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Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

(PUT AN INTRODUCTION TO EACH LEGEND) In this chapter, the

proponents have enumerated the methods of research used to gather

information needed in doing this study. It is important to know and understand

the methods to be used in order to achieve the objectives and the goals of the

study.

Research Design

(introduction)The proponents have considered research as one of the

most important part of the study because through research, the proponents have

gathered the information needed in doing this research. The following are the

methods of research used in making this study.

Descriptive Research Method. (anong mga ginawa ninyo sa method na

ito at pano nakatulong sa inyo ito)This method is defined as a purposive process

of gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating data about prevailing

conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends and cause and effect

relationships and then making adequate and accurate interpretation about such

data with or without the aid of statistical method.

Internet Research Method. (anong mga ginawa ninyo sa method na ito

at pano nakatulong sa inyo ito) Using a new creation of an advancement of

technologically innovative idea means consulting different instruments like

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internet. These instruments help the proponents to identify a significant or

relevant information with the use of the World Wide Web. With regards to this,

almost everything can be foreseen in this instrument this concludes that for

further understanding of different methodology internet research was put into

consideration.

Survey Research Method. (anong mga ginawa ninyo sa method na ito at

pano nakatulong sa inyo ito) The proponents used this method to collect data

from the target beneficiaries of the proposed system. This method is formulated

for gathering data that can identify the problems encountered with the proposed

system which supports the statement that there is a need to develop a system

that will address such concerns.

Creative Research Method. (anong mga ginawa ninyo sa method na ito

at pano nakatulong sa inyo ito) This method inculcates the dexterities to create a

new technological breakthrough with an extends graphical user interface that the

respondents as well as the proponents will enjoy the new creation.

Research Setting

(saan ginawa ang research ninyo, at ang anong mga ginawa nyo sa lugar

na ito) The research was held at company name, address. The proponents

conducted an observation and interview and distributed questionnaires and

evaluation to company name. to know the process of the existing system.

Research Population

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 (write the slovin’s formula to compute sample population but in paragraph

form)

Sloven’s Formula. This was the formula used in computing for the

sample size of the respondents.

The proponents will conduct surveys to the people who were much related

to the existing system. The gathered information based on the survey was used

as a support for the method and system design of the proposed system. (detailed

respondents of your study Sample -- There were (2) Human Resource personnel

and (185) employees that will sign in the questionnaires and evaluation.

Respondents of the Study

(introduction)The respondents of the study include the employees wherein

the proponents prepare a set of carefully prepared and logically ordered

questions. These respondents focuses on the company’s personnel and

employees which includes 2 HR and 185 employees for they are very important

in a sense that this study is all about them.

Data Gathering

(introduction)This method has a variety of research tool that aid in data

gathering. These tools used for the research are the instruments that provide for

the collection of data upon which thus were tested.

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Sampling. It is a process that the proponents used that involves taking a part of

the population, making observations, interview, questionnaire and evaluation on

these representative groups, and then generalizing the findings to the bigger

population.

(sample sampling technique) Purposive Sampling. (pano nyo ginamit

ang sampling technique na ito) The proponents select the best group participants

who have knowledge or experience the area being investigated according to

criteria relevant to a particular question.

Data Gathering Techniques.

(introduction) These refer to the techniques used by the proponents to

develop the proposed system.

Observation. (anong ginawa ninyo ditto sa technique na ito) The

proponents used this technique as a collection method which is classified as a

participatory study, because the proponents has to immerse herself in the setting

where her respondents are, while taking notes and/or recording. (See

Appendix B)

Interview. (anong ginawa ninyo dito sa technique na ito) The proponents

used of this technique to gather and collect all the possible information for the

study, a particular by the user’s requirements and specifications. Suggestions

were also noted to identify exactly what the user really needs to further enhance

the system they are using. Data gathered from the respondent during the

interview served as the basis for the formulation of the solution to the problems

identified. (See Appendix C)

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Data Gathering Instruments.

These are the instruments used by the proponents to develop the proposed

system.

Questionnaire. (anong ginawa ninyo ditto sa technique na ito) The

questionnaire comprises questions that have been thrown out to the target user

with regards to the objectives of the study. This instrument was used in order for

the researcher to know if the proposed study fulfilled its general and specific

objectives. (See Appendix D)

Evaluation Form. (anong ginawa ninyo ditto sa technique na ito) This is a

useful tool for gathering data activities, attitudes and opinions. The researcher

talked to evaluations, with awareness and properly recording their responses

later, the data collected will be analyzed, categorized, compared, interpreted and

qualified. (See Appendix E)

Analytical Tools

(introduction) The following are the tools used to have a preface look with

the kind of system that the proponents plan in analyzing, describing and

designing the entire flow of the proposed system. These tools are adapted to

present a graphical representation that will provide better understanding for the

reader’s perspective.

