INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD 7887 “Thitd edtion 2011-12-15 ae Water quality — Examination and determination of colour Quali de leau— Exarnon ef determination de la couleur Referance number 180 7887.2011{E)10 7887:2011(E) Contents Page Method 8: Determination of the true colour using optical instruments, ‘Method C: Determination of true colour using optical instruments for determination of absorbance at wavelongth 2= 470 nm T ‘Method D: Visual method for the determination of the colour in natural water . 8 Test report. ‘Annex A (informative) Quality Control wns ‘Annex B (informative) Precision data )IPADHY sevenesererernese 4 2 3 4 Method A: Visual examination wenn: 5 6Foreword 180 (the International Organization for Standardization) is @ worldwide federation of national standards be (SO member bodies). The work of precering Intemational Standards is normally carried out through ‘echnical committees. Bach member body intefasted in a subject for which a technical committee has | established has the right to be roprosonted on that committee. Iniemational o-ganizations, governmental non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. |SO collaborates closely with Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization, Intemational Standards are drefted in accordance with the rules clven in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. ‘The main task of technical commitiees is to prepare international Standards. Draft International Stand adopted by the technical commitices are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication a International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote, Aitention is drawn to the possibilty that some of the elements of thie document may be the eubject of pe "ights. ISO shall not be held responsible for idenfifying any or all such patent rights, 180 7887 wes precared by Technical Committas ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subeommittee SC 2, Phys chemical and biochemical methods. ‘This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7887:1994), which has been techni revised.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7887:2011(E) Water quality — Examination and determination of colour WARNING — Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to ostablich appropriate safety and health practicos and to ‘ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted in accordance with this Intematfonal ‘Standard be carried out by suitably qualified staff. 1 Scope ‘This Intemational Standard specifies four different methods, designated A to D, for the examination of colour. ‘The previously most employed method for assessment of water colour in water treatment stants, imnological surveys, etc. was based on the hexachloroplatinate scale (Reference [1]). Methods C and D ere harmonized with this traditional procedure (References [2][3]). Method A involves examination of apperent colour by viauelly observing @ water sample in a bottle. This gives only preliminary information, for example for use in feld work, Only the apparent colour ean be reported. Method 8 involves determination of the true colour of a water sample using optical epparatus end is applicable fo raw and potable weler and to industrial water of low colour. A subslause on interferences is included Method C involves deterninatfon of the true colour of a water sample using optical apparatus for comparison with hexachloroplatinate concentration at wavelength, 1-410 nm, A subclause on interferences is included, Method 0 involves determination of colour by visual comparison with hexachloroptatinate standard solutions and con be applied to raw and drinking water. A subclause on interferences is included. Methods A and B are appropriate ifthe colour hue of the cample differe from the hue of the metehing solution. NOTE Under cortsin circumstances, stionaly coloured water samples require dion before examination or ddatermination. Hawaver, this ean alter the plysical-chernical conlions teading to.a change in colour, NOTE 2 _ An internal qually control procedure for all methods specified in this Intemational Standerd is civen in ‘Annex A. Precision éata ara given n Annex B, ‘When stating the result, the procedure used (mathods A to D) is also recorded. 