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Primary vs. Secondary Memory Explained

The document discusses different types of computer storage and memory. Storage provides capacity for files and information and includes hard disks. Memory provides working space and includes RAM. RAM is divided into primary memory like RAM and cache that is necessary to run the computer, and secondary memory like hard disks for long-term storage. RAM includes volatile DRAM and non-volatile SRAM. ROM includes PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM that retain data when power is removed. Cache memory improves performance by storing frequently used data and instructions.

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88 views9 pages

Primary vs. Secondary Memory Explained

The document discusses different types of computer storage and memory. Storage provides capacity for files and information and includes hard disks. Memory provides working space and includes RAM. RAM is divided into primary memory like RAM and cache that is necessary to run the computer, and secondary memory like hard disks for long-term storage. RAM includes volatile DRAM and non-volatile SRAM. ROM includes PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM that retain data when power is removed. Cache memory improves performance by storing frequently used data and instructions.

Uploaded by

Obedient Kacheche
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Storage and Memory

Nguyen Duc An
Nguyen Huu Ngoc Chi
Did you know…

• Storage :
Provides capacity for all the files
and information you need( e.g.
capacity of the computer’s hard
disk)

• Memory :
Provides your working space (
e.g. the amount of RAM installed
in the computer)
Content

Primary
- storage of intermediate data
- necessary to run the computer
- RAM, Cache

Secondary
- long-term storage of data
- HDD

Tertiary
- CD, DVD, memory card...

Off-line
- disconnected storage
- unplugged USB flash drive
- external HDD
Introduction

 In computing memory refers to the physical


devices used to store programs or data on the
temporary or permanent basis for use in a
computer or other digital electronic device

 Main memory is devided into two parts :

- Random Access memory ( RAM ) should be


better known as Read Write Memory

- Read Only Memory (ROM)


Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Structure :
A set of memory chips, each of them
is an integrated circuit (IC) made of
millions of transistors and capacitors

• Volatile - their state is lost or reset


when power is removed from the
system.

• Usage :
Holds data/application programs
from input devices or storages

• Capacity : Determines the number


and size of the program can be run
at the same time as well as the
amount of data that can be
processed immediately.

• Bus : processing speed


Types of RAM

Static Random Access Memory Dynamic Random Access


(SRAM) Memory (DRAM)

• Semi conductor memory • Store each bit of memory in


• Use flipflop to store each bit of capacitor in an integrated circuit
memory so does not need to be • Real capacitors leak charge so
periodically refreshed capacitors need to be refreshed
• Faster and consumes low power periodically
• Expensive and have complex • Simple structure ( 1 transitor and 1
structure (6 transitors) so not use capacitor per bit) so it has very
in high capacity applications high density
Read only memory (ROM)

• Has contents which are fixed when


the chip is manufactured

• Holds the bootstrap loader part of


the operating system

• Retains its data when the computer


is switched off
Types of ROM
Programmable ROM (PROM)-
Empty of data when the chip is
manufactured, can be
programmed by the user. Once
programmed the data cannot be
erased.

Erasable PROM (EPROM)-


Like PROM only the chip can be
removed from the computer and
the program erased and another
stored in its place using
ultraviolet light.

Electrically EPROM (EEPROM)


-
Like EPROM but electricity is
used to erase and reprogram
Cache memory

• Faster and expensive than RAM


• It improves the computer’s
performance
• Processor can use it to store
frequently accessed data and
program instructions
• It is two types :
- L1 : primary cache (inside the
processor)
- L2 : secondary cache (in the
motherboard or near the
microprocessor)

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