) shall be the holder of a CPL(A) with instrument
and multi-engine rating issued under this Part.
5. Holders of MPL (A) shall have completed not less than:
(i) 3,000 hours as pilot of airplanes of which a maximum of 100 hours may
have been completed in a flight simulator. The applicant shall have
completed in airlines not less than:
A. 350 hours of pilot-in-command, or made up of not less than 10 hours
as pilot-in-command and the necessary additional flight time as co-
pilot performing under the supervision of pilot-in-command, the
duties and functions of pilot-in-command.
B. The applicant shall complete not less than 150 hours as pilot-in-
command during Supervised Line Flying.
d. Flight Instruction. The applicant for an ATPL(A) shall have received the dual flight
instruction required for the issue of the CPL(A) and the IR.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
e. Skill. The applicant for an ATPL(A) shall:
f. Medical fitness. The applicant for an ATPL(A) shall hold a current Class 1 Medical
Certificate, except for:
g. Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
privileges of the holder of an ATPL(A) shall be:
(1) to exercise all the privileges of the holder of a PPL(A) and CPL(A) and of an
IR(A); and
(2) to act as pilot-in-command and co-pilot in airplanes in air transportation.
(3) if authorized under this CAR, holder of an ATPL may instruct other pilots in air
transportation service in aircraft or approved simulator training device of the
category, class and type for which he is rated. To do so, he must be familiar
with the operating procedures of the company for which he is providing pilot
instruction. However, he may not instruct for more than 8 hours in one day,
and not more than 36 hours in any 7-day period. He may instruct under this
section only in aircraft with functioning dual controls. Unless he has a valid
flight instructor license, an airline transport pilot may instruct only as provided
in this section.
h. Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
validity period of the license is 5 years.

INSTRUMENT RATING – AIRPLANE

a. General. The holder of a pilot license shall not act either as pilot-in-command or
as copilot of an aircraft under instrument flight rules (IFR) unless such holder has
received proper Authorization from the Authority. Proper Authorization shall
comprise an instrument rating appropriate to the aircraft category.
b. Knowledge. The applicant for an IR (A) shall:
1. Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the following
subjects:
(i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to flight under IFR: related air
traffic services practices and procedures;
(ii) Aircraft general knowledge
(iii) Flight performance and planning
(iv) Human performance
(v) Meteorology
(vi) Navigation
(vii) Operational procedures
(viii) Principles of flight
(ix) Radiotelephony
c. Experience.
1. The applicant for an IR (A) shall hold at least a PPL (A).
2. The applicant shall have completed not less than:
(i) 50 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot-in-command of aircraft in
categories acceptable to the Authority, of which not less than 10 hours
shall be in airplanes; and

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(ii) 40 hours of instrument time in airplanes or helicopters of which not more
than 20 hours, or 30 hours where a flight simulator is used, may be
instrument ground time. The ground time shall be under the supervision
of an authorized instructor.
3. Flight Instruction.
(i) The applicant for an IR (A) shall have not less than 10 hours of the
instrument flight time required in (c)(2)(ii) while receiving and logging
dual instruction in airplanes from an authorized flight instructor, on the
subjects listed in IS 2.3.3.6 Appendix B.
d. Skill. The applicant for an IR (A) shall:
1. have received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies that
the person is prepared for the required skill test; and
2. have demonstrated by passing a skill test the ability to perform the areas of
operation described in IS 2.3.3.6 Appendix B, with a degree of competency
appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of an IR (A)
e. Medical fitness. Applicants who hold a PPL shall have established their hearing
acuity on the basis of compliance with the hearing requirements for the issue of a
Class 1 Medical Certificate.
f. Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
privileges of the holder of an IR(A) shall be to pilot airplanes under IFR.
g. Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
validity period of an IR (A) is 5 years.

INSTRUCTOR RATINGS - AIRPLANE AND HELICOPTER

a. General. The applicant for an instructor rating or Authorization - airplane or helicopter,

shall
1. hold at least the license and rating for which instruction is being given, in the
appropriate category; and
2. hold the license and rating necessary to act as the pilot-in-command of the aircraft on
which the instruction is given; or
3. hold a specific Authorization granted by the Authority.
4. for airplane instructor ratings, have completed on-airplane recovery training as
specified in IS 2.3.3.3 Appendix C.
5. for Flight Instructor (FI), have completed on-airplane upset prevention and recovery
training as specified
b. Flight Instructors
1. Age. The applicant for a flight instructor rating (FI) shall be not less than 18 years of
age.
2. Knowledge
(i) The applicant for an Fl rating shall have met the knowledge requirements for the
issue of a CPL as specified in Subparts 2.3.3.3 and 2.3.3.7, as applicable.
c. Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part,
d. Instructor rating for additional type ratings.
e. Instructor Authorization for synthetic flight training.

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
f. Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the validity
period of instructor ratings and Authorization is five (5) years.
g. Renewal.
1. For the renewal of an Fl rating the applicant shall:
(i) have conducted at least 30 hours of flight instruction within the 12 months
preceding the expiry date; or
(ii) within the preceding 24 calendar months complete a proficiency check on the
subjects listed in IS: 2.3.3.11 Appendix A or B, as applicable.
2. For the renewal of an instructor rating for additional class ratings the applicant shall:
(i) have conducted at least 30 hours of flight instruction within the 12 months
preceding the expiry date; or
(ii) within the preceding 24 calendar months complete a proficiency check on the
subjects listed in IS: 2.3.3.11 Appendix A.
3. For the renewal of an instructor rating for additional type ratings the applicant shall:
(i) have conducted one simulator session of at least 3 hours or one air exercise of
at least 1 hour of a type rating course in the preceding 12 months; and
(ii) within the preceding 24 calendar months complete a proficiency check on the
subjects listed in IS: 2.3.3.11 Appendix C.
4. For the renewal of an instructor Authorization for synthetic flight training the applicant
shall:
(i) have conducted one simulator session of at least 3 hours of a type rating course
in the preceding 12 months.
5. If an instructor takes the proficiency check required in this section in the calendar
month before or the calendar month after the month in which it is due, the instructor
is considered to have taken it in the month in which it was due for the purpose of
computing when the next proficiency check is due
h. Re-issue. If the instructor rating or Authorization has been expired the applicant shall:
(1) have received refresher training from an authorized instructor with an endorsement
that the person is prepared for the required skill test; and
(2) pass the required skill test on the subjects listed in IS 2.3.3.11 Appendix A, B or C, as
applicable.

GLIDER PILOT LICENSE

(a) Age. The applicant for a glider pilot license shall be not less than 16 years of age.
(b) Knowledge. The applicant for a glider pilot license shall:
(1) receive training on the knowledge subjects:
(i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a glider pilot license;
rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;
(ii) Aircraft general knowledge
(iii) Flight performance and planning
(iv) Human performance: human performance relevant to the glider pilot;
(v) Meteorology: application of elementary aeronautical meteorology; use of,
and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information; altimetry;
(vi) Navigation: practical aspects of air navigation and dead-reckoning
techniques, use of aeronautical charts;

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(vii) Operation procedures
(viii) Principles of flight: principles of flight relating to gliders
(2) pass the required knowledge test.
(c) Experience.
1. The applicant shall have completed not less than 6 hours of flight time as a pilot
of gliders including 2 hours' solo flight time during which not less than 20 launches
and landings have been performed.
2. The holder of a pilot license in the airplane category may be credited with three
hours towards the six (6) hours of flight time required for the glider license.
(d) Skill. The applicant for a glider pilot license shall have demonstrated by passing the
required skill test the ability to perform as pilot-in-command of a glider, the procedures
and maneuvers described in (c) with a degree of competency appropriate to the
privileges granted to the holder of a glider pilot license, and to:
(1) operate the glider within its limitations;
(2) complete all maneuvers with smoothness and accuracy;
(3) exercise good judgment and airmanship;
(4) apply aeronautical knowledge; and
(5) Maintain control of the glider at all times in a manner such that the successful
outcome of a procedure or maneuver is never seriously in doubt.
(e) Medical fitness. The applicant of a glider pilot license shall holder a current Class 2
Medical Certificate.
(f) Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the
privileges of the holder of a glider pilot license shall be to act as pilot-in-command of
any glider provided that the license holder has operational experience in the launching
method used.
(g) Validity of the license. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this
Part, the validity period of the license is 5 years.

FREE BALLOON PILOT LICENSE

(a) Age. The applicant for a free balloon pilot license shall be not less than 16 years of
age.
(b) Knowledge. The applicant for a free balloon pilot license shall:
(1) receive training on the following knowledge subjects:
(i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a free balloon pilot
license; rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and
procedures;
(ii) Aircraft general knowledge
(iii) Flight performance and planning
(iv) Human performance: human performance relevant to the free balloon pilot;
(v) Meteorology: application of elementary aeronautical meteorology; use of.
And procedures for obtaining, meteorological information; altimetry;
(vi) Navigation: practical aspects of air navigation and dead-reckoning
techniques; use of aeronautical charts;
(vii) Operation procedures
(viii) Principles of flight: principles of flight relating to gliders

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(ix) Radiotelephony: the applicant should have demonstrated a level of
knowledge appropriate to the privileges to be granted to the holder of a free
balloon pilot license, in radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as
appropriate to VFR operations and on action to be taken in case of
communication failure;
(2) pass the required knowledge test.

(c) Experience.
1. The applicant shall have completed not less than 16 hours of flight time as a pilot
of free balloons including at least 8 launches and ascents of which one must be
solo.
2. The applicant for a free balloon pilot license shall have gained in free balloons
under appropriate supervision operational experience.
3. If the privileges of the license are to be exercised at night, the applicant shall have
gained, under appropriate supervision, operational experience in free balloons in
night flying.
(d) Skill. The applicant for a free balloon pilot license shall have demonstrated by passing
the required skill test the ability to perform as pilot-in-command of a free balloon, the
procedures and maneuvers described in (c) with a degree of competency appropriate
to the privileges granted to the holder of a free balloon pilot license, and to:
(e) Medical fitness. The applicant for a free balloon pilot license shall hold a current Class
2 Medical Certificate.
(f) Privileges
1. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the privileges
of the holder of a free balloon pilot license shall be to act as a pilot-in-command
of any free balloon provided that the license holder has operational experience in
hot air or gas balloons, as appropriate.
2. Before exercising the privileges at night, the license holder shall have complied
with the requirements as specified in (c) (3).
(g) Validity of the license. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this
Part, the validity period of the license is 5 years.

2.6 AVIATION MAINTENANCE LICENSING

GENERAL

APPLICABILITY
a. Subpart 2.6 prescribes the requirements for issuing the following licenses and
associated ratings and/or authorizations for:
1. Aviation Maintenance Technician (AMT)
2. Aviation Maintenance Specialist (AMS)

ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS: GENERAL

a. An applicant for an AMT license and any associated rating shall

1. Be at least 18 years of age;

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
2. Demonstrate the ability to read, write, speak, and understand the English
language by reading and explaining appropriate maintenance publications and
by writing defect and repair statements;
3. Comply with the knowledge, experience, and competency requirements
prescribed for the license and rating sought; and
4. Pass all of the prescribed tests for the license and rating sought, within a period
of 24 months.
b. A licensed AMT who applies for an additional rating must meet the requirements
of Subpart 2.6.2.6 and, within a period of 24 months, pass the tests prescribed by
Subparts 2.6.2.5 and 2.6.2.7 for the additional rating sought.

RATINGS

a. The following ratings are issued under this subpart:

1. Airframe
2. Powerplant
3. Airframe and Powerplant

KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RATINGS

a. The applicant for an airframe rating shall pass a knowledge test covering at least
the following areas:
(1) Airframe Maintenance practices and materials
(2) Airframe systems and structures-fixed wing
(3) Airframe systems and structures-rotary wing
(4) Systems and structures
b. The applicant for a powerplant rating shall pass a knowledge test covering at least
the following areas:
(1) Piston engines
(2) Propellers
(3) Gas turbine engines
(4) Fuel systems
c. The applicant shall pass each section of the test before applying for the oral and
practical tests prescribed by the Authority.

DURATION OF THE LICENSE

a. The duration of the AMT license is (5) years.

b. The holder of a license with an expiration date may not, after that date, exercise
the privileges of that license.
c. The license shall remain valid as long as the holder thereof maintains his/her
competency.

AMS RATINGS

a. The following ratings are issued under this subpart:

1. Limited Airframe:
(i) Fixed wing
(ii) Rotary wing

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(iii) Aircraft Systems, Hydraulics
(iv) Aircraft Systems, Pneumatics
(v) Aircraft Emergency and Safety Equipment
(vi) Aircraft Structures, Sheet metal
(vii) Aircraft Structures, Composites
(viii) Aircraft Structures, Woodwork/Fabric

2. Limited Powerplant:
(i) Piston
(ii) Propellers
(iii) Turbine
(iv) Fuel Systems
3. Avionics
(i) Electrical
(ii) Instruments
(iii) AFCS Fixed wing
(iv) AFCS Rotary wing
(v) Navigation
(vi) Radio
4. Specialized Services
(i) Welding
(ii) Non-destructive testing
b. At no instance shall an AMS license be issued a Specialized Service rating in which
the AMO has not been issued.
c. Ratings for an applicant employed by an AMO shall coincide with the approved
specific operating provisions and the approved maintenance procedures manual
that identifies the AMO’s authorizations limited to the specific job for which the
person is employed to perform, supervise, or sign a maintenance release.

DURATION OF THE LICENSE

a. The duration of the AMS license is (5) years.

b. The holder of a license with an expiration date may not, after that date, exercise
the privileges of that license
c. Licenses shall remain valid as long as the holders thereof maintain their
competency.

2.7 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER LICENSES, CATEGORIES AND RATINGS

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER LICENSE

(a) Age. The applicant for an air traffic controller license shall be not less than 21 years
of age.
(b) Medical fitness. The applicant for an air traffic controller license shall hold a current
Class 3 Medical Certificate.
(c) Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirement specified in this Part, the
validity period of the license is five (5) years.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER CATEGORIES/RATINGS

a. Air traffic controller ratings shall comprise the following categories:

(1) aerodrome control rating;
(2) approach control rating;
(3) approach radar control rating;
(4) approach precision radar control rating;
(5) area control rating; and
(6) area radar control rating.

2.8 FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER LICENSE

2.9 AERONAUTICAL STATION OPERATOR LICENSES

2.10 MEDICAL PROVISIONS FOR LICENSING

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES

a. The medical certificate shall be in a form and manner prescribed by the Authority.
The items required on the license are indicated in IS: 2.10.1.8.
b. Issue of medical certificates
1. A medical certificate will be issued to any person who meets the medical
requirements prescribed in this Subpart, based on medical examination and
evaluation of the applicant's history and condition.
(i) The Authority will issue the Class 1 medical certificate.
(ii) The issue of Class 2 and 3 medical certificates may be delegated to the
authorized Aviation Medical Examiner.
2. Each person to be issued a medical certificate shall undergo a medical
examination based on the physical and mental requirements contained in this
Subpart.
3. Any person who does not meet the medical requirements of this Subpart may
apply for the discretionary issuance of a certificate under Subpart 2.10.1.5.
c. Validity:
1. The validity period of the medical certificate is:
(i) 6 months for the Class 1 for ATPL.
(ii) 12 months for CPL, MPL, flight engineer license, flight navigator license
and FOO license.
(iii) 24 months for the Class 2 for the PPL, SPL, glider pilot license and free
balloon pilot license; and Class 3 for air traffic controller license.
(iv) When the holders have passed their 40th birthday:
A. the 12-month interval specified for CPL, MPL, flight engineer license
and flight navigator license will be reduced to 6 months; and
B. the 24-month interval specified for the PPL, SPL, glider pilot license,
free balloon pilot license and air traffic controller license will be
reduced to 12 months.
(v) The period of validity of a medical certificate may be extended, at the
discretion of the Licensing Authority, up to 45 days.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Part 3 – APPROVED TRAINING ORGANIZATIONS

This part prescribes the requirements governing the certification of Aviation Training
Organization.

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall apply:

1. Accountable manager. The manager who has corporate Authority for ensuring
that all training commitments can be financed and carried out to the standard
required by the Authority and any additional requirements defined by the ATO.

2. Procedures manual. A manual containing procedures, instructions and guidance

for use by personnel of the Aviation Training Organization in the execution of
their duties in meeting the requirements of the certificate.

3. Quality manager. The manager, acceptable to the Authority, responsible for the
management of the Quality system, monitoring function and requesting
corrective actions.

4. Training manual. A manual containing the training goals, objectives, standards

syllabi, and curriculum for each phase of the approved training course. ICAO Doc
7192, Part D-1.

5. Training specifications. A document issued to an Aviation Training Organization

certificate holder by the Republic of the Philippines that specifies training
program requirements and authorizes the conduct of training, checking, and
testing with any limitations thereof.

ABBREVIATIONS

(1) A – Airplane

(2) AMT – Aviation Maintenance Technician

(3) ATCO – Air Traffic Controller

(4) ATO – Aviation Training Organization

(5) ATPL – Airline Transport Pilot License

(6) CFI – Chief Flight Instructor

(7) CGI – Chief Ground Instructor

(8) CPL – Commercial Pilot License

(9) CRM – Crew Resource Management

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(10) FE – Flight Engineer

(11) H – Helicopter

(12) IFR – Instrument Flight Rules

(13) ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization

(14) MMEL – Master Minimum Equipment List

(15) PIC – Pilot-in-Command

(16) PPL – Private Pilot License

(17) RT – Radiotelephony

(18) VFR – Visual Flight Rules

CERTIFICATION AND LOCATION REQUIREMENTS

No person may operate an Aviation Training Organization (ATO) without, or in

violation of, an ATO certificate and training specifications issued under this Part.

APPLICATION FOR ISSUANCE OR AMENDMENT OF AN ATO CERTIFICATE

(a) An applicant for an ATO certificate and training specifications shall apply at least
120 calendar days before the beginning of any proposed training.

(b) An applicant for an ATO certificate shall submit an application:

(1) In a form and manner prescribed by the Licensing Authority; and

(2) Containing any information the Licensing Authority requires the applicant
to submit including at least the information shown in IS 3.1.2.2, Appendix A.

(c) The Authority will issue to an applicant who meets the requirements of this Part
and is approved by the Authority:

(1) an ATO certificate containing:

(i) the name, location of the ATO;

(ii) the date of issue and period of validity;

(iii) the authorized locations of operations; and

(iv) training courses

(2) Training Specifications containing:

(i) authorization for the ATO;

(ii) the type of training authorized, including approved courses;

(iii) the rating, category, class and type of aircraft that may be used
for training, testing and checking;

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(iv) for each Flight Simulation Training Device(s) that may be used for
training, testing and checking, the make, model and series of aircraft
being simulated, the qualification level assigned, and the identification
number assigned by the Authority;

(v) any aircraft, or parts thereof, approved for training, as

appropriate.

(vi) authorized deviations or waivers from this Part;

(vii) staff required to perform under this Part; and

(viii) any other items the Authority may require or allow

VALIDITY OF THE CERTIFICATE AND RENEWAL

(a) Subject to satisfactory compliance with the requirements of this Part, the initial
certificate will be valid for 1 year and the validity of a renewed certificate is 3
years.

INSPECTION

(a) Inspections will normally be conducted at least annually, unless the certificate
holder continues to meet the requirements under which it was originally
certificated. At the discretion of the Authority the inspection may be extended to
24 months.

RENEWAL OF CERTIFICATE

(a) An ATO may apply for renewal of its certificate within 30 days preceding the
month its ATO certificate expires, provided the ATO meets the requirements
prescribed in this Part.

LOCATION

(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a certificate issued under this Part shall establish
and maintain a principal business office that is physically located at the address
shown on its certificate.

SATELLITE ATOs

(a) The holder of an ATO certificate may conduct training in accordance with a
training program approved by the Authority at a satellite ATO if the facilities,
equipment, personnel and course content of the satellite ATO meet the
applicable requirements; (2) the instructors at the satellite ATO are under the
direct supervision of management personnel of the principal ATO; and (3) the

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
certificate holder’s training specifications reflect the name and address of the
satellite ATO and the approved courses offered at the satellite ATO.
(b)

CHANGES REQUIRING NOTICE TO THE AUTHORITY

(a) Each ATO shall notify the Authority within 30 days of any of the following changes:
(1) the Accountable Manager;
(2) the Quality Manager;
(3) the instructional staff;
(4) the housing, training facilities and equipment, procedures, training programs and
work scope that could affect the approval.

