Parasitology Questions:
1. Recommended # of specimen to examine within 10-day span?
- 3 fecal samples
2. Examine liquid specimen within ______?
- 30 mins.
3. Examine soft specimen within ______?
- 1 hr.
4. Examine formed stools within ______?
- 24 hrs.
5. Why is urine contaminated feces not acceptable specimen?
- urine destroys motile organisms
6. Why is water contaminated feces not acceptable specimen?
- water contains free living organisms
7. Why is oil or barium enema contaminated feces not acceptable specimen?
- intestinal protozoa may be undetectable 5-10 days after barium is given
8. This antibiotic modifies intestinal flora and inhibits parasite recovery within 2
weeks after drug cessation?
- tetracycline
9. Recommended type of sputum specimen?
- first morning specimen (Most concentrated)
10. Recommended type of urine specimen?
- early morning or 1st void
11. Recommended type of genitalia specimen?
- saline wet swabs
12. Recommended type of blood specimen?
- fresh blood from fingerstick (avoid use of EDTA)
13. Thick smear preparation of blood is used for?
- For concentration
14. Thin smear preparation of blood?
- For identification
15. Ova, cyst, and parasite examination includes?
- Macroscopic, microscopic, permanent smears, and wet mounts.
16. What do we examine macroscopically?
- Consistency, presence of, and color
17. Black color of stool indicates?
- presence of blood
18. Clay colored stool indicates?
- barium or absence of bile
19. Green colored stool indicates?
- vegetables
20. Type of fecal specimen best to detect trophozoites?
- liquid stool
21. Type of fecal specimen best to detect ova and cysts?
- formed stool
22. This stain is used to detect microsporidiosis?
- modified trichrome stain
23. This stain is used to detect Cryptosporidium, Isospora, and Cyclospora?
- acid fast stain
24. Stains organism purple to gray?
- Iron hematoxylin stain
25. Stains organism green, nuclear details red to black?
- Trichrome stain
26. Type of wet mount used to detect motility with low light?
- Saline wet mount
27. Type of wet mount that destroys trophozoites but enhances nuclear details?
- Iodine wet mount
28. Preservatives that are good for eggs, larvae, and amoebic cysts?
- Refrigeration, 10% formalin, and MIF
29. Best preservative for amoebic trophozoites?
- PVA
30. Environmentally safer than PVA
- SAF
31. Used for fresh stool samples, good for trophozoites and cysts?
- Schaudinn’s fluid
32. 4 layers in FEA sedimentation from top to bottom?
- Ethyl acetate, debris/oil, formalin, sediments
33. Purpose of ethyl acetate?
- removes oils and fats
34. Specific gravity of zinc sulfate in formalinized stools?
- 1.20
35. Specific gravity of zinc sulfate in fresh nonformalinized stools?
- 1.18
36. Disadvantages of Zinc Sulfate flotation technique?
- large eggs (Schistosomes) and operculated eggs (D. latum) are often missed.
37. Flotation procedure recommended for Cryptosporidium and some ova?
- sheather sugar flotation
38. Specific gravity of sucrose solution?
- 1.25-1.27
39. Enumerate blood concentration methods.
- Knott method & buffy coat slides
40. Uses low speed centrifugation to concentrate blood samples suspected of
containing minimal number of parasites
- Knott method
41. Used to detect Leishmania and Trypanosoma
- Buffy coat slides
42. Type of wet mount that will allow trophozoite motility and helminth ova and
larvae to be seen
- Saline wet mount
43. Type of wet mount that is useful for detection of ova, larvae, and protozoan
cysts.
- Iodine wet mount
44. Most commonly used stain for fecal parasite study?
- Trichome stain (Wheatley or gomori)
45. Give 3 modes of transmission.
- Ingestion, Penetration, and Vectors.
46. Parasites acquired via ingestion of eggs, cysts or larvae
- Ascaris, Paragonimus, Trichinella, Giardia (APTG)
47. Parasites acquired through penetration of larvae
- Strongyloides & Hookworms
48. Parasites acquired through vectors
- Mosquito: Plasmodium, Brugia, Wuchereria
- Tse tse fly: Trypanosoma
- Tick: Babesia
49. Host which contains the larval form of parasite?
- Intermediate host
50. Host which contains the adult sexual form of the parasite?
- Definitive host
51. Contain both sexes in one helminth, examples: Cestodes and Trematodes?
- Hermaphroditic
52. Segments filled with eggs?
- Gravid proglottid
53. Large intestinal roundworm, largest nematode, worm ball, ascaris pneumonitis
- Ascaris lumbricoides
54. Blockage in intestines
- Worm ball
55. Due to larval migration in lungs
- Ascaris pneumonitis
56. Dog and cat ascarid
- Toxocara canis/cati
57. Cause and symptom of Visceral Larval Migrans (VLM)
- Cause: Toxocara canis/cati migration through tissues
- Symptom: eosinophilia
58. Most common helminth parasite of humans, “pinworm”, entorobiasis
- Enterobius vermicularis
59. Whipworm, prolapsed rectum, egg in feces (football shaped with mucoid polar
plugs)
-Trichuris trichiura
60. Threadworm, smallest nematode
- Strongyloides stercoralis
61. Infective stage of Strongyloides
- Filariform larvae
62. New world hookworm, ground itch, anemia-0.2 ml of blood/day
- Necator americanus
63. Old world hookworm, ground itch, anemia-0.2 ml of blood/day
- Ancylostoma duodenale
64. Dog and cat hookworm, cutaneous larval migrans, creeping eruption
- Ancylostoma braziliensis/caninum
65. Ingestion of encysted larvae in undercooked pork, destruction of muscle cell,
high eosinophilia, myocardial involvement possible
- Trichinella spiralis
66. Humans acquire the infection by the ingestion of infected copepods (water
fleas) carrying the larvae.
- Dracunculus medinensis
67.