Data Flow Diagram (DFD). (define and what is the relevance of this

analytical tool to your study) This diagram shows the interaction of subtask the

movement of information to another. This serves as a logical model of the

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system. By means of DFD, the logical flow of the system will be currently

observed and distinguished if it’s relevant. (See Appendix F)

Visual Table of Content (VTOC). (define and what is the relevance of

this analytical tool to your study) The diagram in hierarchal graphic picture of the

system menu tends to be easy for even non-technical users to understand how

the proposed system would run. Through the application of VTOC, the

proponents provide an outlook or overview of the system menu and the sub-

menu. (See Appendix G)

Input – Process – Output (IPO). (define and what is the relevance of this

analytical tool to your study) This diagram is a remodeling toll that was used to

represent the theoretical framework paradigm, which explains the input – process

– output of the system. It contains other intermediate diagram but also show

external data, such as the steps in the procedure when data is used. (See

Appendix H)

Flowchart. (define and what is the relevance of this analytical tool to your

study) A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an

algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task. (See Appendix I)

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). (define and what is the relevance of

this analytical tool to your study) This entity relationship diagram (ERD) shows

the relationships of entity sets stored in a database. An entity in this context is an

object, a component of data. An entity set is a collection of similar entities. These

entities can have attributes that define its properties. (See Appendix J)

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 Chapter 4

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

(introduction) This section will discuss the components of the proposed

software and is subdivided into three sections: General Function, System

Function and System Input and Output.

General Features. (introduction) The proposed software will have a

Graphical User Interface (GUI) that will be user-friendly enough for the user to

understand its functions and features.

Menu Driven. (what is material to use in the system) Within the

program the user will click the desired option by the use of a mouse for

easy manipulation of the program since it is a GUI.

Accessibility. (where or what kind of connection you use in order

to access the program) The designed system is said to be accessible anytime

and anywhere as long as there is an internet connection.

User Friendliness. (how is your program be user friendly) Since

the program is menu-driven and is a graphical user interface it is easy to

understand and operate the program.

System Interactivity. (how can respondents interact to you program)

Every respondent can interact with the online system. They can write a review on

every item and can contact the webmaster.

System Functions. (what are the menu of the program and it’s functions)

The proposed software possess button line My accounts, Announcements,

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Employees, update announcement, comments and suggestion and manage

website. The proposed system was categories into administrator and employees

account. The administrator account is responsible for managing the website

through updating records of employees, uploading announcement, events,

memorandum and salary of each staff also they are responsible for filtering the

job application while the other account is for employee’s account, they can now

enjoy a new innovative creation of technology, with this they can now manipulate

their online leaves online, view their salary online and they can determine the

announcement, events, memorandum of the company online.

Software Development

(introduction) The following stages below will tell the users about the

proposed software of its product specification, requirements and how the entire

software was built:

Software Specification. The software stated in table 10.0 helped the

researchers in achieving the desired output used to develop the system.

Table 10.0

Software Specification

Software Used Minimum Recommended

Operating System
Programming Language

Hardware Specification. In order for the software to function properly, the

hardware requirements in table 11.0 should be satisfied.

Table 11.0

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 Hardware Specifications

Software Used Minimum Recommended

Processor AMD Atlon Pentium IV 1GHz AMD Atlon
MTIIP340 Dual Equivalent MTIIP340 Dual
Core Processor Core Processor
Higher
RAM 3 Giga bytes 256 MB 3 Giga bytes
higher
Video Card 1 Gig Video Card 64 MB Video Card 1 Gig Video Card
higher
Disk Space 320 Gig Hard Disk 200 MB Hard Disk 320 Gig Hard Disk
space space space higher
Monitor Colored Monitor Colored Monitor Colored Monitor
(1280 x 1024 32 (800 x 600 16 bit (1280 x 1024 32
bit color) color) bit color)
Keyboard Generic Keyboard Generic Generic Keyboard
Mouse Generic Mouse Generic Generic Mouse

Hardware and Software Specifications. The hardware and software

must be determined in order for the proposed software to work in the desired

condition. Table 10.0 and Table 11.0 show the requirements needed by the

software.

Chapter 5

FEASIBILITY STUDY

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 (introduction)This an assessment of the practicality of a proposed project

or system. Feasibility study aims to objectively and rationally uncover the

strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture,

opportunities and threats present in the natural environment, the resources

required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success

Methods used for Product Evaluation

In this portion discusses how the product should be evaluated in terms of

its performance and whether the system is feasible for implementation or not.