3.2TRAINING FOR FLIGHT CREW LICENSES AND RATINGS

FLIGHT CREW TRAINING COURSES

The Authority may approve following courses of instruction to an applicant for, or a

holder of an ATO certificate, provided the applicant meets the requirements of Parts 2 and
3:

(1) Private Pilot License (PPL) Course for Airplane Single-Engine (SE) Land/Sea;

(2) Private Pilot License (PPL) Course for Airplane Multi-Engine (ME) Land/Sea;

(3) Commercial Pilot License (CPL) Course for Airplane Single-Engine (SE) Land/Sea;

(4) Commercial Pilot License (CPL) Course for Airplane Multi-Engine (ME) Land/Sea;

(5) Instrument Rating (IR) Course for Airplane;

(6) Flight Instructor (FI) Course for Airplane Single-Engine (SE) Land/Sea;

(7) Flight Instructor (FO) Course for Airplane Multi-Engine (ME) Land/Sea;

(8) Flight (FI) Course with Instrument Rating (IR) Course for Airplane Single-Engine
(SE) Land/Sea;

(9) Flight Instructor (FI) Course with Instrument Rating (IR) Course for Airplane
MultiEngine (ME) Land/Sea;

(10) Instructor Course for Synthetic Flight Training for Airplane Single-Engine (SE)
Land/Sea;

(11) Instructor Course for Synthetic Flight Training for Airplane Multi-Engine (ME)
Land/Sea;

(12) Refresher Course for Airplane Single-Engine (SE) Land/Sea;

(13) Refresher Course for Airplane Multi-Engine (ME) Land/Sea;

(14) Airplane Transport Pilot License (ATPL) for Airplane;

(15) Commercial Pilot License (CPL) / Instrument Rating (IR), Multi-Engine (ME) /
Crew Resource Management (CRM) Integrated Course for Airplane;

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(16) Flight Engineer License (FEL) Course;

(17) Flight Navigator License (FNL) Course;

(18) Multi-Crew Pilot License (MPL) Course for Airplane;

(19) Private Helicopter Pilot License (PHPL) Course;

(20) Commercial Helicopter Pilot License (CHPL) Course;

(21) Flight Instructor (FI) Course for Helicopter (H);

(22) Flight Instructor (FI) with Instrument Rating (IR) Course for Helicopter (H);

(23) Instrument Rating (IR) Course for Helicopter (H);

(24) Instructor Course for Synthetic Flight Training for Helicopter (H);

(25) Type Rating Training Course.

PERSONNEL

(a) The ATO shall satisfy the Authority that there shall be on the staff:
(1) an Accountable Manager;
(2) a Quality Manager;
(3) a Head of Training;
(4) a Chief Flight Instructor, as applicable;
(5) a Chief Ground Instructor, as applicable; and
(6) an adequate number of ground and flight instructors relevant to the courses
provided
(b) Each instructor to be used for flight training must hold an instructor rating or
authorization in accordance with 2.3, relevant to the instruction given.

RECORD KEEPING

(a) A certificate holder shall maintain and retain the following records for a period of
one year after the completion of training:
1. details of ground, flying and simulated flight training given to individual students;
2. detailed and regular progress reports from instructors
3. personal trainee information
4. record of each instructor that indicates qualifications and compliance

TRAINING PROGRAM AND APPROVAL

(a) The applicant for, or the holder of an ATO certificate shall develop a training
program for each type of course offered. This program shall include;
(1) a breakdown of flying and theoretical knowledge instruction in either a week-by
week or phase presentation, a list of standard exercises and a curriculum
summary

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(2) minimum aircraft and flight training equipment requirements for each proposed
program
(3) minimum instructor qualifications for each proposed program; and
(4) a program for initial training and continuing training of each instructor employed
to instructing a proposed program.

TRAINING AIRCRAFT

(a) An adequate fleet of training aircraft appropriate to the courses of training shall be
provided for the training for flight crew licenses and ratings. Each aircraft shall be
fitted with duplicated primary flight controls for use by the instructor and the
student.
(1) The fleet shall include airplane(s) suitable for demonstrating stalling and spin
avoidance.
(i) For on-airplane recovery training, Airplane(s) shall be qualified for the
training task; the Airplane(s) shall be certified for all bank and pitch
attitudes and for developed spins. Except for CPL and MPL, FTSDs may be
used as an alternative, if it can be demonstrated that the FSTD is capable
of delivering the same results, in particular the psycho-physiological
effects effects equivalent to the aircraft
(2) ATO fleet helicopter(s) shall include, as appropriate to the courses of training,
helicopter(s) suitable for auto-rotation demonstration.
(3) ATO fleet aircraft shall be suitably equipped to simulate instrument
meteorological conditions and suitably equipped for the instrument flight training
and testing.

FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICES

(a) An applicant for, or holder of an ATO certificate, providing synthetic flight training,
shall satisfy the Authority that suitably equipped synthetic flight trainers are provided
having regard to the number of students and organization of courses.
(b) An applicant for, or holder of, an ATO certificate shall show that each synthetic flight
trainer used for training, testing and checking or is specifically qualified and
approved by the Authority for:
(1) each manoeuvre and procedure for the make, model and series of aircraft, set of
aircraft, or aircraft type simulated, as applicable; and
(2) each training program or training course in which the synthetic flight trainer is
used, if that program or course is used to satisfy any requirement of these
regulations.

TRAINING FACILITIES

(1) Flight operations facilities:

(i) an operations room;
(ii) a flight planning room
(iii) adequate briefing rooms

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(iv) offices for the instructors
(2) Knowledge instruction facilities
(i) classroom accommodation,
(ii) suitable demonstration equipment;
(iii) a RT training and testing facility (iv) a library
(iv) offices for instructors
(v)

3.3TRAINING FOR LICENSES AND RATINGS FOR AVIATION MAINTENANCE, AIR TRAFFIC
CONTROLLERS, FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICERS AND AERONAUTICAL STATION
OPERATORS

TRAINING COURSES FOR LICENSES AND RATINGS FOR AVIATION MAINTENANCE, AIR
TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS, FLIGHT OPERATION OFFICERS AND AERONAUTICAL STATION
OPERATORS

The Authority may approve the following courses of instruction:

(a) Aviation maintenance license course

(b) Airframe rating, powerplant rating, avionics rating course
(c) Air traffic controller license course
(d) Courses for ratings for Air traffic controller licenses
(e) Flight operations officer course (f) Aeronautical station operator course

PERSONNEL

(a) The ATO shall satisfy the Authority that an adequate number of qualified, competent
staff are employed as follows:
(1) An Accountable Manager;
(2) A Quality Control Manager;
(3) A Head of Training; and
(4) An adequate number of instructors relevant to the courses provided

RECORD KEEPING

(a) A certificate holder shall maintain and retain the following records for a minimum
period of one year after the completion of training:
(1) details of training given to individual students;
(2) detailed and regular progress reports from instructors
(3) personal trainee information
(4) record of each instructor that indicates qualifications and compliance with this
Part and Part 2.

TRAINING FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL FOR AVIATION MAINTENANCE (AM)

COURCES

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(a) An applicant for shall have facilities, as determined by the Authority, appropriate for
the maximum number of students expected to be taught at any time.
(b) An applicant for, or holder of an ATO certificate with approved AM courses shall have
and maintain instructional equipment as is appropriate to the rating sought:
(1) Various kinds of airframe structures, airframe systems and components,
powerplants and powerplant system and components of a quantity and type
suitable to complete the practical projects;
(2) At least one aircraft of a type acceptable to the Authority
(c) An applicant for shall have airframes, powerplants, propellers, appliances and
components to be used for instruction and from which students will gain practical
working experience and shall insure that the those are sufficiently diversified as to
show the different methods of construction, assembly, inspection and operation
when installed in an aircraft for use.
(d) An applicant for an ATO certificate with an AM rating, or an applicant seeking an
additional AM rating, shall have at least the facilities, equipment and materials
appropriate to the rating sought.
(e) An applicant for, or holder of, an ATO certificate with an AM rating shall maintain an
adequate supply of material, special tools and shop equipment used in constructing
and maintaining aircraft as is appropriate to the approved training program of the
ATO
(f) A certificate holder may not make a substantial change in facilities, equipment or
material that have been approved for a particular training program.

3.4AMT TRAINING COURSE

AMT TRAINING COURSES

(a) The Authority may approve the following courses of instruction to an applicant for, or
holder of an ATO certificate
(1) AMT—
(i) Airframe rating;
(ii) Powerplant rating;
(iii) Airframe and Powerplant rating;
(iv) Avionics rating.

GENERAL CURRICULUM REQUIREMENTS

The curriculum shall offer at least the following number of hours of

instruction shown, and the instruction unit hour shall be not less than 50 minutes in
length.

(1) Airframe – 1,150 hours (400 general plus 750 airframe).

(2) Powerplant – 1,150 hours (400 general and 750 powerplant).
(3) Combined airframe and powerplant – 1,900 hours (400 general plus 750 airframe
and 750 powerplant).

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(4) Avionics - 1,150 hours (400 hours of General Subjects, and 750 hours of Avionics
Subjects)

The curriculum shall cover the subjects and items prescribed in AMT Airframe
and/or Powerplan and/or Avionics Ratings

The certificate holder shall maintain a curriculum that shows:

(1) The required practical projects to be completed;

(2) For each subject, the proportions of theory and other instruction to be
given; and
(3) A list of the minimum required tests to be given.

Part 4 – AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION AND MARKING

The requirements for the registration of aircraft in the Republic of the Philippines are
being discussed in this part. CAR Part 4 is also governing the application of nationality and
registration marks, and was derived from ICAO Annex 7.

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall apply:

1) Airplane (aeroplane). A power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in

flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given
conditions of flight.

(2) Aircraft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions
of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth's surface.

(3) Airship. A power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft.

(4) Balloon. A non-power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft.

(5) Common mark. A mark assigned by the International Civil Aviation Organization to
the common mark registering authority registering aircraft of an international
operating agency on other than a national basis.

(6) Common mark registering authority. The authority maintaining the non-national
register, or where appropriate, the part thereof, in which aircraft of an international
operating agency are registered.

(7) Fireproof material. A material capable of withstanding heat as well as or better

than steel when the dimensions in both cases are appropriate for the specific purpose.

(8) Glider. A non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly
from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of
flight.

(9) Gyroplane. A heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the reactions of the air
on one or more rotors which rotate freely on substantially vertical axes.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(10) Heavier-than-air. Any aircraft deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic
forces.

(11) Helicopter. A heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions

of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes.

(12) International operating agency. An agency of the kind contemplated in Article 77

of the Convention.

(13) Lighter-than-air aircraft. Any aircraft supported chiefly by its buoyancy in the air.

(14) Ornithopter. A heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions

of the air on planes to which a flapping motion is imparted.

(15) Rotorcraft. A power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight by the

reactions of the air on one or more rotors.

(16) State of Registry. The State on whose register the aircraft is entered.

ABBREVIATIONS

The following abbreviations apply:

(1) ADIZ - Air Defense Identification Zone

(2) DEWIZ - Distant Early Warning Identification Zone

REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL

No person may operate a civil aircraft that is eligible for registration

under the laws of the Republic of the Philippines unless it has been registered
by its owner/operator under the provisions of the laws of the Republic of the
Philippines and the Authority has issued a Certificate of Aircraft Registration for
that aircraft which shall be carried aboard that aircraft for all operations.

REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY

(a) An aircraft is eligible for registration if it is:

(1) Owned by or leased to a citizen or citizens of the Philippines or

corporations or associations organized under the laws of the Philippines
at least sixty per centum (60%) of whose capital is owned by Filipino
citizens

(2) Not registered under the laws of any foreign country.

(b) A foreign-owned or registered aircraft may be eligible for registration, if

utilized by members of aero clubs organized for recreation, sport or the
development of flying skills as a prerequisite to any aeronautical activities of
such clubs within the Philippine airspace, and if so authorized by the Authority.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

APPLICATION

(a) A person who wishes to register an aircraft in the Republic of the Philippines
must submit an application which shall:
(1) Certify as to citizenship
(2) Show evidence identifying ownership or lease-agreement (as approved
by the Authority); and
(3) Be signed in ink.

NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS

GENERAL

(a) No person may operate a civil aircraft registered in the Republic of the
Philippines unless it displays nationality and registration marks in
accordance with the requirements of this section.
(b) The marks shall not be confused with the International Five Letter Code of
Signals or Distress Codes.
(c) Permanent marking of aircraft nationality and registration shall be painted
on the aircraft or affixed by other means insuring a similar degree of
permanence, have no ornamentation:

(1) Contrast in color with the background: and

(2) Be legible.

(d) The register of unmanned free balloons shall contain the date, time and
location of release, the type of balloon and the name of the operator.

NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS TO BE USED

(a) Every aircraft duly registered by the Authority shall display the registration
mark assigned to such aircraft. The nationality and registration marks
appearing on the aircraft shall consist of a group of characters.
(b) The nationality mark shall precede the registration mark. When the first
character of the registration mark is a letter, it shall be preceded by a
hyphen.

For the nationality and registration marks borne by aircrafts, refer to the table
below:

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

SIZE OF MARKS

(a) Width. Characters must be two-thirds as wide as they are high, except the
number "1", which must be one-sixth as wide as it is high, and the letters "M"
and "W" which may be as wide as they are high.

(b) Thickness. Characters shall be formed by solid lines one-sixth as thick as

the character is high.

(c) Spacing. The space between each character may not be less than one-
fourth of the character width.

(d) Uniformity. The marks required by this Part for fixed-wing aircraft must
have the same height, width, thickness, and spacing on both sides of the
aircraft.

(e) Each operator of an aircraft penetrating an ADIZ or DEWIZ shall display on

that aircraft temporary or permanent nationality and registration marks at least
30 centimeters high.

For the height of the character marks, refer to the table below:

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

DEVIATION FOR SIZE AND LOCATION MARKS

(a) If either one of the surfaces authorized for displaying required marks is
large enough for display of marks meeting the size requirements of this
section and the other is not, the operator shall place full-size marks on the
larger surface.
(b) If neither surface is large enough for full-size marks, the Authority may
approve marks as large as practicable for display on the larger of the two
surfaces.

LOCATION OF MARKS ON ROTORCRAFT

Each operator of a rotorcraft shall display marks horizontally on both

surfaces of the cabin, fuselage, boom, or tail; such that the rotorcraft can be
readily identified.

LOCATION OF MARKS ON LIGHTER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT

(a) Airships. The operator shall place the marks on:

(1) The hull, located lengthwise on each side of the hull and on its upper
surface on the line of symmetry; or
(2) The horizontal and vertical stabilizers surfaces
(b) Spherical balloons (other than unmanned free balloons). The operator shall
apply marks to appear in two places diametrically opposite each other and
located near the maximum horizontal circumference of the balloon.
(c) Non-spherical balloons (other than unmanned free balloons). The operator
shall apply marks to appear on each side, located near the maximum cross-
section of the balloon immediately above either the rigging band or the
points of attachment of the basket suspension cables.
(d) Lighter-than-air aircraft (other than unmanned free balloons). The operator
shall apply side marks to be visible both from the sides and from the
ground.
(e) Unmanned free balloons. The operator shall apply marks to appear on the
identification plate.

SALE OF AIRCRAFT: REMOVAL OF MARKS

When an aircraft that is registered in Republic of the Philippines is sold,

the holder of the Certificate of Aircraft Registration shall remove, before its
delivery to the purchaser, all nationality and registration marks of Republic of
the Philippines, unless the purchaser is a citizen or other legal entity.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Part 5 – AIRWORTHINESS
This part of presents regulatory requirements for the airworthiness of aircraft expected
to operate in the Republic of the Philippines using the SARPs in ICAO Annexes 6 and 8. CAR
Part 5 requires all persons operating Republic of the Philippines registered aircraft to notify
the Authority when certain events occur.

5.1 GENERAL

APPLICABILITY

a. This regulation prescribes the requirements for:

1. Certification of aircraft and aeronautical components;
2. Issuance of Certificate of Airworthiness and other certifications for
aeronautical products;
3. Continued airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical components;
4. Rebuilding and modifications of aircraft and aeronautical components;
5. Maintenance and preventive maintenance of aircraft and aeronautical
components;
6. Aircraft inspection requirements; and
7. Air operator aircraft maintenance and inspection requirements.

DEFINITIONS

a. The following definitions shall apply:

1. Continuing Airworthiness. The set of processes by which an aircraft,
engine, propeller or part complies with the applicable airworthiness
requirements and remains in a condition for safe operation throughout its
operating life.
2. Major modification. Major modification means an alteration not listed in the
aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller specifications: (1) that might appreciably
affect weight, balance, structural strength, performance, power-plant,
operations, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting airworthiness; or
(2) that is not done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by
elementary operations.
3. Maintenance release. A certification confirming that the maintenance work
to which it relates has been complied with in accordance with the applicable
standards of airworthiness, using approved data.
4. Major repair. Major repair means a repair: (a) that if improperly done might
appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, performance, power-
plant, operations, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting
airworthiness; or (b) that is not done according to accepted practices or cannot
be done by elementary operations.
5. Modification. The alteration of an aircraft/aeronautical product in conformity
with an approved standard.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
6. Preventative maintenance. Simple or minor preservation operations and
the replacement of small standard parts, not involving complex assembly
operations.
7. Overhaul. The restoration of an aircraft/aeronautical product using methods,
techniques, and practices acceptable to the Authority, including disassembly,
cleaning, and inspection as permitted, repair as necessary, and reassembly;
and tested in accordance with approved standards and technical data, or in
accordance with current standards and technical data acceptable to the
Authority.
8. Rebuild. The restoration of an aircraft/aeronautical product by using methods,
techniques, and practices acceptable to the Authority, when it has been
disassembled, cleaned, inspected as permitted, repaired as necessary,
reassembled, and tested to the same tolerances and limits as a new item, using
either new parts or used parts that conform to new part tolerances and limits.
9. Return to Service (RTS). A document signed by an authorized
representative of an approved maintenance organization (AMO) in respect of
an inspection, repair or modification on a complete aircraft, engine or propeller
after it has received a Maintenance Release for the maintenance performed at
an AMO.
10. State of Design. The Contracting State which approved the original type
certificate and any subsequent supplemental type certificates for an aircraft, or
which approved the design of an aeronautical product or appliance.
11. State of Manufacture. The State having jurisdiction over the organization
responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft engine or propeller.
12. State of Registry. The Contracting State on whose register the aircraft is
entered.

ABBREVIATIONS

a. The following acronyms are used in Part 5:

1. AOC – Air Operator Certificate
2. AMO – Approved Maintenance Organization
3. MEL – Minimum Equipment List
4. PIC – Pilot in command
5. TSO – Technical Standard Order

5.2 AIRCRAFT AND COMPONENT ORIGINAL CERTIFICATION

APPLICABILITY

a. This Subpart describes the procedures and designation of applicable rules for
original certification of aircraft and related aeronautical products.
b. Any component or product installed or to be installed in a RP registered aircraft
shall have an airworthiness approval tag traceable to an approved airworthiness
standard accepted by the Authority.

5.3 SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
ISSUANCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES

a. Any person who alters a product by introducing a major change in type design, not
great enough to require a new application for a type certificate, shall apply for a
Supplemental Type Certificate to the regulatory agency of the State of Design that
approved the type certificate for that product, or to the State of Registry of the
aircraft.

5.4 CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS

ELIGIBILITY

a. The owner or agent of the owner of RP registered aircraft, may apply for Certificate
of Airworthiness.
b. Each applicant shall apply in a form and manner accepted by the Authority.

CLASSIFICATION OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS

a. Standard C of A. Issued for an aircraft in the specific category and model
designated by the State of Design in the Type Certificate.
b. Special C of A. The Authority may issue in the form of restricted certificate or
special flight permit.

AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS

The Authority may amend or modify a C of A:
1. Upon application from operator.
2. On its own initiative.

TRANSFER OR SURRENDER OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS

a. An owner shall transfer a C of A to:
1. The lessee upon lease of an aircraft within or outside the Republic of the
Philippines.
2. To the buyer upon sale of aircraft within the Republic of the Philippines.
b. An owner shall surrender the C of A for the aircraft to the issuing Authority upon
sale of that aircraft outside of the Republic of the Philippines.

EFFECTIVE DATES OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS

a. Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, revoked, or a termination date is otherwise
established by the Authority, C of A are effective as follows:
1. Standard C of A, Special C of A and C of A.
i. For Restricted/ Limited Category. Effective for one (1) year as long as
maintenance, preventive maintenance and alterations are performed in
accordance with this CAR and RP registered.
2. Special Flight Permit. Effective for the period specified in the permit.
3. Experimental Certificate. For research and development, showing
compliance with regulations is effective for one (1) year after the date of
issue/renewal unless the Authority prescribes a shorter period.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
b. When an aircraft imported for RP registration has a C of A issued by another
Contracting State. RP may issue an alternative C of A, establish validity to be
carried with the former C of A accepting it as equivalent C of A issued by Republic
of the Philippines. The validity of the Authorization shall not extend beyond the
period of validity of C of A or one (1) year, whichever is less.

AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION
a. Each applicant for C of A shall show that the aircraft is properly registered and
marked, including identification plates, as required in Part 4.

ISSUE OF STANDARD CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS

a. An applicant for a Standard C of A for an import aircraft type certificated in
accordance with this Part is entitled to a C of A if the country in which the aircraft
was manufactured or previously registered certifies, and the Authority finds, that:
1. The applicant presents evidence that aircraft conforms to a type design
approved under a TC of STC and to the applicable AD of the State of
Manufacture.
2. The aircraft has been inspected in accordance with the performance rules of
this regulations for inspections and found Airworthy, the Authority is to make
determinations within the last thirty (30) calendar days.
c. Class I Aeronautical Products (Aircraft, Engine and Propeller), that first of its kind
to be placed under Philippine registry must undergo TC validation to become
eligible for importation and to obtain C of A.

COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT

a. The Authority will consider a C of A valid for Commercial Air Transport only when
that aircraft is included in the AOC’s Specific Operating Provisions in accordance
with CAR Part 9.