2 Normative references Tho following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edkion cited agplies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced ocument (including any amendments) apolies. 180 3698, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods 1S0 6667-2, Welter qually — Sempling— Part 3: Prosorvation and handling of water samples ISO 10523, Water quality — Dstermination of pH180 7887:2011(E) Put the unfitered sample into a bottle (4.1) and examine the sample in diffused ight against a white background for colour intensity and hue. Allow any suspended matter tnat settles to do so before examination. 44 Qualitative description State the intensity of the colour (il, pale, light or dark) and the hus (e.g. yellow, yellowish brown), EXAMPLE Apparent colourin accordance with ISO 7887, method A: pale, yellonish brown. 5 Method B: Determination of the true colour using optical instruments 5.1 General ‘The intensity of the colour of a wator eample is characterized by ite light absorption at the wavelength of maximum absorption and quantified by measuring the absorption coefficient with a fier photomeier or spectrophotometer. Normally, most of the yellow-brown coloured natural waters, and the coloured waste water sampies of discharges of domestic treatment plants can be measured at 436 nm. Waste water from industrial waste water treatment plants does not show sufficiently sharp and distinguished absorption maxima. Those waters shall be examined using the wavelengths specified in 5.2. 5.2 Principle Characterization of the intensity of colour of 2 water sample is performed by measuring the attenuation (2hsorption) of light. Different colours cause maximum absorption at different wavelengths of the incident fediation. In accordance with Mathod B of thie International Standard, the colour of the water is dotemmined using 2 photometer or a spectrometer al a minimum of thiee different wavelengths, distributed over the range of the visible spectrum: 2) a1) =436 am: b) a(2)=625 nm; a Fara. qquer estdunl Wes > ‘Always use the wavelength 1 = 436 nm (Hg 436 nm); wavelengths 2(2) and 2(3) can differ slightly from those specified above, depending on the type of optical fiter employed. For a better characterization, measurements. al additional wavelengths near the absorption maximum can be performed, ©) 43)=620nm, 5.3. Interferences Prior to measurement, the water sample is fitered (5.7) o avold interferences by undissolved matter. This firation cen, however, lead to further interferences (e.g. due to oxidetion reactions caused by contact with a CF eve to précipitations initiated by the fitration step). As an example, ron and manganese compouncs can be retained on the filler or transferred io a coloured oxidation siete. In scme cases. particularly in the presence of colloidal solids, @¢. clay or other finely dispersed matter, it can prove impossible to obtain 2 clear fitrate. In this case, menlion inthe test report that colloidal solds are present NOTE Colours often depend on pH. Therefore, the pH of the water sample is regularly determined in parallel with ‘optical measurements and these resus are reported wih the other findings,ae ISO 7887:2017(8) 54 Reagents 84. Optically pure water Soak @ membrane fiter, of pore size 0,2 um, in distiled or defonized water for approximately 1 t approximataly 1 | of water, grade 1, as specified in 180 $696 through the prepared file, discarding 50 ml of irate, NOTE Ifeshlyotsitted or delonizas water nas no measurable cbeorbence, it can be used. 5.42, Water for washing \Weter, grede 3, as specified in ISO 3698, 5.5 Apparatus 5.5.1 Spectrophotometer (option 1), for continuous of discontinuous measurement, suitable for the range of the spectrum (approximately from 330 nma to 780 nm), preferably a scanning double beam ins! with bandwidth <10 nm, 5.5.2 Filter photometer (option 2), for discontinuous measurements, equipped with spactral ine having a fandwieth which is as erali as possible (ehout 20 nm), allowing measurements to ‘wavelengths 435 nm, 525 nin and 620 nm. 5.5.3. Membrane filter assembly, with fiters of pore size 0,2 um and 0,46 ym. 8.5.4 pH-metor, 6.6 Sampling and samples