Technical Feasibility. (introduction)Technical feasibility is concerned with

whether the proposed system to be developed is technically feasible for

implementation. The software can be considered technically if the software and

hardware specifications are at hand and with the basis of research and surveys.

The hardware, software and human resources and knowledge requirements

must be available in Philippine market to be used for the implementation of

proposed system. (how can you say that your proposed study is technically

feasible for implementation?)

Operational Feasibility. (introduction)The proponents used an evaluation guide

for interviewing prospective users of the system. This is done to determine the

operational feasibility of the proposed system. Evaluation is required to know

whether the new system is operationally better in terms of (sample criteria)

accuracy, reliability, efficiency, speed and portability than the existing system or

not.

The following criteria are used in the said evaluation:

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 Accuracy. The ability of the system to generate correct and precise

results that the system can perform.

Accessibility. Easy to access and easy to use.

Reliability. The ability of the system to be dependable in data accuracy to

help users acquire reliable output in obtaining its goal.

Security. The ability of the system to be able to be secure enough.

The Likert’s scale, as shown in the Table 3.0 was used to determine the

equivalent verbal interpretation (adjective equivalent) of each criterion. It is

commonly used in questionnaires.

Table 3.0
Likert’s Scale
Score Corresponding Remark
4.50 – 5.00 Excellent
3.50 – 4.49 Very Good
2.50 – 3.49 Good
1.50 – 2.49 Fair
1.00 – 1.49 Poor

Economic Feasibility. This method is used to evaluate the financial resources

that will be sent on the proposed system. The proponents used Cost-Benefit

Analysis (CBA) to determine the Payback Period (PP) and the Return of

Investment. (Appendix K)

Cost Benefit Analysis

A. Hardware Depreciation Cost

Salvage Value = [(Hardware Cost / Life Expectancy) * Development

Period/ 12 Months
Annual Depreciation Cost = (Hardware Cost – Salvage Value) / Life
Expectancy

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 Monthly Depreciation Cost = Annual Depreciation Cost / 12 Months

Hardware Depreciation Cost = Monthly Depreciation Cost * Development

period
B. Software Depreciation Cost
Salvage Value = [(Software Cost / Life Expectancy) * Development
Period /12]
Annual Depreciation Cost = (Software Cost –Salvage Value) / Life
Expectancy
Monthly Depreciation Cost = Annual Depreciation Cost / 12 Months
Software Depreciation Cost = Monthly Depreciation Cost * Development
Period
C. Labor Cost
Labor Cost = Developer’s Fee * Development Period
D. Miscellaneous
E. Overhead Cost
KwH used = (No. of watts * No. of hours a month) / 1000 watts
F. Summary of Development Cost
Total Development Cost = Hardware Development Cost + Software
Development Cost + Labor Cost + Miscellaneous + Overhead Cost

G. Total Annual Benefits

Selling Price
Annual KwH Used
Annual Maintenance Fee

Less Expense:
1st Year Saving = [(no. of KwH consumed per day x price per KwH
used) x 365days] – Annual Maintenance Fee

Return of Investment (ROI) = [(Total Annual Benefit – Annual Maintenance

Fee) / Total Development Cost] * 100

No. of Years to gain back Initial Investment = [100% / ROI]

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Method Used in Developing the Software (what method have you used to

develop the proposed system)

The proponents used WebE or the Web Engineering model.

WebE Model. The proponents used this model to create high quality Web-

based applications (WebApps).

Architectural
Design
Content
Design
Navigation
Design
Production

Interface
Design

Figure 3.0

WebE Process Model

Formulation. An activity that identifies the goals and objectives of the

WebApp and it establishes the scope for the first increment.

Planning. It estimates overall project cost, evaluate risks associated with

the development effort, and defines a finely granulated schedule for later

increments.

Analysis. Establishes technical requirements for the web application and

identifies the contents that will be incorporated. Requirements for graphic

designs are also defined.

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 Engineering. The engineering activity incorporates two parallel tasks

illustrated on the right side of Figure 3.1. Content design and production are

tasks performed by non-technical members of the WebE team. The intent of

these tasks is to design, produce, and/or acquire all text, graphics, audio, and

video contents that are to become integrated into the WebApp.

Page Generation and Testing. A construction activity that makes heavy

use of automated tools for WebApp creation. The content defined in the

engineering activity is merged with the architectural, navigation, and interface

designs to produce executable Web pages in HTML, XML, and other process-

oriented languages. Testing exercises WebApp navigation; attempts to uncover

errors in applets, scripts, and forms; and helps to ensure that the WebApp will

operate correctly in different environments (e.g., with different web browsers).

Customer Evaluation. Each increment produced as part of the WebE

process is reviewed in this stage. This is the point where changes are requested.

These changes are integrated into the next path through the incremental process

flow.

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