ISSUE OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS FOR RESTRICTED CATEGORY AIRCRAFT

a. An applicant for the original issue of a restricted category C of A for a TC in the
restricted category, that was not previously type Part.
b. Import Aircraft. An applicant for a Special C of A for an import aircraft TC is entitled
to a Restricted C of A if the country in which the aircraft was manufactured or
previously registered certifies, and:
1. The applicant presents evidence that aircraft conforms to a type design
approved under a TC or STC and to applicable AD;
2. The aircraft has undergone a 100-hour inspection and found airworthy.
3. The Authority finds after an inspection that aircraft conforms to the type
design, and is in condition for safe operation.

EXPERIMENTAL CERTIFICATES
a. Issued for the following purposes:
1. Research and Development.
2. Showing Compliance with Regulations.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
3. Crew Training.
4. Exhibition.
5. Air Racing.
6. Market Surveys.
7. Operating amateur-built aircraft.
8. Operating kit-built aircraft.
SPECIAL FLIGHT PERMITS
a. May be issued for an aircraft that may not currently meet applicable airworthiness
requirements but is capable of safe flight, for the following purposes:
1. Flying the aircraft to a base for repairs, alterations, or maintenance, or to a
point of storage.
2. Delivering or exporting the aircraft.
3. Production flight testing new production aircraft.
4. Evacuating aircraft from areas of impending danger.
5. Conducting customer demonstration flights in new production aircraft that have
satisfactorily completed production flight tests.
b. Issued to authorize operation when weight is in excess of its Maximum Certificated
Take-off Weight.
c. The Special Flight Permit is an authorization, including conditions and limitations
for flight.

ISSUE OF SPECIAL FLIGHT PERMITS

a. Applicant applying for special flight permit must submit a statement indicating:
1. Purpose of flight.
2. Proposed itinerary.
3. Crew required to operate the aircraft.
4. The ways, if any, which the aircraft doesn’t comply to airworthiness
requirements.
5. Any restriction the applicant considers necessary for safe operation of the
aircraft.
6. Any other information the Authority considers for prescribing operating
limitations.
b. The Authority may make, or require the applicant to make appropriate inspections
necessary for safety.

AIRWORTHINESS APPROVALS FOR EXPORT

The purpose of this subpart:

1. Class I Aeronautical Product. (Aircraft, Engine and Propeller).
i. Has been Type Certificated which Specifications or TCDS have been
issued.
ii. Identical to a Type Certificated product.
2. Class II Aeronautical Product. (Wings, Fuselage, Empennage
assemblies, Landing gears, etc.) Major component of Class I product.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
3. Class III Aeronautical Product. (Parts designated as AN, NAS, SAE,
etc.) Any part or component which is not Class I or II and includes standard
parts.
4. The words “newly overhauled” used to describe a product means that the
product has not been operated or placed in service, except for functional
testing, since having been overhauled, inspected and approved for return
to service in accordance with the applicable regulations.

WEIGHING OF AIRCRAFT
a. All Philippine registered aircraft shall be re-weighed at the following periods:
1. When used for commercial or aerial work operations every three (3) years;
2. When used for commercial operations and with CAAP approved weight
control program, at such periods as determined by the weight control
program;
3. When used in general aviation every five (5) years, or
4. For any aircraft at such times as the Director General may direct.

5.5 CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESSOF AIRCRAFT AND COMPONENTS

RESPONSIBILITY
a. The owner of an aircraft or, in the case of a leased aircraft, the lessee, shall be
responsible for maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy condition by ensuring that—
1. All maintenance, overhaul, modifications and repairs which affect airworthiness
are performed as prescribed by the State of Registry;
2. Authorized maintenance personnel make appropriate entries in the aircraft
maintenance records certifying that the aircraft is airworthy;
3. A maintenance release is completed to the certify that the maintenance work
performed has been completed satisfactorily and in accordance with the
prescribed methods; and
4. In the event there are open discrepancies, the maintenance release includes a
list of the uncorrected maintenance items and these items are made a part of
the aircraft permanent record.

GENERAL
a. No person may perform maintenance, repairs, or modifications on an aircraft other
than as prescribed in this regulation.
b. No person may operate an aircraft for which a manufacturer’s maintenance manual
or instructions for continued airworthiness has been issued that contains an
airworthiness limitation section unless the mandatory replacement times,
inspection intervals, and related procedures specified in that section or alternative
inspection intervals and related procedures set forth in the specific operating
provisions approved under part 9.
c. When the Authority determines that an airframe or aeronautical product has
exhibited an unsafe condition.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
DAMAGE TO AIRCRAFT
a. When the aircraft has sustained damage that requires major repair or replacement
of the affected component, the CAAP shall judge whether the damage is of a nature
such that the aircraft is no longer airworthy.
b. If the damage is sustained or ascertained when the aircraft is in the territory of
another Contracting State, the authorities of that Contracting State shall be entitled
to prevent the aircraft from resuming its flight on the condition that they shall
advise the CAAP immediately, communicating to all details necessary to formulate
the judgment referred to in (a).

5.6 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION

PERSONS AUTHORIZED TO PERFORM MAINTENANCE

a. No person may perform any task defined as maintenance on an aircraft or
aeronautical products, except as provided in the following—
1. A pilot licensed by the Authority may perform elementary work
2. A person working under the supervision of a aviation maintenance technician,
may perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, and modifications that
the supervisory aviation maintenance technician is Authorized to perform—
(i) If the supervisor personally observes the work being done to the extent
necessary to ensure that it is being done properly, and
(ii) If the supervisor is readily available, in person, for consultation.
3. A licensed aviation maintenance technician may perform or supervise the
maintenance or modification of an aircraft or aeronautical product for which he
or she is rated
4. An AMO may perform aircraft maintenance within the limits specified by the
Authority.
5. No AOC holder may perform aircraft maintenance unless approved under Part
6 of these regulations.
6. A manufacturer holding an AMO may—
i. Rebuild or alter any aeronautical product manufactured by that
manufacturer
ii. Rebuild or alter any aeronautical product manufactured by that
manufacturer under a TSO Authorization, a Parts Manufacturer Approval
by the State of Design, or Product and Process Specification issued by the
State of Design; and
iii. Perform any inspection required by Part 8 on aircraft its manufacturers,
while currently operating under a production certificate or under a
currently approved production inspection system for such aircraft.

AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL TO APPROVE FOR RETURN TO SERVICE

a. No person or entity, other than the Authority, may approve an aircraft, airframe, aircraft
engine, propeller, appliance, or component part for return to service except:
1. A pilot licensed by the Authority may return his or her aircraft to service after
performing Authorized preventive maintenance.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
2. A licensed aviation maintenance technician may approve aircraft and aeronautical
products for return to service after he or she has performed, supervised, or
inspected its maintenance
3. An AMO may approve aircraft and aeronautical products for return to service as
provided in the specifications approved by the Authority.

Part 6 – APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION

This part provides regulations for the registration and monitoring of Approved
Maintenance Organizations (AMO) in Republic of the Philippines. The proper maintenance of
aircraft is fundamental to aviation safety, and requires meticulous record-keeping.

6.1 GENERAL

APPLICABILITY

Part 6 prescribes the requirements for issuing approvals to organizations for the
maintenance, preventive maintenance, and modifications of aircraft and aeronautical
products and prescribes the general operating rules for an Approved Maintenance
Organization (AMO). The approval, when granted, shall apply to the whole organization
and shall be headed by the accountable manager.

DEFINITIONS
a. For the purpose of Part 6, the following definitions shall apply
1. Accountable Manager (Maintenance). The manager who has corporate
authority for ensuring that all maintenance, preventive maintenance, and
modification required by the aircraft owner/operator can be financed and
carried out to the standard required by the Authority.
2. Approved data. Technical information approved by the Authority.
3. Article. Any item, including but not limited to, an aircraft; airframe, aircraft
engine, propeller, appliance, accessory, assembly, subassembly, system,
subsystem, component, unit, product or part.
4. Certificated Approved Maintenance Organization. Means approved by
the Authority.
5. Composite. Structural materials made of substances; including, but not
limited to, wood, metal, ceramic; plastic, fiber-reinforced materials, graphite,
boron, or epoxy, with built-in strengthening agents that may by in the form of
filaments, foils; powders, or flakes; of a different material.
6. Housing. Buildings, hangers, and other structures to accommodate the
necessary equipment and materials of a maintenance organization that-
(i) Provide working space for the performance of maintenance, preventive
maintenance, or modifications
(ii) Provide structures for the proper protection of aircraft, airframes, aircraft
engines, propellers, appliances, components, parts, and subassemblies
(iii) Provide for the proper storage, segregation, and protection of materials,
parts, and supplies.

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
9. Maintenance release. A certification confirming that the maintenance work
to which it relates has been complied with in accordance with the applicable
standards of airworthiness, using approved data.
10. Return to Service (RTS). A document signed by an authorized
representative of an approved maintenance organization (AMO) in respect of
an inspection, repair or modification on a complete aircraft, engine or propeller
after it has received a Maintenance Release for the maintenance performed at
an AMO.
11. Specialized maintenance. Any maintenance not normally performed by an
AMO (e.g., tire retreating, plating, etc.)

ABBREVIATIONS

a. The following abbreviations are used in Part 6.

1. AMO – Approved Maintenance Organization (Part 1)

2. PMA – Parts Manufacturing Authorization
3. TSO – Technical Standard Order
4. RTS – Return to Service

CERTIFICATE AND SPECIFIC OPERATING PROVISIONS

a. The AMO certificate will consist of two documents

1. A one-page certificate signed by the Authority, and
2. A multi-page specific operating provisions signed by the Accountable Manager
and the Authority, containing the terms, conditions, and authorizations.
b. The AMO certificate will contain
1. The certificate number specifically assigned to the AMO;
2. The name and location (main place of business) of the AMO;
3. The date of issue and period of validity;
4. The ratings issued to the AMO; and
5. Authority signature.
c. The AMO Specific Operating Provisions will contain
1. The certificate number specifically assigned to the AMO;
2. The class or limited ratings issued in detail, including special approvals and
limitations issued;
3. The date issued or revised
4. Accountable manager and Authority signatures
5. The certificate issued to each certificated maintenance organization must be
available in the premises for inspection by the public and the Authority.

6.2 CERTIFICATION

DURATION AND RENEWAL OF CERTIFICATE

a. A Certificate or Rating issued to an Approved Maintenance Organization is valid

for two (2) years from the date of issuance subject to the compliance with the

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
Approved Maintenance Organization Procedures Manual and the provisions of
PCAR Part 6, unless:
1. The Approved Maintenance Organization surrenders the Certificate or
Rating; and
2. The CAAP suspends or revokes the Certificate or Rating.

b. The holder of a certificate that expires or is surrendered, suspended, or revoked

by the CAAP must return the certificate and specific operating provisions to the
CAAP.
c. A certificated approved maintenance organization that applies for a renewal of
its CAAP approved maintenance organization certificate: must submit its
request for renewal with supporting documents no later than 60 days before
the approved maintenance organization's current certificate expires.

RATINGS OF THE AMO

a. The following ratings are issued under this Subpart:

1. Airframe ratings. An aircraft rating on an approved maintenance organization
certificate permits that approved maintenance organization to perform
maintenance, preventive maintenance, or modifications on an aircraft;
including work on the powerplant(s) of that aircraft up to, but not including,
overhaul as that term defined in 5.1.1.2(a)(5) under the following classes:
i. Class 1: Aircraft (other than rotorcraft and aircraft composed primarily
of composite material) of 5,700 kg maximum certificated take-off
weight or less.
ii. Class 2: Aircraft (other than rotorcraft and aircraft composed primarily
of composite material) over 5,700 kg maximum certificated take-off
weight and up to, and including, 3,200 kg maximum certificated take-
off weight.
iii. Class 3: Aircraft, (other than rotorcraft and aircraft composed primarily
composite material) over 34,200 kg maximum certificated take-off
weight.
iv. Class 4: Rotorcraft (other than rotorcraft composed primarily of
composite material) of 2,736 kg maximum certificated take-off weight
or less.
v. Class 5: Rotorcraft (other than rotorcraft composed primarily of
composite material) over 2,736 kg maximum certificated take-off
weight.
vi. Class 6: Aircraft composed primarily of composite material, of 5,700 kg
maximum certificated take-off weight or less.
vii. Class 7: Aircraft composed primarily of composite material, over 5,700
kg maximum certificated take-off weight
2. Powerplant ratings. A powerplant rating on an approved maintenance
organization certificate permits that approved maintenance organization to
perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or modifications of
powerplants under the following classes:

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
i. Class 1: Reciprocating engines.
ii. Class 2: Turbopropeller and turboshaft engines.
iii. Class 3: Turbojet and turbofan engines.
3. Propeller ratings. A propeller rating on an approved maintenance organization
certificate permits that approved maintenance organization to perform
maintenance, preventive maintenance, or modifications of propellers under the
following classes: (i) Class 1: Fixed-pitch and ground-adjustable propellers. (ii)
Class 2: Variable-pitch propellers.
4. Avionics ratings. An avionics rating on an approved maintenance organization
certificate permits that approved maintenance organization to perform
maintenance, preventive maintenance, or modifications of avionics equipment
under the following ratings:
i. Class 1: Communication equipment
ii. Class 2: Navigational equipment
iii. Class 3: Pulsed equipment
5. Computer systems ratings. A computer systems rating on an approved
maintenance organization certificate permits that approved maintenance
organization to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or
modifications of digital computer systems and components under the following
classes:
i. Class 1: Aircraft computer systems.
ii. Class 2: Powerplant computer systems.
iii. Class 3: Avionics computer systems.
6. Instrument ratings. An instrument rating on an approved maintenance
organization certificate permits that approved maintenance organization to
perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or modifications of instruments
under the following classes:
i. Class 1: Mechanical
ii. Class 2: Electrical
iii. Class 3: Gyroscopic
iv. Class 4: Electronic
7. Accessory ratings. An accessory rating on an approved maintenance
organization certificate permits that approved maintenance organization to
perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or modifications of accessory
equipment under the following classes:
i. Class 1: Mechanical.
ii. Class 2: Electrical.
iii. Class 3: Electronic.
iv. Class 4: Auxiliary power units (APU's)

6.3 HOUSING, FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT, & MATERIALS

6.4 ADMINISTRATION

REST AND DUTY LIMITATIONS FOR PERSONS PERFORMING MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS IN

AN AMO

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
a. No person may assign, nor shall any person perform maintenance functions for
aircraft, unless that person has had a minimum rest period of 8 hours prior to the
beginning of duty.
b. No person may schedule a person performing maintenance functions for aircraft
for more than 12 consecutive hours of duty.
c. In situations involving unscheduled aircraft unserviceability, persons performing
maintenance functions for aircraft may be continued on duty for
1. Up to 16 consecutive hours; or
2. 20 hours in 24 consecutive hours.
d. Following unscheduled duty periods, the person performing maintenance functions
for aircraft shall have a mandatory rest period of 10 hours.
e. The AMO shall relieve the person performing maintenance functions from all duties
for 24 consecutive hours during any 7 consecutive day period.

6.5 AMO OPERATING RULES

APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION PROCEDURES MANUAL

a. An AMO Maintenance Procedure Manual and any subsequent amendments thereto

shall be approved by the Authority prior to use.
b. The procedures manual and any other manual it identifies must:
1. Include instructions and information necessary to allow the personnel
concerned to perform their duties and responsibilities with a high degree of
safety;
2. Be in a form that is easy to revise and contains a system which allows personnel
to determine current revision status;
3. Have the date of the last revision printed on each page containing the revision;
4. Not be contrary to any applicable Republic of the Philippines regulation or the
AMO's specific operating provisions; and
5. Include a reference to appropriate civil aviation regulations.

CERTIFICATE OF RETURN TO SERVICE

a. A certificate of return to service shall be issued by appropriately authorized

certifying staff when satisfied that all required maintenance of the aircraft or
aeronautical product has been properly carried out by the AMO in accordance with
the maintenance procedure manual.
b. A certificate of return to service shall contain
1. Basic details of the maintenance carried out;
2. The date such maintenance was completed; and
3. The identity, including the authorization reference, of the AMO and certifying
staff issuing the certificate.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Part 7 – INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENT

This part presents standards and recommended practices as regulatory requirements
for instruments and equipment on aircraft expected to operate in the Republic of the
Philippines.

7.1 GENERAL

APPLICABILITY

Part 7 prescribes the minimum instrument and equipment requirements for all aircraft
in all operations.

ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations are used in Part 7:

ADF – Automatic Direction Finder

AOC - Air Operator Certificate

DH – Decision Height

DME – Distance Measuring Equipment

CVS – Combined Vision System

COMAT – Operator Material

EFB – Electronic Flight Bag

ELT – Emergency Locator Transmitter

EUROCAE – European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment

EVS – Enhanced Vision System

HUD – Head-up Display

ILS – Instrument Landing System

IFR – Instrument Flight Rating

IMC - Instrument Meteorological Conditions

LED – Light Emitting Diode

LRNS - Long Range Navigation Systems

MEL – Minimum Equipment List (Part 1)

MHz - Megahertz

MLS – Microwave Landing System

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
MNPS - Minimal Navigation Performance Specifications

NDB – Non-Directional Beacon

NVIS – Night Vision Imaging Systems

PBE - Protective Breathing Equipment

RCP - Required Communication Performance

RVSM – Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum

RTCA – Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics

SSR – Secondary Surveillance Radar

SVS – Synthetic Vision System

VFR – Visual Flight Rules

VMC - Visual Meteorological Conditions

VOR – VHF Omnidirectional Range

VSM – Vertical Separation Minimum

7.2 FLIGHT AND NAVIGATIONAL INSTRUMENTS7.8 EMERGENCY, RESCUE, AND SURVIVAL

EQUIPMENT

MINIMUM FLIGHT AND NAVIGATIONAL INSTRUMENTS

a. [AAC] No person may operate any aircraft unless it is equipped with the following
flight and navigational instruments:
1. An airspeed indicator;
2. A sensitive pressure altimeter, adjustable for any barometric pressure likely to
be set during flight;
3. A vertical speed indicator;
4. A turn and slip indicator, or a turn coordinator incorporating a slip indicator;
5. A magnetic compass;
6. A means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air
temperature;
7. An accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds
(approval not required).
b. [AAC] Whenever an aircraft is operating at night or when two pilots are required,
each pilot's station shall have separate flight instruments as listed in (a) and
additionally as follows;
1. An attitude indicator (artificial horizon); and
2. A stabilized direction indicator (directional gyroscope).

7.3 COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

7.4 AIRCRAFT LIGHTS AND INSTRUMENT ILLUMINATION

AIRCRAFT LIGHTS AND INSTRUMENT ILLUMINATION

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
a. [AAC] All aircraft operated at night shall be equipped with:
1. A landing light;
2. An anti-collision light system;
3. Navigation/position lights;
4. Lights to conform to the International regulations for preventing collisions at
sea if the aircraft is a seaplane or an amphibian aircraft.
5. Illumination for all flight instruments and equipment that are essential for the
safe operation of the aircraft;
6. Lights in all passenger compartments;
7. An independent portable light for each crew member station; and
8. A heated pitot tube.
b. [AOC] No AOC holder may operate an aircraft by night unless, in addition to the
equipment specified in paragraph (a) above, it is equipped with;
1. Two landing lights or a single light having two separately energized filaments.

7.5 ENGINE INSTRUMENTS

7.6 WARNING INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS

7.7 FLIGHT RECORDERS

DISCONTINUATION

a. Flight data recorder media not acceptable for use in aircraft registered in the
Philippines, or operated in commercial air transport operations in the Philippines,
are–
(1) Engraving metal foil;
(2) Photographic film;
(3) Analogue data using frequency modulation (FM);
(4) Magnetic tape.

DURATION

a. FDRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during the last—
1. Type I and II -- 25 hours of operation.
2. Type IIA – 30 minutes of operation.
3. Type IV, IVA and V – 10 hours of operation.

7.8 EMERGENCY, RESCUE, AND SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

a. [AAC] No person may operate an aircraft unless it is equipped with portable fire
extinguishers of a type which, when discharged, will not cause dangerous
contamination of the air within the aircraft. At least one shall be located in —
b. [AOC] No person may operate an aircraft unless it is equipped with portable fire
extinguishers accessible for use in crew, passenger, and cargo compartments as
follows:
(1) At least one portable fire extinguisher shall be provided and conveniently
located for use in each Class E cargo compartment which is accessible to crew

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
members during flight, and at least one shall be located in each upper and
lower lobe galley.
(2) At least one portable fire extinguisher shall be conveniently located on the flight
deck for use by the flight crew.
(3) At least one portable fire extinguisher shall be conveniently located in the
passenger compartment if the passenger compartment is separate from the
flight deck and not readily accessible to the flight crew.
(4) For each airplane having a passenger seating capacity of more than 30, there
shall be at least the following number of portable fire extinguishers
conveniently located and uniformly distributed throughout the compartment.

Minimum Number of Hand Fire Extinguishers

Passenger Seating Capacity
7 through 29 1
30 through 60 2
61 through 200 3
201 through 300 4
301 through 400 5
401 through 500 6
501 through 600 7
601 or more 8

FIRST-AID KIT, UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION KIT AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT

a. First Aid Kits.