Se04.2, &7 Procedure Set up either the spectrophaiometer (6.5.1) ot filer photometer (6.5.2) and siritly observe the op ‘manual supplied by the manufacturer of the instrument. Prior to examination, fiter the water sample thr membrane filer of pore size 0,45 jm (6.5.8). In paralll with each colour determination, measure the p {tered sample in accordance with |SO 10825. In the case of strong colours, it can be necessary fo use ‘cells with suitable pathlengths down to 1 mm. The waler semple can also be diluted with a measured of optically pure watar (6.4.1), a6 eppropriate, afer fitration. The pH! shell be measured before an dilution Transfer the sample to the optical call of the spectrophotomoter or fer photomoter end place optical water (6.4.1) in he reference cell. ithe spectral abscrption cosfficient, ay, at the wavelength, 2, is less than 0,1 cm~', the optical pathte tho col should be 10 mm or more. NOTE1 A cell ofeptcal pathlongth down fo f mm cen be used to avokd diluting the sample, Measure natural waters at 436nm against optically pure water (5.4.1). Perform further measurern 25 nm and 620 nm, NOTE2 in order to determine the absorption maximum, the entire abserption spectrum between $50 nm and ‘can be taken, using 2 scanning spectzophotometer (5.6.1).ISO 7887:2014(E) 68 Calculation Calculate the spectral absorotion costfcent,«-(), absorbance per mette, using Eavation (1): a(a-47 ay where A. isthe sbeorbance of the water sample et wavelength 2% 4 isthe optical pathlength, in milimetres, ofthe cel J 18 factor fo give the spectral absorption ecetfeent in recicrocal metres (f= 4 000) The volume of water used for dilution chould be taken info cecount when stating the result NOTE Most spactiophotometers are calibrated directly in terms of absorbance units, For instruments calrated only Interms of tensmitance, T= Gy! dp, the absorbance, 4, 's qven by Equaten (2): de) ° whore ys the incient fix: pis the transmitted fax 5.9 Expression of results ‘Apert from the absorption ccefficiont, c (7), the wavelength ofthe incident light (e.g. 496 nin) shall be reported. For radiation which fs not strictly monachromati, the epectal helf-intensity width (Aa bandwidth) shall also be reported, The spectral absorption coefficient shall be rounded to the nearest 0,1 m-t. EXAMPLE “True colour in accordance with ISO 787, mathod B, ‘Spootral absorption coefficient, Hg a=436 nm: 52m Sposiral absorption coefficient, 2= 626 nm, d= 24 nm 18m Spectral absorpion coeficient, a= 620 nm, AA = 18 nea 23m pHovalue afte frat o4 6 Method C: Determination of true colour using optical instruments for determination of absorbance at wavelength 1= 410 nm 61 Principte ‘The intensity of the yellowish orown colour of a samole ie determined by measurement of the absorption coefficient at 2= 410 nm, Comparison with the spaciic absorption coefficient for a defined calibration solution of potassium hexechloroplatinate and cobelt chloride at the seme wavelength gives the colour value in terms ‘of mg F* Pt This procedure can only be applied for true colour of optically clear samples (e.9. after filtration with pore size 0,45 pm).NOTE Tho wavelongth, 4 = 410 nm, is chosen as the shorles! at which the absorption spoctra of a netur ‘sample visually denominated es 100 mg I~1 Pt in accordance with mettiod O and the corresponding matching es ‘Solution of 100 mg it Ptinterseet (ese Figure 1) (Reference 2). Alon, ‘matching solution naturat water ‘absorbance, elatve scale ‘wavsiongtn mawag Figure 4 — Absorbtfon spectra for a sample of natural water and a visually matching calibrati solution both 100 mg rt Pt 6.2 Interferences Finely dispersed suspended maiter that interferes with the ebsorbance measurement shell be remo\ filration using a 0,45 um membrene fier, Problems can arise, however, if air should enter the same resultin formation of differently coloured oxidized species, eg. ron or manganese can be retained on th or ean be transformed into differently coloured oxidized species. In some cases, especialy in the presence of collokal clzy particles, it can prove impossible to obtain f without turbidity. In such cases, a statement that the sample was turbid shall be reported together witht result. Clogging of the pores in a membrane