100%(1)100% found this document useful (1 vote) 426 views7 pagesRandom Variables
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| B Illustrate random variables. ,
Y7) | ® Distinguish between a discrete and a continuous random variable.
} | ® Find the possible values of a random variable.
}
asketball is a very famous sport in the country nowadays. Professional
( b basketball teams scout players from the amateur basketball leagues
on either colleges/universities or local communities. Basketball
players are being accepted or draft pick based on their performancein
the game, and other relevant characteristics. If you are the manager of a basketball
team, how would you answer the following inquiries?
1. What information should be obtained to select the player your team
needs?
2. How do you count or measure the information needed for making
decision?
To begin with, let us consider the following:
An experiment of chance was conducted where the profiles of 7 professional
basketball play during their amateur years are randomly selected. The following
is shown: Table 2.1 Profile of professional basketball players during their amateur years
Tee ital Vadis) ‘ea
Feecueiy Mencia! Gio) Wat “a (intbs)
A 5 2 4 | 46 | as 1.83 165
8 10 3 4 59 805 1.88 175
c 18 2 § 67 | 757 1.96 195
D 22 7 8 8 | 684 2.06 210
E 20 4 10 78 50 1.93 205
F Wn ed 15 6 | 453 1.83 160
G 4 2 | 18 5s | 389 1.80 158.2
‘To answer the questions posted, we need to know certain basic concepts:
Elements the source of relevant information or data, ie. an individual, entity,
population unit.
Variable is the characteristic or property of the element.
Random Variable is a variable being measured to produce numerical
observations associated with the random outcomes of a chance experiment.
Observations are numerical values associated with measuring the variable.
There are two types of random variables:
1. Discrete Random Variables are random variables where the observed
numerical value are produced by counting and assumes whole numbers
only.
2. Continuous Random Variables are random variables where the observed
numerical values are results of measuring and may take on any numbers:
contained within any numerical intervals.
Let us apply and illustrate the concepts to Table 2.1
Elements Random Variables
Pe saan eee oe
E eee } oe
A 5 2 4 4.65 85 1.83 165
8 10 3 4 59 80.5 1.88 175
c 18 5 é 67 78.7 1.96 195
D 22 7 8 8 68.4 2.06 210
E 20 4 | 0 75 50 1.93 205
F 1 3 15 6 45.3 1.83 160
ic a [2 18 5 38.9 1.80 158.2
Discrete Random Variables Continuous Random Variables oe qe said table, “Players” is considered an element, while “Points per game’,
er of rebounds per game’, etc. are the random variables. Of these, the first
three are discrete random variables, while the last four are the continuous random
variables,
The variable “Points per game” is considered a discrete random variable since the
observation is any whole number from 4 to 22. Since playing time per gameis measured
in minutes, the observation took on any value from 4.65 minutes to 8 minutes; this isa
continuous random variable.
To summarize, consider the following:
eral eit Biatert
ie
bayaps tease el
Observations for xis any point
Observations for x is a whole number ns
within the range
Points pergame | 40 and thus, is considered Another example of discrete random variable:
Acoin is tossed three times. Let X be the number of heads that we throw.
f Coin ;
BON
T H
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
T H T H
NI=
NIla
>
Nia
4
=x
4
=x
A
=
1
=x
N
w
0 il
1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8
The variable "number of heads" is a discrete random variable since it can take
a countable number of values.
While the following quantities would typically be modeled with continuous
random variables. They are measurement oftime, distance, and other phenomena
that can, at least in theory, be determined to an arbitrary high degree of accuracy.
1. the height or weight of a randomly chosen individual from a population.
2. the duration ofa lecture.
3. the volume of fuel consumned by a bus on it's route.
4. the total distance driven by a taxicab ina day.
Note that there are obvious ways to make all of the above examples to be
discrete random variables, Key Concepts
Variable - characteristic of object or property of element.
Random variable - a variable being measured to produce numerical observations
associated with the random outcomes of a chance experiment.
Observations - numerical values associated with measuring the variable.
Discrete random variables - random variables where the observed numerical val-
ues are produced by counting and assumes whole numbers only.
Continuous random variables - random variables where the observed numerical
values are results of measuring and may take on any numbers contained within
any numerical intervals. Something to|\Chew on ACTIVITY NO. 6
A. Classify the following according to type of variable.
1. The number of goods sold in a retail store
Volume of gasoline consumed by an automatic car
. Names listed in a voting center
|. Outcomes when tossing a coin
Temperature observed in Kelvin units
Annual gross sales in a supermarket
Actual number of metric tons loaded in a container van
.. The angle of elevation projected by missile launchers
9. Type of blood extracted from patients
10. The interest rate on Return on Investment (ROI)
[Link] of an unknown liquid
12. Color of hair
13, Diastolic blood pressure
[Link] of an overactive pituitary gland
15. Thickness of a book
[Link] blood cell count
[Link] of water in the lungs of an infected patient
18. Presence or absence of a certain disease
19. Color of the conjunction of the eyes
20. Length of incubation for an ostrich egg
ONOaRWHN
B. Scholars of physical science devote much of their time in performing experiments. They are
interested in verifying theories on areas such as physics, astronomy, geology, and chemistry
based on the data resulting from an experiment. The following variables have been gathered
through various conditions. Which are discrete and which are continuous variable.
« The time traveled by projectile motion
. The components of vectors
. The force of gravity of an object
|. The quantity of satellite orbiting around the earth
. The quantity of matter in an object
. Magnitude of atoms in a certain molecule
. The number of meteorites hitting a satellite per day.
. The number of neutrons expelled per thermal neutron
absorbed in fission of Uranium-235.
9. The amount of particles in a liter of O, gas.
10. The speed of light from the earth to the moon.
11. Intensity of Earthquake
12, The temperature of water
[Link] distance traveled by a moving car
14. The acceleration of a swing at rest
15. The length of the spring as it stretches
ON AMRWNS Something toDigest © ACTIVITY NO. 6
A. Fill in the blanks to complete the information table.
fests
Customer arrival
Gear einl fel nica? Uy
abs ey) Giarue Nc) Variable
Restaurants with 10
seating capacity
Roads from farm _| Percentage
to market completion
Student enrolment | Schools O it female
1ifmale
Business Gross sales (in millions of
companies Pesos)
Observing new- Birth weights (in Ibs)
B.
eon babies
following:
Biologist
Accountant
Economist
Engineer
Chef
Su PRWnNo
Computer game developer
Give an example of a discrete and a continuous variable that would be an interest to the
Discrete Variable Continuous
|