1. No person may operate the following aircraft unless it is it is equipped with an
i. accessible, approved first-aid kit(s):
ii. [AAC - Airplane] Airplanes with a maximum certificated take-off weight
of over 5 700 kg;
iii. [AOC] - All AOC holders.
2. The contents of first-aid kits to be carried shall comply with IS: 7. 8.11.
3. Each aircraft shall carry first-aid kits in accordance with at least the following
schedule:

Number of Passenger Seats Number of First-Aid Kits

0-100 1
101-200 2
201-300 3
301-400 4
401-500 5
More than 500 6

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Part 8 – OPERATIONS
This part presents standards and recommended practices as regulatory requirements
for instruments and equipment on aircraft expected to operate in the Republic of the
Philippines.

8.1 GENERAL

APPLICABILITY

a. CAR Part 8 prescribes the requirements for:

(1) Operations conducted by airman certified in Republic of the Philippines while
operating aircraft registered in Republic of the Philippines.
(2) Operations of foreign registered aircraft by Republic of the Philippines
Operators.
(3) Operations of aircraft within Republic of the Philippines by airman or Operators
of a foreign State.
5. For operations outside of Republic of the Philippines, all Republic of the Philippines
pilots and operators shall comply with these requirements unless compliance would
result in a violation of the laws of the foreign State in which the operation is
conducted.

ABBREVIATIONS

(a) The following acronyms and abbreviations are used in this Part:

1. ADS-C – Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Contract

2. AFM - Airplane Flight Manual
3. AGL - Above Ground Level
4. AOC - Air Operator Certificate
5. AOA – Angle of Attack
6. AOM - Aircraft Operating Manual
7. APU - Auxiliary Power Unit
8. ATC - Air Traffic Control
9. CAT - Category
10. CDL - Configuration Deviation List
11. CP - Co-pilot
12. CRM - Crew Resource Management
13. DH - Decision Height
14. EDTO – Extended Diversion Time Operation
15. ETA - Estimated Time of Arrival
16. FE - Flight Engineer
17. FL - Flight Level
18. GPS - Global Positioning System
19. IMC - Instrument Meteorological Conditions
20. INS - Inertial Navigation System

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
21. LDA - Localizer-type Directional Aid
22. LOC - Localizer
23. LORAN - Long-range Navigation
24. LVTO – Low Visibility Take Off
25. MDA – Minimum Decent Altitude
26. MEA — Minimum En Route Altitude
27. MEL – Minimum Equipment List
28. MMEL – Master Minimum Equipment List
29. MNPS – Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications
30. MOCA — Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude
31. MSL – Mean Sea Level
32. NOTAM – Notice to Airmen
33. NOTOC- Notice to Captain
34. RFM – Rotorcraft Flight Manual
35. RVR – Runway Visibility Range
36. RVSM – Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum
37. PBE – Protective Breathing Equipment
38. PBN – Performance-based Navigation
39. PIC – Pilot In Command
40. SAR – Search and Rescue
41. SCC – Senior Cabin crew
42. SIC – Second-in-command (co-pilot or first officer)
43. SM – Statute Miles
44. TACAN – Tactical Air Navigation System
45. UPRT – Airplane upset prevention and recovery training
46. VMC – Visual Meteorological Conditions
47. VSM – Vertical Separation Minimum
48. V1 - Take-off decision speed.
49. VMO- Maximum operating speed.
50. VSO - Stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing
configuration.

8.2 GENERAL OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS

AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS

CIVIL AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS

a. No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition.
b. The PIC shall discontinue a flight as soon as practicable when an unairworthy
mechanical, electrical or structural condition occurs.

DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED ON AIRCRAFT: ALL OPERATIONS

a. Except as provided, no person may operate a civil aircraft in commercial air

transport operations unless it has within it the following current and approved
documents:
1. Certificate of Aircraft Registration issued to the owner.

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
2. Certificate of Airworthiness.
3. Aircraft Journey Log.
4. Aircraft Radio License.
5. List of passenger names and points of embarkation and destination, if
applicable.
6. Cargo manifest including special loads information.
7. Aircraft Technical Log.
8. Air Operator Certificate
9. Noise Certificate, or a document attesting noise certification.
10. AFM (for airplanes) or RFM (for helicopters).
11. Part(s) of the Operations Manual relevant to operation(s) conducted.
12. MEL.
13. Category II or III Manual, as applicable.
14. Operational Flight Plan.
15. Filed ATC flight plan.
16. NOTAMS briefing documentation
17. Meteorological information.
18. Mass and balance documentation.
19. Roster of special situation passengers.
20. Maps and charts for routes of proposed flight or possibly diverted flights.
21. Forms for complying with the reporting requirements of the Authority and the
Operator.
22. For international flights, a general declaration for customs.
23. Any documentation that may be required by the Authority or States concerned
with a proposed flight.
24. The appropriate licenses for each crew member of the flight crew.
25. Copy of the return to service, if any, in force with respect to the aircraft.
26. Search and rescue information, for international flights.
27. Aircraft insurance coverage

8.3 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

ANNUAL INSPECTIONS

a. An annual inspection program may be used for non-complex aircraft with a

maximum certificated take-off mass of less than 5,700 kg that are not used in
commercial air transport.
b. No person may operate an aircraft unless, within the preceding 12 calendar-
months, the aircraft has had:
1. An annual inspection in accordance with Part 5 and has been completed by an
AMT / A&P or an AMO.
2. An inspection for the issuance of a Certificate of Airworthiness completed for
the Authority in accordance with Part 5.

ANNUAL/100 HOURS INSPECTIONS

a. No person may operate a non-complex aircraft with a certificated maximum take-

off mass less than 5,700 kg carrying any person (other than a crew member) used

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
in commercial air transport, and no person may give flight instruction for
compensation or hire in an aircraft which that person provides, unless:
1. Within the preceding 100 hours of time in service the aircraft has received an
annual or a 100-hour inspection, and
2. Been approved for return to service in accordance with Part 5 of these
regulations.
b. The 100-hour limitation may be exceeded by not more than 10 hours while en
route to reach a place where the inspection can be done. The excess time used to
reach a place where the inspection can be done must be included in computing
the next 100 hours of time in service.
c. An annual inspection under this paragraph must be performed, a maintenance
release and a return to service signed in accordance with Part 2 at an AMO.
d. A 100-hour inspection under this paragraph must be performed, a maintenance
release and a return to service signed in accordance with Part 2 at an AMO.

PROGRESSIVE INSPECTIONS

a. A progressive inspection program may be used for aircraft with a maximum

certificated take-off mass of less than 5,700 kg.

CONTINUOUS AIRWORTHINESS MAINTENANCE INSPECTION

a. The registered owner or operator of each large airplane certificated with a

maximum take-off mass of over 5,700 kg shall select, identify in the aircraft
maintenance records, and use one of the following continuous airworthiness
maintenance inspection programs for the inspection of the aircraft:
1. A current inspection program recommended by the manufacturer;
2. A continuous airworthiness maintenance program or
3. Any other inspection program established by the registered owner or operator
of that aircraft and approved by the Authority.
b. Each owner/operator shall include in the selected inspection program the name
and address of the person responsible for the scheduling of the inspections.

8.4 FLIGHT CREW REQUIREMENTS

AUTHORIZATION IN LIEU OF A TYPE RATING

a. The Authority may authorize a pilot to operate an aircraft requiring a type rating
without a type rating for up to 60 days, provided
1. The Authority has determined that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved
2. The applicant shows that compliance with this subsection is impracticable for
the flight or series of flights,
3. If the purpose of the authorization provided by this paragraph cannot be
accomplished within the time limit of the authorization, the Authority may
authorize an additional period of up to 60 days.

8.5 CREW MEMBER DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PIC

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
a. Pilot-in-command (PIC): Each operator shall designate one pilot to act as PIC for
each flight.
b. The PIC shall be responsible for the operations and safety of the aircraft and for
the safety of all crew members, passengers and cargo on board, when the doors
are closed, the moment the aircraft is ready to move for the purpose of taking off
until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight and the engine(s)
used as primary propulsion units are shut down.
c. The PIC of an aircraft shall have final authority as to the operation of the aircraft
while he or she is in command.
d. The PIC of an aircraft shall, whether manipulating the controls or not, be
responsible for the operation of the aircraft in accordance with the rules of the air.
e. In an emergency during flight, the PIC shall ensure that all persons on board are
instructed in such emergency action as may be appropriate to the circumstances.

8.6 FLIGHT PLANNING AND SUPERVISION

CONTENTS OF A FLIGHT PLAN

a. Each person filing an IFR or VFR flight plan shall include in it the following
information
1. Aircraft identification;
2. Flight rules and type of flight;
3. Number and type(s) of aircraft and wake turbulence category;
4. Equipment;
5. Departure airport and alternate (if required);
6. Estimated off-block time;
7. Cruising speed(s);
8. Cruising level(s);
9. Route to be followed;
10. Destination airport and alternate (if required);
11. Fuel endurance;
12. Total number of persons on board;
13. Emergency and survival equipment; and
14. Other information.

8.7 AIRCRAFT OPERATING AND PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS

8.8 FLIGHT RULES

8.9 PASSENGERS AND PASSENGER HANDLING

ALL PASSENGER CARRYING OPERATIONS

UNACCEPTABLE CONDUCT
a. No person on board may interfere with a crew member in the performance of his
or her duties.
b. No person on board an aircraft shall recklessly or negligently act or omit to act in
such a manner as to endanger the aircraft or persons and property therein.
c. No person may secrete himself or herself nor secrete cargo on board an aircraft.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
d. No person may smoke while the no-smoking sign is lighted.
e. No person may smoke in any airplane lavatory.
f. No person may tamper with, disable or destroy any smoke detector installed in any
airplane lavatory.

8.10 CREW MEMBER AND FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER QUALIFICATIONS: COMMERCIAL

AIR TRANSPORT

LIMITATION OF PRIVILEGES OF PILOTS WHO HAVE ATTAINED THEIR 60TH BIRTHDAY AND
CURTAILMENT OF PRIVILEGES OF PILOTS WHO HAVE ATTAINED THEIR 65TH AND 67TH
BIRTHDAY

a. No person may serve nor may any AOC holder use a person as a required PIC in
single pilot operations on aircraft engaged in commercial air transport operations
if that person has reached his or her 60th birthday.
b. For aircraft engaged in domestic commercial air transport operations requiring
more than one pilot as flight crew members, the AOC holder may use one pilot up
to age 67 provided that the other pilot is less than age 60.
c. For aircraft engaged in international commercial air transport operations requiring
more than one pilot as flight crew members, the AOC may use one pilot up to 65
provided that the other pilot is less than age 60.
d. Check airmen who have reached their 65th birthday or who do not hold an
appropriate medical certificate may continue their check airman functions, but may
not serve as or occupy the position of a required pilot flight crew member on an
airplane engaged in commercial air transport operations.

8.11 FATIGUE MANAGEMENT FOR FLIGHT TIME, FLIGHT DUTY PERIODS, DUTY PERIODS
AND REST PERIODS: COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT

FLIGHT TIME, DUTY AND REST PERIODS: FLIGHT CREW MEMBERS

a. No scheduled and non-scheduled domestic operator may schedule any flight crew
member and no flight crew member may accept an assignment for flight time in
scheduled air transportation or in other commercial flying if that crew member's
total flight time in all commercial flying will exceed:
1. 1,000 hours in any calendar year;
2. 100 hours in any calendar month;
3. 30 hours in any 7 consecutive days; or
4. 8 hours between required rest periods.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Part 9 – AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATION AND ADMINISTRATION

9.1 AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

APPLICABILITY

a. Part 9 applies to the carriage of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire
by persons whose principal place of business or permanent residence is located in
Republic of the Philippines.
b. This part prescribes requirements for the original certification and continued
validity of air operator certificates (AOC) issued by Republic of the Philippines.

DEFINITIONS

a. The following definitions shall apply:

1. Acceptance checklist. A document used to assist in carrying out a check on
the external appearance of packages of dangerous goods and their associated
documents to determine that all appropriate requirements have been met.
2. Air operator certificate (AOC). A certificate authorizing an operator to carry
out specified commercial air transport operations.
3. Configuration deviation list (CDL). A list established by the organization
responsible for the type design with the approval of the State of Design which
identifies any external parts of an aircraft type which may be missing at the
commencement of a flight, and which contains, where necessary, any
information on associated operating limitations and performance correction.
4. Consignment. One or more packages of dangerous goods accepted by an
operator from one shipper at one time and at one address, receipted for in one
lot and moving to one consignee at one destination address.
5. Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Meteorological conditions
expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than the
minima specified for visual meteorological conditions.
6. Lease (Wet). A lease where the aircraft is provided with crew.
7. Lease (Damp or Moist). A wet lease aircraft that includes the cockpit crew
but not the cabin crew.
8. Lease (Dry). A lease where the aircraft is provided without crew.
9. Performance-based navigation (PBN). Area navigation based on
performance requirements for aircraft operating along an ATS route, on an
instrument approach procedure or in a designated airspace.

ABBREVIATIONS

a. The following definitions shall apply:

1. AOC – Air Operator Certificate
2. AMO – Approved Maintenance Organization
3. ATP – Air Transport Pilot

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
4. CAT – Commercial Air Transport or approach Category
5. CDL – Configuration Deviation List
6. FAA – Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.A.)
7. IFR – Instrument Flight Rules
8. IMC – Instrument Meteorological Conditions
9. JAA – Joint Aviation Authorities
10. MEL – Minimum Equipment List
11. PBN – Performance-based Navigation
12. PIC – Pilot-In-Command
13. RNAV – Area Navigation
14. SMS – Safety Management System
15. VFR – Visual Flight Rules
16. VMC – Visual Meteorological Conditions

APPLICATION FOR AN AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. An operator applying to the Authority for an AOC shall submit an application:

1. In a form and manner prescribed by the Authority; and
2. Containing any information the Authority requires the applicant to submit.
b. Each applicant shall make the application for an initial issue of an AOC at least 90
days before the date of intended operation, except the Operations Manual specified
which may be submitted later but not less than 60 days before the date of intended
operation.

ISSUANCE OR DENIAL OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. The Authority may issue an AOC if, after investigation, the Authority finds that the
applicant:
1. Is a citizen of the Republic of the Philippines;
2. Has its principal place of business and its registered office, if any, located in
Republic of the Philippines;
3. Meets the applicable regulations and standards for the holder of an AOC;
4. Has at least three (3) aircraft, one (1) of which must be owned by the applicant;
5. Is properly and adequately equipped for safe operations in commercial air
transport and maintenance of the aircraft; and
6. Holds the economic authority issued by the Republic of the Philippines under
the provisions of the Civil Aviation Law.
b. The Authority may deny application for an AOC if the Authority finds that:
1. The applicant is not properly or adequately equipped or is not able to conduct
safe operations in commercial air transport;
2. The applicant previously held an AOC which was revoked;
3. The applicant fails to comply with the required number of aircraft; or
4. An individual that contributed to the circumstances causing the revocation
process of an AOC obtains a substantial ownership or is employed in a
position required by this regulation.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

CONTENTS OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. The AOC will consist of two documents

1. A one-page certificate for public display signed by the Authority, and
2. Operations specifications containing the terms and conditions applicable to the
operator’s certificate.
b. The AOC shall contain at least the following information:
1. The State of the Operator and issuing authority;
2. The Air Operator Certificate number and expiration date;
3. The operator name, trading name (if different) and address of the principal
place of business;
4. The date of issue and the name, signature and title of the authority
representative; and
5. The location, in a controlled document carried on board, where the contact
details of operational management can be found.
c. The operations specifications associated with the AOC shall contain at least the
information listed as under.
1. For each aircraft model in the operator’s fleet, identified by aircraft make,
model and series;
2. The following list of authorizations, conditions and limitations shall be included:
(i) Issuing authority contact details;
(ii) Operator’s name and AOC number;
(iii) Date of issue and signature of the authority representative;
(iv) Aircraft model and type;
(v) The authorized area of operations; and
(vi) Special limitations and authorizations.
d. Air operator certificates and their associated operations specifications first issued
from 20 November 2008 shall follow the layouts prescribed in IS: 9.1.1.7.

DURATION OF AN AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

(a) An AOC, or any portion of the AOC, issued by the Authority is effective for a period
of 24 months or such lesser period as may be specified by CAAP and remains valid
until:
1. The Authority amends, suspends, revokes or otherwise terminates the
certificate; (2) The operator surrenders it to the Authority; or
2. The operator suspends operations for more than 60 days.
3. An operator shall make application for renewal of an AOC at least 30 days
before the end of the existing period of validity.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED WITH THE APPLICATION FOR AN

AOC

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
a. Financial information required for original issue or renewal of the AOC: Each
applicant for the original issue or renewal of a scheduled or non-scheduled
international or domestic AOC must submit the following financial information:
1. A balance sheet that shows assets, liabilities, and net worth, as of a date not
more than 60 days before the date of application.
2. In the case of an application for renewal, the most recent profit and loss
statement
3. An itemization of liabilities more than 60 days past due on the balance sheet
date
4. An itemization of claims in litigation
5. In the case of an application for original issue, a detailed projection of the
proposed operation covering 6 complete months after the month in which the
certificate is expected to be issued.
6. An estimate of the cash that will be needed for the proposed operations during
the first 6 months after the month in which the certificate is expected to be
issued.
7. An estimate of the cash that will be available during the first 6 months after
the month in which the certificate is expected to be issued.
8. A schedule of insurance coverage in effect on the balance sheet date showing
insurance companies; policy numbers; types, amounts, and periods of
coverage; and special conditions, exclusions, and limitations.
9. Periodic financial reports

RENEWAL OF AN AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. An operator shall make application for renewal of an AOC at least 60 days before
the expiry date on the certificate. The application will:
1. Be made in a form and manner prescribed by the Authority; and
2. Contain the information as prescribed in the associated regulations and
guidance materials.

9.2 AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATION AND CONTINUED VALIDITY

MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL REQUIRED FOR COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT OPERATIONS

a. Each operator shall have an accountable manager, acceptable to the Authority, who
has corporate authority for ensuring that all flight operations and maintenance
activities can be financed and carried out to the highest degree of safety standards
required by the Authority.
b. When conducting commercial air transport operations, the operator shall have qualified
personnel, with proven competency in civil aviation, available and serving in the
following positions or their equivalent:
1. Director of Operations
2. Head of Training for Flight Crew
3. Chief Pilot
4. Director of Safety

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
5. Director of Maintenance
6. Quality Manager

SUBMISSION AND REVISION OF POLICY AND PROCEDURE MANUALS

a. Each operator shall submit the proposed policy or procedure to the Authority at
least 30 days prior to the date of intended implementation. In an event of urgency
of implementation, the operator may seek permission from the Authority, with
justification, to reduce this period of 30 days.

COCKPIT VOICE AND FLIGHT DATA RECORDER RECORDS

a. Each AOC holder shall retain:

1. The most recent flight data recorder calibration, including the recording medium
from which this calibration is derived: and
2. The flight data recorder correlation for one aircraft of any group of aircraft
operated by the operator:
b. In the event of an accident or incident requiring immediate notification to the
Authority, the operator shall remove and keep recorded information from the
cockpit voice recorder and flight data recorder for at least 60 days or, if requested
by the Authority, for a longer period.
c. The operator shall ensure the preservation of all related flight recorder records
and, if necessary, the associated flight recorders (cockpit voice recorder and flight
data recorder), and their retention in safe custody pending their disposition

9.3 AOC FLIGHT OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL LOG ENTRIES - JOURNEY RECORDS SECTION

a. Each aircraft journey log book (technical log) shall contain the following items and
corresponding Roman numerals for each flight:
1. Aircraft nationality and registration;
2. Date;
3. Names of crewmembers;
4. Duty assignments of crewmembers;
5. Place of departure;
6. Place of arrival;
7. Time of departure;
8. Time of arrival;
9. Hours of flight;
10. Nature of flight (private, aerial work, scheduled, or non-scheduled);
11. Incidents, observations, if any; and
12. Signature of person in charge.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
REQUIRED CABIN CREWS

a. The number of cabin crews may not be less than minimum prescribed, by the
Authority in the operator's operations specifications or the following, whichever is
greater:
1. For aircraft having type certificated seating capacity of more than 19 but less
than 51 passengers: one cabin crew member;
2. For aircraft having seating capacity of more than 50 but less than 101
passengers: two cabin crew members; and
3. For aircraft having seating capacity of more than 100 passengers: two cabin
crew members plus one additional cabin crew member for each unit (or part of
a unit) of 50 passenger seats above a seating capacity of 100 passengers.
b. In unforeseen circumstances in outstations, the required minimum number of cabin
crew may be reduced provided that:
(1) the number of passengers has been reduced in accordance with the procedures
specified in the Operations Manual; and
(2) a report is submitted to the Authority after completion of the flight.
c. When passengers are on board a parked aircraft, the minimum number of cabin
crew members shall be one-half that required for the flight operation, but never
less than one cabin crew (or another person qualified in the emergency evacuation
procedures for the aircraft).

ROUTES AND AREAS OF OPERATION

a. No person may conduct commercial air transport operations on any route or area
of operation unless those operations are in accordance with any restrictions
imposed by the Authority.
b.