filter raduees the pore size and cen inoreese the retention of I colloids, which decreases the colour values, 83 Reagents . During the analyse, unless olnervse stated, use ony reagents of recognized analytical grade, 831 Stock colour calibration solution, coresponcing i 600 mg I Pt sae 26592 0069 poocsum hoxaclovsltnalalV) (PIO) and 109093200089 co otfoide hewahydrate (CoGi-AH,0) In about 800ml water (6.4%), Add 100 ism hysroclone (91,18 g mi) end make up to fre mec with waterin 1 000 ral cne-merk volumesris ase ‘Store the colton in darkness at 4° 2 “Cin a well-stoppored dark browm glass betta, ‘The solution a stable for atleast 3 yearsISO 7887:2011(E) CAUTION — Potassium hexachloroplatinate is a sonsitizer and toxic compound. Use protection when handling the compound. 6.3.2 Colour calibration solution, for use, corresponding to 100 mg I! Pt. ‘Transfer by means of a volumetric pipette 20 ml of the stock solution (6.9.1) te @ 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask and make up to the mark with water (5.4.1), ‘The solution is stable for atleest 1 month when stored in a wel-stoppered bottle in carkinoss at 4°C £2 °C. 64 Apparatus 64.1 Spectrophotometer (option 1), for continuous or discontinuous measurement, suitable for measurement at 2=410 nm wilh a bandwidth of <5 nm equipped with optical cells of glass or quartz with optical pathiength of £0 mm or 50 mm. Oplicel cells with 10 mm cptical pathlength can be used for strongly coloured samples. Vide 0 cyarze 642 Filter photometer (option 2), for dacontinuous measurements, equipped with epectal lina fiers” having a bandwadth which Is 2s smal as possble (about 20nm), allowing measurements to include the wavelength 410 nm, 64.3. Membrane filter assembly, ith filters of pore size 0,2 pm and 0,45 pm. 644 pH-meter. 6.8 Sampling and samples see 42 , 6.6 Procedure J trada Set up either the spectrophotometer (6.4.1) or fiter photometer (6.4.2) in accordance with the manufacturer's inetructions, Prier to examination, fiter the water sampie through a membrane fiter of pore size 0.45 jm (8.43). Let the sample equilibrate to room temperature. In parallel with each colour determination, meesure the pH of the fitered samo, In the case of strong colours, the water sarmple can be dited with a measured volume of optically pure water (54.1) to an inensity within tre calibration range. Alternatively, after fitration, dilution can be omitted by use of an optical cell with suitable pathienath. Then meaoure the pH in accordance with |SO 10523. Transfer the sample to the optical cell of the spectroghotometer or fiter photometer and place optically pure water (5.4.1) in the reference cell, 67 Calculation 6.7.1 Determination of speci absorption for the calibration solution Set up either the epectrophotometer (6.4.1) oF fier photometer (6.4.2) in secordance with the manufacturer's Instructions. Measure dep Of the colour calibration solution (6.3.2) with optically pure water (5.4.1) in the reference cell Calculate the specific absorption coefficient, 2, of the calibration solution given 28 Aig [mt (mg It Pt") using Equation (2):ISO 7887:2011(E) Aaso. ante @) 400 5 where uso Is the absorbance of the colour calibration solution; 100s the colour ofthe calibration solution In mg H1 Pt; 5 4 is the optical pathlength, in milimetres, of the optical cel. t ‘The calibration curve should bo a straight line. NOTE ___qhe speciic absorption coefficient for the calibration solution Is @ physical constant of about 5,4 x 10~ mar {mgs POI. The use of this constant for calculation of results depends on carefully vetifed constant inslrnent conditons, 6.7.2 Calculation of the colour intensity of the samplo ‘The volume of water used for dilution shall be taken into eccount when stating the result Celeulate the true colour of the sample, C, in mg I Pt, using Equation (4): where ajo. |S the absorbance of the sample at 4=410 nm; 4's the pacific absorption coefficient of the calibration solution given in reciprocal concenttation ai milimetes fmt (mg 1 P=}, “| 4 is the optical pathlength, in milimeties, ofthe call, 68 Expression of results Report the value to the nearest mg Pt in the range of 2 up to but not including 280 mg +1, Report valuas 2250 mg I~* Pt rounded