9.4 AOC MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

MAINTENANCE RECORDS

a. Each operator shall ensure that a system has been established to keep, in a form
acceptable to the Authority, the following records:
1. The total time in service (hours, calendar time and cycles, as appropriate) of
the aircraft and all life-limited components;
2. The current status of compliance with all mandatory continuing airworthiness
information;
3. Appropriate details of modifications and repairs to the aircraft and its major
components;
4. The time in service (hours, calendar time and cycles, as appropriate) since last
overhaul of the aircraft or its components subject to mandatory overhaul life;
5. The current aircraft status of compliance with the maintenance program; and
6. The detailed maintenance records to show that all requirements for signing of
a maintenance release and RTS have been met.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
b. Each operator shall ensure that items in subparagraphs (a)(1) to (5) shall be kept
for a minimum of 90 days after the unit to which they refer has been permanently
withdrawn from service, and the records in subparagraph (a)(6) shall be kept for
a minimum of 1 year after the signing of the maintenance release and/or RTS.
c. Each operator shall ensure that in the event of temporary change of operator, the
records specified in paragraph (a) shall be made available to the new operator.
d. Each operator shall ensure that when an aircraft is permanently transferred from
one operator to another operator, the records specified in paragraph (a) are also
transferred.

RETURN TO SERVICE (RTS)

a. An operator shall not operate an aircraft unless it is maintained and returned to

service by an organization approved in accordance with Part 6 or an organization,
which shall be acceptable to the State of Registry.
b. The RTS can only be made after a maintenance release is issued by the
appropriately certified and rated AMO in accordance with the AMO maintenance
procedures manual and AOC maintenance control manual and, as applicable.
c. When that State of Registry accepts an equivalent system of maintenance, the
persons designated to sign a maintenance release or RTS shall be licensed in
accordance with or under equivalent licensing requirements of Part 2.
d. The operator shall give a copy of the maintenance release for the aircraft to the
PIC, or ensure that an entry noting the release is made in the maintenance section
of the aircraft technical log.

MODIFICATION AND REPAIRS

a. All modifications and repairs shall comply with airworthiness requirements of this
CAR and acceptable to the authority and the State of Registry. Procedures shall be
established to ensure that the substantiating data supporting compliance with the
airworthiness requirements are retained. However, in the case of a major repair or
major modification, the work must have been done in accordance with technical
data approved by the Authority.

AUTHORITY TO PERFORM AND APPROVE MAINTENANCE PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND

MODIFICATIONS

a. An operator shall make arrangements with an appropriately rated AMO for the
performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or modifications of any
aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component, or part
thereof as provided in the applicable aircraft maintenance program and operator’s
maintenance control manual.
b. An AMO may perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or modifications on
any aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component, or a part
thereof and certify a return to service, if approved in its specific operating
provisions, as provided in the applicable aircraft maintenance program and
operator’s maintenance control manual.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
REST AND DUTY LIMITATIONS FOR PERSONS PERFORMING MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS ON
AOC HOLDER AIRCRAFT

a. No person may assign, nor shall any person perform maintenance functions for
aircraft certified for commercial air transport, unless that person has had a
minimum rest period of 8 hours prior to the beginning of duty.
b. No person may schedule a person performing maintenance functions for aircraft
Certified for commercial air transport for more than 12 consecutive hours of duty.
c. In situations involving unscheduled aircraft unserviceability, persons performing
maintenance functions for aircraft certified for commercial air transport may be
continued on duty for:
1. Up to 16 consecutive hours; or
2. 20 hours in 24 consecutive hours.
d. Following unscheduled duty periods, the person performing maintenance functions
for aircraft shall have a mandatory rest period of 10 hours.
e. The operator shall relieve the person performing maintenance functions from all
duties for 24 consecutive hours during any 7 consecutive day period.

9.5 AOC SECURITY MANAGEMENT

SECURITY TRAINING PROGRAM

a. Each operator shall establish, maintain and conduct an approved security training
program which ensures crew members act in the most appropriate manner to
minimize the consequences of acts of unlawful interference.

AOC DANGEROUS GOODS MANAGEMENT

a. Each operator shall comply with the provisions contained in the ICAO Technical
Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods By Air, ICAO Doc. 9284
(Technical Instructions) on all occasions when dangerous goods are carried,
irrespective of whether the flight is wholly or partly within or wholly outside the
territory of Republic of the Philippines.
b. Articles and substances which would otherwise be classed as dangerous goods are
excluded from the provisions of Subpart 9.6, to the extent specified in the Technical
Instructions, provided they are
1. Required to be aboard the aircraft for operating reasons;
2. Carried as catering or cabin service supplies;
3. Carried for use in flight as veterinary aid or as a humane killer for an animal;
or
4. Carried for use in flight for medical aid for a patient, provided that-
(i) Gas cylinders have been manufactured specifically for the purpose of
containing and transporting that particular gas;
(ii) Drugs, medicines and other medical matter are under the control of trained
personnel during the time when they are in use in the aircraft;
(iii) Equipment containing wet cell batteries is kept and, when necessary
secured, in an upright position to prevent spillage of the electrolyte; and

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(iv) Proper provision is made to stow and secure all the equipment during take-
off and landing and at all other times when deemed necessary by the PIC
in the interests of safety; or
(v) They are carried by passengers or crewmembers.

INSPECTION FOR DAMAGE, LEAKAGE OR CONTAMINATION

a. Each operator shall ensure that:

1. Packages; over-packs and freight containers are inspected for evidence of
leakage or damage immediately prior to loading on an aircraft or into a unit
load device, as specified in the Technical Instructions:
2. A unit load device is not loaded on an aircraft unless it has been inspected as
required by the Technical Instructions and found free from any evidence of
leakage from, or damage to, the dangerous goods contained therein;
3. Leaking or damaged packages, over-packs or freight containers are not loaded
on an aircraft;
4. Any package of dangerous goods found on an aircraft and which appears to be
damaged or leaking is removed or arrangements made for its removal by an
appropriate authority or organization.
5. After removal of any leaking or damaged goods, the remainder of the
consignment is inspected to ensure it is in a proper condition for transport and
that no damage or contamination has occurred to the aircraft or its load; and

LOADING RESTRICTIONS AND STOWAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS

a. Each operator shall ensure that packages and over-packs containing dangerous
goods and freight containers containing radioactive materials are loaded and
stowed in accordance with the Technical Instructions.
1. Passenger Cabin and Flight Deck. Each operator shall ensure that dangerous
goods are not carried in an aircraft cabin occupied by passengers or on the
flight deck, unless otherwise specified in the Technical Instructions.
2. Cargo Compartments. Each AOC holder shall ensure that dangerous goods are
loaded, segregated, stowed and secured on an aircraft as specified in the
Technical Instructions.
3. Dangerous Goods Designated for Carriage Only on Cargo Aircraft . Each
operator shall ensure that packages of dangerous goods bearing the “Cargo
Aircraft Only” label are carried on a cargo aircraft and loaded as specified in
the Technical Instructions, and in a manner that a crew member or other
authorized person can see, handle and, where size and weight permit, separate
such packages from other cargo in flight.
b. Packages containing dangerous goods shall be separated when stowing
c. The operator shall protect and secure any dangerous goods in such a manner that
will prevent any movement in flight that might change the orientation of the
packages.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
PROVISION OF INFORMATION

a. Information to Ground Staff

b. Information to Passengers
c. Information to Shippers
d. Information to Acceptance Points Personnel
e. Information to Crew Members
f. Information to the PIC
g. Information in the Event of an In-Flight Emergency
h. Information in the Event of an Aircraft Incident or Accident

DANGEROUS GOODS INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT REPORTS

a. Each operator shall report dangerous goods incidents and accidents to the
Authority within 72 hours of the event, unless exceptional circumstances prevent
this.
b. Each operator shall report undeclared or mis-declared dangerous goods discovered
in cargo or passenger’s baggage to the Authority within 72 hours of the discovery,
unless exceptional circumstances prevent this.

9.7 SAFETY MANAGEMENT

SAFETY MANAGEMENT

a. Each operator of an aircraft and approved maintenance organization shall establish

a safety program, in order to achieve an acceptable level of safety in the operation
and maintenance of aircraft that shall be approved by the Authority.
b. From 1 January 2009, as part of their safety program, that an operator/approved
maintenance organization implements a safety management system acceptable to
the Authority that, as a minimum:
(1) identifies safety hazards;
(2) ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain an acceptable level of
safety is implemented;
(3) provides for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the safety level
achieved; and
(4) aims to make continuous improvement to the overall level of safety.
c. A safety management system shall clearly define lines of safety accountability
throughout the organization of operator/approved maintenance organization,
including a direct accountability for safety on the part of senior management.
d. An operator of an airplane of a certificated take-off mass in excess of 20,000 kg
(and a helicopter of a certificated take-off mass in excess of 7,000 kg or having a
passenger seating configuration of more than 9 and fitted with flight data recorder)
should establish and maintain a flight data analysis program as part of its safety
management system.
e. An operator of an airplane of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of
27,000 kg shall establish and maintain a flight data analysis program as part of its
safety management system.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Part 10 – COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT BY FOREIGN AIR CARRIERS

WITHIN REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

10.1 GENERAL

a. This regulation prescribes requirements applicable to the operation of any civil

aircraft, including airplane or helicopter, for –
1. The purpose of commercial air transportation operations by any air carrier
whose Air Operator Certificate is issued and;
2. Controlled by a civil aviation authority other than the Republic of the
Philippines.
b. Part 10 does not apply to aircraft when used by military, customs, and police
services, which are not used for compensation or hire.
c. Part 10 prescribes the regulations governing the operations within Republic of the
Philippines of aircraft of each foreign air carrier holding a permit issued by the Civil
Aeronautics Boards under the provisions of Republic Act 776 and/or Republic Act
9497.

ABBREVIATIONS

a. The following abbreviations are used in Part 10:

1. AFM – Airplane Flight Manual
2. AOC – Air Operator Certificate
3. AOM – Airplane Operating Manual
4. MEL – Minimum Equipment List
5. RFM – Rotorcraft Flight Manual

10.2 VALIDATION OF OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VALIDATION OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. No foreign air operator may commence commercial air transport operations in and
to the Republic of the Philippines, until the Validation of Air Operator Certificate
has been issued.
b. Where an air operator wishes to apply to operate in the Republic of the Philippines
it shall:
1. Make such application to the Authority in the form and manner prescribed in
Implementing Standards IS: 10.2.1.1; and
2. Pay the prescribed fees.
c. An application for Validation of Air Operator Certificate shall be accompanied by:
1. A copy of a valid air operator certificate or equivalent document issued by the
foreign authority;
2. A copy of the license or authorization granted to the air operator by the
appropriate authority of the State of the air operator

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
3. A copy of the approval page for a Minimum Equipment List for each aircraft
type
4. A copy of the Certificate of Registration
5. A copy of a document identifying the maintenance checks that are required to
be carried out for aircraft
6. A copy of the maintenance contract between the air operator and the Approved
Maintenance Organization (AMO
7. A copy of the lease agreement for any aircraft
8. A copy of any equivalent Operations Specifications
9. A proposed Aircraft Operator Security Program
10. Documents the Authority considers necessary to ensure that the intended
operations will be conducted safely; such as:
(i) Certificate of Airworthiness;
(ii) Aircraft Radio License;
(iii) (Certificate of Insurance;
(iv) Noise Certificate or equivalent document showing compliance with ICAO
Annex 16 Part I Chapter 3: Noise Standards;
(v) Certified aircraft maximum take-off weight; (vi) Certified aircraft maximum
passenger seating capacity;
(vi) Compliance with requirements for carriage of TCAS II (Change 7)
equipment; and (viii) Any other document the Authority considers
necessary.
d. An applicant under these Regulations shall apply for the initial issue of a Validation
of Air Operator Certificate at least ninety days before the date of commencement
of intended operation.

CONDITIONS FOR THE ISSUANCE OF VALIDATION OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. The Director General may issue a Validation of Air Operator Certificate to an air
operator who:
1. Has a valid Air Operator Certificate issued by a foreign Civil Aviation Authority;
2. Has had its Aircraft Operator Security Program approved by its Civil Aviation
Authority for the operations intended;
3. Meets the applicable flight operations requirements in PCAR Part 8 and the
equipment requirements in PCAR Part 7 for the operation to be conducted;
4. Meets the standards contained in applicable Annexes to the Chicago
Convention for the operations to be conducted; and
5. Philippine Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) approval.

CONDITIONS AND LIMITATIONS FOR OPERATIONS INTO, WITHIN, OR FROM THE

PHILIPPINE TERRITORY

a. Conditions and limitations issued shall specify which specific operations are
authorized, prohibited, limited or subject to certain conditions, in the interest of
public safety.

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b. Conditions and limitations issued under this Part shall contain details of the
following:
1. The purpose of issuance;
2. Applicability and duration;
3. Limitations to, or actions required by, the operator;
4. General provisions;
5. En-route authorization and limitations;
6. Aerodrome/heliport authorizations and limitations;
7. Maintenance;
8. Weight and balance;
9. Interchange or equipment operations; and
10. Aircraft leasing operations.

DURATION AND RENEWAL OF VALIDATION OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. An Operator shall make application for the renewal of a Validation of Foreign Air
Operator Certificate at least 30 days before the end of the existing period of
validity.

10.3 DOCUMENTS

AIR OPERATOR MANUALS DOCUMENTS AND FLIGHT CREW LICENSES TO BE CARRIED

a. A foreign air operator shall ensure that the following manuals, documents and
licenses are carried on flight:
1. A certified true copy of the AOC and a copy of the authorizations, conditions
and limitations relevant to the aircraft type– all of which be in English language;
2. Copy of the Validation of Air Operator Certificate and the Conditions and
Limitations required under this Part
3. The current parts of the Operations Manual relevant to the duties of the crew
are carried on each flight;
4. Those parts of the Operations Manual which are required for the conduct of a
flight are easily accessible to the crew on board the aircraft on each flight, such
as the MEL;
5. The current approved AFM or RFM approved by the State of Registry, or AOM
approved by the State of Operator
6. The current certificate of registration, and airworthiness certificate
7. The appropriate licenses of the members of the flight crew; and
8. Appropriate approval/license of crewmembers for aircraft radio operation.

PRESERVATION, PRODUCTION AND USE OF FLIGHT RECORDER RECORDINGS

a. Following an accident or incident, the foreign operator of an aircraft on which a

fight recorder is carried shall preserve the original recorded data for a period of
not less than 60 days unless otherwise directed by the Authority.

10.4 OPERATIONS AND PERFORMANCE

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COMPUTATION OF PASSENGER AND BAGGAGE WEIGHTS

a. A foreign air operator shall compute the weights of passengers and checked
baggage using:
1. The actual weighed weight of each person and the actual weighed weight of
baggage; or
2. The standard weight values specified by the foreign Authority.

10.5 FLIGHT CREW MEMBER QUALIFICATIONS

AGE LIMITATIONS

a. Foreign air operators shall ensure that the required PIC engaged in single pilot
operations on aircraft operating in Republic of the Philippines shall be less than 60
years of age.
b. Foreign air operators shall ensure, for aircraft engaged in operations in Republic of
the Philippines requiring more than one pilot as flight crew members, that if one
pilot is between the age of 60 and up to age 65, the other pilot shall be less than
age 60.

LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

a. As of 05 March 2008, foreign air operators shall ensure that flight crew operating
aircraft in Republic of the Philippines meet the language proficiency requirement
of least the operational Level 4 as contained in Part 2 of these Regulations for the
English language and that such proficiency is endorsed on the license.

10.6 SECURITY

10.7 DANGEROUS GOODS

OFFERING DANGEROUS GOODS FOR TRANSPORT BY AIR

a. No foreign air operator may accept dangerous goods for transport by air in the
Republic of the Philippines unless the foreign air operator:
1. Has been authorized to do so by the foreign Authority; and
2. Has conducted the required personnel training.
b. The foreign air operator shall properly classify, document, certify, describe,
package, mark, label and put in a fit condition for transport, dangerous goods as
required by the operator’s dangerous goods program as approved by the foreign
Authority.
c. The foreign air operator shall state in the Conditions and Limitations required in
Subpart 10.2 whether or not that operator has been authorized to accept
dangerous goods by the foreign Authority. (per Memorandum Circular No. 08-15,
series if 2015)
d. Where the foreign operator has been granted authority to accept dangerous goods,
and has an approved dangerous goods program authorized by the foreign

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Authority, the foreign operator shall file a copy of its dangerous goods program
with the Authority.

Part 11 – AERIAL WORK AND OPERATING LIMITATIONS FOR NON-TYPE

CERTIFICATED AIRCRAFT AERIAL WORK AND OPERATING LIMITATIONS
FOR NON-TYPE CERTIFICATED AIRCRAFT
This part contains amendments to implement the new provisions of Standards and
Recommended Practices (SARPs) of Annex 13 under Article 26 of ICAO (Chicago) Convention,
and the Corrective Actions Proposed (CAPs) per USOAP Audit Findings on Accident
Investigation Group (AIG) conducted to CAAP in CY-2009 which were duly considered and
accepted by ICAO.

11.1 GENERAL

APPLICABILITY
a. This Part contains the requirements for those operators and operations that are
considered to be aerial work in Republic of the Philippines.
b. All persons who conduct aerial work in Republic of the Philippines must comply
with certification requirements of this Part.

DEFINITIONS
a. For general definitions, see Part 1. For the purpose of Part 11, the following
definitions shall apply:
1. Aerial work. An aircraft operation in which an aircraft is used for specialized
services such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation
and patrol, search and rescue, aerial advertisement, etc.
2. Aerobatic flight. An intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in an
aircraft's attitude, an abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration, not
necessary for normal flight.
3. Agricultural aircraft operation. The operation of an aircraft for the purpose
of—
(i) Dispensing any economic poison,
(ii) Dispensing any other substance intended for plant nourishment, soil
treatment, propagation of plant life, or pest control, or
(iii) Engaging in dispensing activities directly affecting agriculture, horticulture,
or forest preservation, but not including the dispensing of live insects.
4. Banner. An advertising medium supported by a temporary framework
attached externally to the aircraft and towed behind the aircraft.
5. Beyond Visual Line Of Sight (BVLOS) an operation in which the remote
pilot or RPA observer maintains contact with the RPA other than using VLOS.
6. Controlled Airspace an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic
control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification.
7. Controller of an RPA means a person who manipulates the flight controls of
a Remotely Piloted Aircraft.

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8. Detect and Avoid the capability to see, sense or detect conflicting traffic or
other hazards and take the appropriate action.
9. Economic poison. Any substance or mixture of substances intended for—
(i) Preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any insects, rodents,
nematodes, fungi, weeds, and other forms of plant or animal life or viruses,
except viruses on or in living human beings or other animals, which the
Republic of the Philippines may declare to be a pest, and
(ii) Use as a plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant.
10. Large RPA means RPA with a gross weight of 7kgs and above.
11. Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) an unmanned aircraft which is piloted from
a remote pilot station.
12. Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) a remotely piloted aircraft, its
associated remote pilot stations, the required command and control links and
any other components as specified in the type design.
13. Rotorcraft load combinations. Configurations for external loads carried by
rotorcraft—
(i) Class A – external load fixed to the rotorcraft, cannot be jettisoned, and
does not extend below the landing gear, used to transport cargo.
(ii) Class B – external load suspended from the rotorcraft, which can be
jettisoned, and is transported free of land or water during rotorcraft
operations.
(iii) Class C – external load suspended from the rotorcraft, which can be
jettisoned, but remains in contact with land or water during rotorcraft
operation.
(iv) Class D - external load suspended from the rotorcraft for the carriage of
persons.
14. Small RPA means RPA with a gross weight of below 7kgs.
15. Visual Line Of Sight (VLOS) an operation in which the remote pilot or RPA
observer maintains direct unaided visual contact with the remotely piloted
aircraft. (per Memorandum Circular no. 29-15, series of 2015)

ABBREVIATIONS
a. The following abbreviations are used in Part 11:
1. AGL - Above Ground Level
2. PIC – Pilot-in-command
3. IFR – Instrument Flight Rules.

COMPLIANCE WITH A CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION

a. An operator shall not engage in aerial work operations unless in possession of a
valid certificate of authorization issued by the Authority.

APPLICATION FOR A CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION

a. Each applicant shall make the application for an initial issue of a certificate of
authorization at least 90 days before the date of intended operation.

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
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ISSUANCE OR DENIAL OF CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION
a. The Authority may issue a certificate of authorization if, after investigation, the
Authority finds that the applicant:
1. Is a citizen of the Republic of the Philippines,
2. Has its principle place of business and its registered office, if any, located in
Republic of the Philippines;
3. Meets the applicable regulations and standards for the holder of a certificate
of authorization;
4. Is properly and adequately equipped for safe operations in aerial work and
maintenance of the aircraft; and
b. The Authority may deny application for a certificate of authorization if the
Authority finds that:
1. The applicant is not properly or adequately equipped or is not able to conduct
safe aerial work operations;
2. The applicant previously held a certificate of authorization which was evoked;
or
3. An individual that contributed to the circumstances causing the revocation
process of a certificate of authorization obtains a substantial ownership or is
employed in a position required by this regulation.

CONTENTS OF CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION

a. The certificate of authorization will consist of two documents
1. A one-page certificate for public display signed by the Authority, and
2. Operations specifications containing the terms and conditions applicable to the
certificate of authorization.
b. The certificate of authorization shall contain at least the following information and
shall follow the layout prescribed in IS: 9.1.1.7:
1. The State of the Operator and issuing authority;
2. The certificate of authorization number and expiration date;
3. The operator name, trading name (if different) and address of the principal
place of business;
4. The date of issue and the name, signature and title of the authority
representative; and
5. The location, in a controlled document carried on board, where the contact
details of operational management can be found.
c. The operations specifications associated with the certificate of authorization shall
contain at least the information listed as under and shall follow the layout
prescribed in IS: 9.1.1.7:
1. For each aircraft model in the operator’s fleet, identified by aircraft make,
model and series;
2. The following list of authorizations, conditions and limitations shall be included:
(i) Issuing authority contact details;
(ii) Operator’s name and certificate of authorization number;
(iii) Date of issue and signature of the authority representative;
(iv) Aircraft model and type;
(v) The authorized area of operations; and
(vi) Special limitations and authorizations.