to the nearest 10 mg Ht Pt, Report values in the range mgt Pt up to butnot including 2 mg I Pi as <2 mg Mt Pt The light absorption of certain natural dissolved substances in water Js pH-dependent, It is there Fecommended that the pHevalue of the sample bo quoted together with the colour. EXAMPLE Twwe colour in accordanes with ISO 7887, Methed . Water colour 18mg i Pt pHvalue 64Vecyficaccay de aansionk ISO 7887:2011(E) 7 Method Visual method for the determination of the colour in natural water 7A Principle Determination of the intensily of the yellowish brown colour of a sample by visual comparison against a series fof matching solutions. Expression of the colour in terms of mg I" Pt units representing the intensity of colour produced by the matching solutions. 7.2. Interferences Interferences arise ifthe hue ofthe sample differs appreciably from the hue ofthe matching sokstions. in these ‘cases, a meaningful comparison can prove impossible to oblain and the determination shall be carried out accordance with method A or B. For adcitional interferences, see 5.3, 7.3. Reagents During the analysis, unless otherwise stated, uso only reagents of recognized analytical grad 7.341 Stock colour-matching solution, corresponding lo 500 mg I" Pt units. seo6.3.1 7.32 Colour-matching solutions. Pipette: 2,8 ml; §.0 ml; 10,0 mi; 16,0 ml; 20,0 ml; 25,0 ml, 30,0 mi; and 35,0 mi of stock solution (6.5.1) into a eres of 260 mi volumetric flasks and make up to the mark with water (6.4.1) These solutions contain: 5 mg" Pt; 10mglPt 20mg I"! Pt; 30mg"! Pt; 40mg! Pt 80 mg Mt Pr, 60mg" Pt: and 70 mgi-1 Pt, respectively. Store tho solution in darkness at 4*C+2°C in well-stoppered glass bottee. ‘The solutions are stable for 1 month, 74 Apparatus 7.4.4 Standard observation tubes, for example Nessler tubes, tall form, length about 20 om, of capacity 50 mi, made of optically clear glass with shadowless bottoms, or special observation tubes. NOTE Larger non-standard tubes can be used. 74.2 Comparator ‘The manufacturar's operating instructions shall be observed. The cell for the blank, or for the reference, shall be filed with optically pure water (5 4.1). 7.4.3 Permanent glass standards, covering a similar range of standard colours, in terms of mg I Pt, as the matching solutions. ‘Their use is permissibie provided that they are checked at intervals of 8 months against the matching solutions (7.3.2) and recallreted if necessary. For sarnples with carker colour, it may be convenient to use glass standards covering a higher range These glass standards shall also be checked at intervals of ‘@ months against corresponding matching solutions prepared from the stock colour-matching solution (7.3.1) and recalibratad it necessary. 7.6 Sampling and samples See 4.2.Iso 7887:2011(E) 7.6 Procedure Ifthe sample is turbid, fiter it through a membrane fiter of pore size 0,45 ym (5.5.3) before carrying out the determination of colour (see paragraph 3), In the presence of clay or other finely dispersed suspended matter, it can prove impossible to obtain a cla filtrate, in which case only apparent colour is measured, Ifthe membrane fiter absorbs coloured substances, another fter type, e.g. a glass fibre fiter should be used 4nd this should be stated in the test report. ‘ifthe colour is beyond the rangs covered by the glass stendards, diute the sample with measured amounts a optically pure water (6.4.1) until the colour is within the range of the matching sclution or olass standards, Toe pH of the sample can change because of the dilution. Therefore measure pH in accordance with |SO 10524 Prior to and efter dilution, another standard observation tube to the mark with the test portion. Place the observation tubes on 2 wie surface placed at such an angle thal light (not direct sunlight), or light from a white cabinet, is reflected upwards through the columns of liquid, Look vertically downwards through the columns of quid, Match intensity of the colour ofthe test portion with that of the nearest matching solution, standards (7.4.3). 