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
DURATION OF A CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATIION
a. A certificate of authorization, issued by the Authority is effective until:
1. Its validity for a period of three (3) years.
2. The Authority amends, suspends, revokes or otherwise terminates the
certificate;
3. The operator surrenders it to the Authority; or
4. The operator suspends operations for more than 60 days.
5. An operator shall make application for renewal of a certificate of authorization
at least 30 days before the end of the existing period of validity.

AMENDMENT OF A CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION

a. A certificate of authorization may be amended—
1. On the Authority’s own initiative, under applicable laws and regulations; or
2. Upon application by the holder of that certificate of authorization.
b. A holder of that certificate of authorization shall submit any application to amend
an certificate of authorization on a form and in a manner prescribed by the
Authority. The applicant shall file the application at least 15 days before the date
that it proposes the amendment become effective.
c. The Authority will grant a request to amend a certificate if it determines that safety
in aerial work and the public interest so allow.
d. Within 30 days after receiving a refusal to amend, the holder may petition the
Authority to reconsider the refusal.
e. No person may perform an aerial work operation for which a certificate of
authorization amendment is required, unless it has received notice of the approval
from the Authority.

ACCESS FOR INSPECTION

a. Each operator shall provide to the Authority a forward observer's seat on each of
the aircraft from which the flight crew's actions and conversations may be easily
observed.

CONDUCTING TESTS AND INSPECTIONS

a. The operator shall allow the Authority to conduct tests and inspections, at any time
or place, to determine whether an operator is complying with the applicable laws,
regulations and certificate of authorization terms and conditions.
b. The operator shall make available at its principal base of operations:
1. All portions of its current certificate of authorization;
2. All portions of its Operations and Maintenance Manuals; and
3. A current listing that includes the location and individual positions responsible
for each record, document and report required to be kept by the holder of
certificate of authorization under the applicable aviation law, regulations or
standards.
c. Failure by any operator to make available to the Authority upon request, all
portions of the certificate of authorization, Operations and Maintenance Manuals

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and any required record, document or report is grounds for suspension of all or
part of the certificate of authorization.

11.2 AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS

GENERAL
a. Part 11 prescribes rules governing—
1. Agricultural aircraft operations within Republic of the Philippines; and
2. The issue of commercial and private agricultural aircraft operator certificates
for those operations.
b. In a public emergency, a person conducting agricultural aircraft operations under
Part 11 may, to the extent necessary, deviate from the operating rules of Part 11
for relief and welfare activities approved by an agency and shall, within 10 days
after the deviation send to the Authority a complete report of the aircraft operation
involved, including a description of the operation and the reasons for it.

CERTIFICATION RULES
a. Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, no person may
conduct agricultural aircraft operations without, or in violation of, an agricultural
aircraft operator certificate issued under Part 11.
b. An operator may, if it complies with this Subpart, conduct agricultural aircraft
operations with a rotorcraft with external dispensing equipment in place without a
rotorcraft external-load operator certificate.
c. A local or national government conducting agricultural aircraft operations with
public aircraft need not comply with this Subpart.
d. The holder of a rotorcraft external-load operator certificate under Part 11 may
conduct an agricultural aircraft operation, involving only the dispensing of water
on forest fires by rotorcraft external-load means.

11.3 ROTORCRAFT EXTERNAL LOADS

APPLICABILITY
a. This Subpart prescribes—
1. Airworthiness certification rules for rotorcraft used in external-load operations;
and
2. Operating and certification rules governing the conduct of rotorcraft external-
load operations in Republic of the Philippines.
b. The certification rules of Part 11 do not apply to—
1. Rotorcraft manufacturers when developing external-load attaching means;
2. Operations conducted by a person demonstrating compliance for the issuance
of a certificate or authorization under Part 11;(3) Training flights conducted in
preparation for the demonstration of compliance with Part 11; or (4) A local or
national government conducting operations with public aircraft.
c. For the purpose of Part 11, a person other than a crewmember or a person who is
essential and directly connected with the external-load operation may be carried
only in approved Class D rotorcraft-load combinations.

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
CERTIFICATION RULES

LIMITATIONS ON PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT OPERATOR

a. No person may conduct an agricultural aircraft operation under the authority of a
private agricultural aircraft operator certificate—
1. For compensation or hire;
2. Over a congested area; or
3. Over any property unless he or she is the owner or lessee of the property, or
has ownership or other property interest in the crop located on that property.

ROTORCRAFT
a. An applicant must have the exclusive use of at least one rotorcraft that—
1. Was type certified under, and meets the requirements of, the several parts of
these regulations which prescribe requirements for rotorcraft external-load
operations;
2. Complies with the certification provisions in this Subpart that apply to the
rotorcraft-load combinations for which authorization is requested; and
3. Has a valid standard or restricted category airworthiness certificate.

PERSONNEL
a. An applicant shall hold, or have available the services of at least one person who
holds a current commercial or airline transport pilot certificate issued by the
Authority with a rating appropriate for the rotorcraft to be used.
b. An applicant shall designate one pilot, who may be the applicant, as chief pilot for
rotorcraft external-load operations.
c. An applicant may designate qualified pilots as assistant chief pilots to perform the
functions of the chief pilot when the chief pilot is not readily available.
d. The chief pilot and assistant chief pilots must be acceptable to the Authority and
each must hold a current Commercial or Airline Transport Pilot Certificate, with a
rating appropriate for the rotorcraft to be used.
e. A newly designated chief pilot shall comply with the knowledge and skill
requirements of this Subpart within 30 days or the operator may not conduct
further operations under the Rotorcraft External-Load Operator Certificate, unless
otherwise authorized by the Authority.

CARRIAGE OF PERSONS
a. No AOC holder may allow a person to be carried during rotorcraft external load
operations unless that person is a flight crew member; a flight crew member
trainee; performs an essential function in connection with the external load
operation; or is necessary to accomplish the work activity directly associated with
that operation.
b. The PIC shall ensure that all persons are briefed before takeoff on all pertinent
procedures to be followed (including normal, abnormal, and emergency
procedures) and equipment to be used during the external load operation.

AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS

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FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS REQUIREMENTS
a. Class A rotorcraft-load combinations: The operational flight check must consist of
at least the following maneuvers:
1. Take-off and landing.
2. Demonstration of adequate directional control while hovering.
3. Acceleration from a hover.
4. Horizontal flight at airspeeds up to the maximum airspeed for which
authorization is requested.
b. Class B and D rotorcraft-load combinations: The operational flight check must
consist of at least the following maneuvers:
1. Pickup of the external load.
2. Demonstration of adequate directional control while hovering.
3. Acceleration from a hover.
4. Horizontal flight at airspeeds up to the maximum airspeed for which
authorization is requested.
5. Demonstrating appropriate lifting device operation.
6. Maneuvering of the external load into release position and its release, under
probable flight operation conditions, by means of each of the quick-release
controls installed on the rotorcraft.
c. Class C rotorcraft-load combinations: For Class C rotorcraft-load combinations used
in wire-stringing, cable-laying, or similar operations, the operational flight check
must consist of the maneuvers, as applicable, prescribed in paragraph (c) of this
section.

11.4 GLIDER TOWING

AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS
a. No person may operate an aircraft that is towing a glider:
1. Unless the aircraft is equipped with a tow hook and release control system that
meet the applicable standards of airworthiness; and
2. The towline used has a breaking strength not less than 80 percent of maximum
certificated operating weight of the glider.
b. However, the towline used may have a breaking strength more than twice the
maximum certificated operating weight of the glider if a safety link is installed at
the point of attachment of the towline to:
1. the glider with breaking strength not less than 80 percent of maximum
certificated operating weight of the glider and not greater than twice this
operating weight; or
2. the towing aircraft with a breaking strength greater, but not more than 25
percent greater, than that of the safety link at the towed glider end of the
towline and not greater than twice the maximum certificated operating weight
of the glider.

EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

a. No person may act as a tow pilot for a glider unless that person has:
1. At least a private pilot license with a category rating for the tow aircraft;

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2. Logged at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in same aircraft category,
class, and type, if applicable, as the tow aircraft;
3. Received training in and instructor endorsement for:
(i) The techniques and procedures essential to the safe
towing of gliders, including airspeed limitations;
(ii) Emergency procedures;
(iii) Signals used; and
(iv) Maximum angles of bank.
4. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, has completed and had
endorsed at least three flights as the sole manipulator of the controls of an
aircraft towing a glider or simulating glider-towing flight procedures while
accompanied by a pilot who meets the requirements of this section; and
5. Within the preceding 12 months has:
(i) Made at least three actual glider tows; or
(ii) Made at least three flights as pilot-in-command of a glider towed by an
aircraft.

11.5 BANNER TOWING

AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS
a. No person may operate an aircraft that is towing a banner unless the aircraft is
equipped with a tow hook and release control system that meet the applicable
standards of airworthiness.
b. No person may operate a helicopter that is towing a banner unless the helicopter
has a means to prevent the banner from becoming entangled in the helicopter's
tail rotor during all phases of flight, including auto-rotations.

EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

a. For non-revenue flights, the pilot of the tow aircraft shall hold at least a valid
private pilot certificate and have a minimum of 200 hours PIC time.
b. When banner tow operations are conducted for compensation or hire, the pilot
shall have at least a commercial pilot certificate (instrument rating not required)
and at least a valid second class medical certificate.
c. All pilots engaged in banner towing operations shall demonstrate competence to
the Authority by performing at least one pickup and drop of the maximum number
of letters (panels) to be used by the certificate holder.

11.6 TV AND MOVIE OPERATIONS

AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENT

a. In order to be used in motion picture and television filming operations, aircraft in

the experimental category shall have an airworthiness certificate issued for the
purpose of exhibition.

EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

a. No pilot may conduct television and movie operations unless he or she has:

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
1. A commercial license with ratings appropriate to the category and class aircraft
to be used under the terms of the waiver.
2. At least 500 hours as PIC.
3. A minimum of 100 hours in the category and class of aircraft to be used.
4. A minimum of five hours in the make and model aircraft to be used under the
waiver.
5. If the pilot intends to perform aerobatics below 1,500 AGL, a Statement of
Aerobatics Competency for the operations to be performed.

OPERATING RULES AND WAIVER REQUIREMENTS

a. Each operator shall conduct operations so as not to endanger persons or property
on the surface nor aircraft in flight.
b. Each operator shall obtain a waiver from the Authority if filming sequences require
an aircraft to be flown:
1. In aerobatic flight below 1,500 AGL;
2. Over a congested area;
3. In controlled airspace; or
4. In other instances where a departure from the requirements in Part 8 is
needed.
c. The holder of the waiver shall provide a schedule of events that lists the:
1. Identification of the aircraft; and
2. Performers in the sequence of their appearance.
d. Any maneuvers added or time changes to the schedule of events shall be approved
by the Authority.
e. When conducting any filming operation requiring a waiver, the certificate holder
shall ensure that all reasonable efforts are made to confine spectators to
designated areas. If reasonable efforts have been taken and unauthorized persons
or vehicles enter the airspace where maneuvers are being performed during the
filming production event, efforts must be made to remove them.

11.7 SIGHT-SEEING FLIGHTS

APPLICABILITY
a. This Subpart applies to those operations involving the carriage of persons for
viewing natural formations or manmade objects on the ground when those
operations are conducted as part of a business enterprise or for compensation or
hire;
b. The flight returns to the airport of departure without having landed at any other
airport;
c. The flight is conducted within 25 statute mile radius of the departure airport; and
d. The certificated passenger capacity of the aircraft does not exceed 9 passengers.

EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

a. No pilot may conduct sightseeing operations unless he or she has:
1. At least a commercial license with ratings appropriate to the category and class
aircraft to be used under the terms of the waiver.

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2. At least 500 hours as PIC.
3. A minimum of 100 hours in the category and class of aircraft to be used.

11.8 FISH SPOTTING

APPLICABILITY
(a) This Subpart applies to those operations involving location, tracking, and reporting
on the location of fish and fish schools, when those operations are conducted as
part of a business enterprise or for compensation or hire.

OPERATING RULES
a. Each operator shall conduct operations so as not to endanger persons or property
on the surface nor aircraft in flight.
b. Minimum cloud clearance requirements and minimum altitude requirements of Part
8 do not apply to those persons to whom the Authority has specifically approved
different minimums as a part of an authorization under this Subpart.

EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

a. No pilot may conduct fish spotting operations unless he or she has:
1. At least a commercial pilot license with ratings appropriate to the category and
class aircraft to be used under the terms of the waiver.
2. At least 500 hours as PIC.
3. A minimum of 100 hours in the category and class of aircraft to be used.

11.9 NEWS MEDIA AND TRAFFIC REPORTING

APPLICABILITY
a. This Subpart applies to those operations involving the observation of, and reporting
on, news media events and/or vehicular traffic conditions on the highways and
streets when conducted by aircraft or airmen, or both, not designated as solely
public use.

EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

(a) No pilot may conduct news media or traffic reporting operations unless he or she
has:
1. At least a commercial pilot license with ratings appropriate to the category and
class aircraft to be used under the terms of the waiver.
2. At least 500 hours as PIC.
3. A minimum of 100 hours in the category and class of aircraft to be used.

11.10 NON-TYPE CERTIFICATED AIRCRAFT: OPERATING LIMITATIONS

Each person operating a non-type certificated aircraft shall operate within the following
prescribed limitations:
a. Amateur builders can select their own aircraft design and is not subject to the
Authority approval.
b. For registration and nationality marks refer to CAR Part 4.

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
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c. Aircraft airworthiness certificate will not be issued to non-type certificated
aircraft.
d. License to pilot these non-type certificated aircraft will not be issued by the
Authority.
e. Its place of operation will be evaluated and approved by the Authority.
f. Operators will be responsible in maintaining these non-type certificated aircraft
in safe condition so as not to be hazard to life and property.
g. Operators will be responsible to any damages to either life or property that
maybe incurred during the operation of these non-type certificated aircraft.
h. Except with the approval of the Authority, a non-type certificated aircraft shall
not be flown:
1. Outside the designated area of operation.
2. Without an operational two-way radio.
3. At a height in excess of 800 ft. above ground level within the designated
area of operation and outside of the approved lateral area.
4. Within 5 nautical miles (8 km) from an airport with an operational control
tower, unless two-way radio communication is established and prior
approval is obtained to enter controlled airspace/designated flight training
areas.
5. Over congested area or over open-air assemblies of people.
6. In clouds.
7. Between the period of sunset and sunrise.
8. In other than VFR conditions.
9. In aerobatics conditions.
10. In commercial conditions.
11. Without clearance from the control tower if operating within radio contact
of a controlled aerodrome.

11.11 REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

a. The person operating these aircraft or his agent shall submit a written application
specifying the details of the proposed operation to the Authority not less than
fifteen (15) days prior to a proposed flight.

GENERAL RPA OPERATIONS

a. A person must not operate a RPA over a populous area at a height less than the
height from which, if any of its components fails, it would be able to clear the area.
b. Subject to sub-regulations (c) and (d), a person operating a powered RPA must
ensure that, while the RPA is in flight, or is landing or taking off, it stays at least
30 meters away from anyone not directly associated with the operation of the RPA.
c. Sub-regulation (b) is also not contravened if, as part of a RPA flying competition,
a RPA is flown within 30 meters of a person who is judging a RPA flying
competition.

RPA RESTRICTED AREAS OF OPERATION

a. No person may operate RPA within the following envelope unless prior approval
has been granted by the Authority:

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
1. 400ft Above Ground Level (AGL);
2. 10 km radius from the Aerodrome Reference Point (ARP);
b. The RPA shall stay clear of populated area unless prior approval has been granted
by the Authority.
c. No person may operate an RPA in a controlled or prohibited airspace unless
authorized by the Authority.

REQUIREMENT FOR CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AND SPECIAL CERTIFICATE OF

AIRWORTHINESS
a. All RPAs used for commercial operations are required to be registered with the
Authority regardless of weight.
b. Non-commercial Large RPA shall be duly registered with the Authority.
c. RPAs with a gross weight of 150kgs and above are required to obtain a Special
Certificate of Airworthiness (SCA) or an Experimental Certificate (EC) in accordance
with PCAR Part 5.

REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT FOR COMMERCIAL OPERATION

APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
a. No person may operate an RPA for commercial operations unless the person holds
an RPAS Operator Certificate.
b. The applicant for RPAS Operator Certificate must hold the following documents:
1. User’s Manual issued by the Manufacturer;
2. RPA Insurance/Third Party Liability (TPL);
3. Special Certificate of Airworthiness (if applicable); and
4. RPA Certificate of Registration issued by the Authority.

ELIGIBILITY FOR ISSUANCE OF AN RPAS OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. No person is eligible to be a RPA Operator Certificate Holder unless:
1. the person has an organization and structure that is appropriate for safe
operation of RPAs;
2. the person has enough qualified and experienced personnel to undertake the
proposed operations safely;
3. the person has facilities and equipment appropriate to carry out the proposed
operations using RPAs of the type to be used;
4. the person has suitable practices and procedures to conduct operation; and
5. the person has nominated suitable persons as chief RPA controller and
maintenance controller.
b. Two or more persons cannot be certified jointly as a RPA operator.

CONDITIONS ON RPAS OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. It is a condition of the certification of a person as a RPA operator that he/she:
(1) maintains within its organization a position of chief RPA controller having at
least the functions and duties of a chief controller.
(2) employs as its chief RPA controller a person who is certified as a RPA controller
and who is competent to carry out those duties and perform those functions;
or

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
(3) has an arrangement with another qualified and competent person to carry out
those functions and duties; and (b)
b. If the RPA operator operates more than 1 RPA, the chief RPA controller must carry
out the duties and functions as such on a full-time basis.

RPAS OPERATOR CERTIFICATE AND OPERATIONS SPECIFICATION CONTENTS

a. The RPAS Operator Certificate shall contain the following:
1. Name of operator
2. Name of accountable person
3. Operator address
4. Operator contact details
5. Validity of certificate
6. Certificate control number
b. The RPAS Operator Certificate shall be accompanied by an Operations
Specifications containing the following:
1. Name of operator
2. Operator contact information
3. RPA model
4. RPA registry number
5. Type of operation
6. Area of operation
7. Special authorization

VALIDITY OF RPAS OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

a. An RPAS Operator Certificate issued by the Authority is effective for a period of
three (3) years from date of issuance and remains valid until:
1. The Authority amends, suspends, revokes or otherwise terminates the
certificate;
2. The operator surrenders it to the Authority.

REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT FOR NON-COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS

RPAs Flying Display/Air Show

a. No person or entity may conduct an RPA Flying Display or Air Show unless duly
authorized by the Authority and complies with the following:
1. Pre-approved area of operations
2. At least sixty (60) calendar days before the display somebody is nominated as
the organizer of the display;
3. At least sixty (60) calendar days before the display the organizer shall provide
the Authority with the following information:
(i) his name, address and telephone number;
(ii) the proposed program of flying
(iii) where the display will be held, and how big the intended flying field is;
(iv) how many spectators are expected, and where they will be.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Part 13 – ACCIDENT & INCIDENT REPORTING & INVESTIGATION

This part contains amendments to implement the new provisions of Standards and
Recommended Practices (SARPs) of Annex 13 under Article 26 of ICAO (Chicago) Convention,
and the Corrective Actions Proposed (CAPs) per USOAP Audit Findings on Accident
Investigation Group (AIG) conducted to CAAP in CY-2009 which were duly considered and
accepted by ICAO.

SUBPART A: GENERAL

APPLICABILITY

c. This Part contains requirements of the Republic of the Philippines pertaining to—
1. Personal responsibility for initial notification and later reporting of aircraft
incidents and accidents and certain other occurrences in the operation of
aircraft, wherever they occur, when they involve civil aircraft registered or
operated by Republic of the Philippines; when they involve certain public
aircraft, as specified in this part, wherever they occur; and when they involve
foreign civil aircraft where the events occur in Republic of the Philippines.
2. Preservation of aircraft wreckage, mail, cargo, and re cords involving all civil
and certain public aircraft incidents and accidents, as specified in this part, in
Republic of the Philippines.
3. Conformance to the international Standards for accident and incident
reporting.
d. This Part is applicable to the—
1. Organizations and operators that operate aircraft or provide services
associated with the safe operation of aircraft; and
2. All Government agencies necessary to ensure the timely and correct
investigation and reporting of accidents.
e. This Part is also applicable to—
1. All persons associated with the safe operations of aircraft;
2. The general public where they have information pertinent to an accident or
incident investigation; and
3. The technical persons that participate in the investigations.

DEFINITIONS AND APPLICATION

a. As used in this part the following words or phrases are defined as follows—
1. Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP), means the publication
issued by the Authority in accordance with ICAO Annex 15.
2. Accident, means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft
which, in the case of a manned aircraft, takes place between the time any
person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such
persons have disembarked, or in the case of flight until such time it comes to
rest at the end of the flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down,
in which –
(i) A person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of—

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
A. being in the aircraft;
B. Direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have
become detached from the aircraft, or
C. Direct exposure to jet blast, except where the injuries arise from natural
causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or where the person
injured is a stowaway hiding outside the areas normally available to the
passengers and crew;
(ii) The aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which—
A. Adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight
characteristics of the aircraft, and
B. Would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected
component, except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is
limited to a single engine, (including its cowlings or accessories), to
propellers, wing tips, antennas, probes, vanes, tires, brakes, wheels,
fairings, panels, landing gear doors, windscreens, the aircraft skin (such
as small dents or puncture holes), for minor damages to main rotor
blades, landing gear, and those resulting from hail or bird strike
(including holes in the radome); or
(iii) The aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible
3. Accident investigation authority. The authority designated by a State as
responsible for aircraft accident and incident investigations within the context
of this Part.
4. Accredited representative. means a person designated by a Contracting
State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of participating
in an investigation conducted by another State. Where the State has
established an accident investigation authority, the designated accredited
representative would normally be from that Authority;
5. Adviser/Advisor. means a person appointed by a Contracting State, on the
basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of assisting its accredited
representative in an investigation conducted by another State;
6. Annex 13. means Annex 13 to the Chicago Convention on International Civil
Aviation as amended from time to time by the Council of the ICAO;
7. ATS. means air traffic services and includes flight information service, alerting
service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service, area control
service, approach control service and aerodrome control service;
8. Chairman. means the Head of the Aircraft Accident Investigation and Inquiry
Board.
9. Civil aircraft. Any aircraft other than a State aircraft
10. Contracting state. means any State which is a party to the Chicago
Convention;
11. Contributing Factors. Actions, omissions, events, conditions, or a
combination thereof, which, if eliminated, avoided or absent, would have
reduces the probability of the accident or incident occurring, or mitigated the
severity of the consequences of the accident or incident. The identification of

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
contributing factors does not imply the assignment of fault or the determination
of administrative, civil or criminal liability.
12. Final Report. means a report of an accident or incident in the format set out
in ICAO Annex 13 and which may be adapted to the circumstances of the
accident or incident under investigation;
13. Flight recorder. means any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the
purpose of complementing accident or incident investigation;
14. Flying display. means a civilian organized event (including any rehearsal for
such event) which —
(v) consists, wholly or partly, of an exhibition of flying of any civil or military
aircraft; and
(vi) takes place at an aerodrome or premises
15. Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the
operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of such
operation; Note 1: The Mandatory Reportable Incidents are listed in IS 13.175
1, 2, & 3. Note 2: The types of incidents which are of main interest to the ICAO
for accident prevention studies are listed in IS 13.030.
16. Investigation. A process conducted for the purpose of accident prevention
which includes the gathering and analysis of information, the drawing of
conclusions, including the determination of causes and/or contributing factors
and, when appropriate, the making of safety recommendations.
17. Investigator-in-charge. means a person designated by the Chairman on the
basis of his or her qualifications as such under paragraph 13.100(d) and
charged with the responsibility for the organization, conduct and control of an
investigation;
18. Military aircraft. means an aircraft—
1. belonging to the Republic of the Philippines Armed forces; or
2. belonging to any of the naval, military or air forces of any State;
19. Non-contracting state. means any State which is not a party to the Chicago
Convention;
20. Preliminary Report. means the communication used for the prompt
dissemination of data obtained during the early stages of the investigation;
21. Republic of the Philippines aircraft. means an aircraft that is registered in
the Republic of the Philippines;
22. Republic of the Philippines operator. means an operator whose principal
place of business is located in or permanent residence is in Republic of the
Philippines;
23. Safety recommendation. A proposal of an accident investigation authority
based on information derived from an investigation, made with the intention of
preventing accidents or incidents and which in no case has the purpose of
creating a presumption of blame or liability for an accident or incident. In
addition to safety recommendations arising from accident and incident
investigations, safety recommendations may result from diverse sources,
including safety studies;

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
24. Serious incident. An incident involving circumstances indicating that there
was a high probability of an accident and is associated with the operation of
an aircraft which, in the case of a manned aircraft, takes place between the
time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time
as all such persons have disembarked, or in the case of an unmanned aircraft,
takes place between the time the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of
flight until such time it comes to rest at the end of the flight and the primary
propulsion system is shut down.
25. Serious injury. in relation to a person. An injury which is sustained by a
person in an accident and which:
(vii) requires hospitalization for a period of more than 48 hours,
commencing within 7 days from the date the injury was received; or
(viii) results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fracture of fingers, toes
or the nose); or
(ix) involves lacerations which cause severe hemorrhage, nerve, muscle or
tendon damage; or
(x) involves injury to any internal organ; or
(xi) involves second or third degree burns or any burns affecting more than 5%
of the surface of the body; or
(xii) involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious
radiation;
26. State aircraft. An aircraft used only on behalf of the Government (except for
commercial purposes) or exclusively leased for at least 90 continuous days
27. State of design. means the State having jurisdiction over the organization
responsible for the type design of the aircraft;
28. State of manufacture. means the State having jurisdiction over the
organization responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft, engine or
propeller;
29. State of occurrence. means the State in whose territory an accident or
incident occurs;
30. State of the operator. means the State in which the operator’s principal place
of business is located or, if there is no such place of business, the operator’s
permanent residence;
31. State of registry. means the State on whose register the aircraft is entered.
32. State Safety Program (SSP). An integrated set of regulations and activities
aimed at improving safety. (per Memorandum Circular No. 18-15, series of
2015)

ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

a. The following acronyms and abbreviations are used in this Part—

ACCID – Accident
AFTN – Aeronautical Fixed Communication Network
AIP – Aeronautical Information Publication
AOC - Air Operator Certificate
ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
IIC – Investigator-in-Charge
INCID – Incident
IS – Implementing Standards
Kg - Kilogram
PIC – Pilot-in-Command
UTC – Universal Coordinated Time

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION

a. The sole objective of the investigation of an accident or incident under this Part
shall be the prevention of accident and incident.
b. The accident investigation authority shall have independence in the conduct of the
investigation and have unrestricted authority over its conduct, consistent with the
provisions of this Part.

SUBPART B: PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY: ACCIDENT/INCIDENT INITIAL REPORTING

APPLICABILITY

a. This Subpart is applicable to operators and individuals (relevant persons) who are
involved in or have knowledge of an aircraft accident or incident:
1. Occurring within the Republic of the Philippines and its Airspace; or
2. Occurring outside the Republic of the Philippines involving a Republic of the
Philippines registered aircraft or operated by a Republic of the Philippines Air
Operator Certificate (AOC) holder.
b. The relevant person shall, as soon as is reasonably practicable after he becomes
aware of the accident or serious incident —
1. send notice thereof to the Chairman by the quickest means of communication
available; and
2. in the case of an accident occurring in Republic of the Philippines, notify a
police officer of the accident and the place where it occurred.

CONTENT OF THE NOTIFICATION

a. The notice to the Chairman shall state, as far as possible the following information
—
1. the identifying abbreviation “ACCID” or, in the case of a serious incident or
other incident, the identifying abbreviation “INCID”;
2. the manufacturer, model, nationality and registration marks and serial number
of the aircraft;
3. the name of the owner, operator and hirer, if any, of the aircraft;
4. the qualification of the pilot-in-command of the aircraft and the nationality of
the crew and passengers;
5. the date and time (local time or UTC) of the accident or serious incident;
6. the last point of departure and point of intended landing of the aircraft;
7. the position of the aircraft with reference to some easily defined geographical
point and latitude and longitude;

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
8. the number of crew members and passengers; aboard killed and seriously
injured; others, killed and seriously injured;
9. a description of the accident or incident and the extent of damage to the
aircraft so far as is known;
10. an indication to what extent the investigation will be conducted or is proposed
to be delegated by the State of Occurrence.
11. the physical characteristics of the area in which the accident or incident
occurred and any indication of access difficulties or special requirements to
reach the site;
12. the identification of the originating authority and means to contact the
Investigator-in-Charge and the accident investigation authority of the State of
Occurrence at any time; and
13. the presence and description of dangerous goods, explosives, radioactive
materials or other dangerous articles on board the aircraft.

FORWARDING BY THE OPERATOR OF AN ACCIDENT OR INCIDENT REPORT

a. The operator of a civil, state or foreign aircraft shall file a report in the form and
manner prescribed by the Authority—
1. Within 10 days after an accident or incident; or
2. After 7 days if an overdue aircraft is still missing.

SUBPART C: ACTIONS UPON RECEIPT OF NOTIFICATION

OCCURRENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

a. Where an accident or a incident occurs in Republic of the Philippines involving a

civil aircraft, the Chairman or Investigator-in-Charge shall do the following:
1. with the least possible delay and by the quickest means of communication
available, forward a notification of the accident or serious incident containing
as much of the information as may be available to
(i) a Contracting State that is the State of Registry, the State of the Operator,
the State of Design or the State of Manufacture; and
(ii) if the aircraft is of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 2,250 kg,
or is a turbojet-powered aeroplane, the International Civil Aviation
Organization;
2. inform the States referred to in sub-paragraph (a)(1) either in the
communication forwarding the notification or as soon as practicable
3. as soon as it is practicable to do so, provide the States referred to in sub-
paragraph (a)(1) with any other information which becomes subsequently
available to the Chairman and any other known relevant information pertaining
to the accident or serious incident.
4. The notification shall be in plain language and contain as much of the
information readily available but its dispatch shall not be delayed due to lack
of complete information.
5. the collection and recording of information shall not be delayed to await the
arrival of an accredited representative.

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
OCCURRENCE OUTSIDE THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

a. Upon receipt of a notification of an accident or a serious incident which occurs

outside Republic of the Philippines involving a Republic of the Philippines aircraft
or an aircraft operated by a Republic of the Philippines operator, the Chairman
shall do the following:
1. acknowledge the receipt of the notification;
2. provide the State information with the least possible delay

SUBPART D: PRESERVATION OF WRECKAGE AND RECORDS

RESPONSIBILITY: PRESERVATION & PROTECTION OF WRECKAGE AND ACCIDENT SITE

a. The operator and pilot-in-command shall ensure as much as is practical that the
wreckage and accident site is protected and preserved in accordance with the
requirements until the Chairman or Investigator-in-Charge takes custody thereof.
b. all persons involved in the rescue, search and investigation of an accident shall
take all reasonable measures to protect the evidence and to maintain safe custody
of the aircraft and its contents for such a period as may be necessary for the
purposes of an investigation.
c. The operator of an aircraft is responsible for preserving to the extent possible any
aircraft wreckage, cargo, and mail aboard the aircraft, and all records pertaining
to the operation and maintenance of the aircraft and to the airmen until the
Chairman or Investigator-in-Charge takes custody thereof or a release is granted.
d. The operator of an aircraft involved in an accident or incident shall retain all
records, reports, internal documents, and memoranda dealing with the accident or
incident, until authorized by the Chairman to the contrary.

REMOVING GOODS OR BAGGAGE FROM THE AIRCRAFT

a. Where the Chairman or the investigator-in-charge has authorized any person to

remove any goods or passenger baggage from the aircraft or to release any goods
or passenger baggage from the custody of the Chairman or the investigator-in-
charge, the person may —
1. remove the goods or passenger baggage from the aircraft subject to the
supervision of a police officer not below the rank of inspector of police; and
2. release the goods or passenger baggage from the custody of the Chairman or
the investigator-in-charge subject to clearance by or with the consent of an
officer of customs, if the aircraft has come from a place outside Republic of
the Philippines.

SUBPART E: ACCIDENT & INCIDENT INVESTIGATION

OBLIGATION TO INVESTIGATE

a. Subject to paragraph (c), the Chairman shall cause an investigation to be carried

out into an accident in the following circumstances:
1. where the accident occurs in Republic of the Philippines;

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
2. where the accident occurs in any Non-contracting State which does not intend
to carry out an investigation of the accident
3. where the accident involves a Republic of the Philippines aircraft or an aircraft
operated by a Republic of the Philippines operator
4. where the accident occurs in a location which cannot be definitely established
as being in the territory of any State and involves a Republic of the Philippines
aircraft.
b. The Chairman shall institute an investigation into the circumstances of a serious
incident when the aircraft is of a maximum mass of over 2 250 kg. Such the
Authority may delegate the whole or any part of the conducting of such
investigation to another State or a regional accident and incident investigation
organization by mutual arrangement and consent. In any event the State of
Occurrence shall use every means to facilitate the investigation.

ENTITLEMENT OF ACCREDITED REPRESENTATIVE, ADVISERS AND EXPERT FROM OTHER

CONTRACTING STATES

a. Where an investigation into an accident or a serious incident is being carried out

by an investigator-in-charge under this Part, each of the following States that is a
Contracting State shall be entitled to appoint an accredited representative to
participate in the investigation and one or more advisers, to assist the accredited
representative:
1. the State of Registry;
2. the State of the Operator;
3. the State of Manufacture;
4. the State of Design;
5. a State which has, on request, provided information, facilities or experts to the
investigator-in-charge in connection with the investigation.
b. An accredited representative shall be entitled to participate in all aspects of an
investigation under the control of the investigator-in-charge and shall be entitled,
in particular, to —
1. visit the scene of the accident;
2. examine the wreckage;
3. obtain witness information and suggest areas for questioning witnesses;
4. have full access to all relevant evidence as soon as possible;
5. receive copies of all pertinent documents;
6. participate in readouts of recorded media;
7. participate in off-scene investigative activities such as component
examinations, technical briefings, tests and simulations;
8. participate in investigation progress meetings, including deliberations related
to analysis, findings, causes, contributing factors and safety recommendations;
and
9. make submissions in respect of various aspects of the investigation.
c. A Contracting State which has a special interest in an accident by virtue of fatalities
or serious injuries to its citizens shall, be entitled to appoint an expert.
d. An expert appointed shall be entitled to —

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
1. visit the scene of the accident;
2. have access to the relevant factual information, which is approved for public
release by the State conducting the investigation and information on the
progress of the investigation; and
3. receive a copy of the Final Report.
e. An adviser assisting an accredited representative shall be entitled to participate in
the investigation under the accredited representative’s supervision and to the
extent necessary to make the accredited representative’s participation effective.
f. The accredited representative, his advisers and the expert appointed—
1. shall provide the investigator-in-charge with all relevant information available
to them; and
2. shall not disclose any information on the progress and findings of the
investigation without the express consent in writing of the investigator-in-
charge.

SUBPART F: INVESTIGATION REPORTS

APPLICABILITY

a. Where an investigation is carried out into an accident involving —

1. an aircraft of a maximum certificated take-off mass of more than 2,250 kg; or
2. an aircraft of a maximum certificated take-off mass of 2,250 kg or less and
when airworthiness or matters considered to be of interest to other Contracting
States are involved, the investigator-in-charge shall, unless an Accident Data
Report has been sent within 30 days of the accident, send a Preliminary Report
within that period to —
(i) each of the following States that is a Contracting State:
A. the State that instituted the investigation;
B. the State of Registry or the State of Occurrence, as appropriate;
C. the State of the Operator;
D. the State of Design;
E. the State of Manufacture;
F. any State that provided relevant information, significant facilities or
experts; and
(ii) where the aircraft is of a maximum certificated take-off mass of more than
2,250 kg, the International Civil Aviation Organization.

ACTIONS OF INVESTIGATOR-IN-CHARGE

a. The investigator-in-charge of the State conducting the investigation shall, as soon

as possible after the completion of an investigation into an accident, do the
following:
1. send a copy of the draft Final Report to the Contracting State that instituted
the investigation and all the Contracting States that participated in the
investigation, inviting their significant and substantiated comments on the
draft Final Report;

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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
2. if any such comments are received within 60 days of the date on which the
draft Final Report is sent out, amend the draft Final Report to include the
substance of the comments received or, if desired by the Contracting State
that provided the comments, append the comments to the Final Report;
3. if no comments are received within 60 days of the date on which the draft
Final Report is sent out and no extension of time has been agreed upon with
the Contracting State to whom it was sent, issue and send out the Final
Report to the following parties —
4. where the accident involves an aircraft of a maximum certificated take-off
mass of more than 2,250 kg, send the Accident Data Report to the
International Civil Aviation
c. The investigator-in-charge shall, where an investigation is carried out into an
incident involving an aircraft of a maximum certificated take-off mass of more
than 5,700 kg, send to the International Civil Aviation Organization after the
completion of the investigation into the incident —
1. the Final Report of the incident, if the Final Report has been released; and
2. the Incident Data Report.
d. The Final Report of an investigation shall state the sole objective of the
investigation as set out in paragraph b.

PUBLICATION OF REPORTS

a. The Chairman shall cause the Final Report of an investigation into an accident or
incident to be made public only upon consideration/notation of the Authority.
b. The Final report shall be made public —
1. after the Final Report has been sent out to the relevant Contracting States
2. in the shortest time possible; and
3. in such manner as the Chairman thinks fit.
c. In the interest of accident prevention, the Aircraft Accident investigation and
Inquiry Board (AAIIB) shall make the Final Report publicly available as soon as
possible, and, if possible, within twelve months. Making a Final Report publicly
available can be achieved by posting the Final Report on the internet, and does
not necessarily require a hard-copy publication of the Final Report.
d. If the report cannot be made publicly available within twelve months, the AAIIB
shall make an interim statement publicly available on each anniversary of the
occurrence, detailing the process of the investigation and any issues raised.

SUBPART G: MANDATORY & VOLUNTARY INCIDENT/OCCURRENCE REPORTING

OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

a. The sole objective of occurrence reporting is the prevention of accidents and

incidents through the collection and dissemination of relevant safety information
and not to attribute blame or liability.
b. The mandatory reporting requirements contribute to the improvement of air
safety by ensuring that free and full reporting of relevant information on safety is
collected, stored, protected and disseminated.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
c. The voluntary reporting of persons contributes to the improvement of air safety
in the interest of flight safety through the same processes and policies applicable
to the mandatory reporting requirements.

ITEMS TO BE REPORTED

a. The Authority shall prescribe the mandatory occurrences that shall be reported
under the provisions of this Subpart.
b. These reportable occurrences shall be categorized for purposes of assessing
trends as—
1. Aircraft flight operations
2. Aircraft technical and
3. Air navigation
c. A reportable occurrence in relation to an aircraft means any incident which
endangers or which, if not corrected, would endanger an aircraft, its occupants
or any other person.

SUBPART H: RELEASE FROM CUSTODY AND DISPOSAL OF AIRCRAFT WRECKAGE &

RECORDS

RELEASE FROM CUSTODY

a. If the retention of the aircraft involved in an accident or incident, its parts,

wreckage, or any contents is no longer necessary for the purposes of an
investigation, the Chairman shall release custody
1. if the aircraft is a Republic of the Philippines aircraft —
(i) the owner of the aircraft, parts, wreckage or contents;
(ii) where the owner is dead, his personal representative; or
(iii) a person authorized in writing by the owner or his personal representative
to take custody on behalf of the owner or the owner’s personal
representative;
2. in any other case, to the person or persons designated by the State of Registry
or the State of the Operator, as the case may be.
b. If a person to whom custody of the aircraft, parts, wreckage or contents is to be
released refuses to take custody thereof or fails to take custody within a reasonable
period, the aircraft, parts, wreckage or contents may be disposed of in such
manner as the Chairman considers fit

DISPOSAL OF WRECKAGE & RECORDS

a. The Authority, the Chairman and an investigator-in-charge shall not be required to
hold aircraft records or factual information concerning an accident or incident
beyond such time as is necessary for the completion of the investigation and
reports.
b. The records and information referred to in paragraph (a) include —
1. photographs;
2. written statements; and
3. documents pertaining to the accident or incident, the circumstances of the
accident or incident, or the aircraft or personnel involved.

SUBPART I: MISCELLANEOUS OFFENCES

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Part 18 – TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR

This part prescribes the requirements of the Republic of the Philippines that apply to
the carriage of dangerous goods by air in international and domestic operations of aircraft as
specified in (1) The International Civil Aviation Organization Document, Technical Instructions
for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air. and all applicable amendments; and (2) As
amplified by, the Dangerous Goods Regulations of the International Air Transport Association.

This Part is applicable to all Dangerous Goods (DG) and No-DG carry operators of
aircraft in: (1) Aerial work; (2) Commercial air transport; and (3) General aviation. It is also is
also applicable to all organizations and individuals involved in the handling and shipping
process of dangerous goods by air, which includes but is not limited to all airline operators,
ground service providers, cargo shippers, maintenance organizations and aerodromes, who
performs duties required by these regulations.

SUBPART A: GENERAL

DANGEROUS GOODS TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS

The CAAP takes the necessary measures to achieve compliance with the detailed
provisions contained in the Technical Instructions. CAAP also takes the necessary
measures to achieve compliance with any amendment to the Technical Instructions
which may be published during the specified period of applicability of an edition of the
Technical Instructions.

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

IATA – International Air Transport Association

IATA-DGR – IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations

ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization

UN – United Nations

GENERAL PROHIBITIONS

a. No person may carry on any aircraft articles or substances classified as dangerous

goods except as established in this Part and the detailed specifications and procedures
provided in—
1. The Technical Instructions; and
2. As amplified by, the IATA-DGR.
b. With respect to any goods which a person knows or ought to know or suspect to be
dangerous goods, that person shall not, without determining and complying with the
restrictions regarding carriage by air-
1. Take or cause it to be taken on board;
2. Suspend or cause it to be suspended beneath, or
3. Deliver or cause it to be delivered for load or suspend beneath an aircraft.

AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
a. No person may operate an aircraft with any dangerous goods therein or suspended
thereunder, unless such goods are carried, loaded or suspended—
1. With the written authorization of the Authority and in accordance with any
conditions to which such approvals may be subject, and
2. In accordance with the Technical Instructions and any conditions specified
therein.

SUBPART B: EXCEPTIONS

GENERAL EXCEPTIONS

a. These requirements shall not apply to dangerous goods of the classifications

specified in Part I of the Technical Instructions provided that—
1. The dangerous goods do not exceed the appropriate quantity limitations
specified therein; and
2. Such other conditions as are specified therein are complied with.

PASSENGER OR CREW MEMBER PERSONAL ITEMS

a. Specific articles and substances carried by passengers or crew members shall be

excepted from the provisions of this Part to the extent specified in the Technical
Instructions.
b. Small Lithium Battery Powered Personal Transportation Devices including hover
boards, self-balancing single or multi-wheels, and mini-segways are required to be
carried by the passenger in the cabin.
c. All shipments of Lithium-ion batteries are forbidden as cargo on passenger aircraft.
However, Lithium-ion batteries packed with equipment or lithium-ion batteries
containing in personal electronic devices may be carried by passengers of crew in
the cabin of the aircraft.

REQUIRED FOR AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS

a. Articles and substances which would otherwise be classed as dangerous goods

shall be excepted from the provisions of this Part if they are required to be aboard
the aircraft—
1. In accordance with the pertinent airworthiness requirements and operating
regulations; or
2. For those specialized purposes identified in the Technical Instructions.
b. Additional articles and substances which would otherwise be classed as dangerous
goods are excluded from the provisions of this Part to the extent specified in the
Technical Instructions, provided they are—
1. Carried as catering or cabin service supplies;
2. Carried for use in flight as veterinary aid or as a humane killer for an animal;
or
3. Carried for use in flight for medical aid for a patient

DANGEROUS GOODS FORBIDDEN FOR TRANSPORT BY AIR UNLESS EXEMPTED

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
a. No person may offer for transport on an aircraft or carry on an aircraft the
dangerous goods unless—
1. Exempted by CAAP under provisions similar to Section 18.050 of this Part, or
2. The provisions of the Technical Instructions indicate they may be transported
under an approval granted by the State of Origin.

EXEMPTIONS

a. Where specifically provided for in the Technical Instructions, the CAAP may grant
an approval provided that in such instances an overall level of safety in transport
which is equivalent to the level of safety provided for in the Technical Instructions
is achieved.
1. In instances:
A. of extreme urgency; or
B. when other forms of transport are inappropriate; or
C. when full compliance with the prescribed requirements is contrary to the
public interest, the CAAP may grant an exemption from these provisions
provided that in such instances every effort shall be made to achieve an
overall level of safety in transport which is equivalent to the level of safety
provided by the requirements of this Part and the Technical Instructions.
b. Where the Philippines is the State of Overflight, if none of the criteria for granting
an exemption are relevant, an exemption with specific routing and other
restrictions may be granted by the Authority based solely on whether it is believed
that an equivalent level of safety in air transport has been achieved.

SUBPART C: RESPONSIBILITIES

SHIPPER’S RESPONSIBILITIES

a. The shipper shall ensure that its personnel conform to the requirements of this
Part and the Technical Instructions in the performance of their duties and
responsibilities.
b. The shipper shall ensure that each employee completes all dangerous goods
training requirements and their training records are updated prior to their
performance of tasks associated with transport of dangerous goods by air.
c. To ensure proper completion of their assigned tasks, the shipper shall provide
employees with all necessary—
1. Shipping instructions and guidance;
2. Reference documents;
3. Shipping documents; and
4. Packaging, labelling, and marking supplies.
d. Before consigning any packaged containing dangerous goods for transport by air,
the shipper shall ensure that—
1. The goods are not of a category whose carriage by air is prohibited by the
provisions of the Technical Instructions;
2. The goods are classified and packed and the packaging used are in
accordance with such provisions of the Technical Instructions as apply to the
goods;

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
3. The package is marked and labelled in accordance with such provisions of as
related to marking and labelling and in accordance with the Technical
Instructions;
4. The package is in a fit condition for carriage by air; and
5. The dangerous goods transport documents has been completed and that the
declaration therein has been made.
e. The shipper shall establish, implement and update dangerous goods training
programs for its personnel as prescribed by the Technical Instructions and the
Authority.

OPERATOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES
a. No operator may transport dangerous goods unless approved to do so by the
Authority.
b. The operator shall ensure that its personnel conform to the requirements of this
Part and the Technical Instructions in the performance of their duties and
responsibilities on all occasions when dangerous goods are carried
c. Where dangerous goods are to be transported outside the territory of the
Philippines, the operator shall ensure that its personnel have reviewed and are in
compliance with the appropriate variations noted by contracting states
d. The operator shall ensure that each employee completes all applicable dangerous
goods training requirements, and their training records are updated prior to their
performance of tasks associated with transport of dangerous goods by air.
e. To ensure proper completion of their assigned tasks, the operator shall provide
employees with all necessary—
1. Operator manuals;
2. Reference documents;
3. Shipping documents; and
4. Packaging, labelling, and marking supplies.
f. An operator shall not accept dangerous goods for transport by air unless the
dangerous goods are accompanied by a completed dangerous goods transport
document
g. An operator shall not accept dangerous goods for transport by air until the
package, overpack or freight container containing the dangerous goods has been
inspected
h. An operator shall develop and ensure the use an acceptance checklist as an aid
to compliance with the requirements of this Part
i. The operator shall not allow the loading, stowage and securing of dangerous
goods subject to this Part and the Technical Instructions on the aircraft except in
accordance with the dangerous goods manual acceptable to the Authority.

SUBPART D: PREPARATION FOR TRANSPORT BY AIR

LANGUAGES TO BE USED FOR MARKINGS & DOCUMENTATION

a. The markings and documentation related to the transportation of dangerous

goods by air shall be provided in English.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
b. The markings may, in addition to the requirement of paragraph (a) of this
Section, be provided in—

DANGEROUS GOODS TRANSPORT DOCUMENT

a. The transport document shall bear a declaration signed by the person who offers
dangerous goods for transport indicating that the dangerous goods are—
1. Fully and accurately described by their proper shipping names; and
2. Classified, packed, marked, and labelled, and
3. In proper condition or transport by air in accordance with the relevant
regulations
b. The dangerous goods transport document shall be completed in duplicate.

SUBPART E: ACCEPTANCE, HANDLING, LOADING & STOWAGE

a. The operator of the aircraft, upon acceptance of dangerous goods shall conduct
an inspection of the consignment of dangerous goods intended for transportation
by air.
b. No person shall accept dangerous goods except in accordance with the—
1. Operator’s acceptance checklist,
2. Technical Instructions; and
3. IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.
c. The person conducting the inspection on behalf of the operator shall complete a
checklist specifically designed for this purpose.
d. No person may accept dangerous goods for transport by air that have been
received through the postal services.

RETENTION OF DOCUMENTS

a. The operator of an aircraft shall retain for not less than 6 months after the date of
transport—
1. A dangerous goods transport document which has been furnished to him in
accordance with these requirements, and
2. Checklist used in the acceptance of the dangerous goods consignment.
b. The AOC holder shall retain the following information for 12 months after the date of
transport—
1. The name and address of each shipper of dangerous goods, and
2. The name and address of the person who—
(i) Accepts each shipment of dangerous goods or directly supervises the
acceptance of the dangerous goods, or
(ii) Loads and secures the dangerous goods or directly supervises the loading
and securing of the dangerous goods;
(iii) The approximate date of transport,
(iv) The locations to and from which the dangerous goods are to be transported,
(v) The shipping name, the UN number, the class and the quantity of dangerous
goods to be transported, and
(vi) The name of the employee who prepares the information.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
c. An AOC holder shall produce a record, notice or report required by this Section within
15 days after the day on which a written request is received from an inspector.

SUBPART F: PROVISION OF DANGEROUS GOODS INFORMATION

INFORMATION TO GROUND STAFF & OTHER PERSONS

a. Operators, shippers or other organizations involved in the transport of dangerous

goods by air shall provide adequate manuals, documents and instructions to their
personnel as will enable them to carry out their responsibilities with regard to the
transport of dangerous goods.
b. The documentation and instructions required by paragraph (a) of this Section shall
provide instructions as to the action to be taken in the event of emergencies arising
involving dangerous goods

INFORMATION IN THE EVENT OF AN AIRCRAFT INCIDENT OR ACCIDENT

a. The pilot-in-command and the operator which is involved in an aircraft incident

shall—
1. As soon as possible, inform the appropriate authority of the State in which the
aircraft accident occurred of any dangerous goods carried; and
2. On request, provide any information required to minimize the hazards created
by any dangerous goods carried.
b. The pilot-in-command and the operator of the aircraft carrying dangerous goods
as cargo shall provide information, without delay, to emergency services
responding to the accident or serious incident about the dangerous goods on
board, as shown on the written information to the pilot-in-command, in the event
of—
1. An aircraft accident; or
2. A serious incident
c. As soon as possible, the pilot-in-command and the operator shall also provide this
information to the Authority and the appropriate authorities in the State in which
the accident or serious incident occurred.
d. In the event of an aircraft incident, the pilot-in-command and the operator of an
aircraft carrying dangerous goods as cargo shall, if requested to do so, provide
information without delay to—
1. Emergency services responding to the incident; and
2. The appropriate authority of the State in which the incident occurred, about
the dangerous goods on board, as shown on the written information to the
pilot-in-command.

SUBPART G: SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

GENERAL AVIATION

a. A person may handle or transport dangerous goods within the Philippines by small
aircraft or helicopter involved in general aviation operations that—
1. Are intended for non-commercial recreational use; and
2. Are not forbidden for transport by the Technical Instructions.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations
AERIAL WORK

a. A person may handle, offer for transport or transport dangerous goods by aircraft
within the Philippines if the dangerous goods are being used at the location
where the following aerial work takes place—
1. Active fire suppression;
2. Aerial cloud seeding;
3. Aerial drip torching;
4. Agriculture;
5. Forestry;
6. Horticulture;
7. Hydrographic or seismographic work; or
8. Pollution control.
b. The dangerous goods shall be contained in a means of containment that is—
1. A tank, a container or an apparatus attached to the aircraft in accordance
with the certificate of airworthiness;
2. A cylindrical collapsible rubber drum
3. A collapsible fabric tank
4. A small means of containment designed, constructed, filled, closed, secured
and maintained so that under normal conditions of transport, including
handling, there will be no accidental release of dangerous goods that could
endanger public safety.

SUBPART H: COMPLIANCE

INSPECTION SYSTEM

a. CAAP shall establish inspection, surveillance and enforcement procedures for all
entities performing any function prescribed in its regulations for air transport of
dangerous goods with a view to achieving compliance with those regulations.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Self-Test
Instruction:

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Write True if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement
is incorrect, and write the correct word/phrase to make the statement correct.

___________1. Should indicates a mandatory requirement.

___________2. Aerial work means an aircraft operation in which an aircraft is used for specialized
services such as agriculture, construction, photography, etc.
____________3. A progressive inspection program may be used for aircraft with a maximum
certificated take-off mass of more than 5,700kg.
____________4. In situations involving scheduled aircraft unserviceability, persons performing
maintenance functions for aircraft may be continued on duty for – up to 16 consecutive hours; or
20 hours in 24 consecutive hours.
____________5. Except for the number “1”, and letters “M” and “W”, character markings must be
two-thirds as high as they are wide.
____________6. Dangerous goods incidents and accidents shall be reported to the Authority within
72 hours of the event.
____________7. No AOC holder may operate an aircraft by night unless, in addition to the
equipment specified, it is equipped with: two landing lights or a single light having two separately
energized filaments.
____________8. Any person beyond 65 years of age who holds a pilot license and valid medical
certificate maybe allowed to fly as pilot-in-command or co-pilot.
____________9. Serious injury is defined as an injury which is sustained by a person in an accident
and which does not require hospitalization for a period of more than 48 hours, commencing within
7 days from the date the injury was received.
___________10. Special Certificate of Airworthiness is issued for an aircraft in the specific
category and model designated by the State of Design in the Type Certificate.
____________11. A person whose license, certificate, rating, or authorization has been revoked
may not apply for any license, certificate, rating, or authorization for 1 year after the date of
revocation.
____________12. The curriculum shall offer at least the following number of hours of instruction
shown – Airframe: 1,150 hours (400 powerplant plus 750 airframe).
____________13. Flight Data Recorders shall be capable of retaining the information recorded
during the last 25 hours of operation for Type I and II.
____________14. An aircraft with 150 passenger seats shall carry 1 first-aid kit.
____________15. VMO means minimum operating speed.
____________16. Serious incident means an incident involving circumstances that there was a low
probability of an accident.

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

Self-Test cont.
___________17. Non-Type Certificated Aircraft may be flown at a height in excess of 800 ft. above
ground level within the designated area of operation and outside of the approved lateral area.
___________18. In order to be used in motion picture and television filming operations, aircraft in
the experimental category shall have an airworthiness certificate issued for the purpose of
exhibition.
___________19. Non-type certificated aircraft are marked with “RP-N”.
___________20. An operator shall make application for the renewal of a Validation of Foreign Air
Operator Airworthiness at least 30 days before the end of the existing period of validity.
___________21. Dry lease is a lease where the aircraft is provided with crew.
____________22. The Accountable manager has corporate Authority for ensuring that all training
commitments are financed and carried out to the standard required.
____________23. Acceptable means the Authority has reviewed the method, procedure, or policy
and has neither objected not approved its proposed use or implementation.
____________24. The operator of the aircraft, upon acceptance of dangerous goods shall conduct
an inspection of the consignment of dangerous goods intended for transportation by air.
____________25. For unmanned free balloons, the operator shall apply marks to appear on the
identification plate.
____________26. No scheduled and non-scheduled domestic operator may schedule any flight
crew member if that crew member’s total flight time in all commercial flying will exceed: 1,000
hours in any calendar year; 100 hours in any calendar month; 24 hours in any 7 consecutive days;
or 8 hours between required rest periods.
____________27. The following ratings are issued under Part 6: Airframe, Powerplant, Propeller,
Avionics, Computer Systems, Instruments, and Appliance ratings.
____________28. Foreign air operators shall ensure, that if one pilot is between the age of 60 and
up to age 65, the other pilot shall be less than age 60.
____________29. The applicant for an air traffic controller license shall not be less than 21 years
old, and hold a current Class 2 medical certificate.
____________30. All Philippine registered aircraft shall be re-weighed every three years, for
commercial and general aviation aircraft.

Honesty Clause:
The students are expected to accept and maintain principles of intellectual and academic honesty as members of the
academic community. The institution believes that students are truthful as a basic and necessary standard of conduct
in academic matters, and that they only submit the results of their own efforts for credit.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MODULE ACTIVITY 1 – PART 2

Instruction:
Refer to Part 2 – Personnel Licensing and answer the following questions.

1. Complete the table below.

LICENSE EXPERIENCE (hours)

Flight Flight Solo Cross- Instrument Instrument Night
country
Time Simulator Flight Flight Time
Instruction Instruction Flight
Time / (Distance (Total) (Ground)
PIC Total)
PPL (A)

CPL (A)
______ ______
or or
______ ______
(Approved (Approved
Training) Training)
ATPL (A)
______ ______
or (Total
______ only)
(PIC,
additional
hours
supervised)

IR (A) At least _______ ______, not less than ______ or

______ on airplanes ______ if
Flight
Simulator
used
Glider Pilot _____ with
License not less
than _____
launches
Free ___ out of
Balloon Pilot ____
launches

Honesty Clause:
The students are expected to accept and maintain principles of intellectual and academic honesty as members of the
academic community. The institution believes that students are truthful as a basic and necessary standard of conduct
in academic matters, and that they only submit the results of their own efforts for credit.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MODULE ACTIVITY 1 – PART 2

2. Complete the table below.

LICENSE AGE MEDICAL CERTIFICATE LICENSE
REQUIREMENT VALIDITY
CLASS VALIDITY VALIDITY
AFTER
AGE 40
Private Pilot
License (A)
Commercial
Pilot License (A)
Airline
Transport Pilot
License (A)
Instrument
Rating (A)
Glider Pilot
License
Free Balloon
Pilot
Multi-Crew Pilot
License
Flight Engineer

Flight Navigator

Flight
Operations
Officer
Student Pilot

Aviation
Maintenance
Technician
Air Traffic
Controller

Honesty Clause:
The students are expected to accept and maintain principles of intellectual and academic honesty as members of the
academic community. The institution believes that students are truthful as a basic and necessary standard of conduct
in academic matters, and that they only submit the results of their own efforts for credit.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MODULE ACTIVITY 1 – PART 2

IDENTIFICATION. Write the correct answer/term on the space provided

3. ___________All the planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate

confidence that all activities satisfy given standards and requirements, including the ones
specified by the approved training organization in relevant manuals.
4. ___________A management approach focused on the means to achieve product or service
quality objectives through the use of its four key components: quality planning; quality
control; quality assurance; and quality improvement.
5. ___________The individual who has corporate authority for ensuring that all training
commitments can be financed and carried out to the standard required by the civil aviation
authority.
6. ___________The ratio of a specified load to the weight of the aeroplane, the former being
expressed in terms of aerodynamic forces, propulsive forces, or ground reactions.
7. ___________The angle of attack that produces the maximum coefficient of lift beyond
which an aerodynamic stall occurs.
8. ___________Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an
intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft.
9. ___________Time during which a pilot is practicing, on the ground, simulated instrument
flight in a synthetic flight trainer approved by the Authority.
10. ___________A power-driven lighter than air aircraft.

11. Explain the different curtailments of the privileges of pilots who have attained 60 th, 65th,
and 67th birthdays.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MODULE ACTIVITY 2 – PART 4, 5, 6, & 8

Instruction:
Refer to PCAR Parts 4, 5, 6, & 8 and answer the following questions.

1. Enumerate and define the six nationality and registration marks used in the Philippines.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. Enumerate the AMO ratings

1.________________
i. ________________ - Aircraft with MTOW of _____________
ii. ________________ - Aircraft with MTOW between _____________
iii. ________________ - Aircraft with MTOW of _____________
iv. ________________ - Rotorcraft with MTOW of _____________
v. ________________ - Rotorcraft with MTOW of _____________
vi. ____________ - Aircraft composed of __________ with MTOW of __________
vii. ____________ - Aircraft composed of __________ with MTOW of __________
2. ________________
i. _____________: __________________
ii. _____________: __________________
iii. _____________: __________________
3. ________________
i. ________________
ii. ________________
4. ________________
i. _____________: __________________
ii. _____________: __________________
iii. _____________: __________________
5. ________________
i. _____________: __________________
ii. _____________: __________________
iii. _____________: __________________
6. ________________
i. _____________: __________________
ii. _____________: __________________
iii. _____________: __________________
iv. _____________: __________________

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MODULE ACTIVITY 2 cont.

7. ________________
i. _____________: __________________
ii. _____________: __________________
iii. _____________: __________________
iv. _____________: __________________

FILL IN THE BLANKS. Complete the given statement.

3. An aircraft is eligible for registration if it is owned by or leased to a corporation organized

under the laws of the Philippines at least ________ per centum of whose capital is owned
by Filipino citizens.
4. For unmanned free balloons, the operator shall apply marks to appear on the ____________.
5. A ______________________ is a set of processes by which aircraft, engine, propeller, or
part complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements and remains in condition for
safe operation throughout its life.
6. A __________________ is a document signed by an authorized representative of an
approved maintenance organization in respect of an inspection, repair, or modification on a
complete aircraft, engine or propeller.
7. A Special Flight Permit is effective for ______________________.
8. Class I Aeronautical Product include Aircraft, Engine, and ___________.
9. No person may schedule a person performing maintenance functions for aircraft for more
than _____ consecutive hours of duty.
10. An ________________ may be used for non-complex aircraft with a maximum take-off mass
of less than 5,700 kg that are not used in commercial air transport.
11. A ________________ may be used for aircraft with a maximum take-off mass of less than
5,700 kg.
12. VSO means stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the ___________________.
13. A certificated _________________________ that applies for a renewal of its CAAP approved
maintenance organization certificate must submit its request for renewal no later than 60
days before its current certificate expires.
14. Technical information approved by the Authority is called _____________.
15. For spherical balloons, the operator shall apply marks to appear in two places diametrically
opposite each other and located near the ________________________ of the balloon.
16. AOC means Air __________ Certificate.
17. Experimental certificates are issued for the following purposes: research and development,
showing compliance to regulations, crew training, exhibition, _________, market surveys,
and operating amateur-built or kit-built aircraft.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Module 03: Philippine Civil Air Regulations

MODULE ACTIVITY 2 cont.

18. A Certificate or Rating issued to an Approved Maintenance Organization is valid for ________
from the date of issuance subject to the compliance with the Procedures Manual and the
provisions of PCAR.
19. A certificate of return to service shall contain: (1) basic details of the maintenance carried
out; (2) ___________________________; and (3) the identity of the AMO and certifying
staff issuing the certificate.

Honesty Clause:
The students are expected to accept and maintain principles of intellectual and academic honesty as members of the
academic community. The institution believes that students are truthful as a basic and necessary standard of conduct
in academic matters, and that they only submit the results of their own efforts for credit.

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