7.7 Expression of results Report the value, in mg 1 Pt, as that ofthe nearest matching solution, fo the nearest § mg 1 Ptin the renga (© up to but net including 40 mg I" Pt end to the nearest 10 mg! Pt inthe range 40 mg I=! Pt to 70 ma tthe sample has been diluted, report the original colour, Cp, in terms of ma H1 Pt, given by Equation (5): isthe volume of the sample after dilution; Yo. isthe volime of the sample before dilution; isthe estimated colour of the diluted sample. If te colour of the sample does not match that of the standards, an approximate value may be reported an appropriate note matching 's impossible, is recommencied that a descriction of the sample be given. ‘The absorption spectra of certain dissolved natural substances in water are pH-dependent. Therefore it recommended that the pH-vaive of samples be quotas together wth the colour 8 Test report This tostroport shall contain atleast the following information @) the test method used, together with a reference to this Intemational Standard (ISO 78872011);180 7887:2011(E) Annex A 5 (informative) Quality control AA General Internal quality control may be performed with 2 control solution (A3.2), which may be usod for allt methods specified in this Intemational Standard. A2 Reagents AA Humic acid, e.g, Fluke 536600, A22 . Sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHOO;, A.3 Solution preparation 3.1 Stock control solution, about 3 000 mg “1 Pt, and Aagy = 6 ent Mix 4,2.g NaHCO, (8.2.2) and 92 mg humic acid (A.2.1) in a 600 ml volumetric flask. Add about 50 ml vet (6.4.1) and shake vigorously for some minutes to dissolve the solids. Wake up to the mark with water, Fit the solution if some undissolved particies remain. Thereafter, meke up to the mark with water. 1 ‘Store the solution in darkness at 4 *C +2 °C in a well-stopoered glass botts. The olution is stable foratieast 3 months, A82 Control solution, for use. Dilute the stock control solution (A.3.1) tentafively to a colour in the range of the test samples. The © colour of the conirel solution used is doterminad tn accorcance with method 8, C or D. Only freshly ma solutions shall be used. The exact colour of the control solution is not important, since the purpose measuring at least one control eolution in each sares of test samples is qualty control and aesessmen} precision 1), Fluka 63680 Ie the trade namo of a product suppliod by Sigma Aldrich, Thic information i= gion for tho convonio of users of his document and does not consiiute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products be used Fthey can be shown to lead to the same reaullsIso 7887:2011(6) Annex B (informative) Precision data ‘An interlaboratory trial was organized by the Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, in 2010-06/07. A tolal of 25 laboratories from the Czech Republic (1), Denmark (2), Finlend (6), Germany (3), Hungary (1), Ireland (4), end Norway (8) participated in this trial. Three different water samples were analysed: Semple A: Driniing water sample (public water supply of slo, Norway), Sample 8: Filtered surface water sample {high DOC), Sample C: Synthetic sample prepared from humic acid (53880-1067). ‘The median value within eech group of results was used as the ‘assigned value" because no cerlifed value was available for these three samples. Table B:1 — Precision data for method B, determination of true colour using optical instruments, 436 nm ‘Sample 7] | oe | % | Sw Ce ce ae ‘A [Deinking water eo _ | 76 | 149 | ot6 [014] 938 | 002 | 192 | 001 | a8 B | Filered surface water 7 [2 | 0 | 240 |298| o92 | 002 | oo | 007 | os © | Synthetic sample 7 [2 | 0 | osr [oss] o« | cos | 35 [003 | a7 1 |rumber of laboratories after outlier rjection a |number of ndvidual test resul’s after outer rejection 2 |pereentege of outiors and excluded reeus mm _ |megian value of reported rosutts =| overat mean ofresuts 17 | recovery" in relation to median value sn |reprocucbitty stendard deviation Cra | coatfctent of vailation of reproducibility 4 |repeaiabiity standard deviation osticint of vasition of repeatability 2), €3680-10G is tha trade name of product supplied by Sioma Aldiich, This information is given for the convenience of lore ofthis document and does nat constitute an endorsement by ISO of tie product named.180 7887:2011(E) Table 6.2 — Precision data for method B, determination of true colour using * ‘ optical instruments, 525 nm ‘Sample raat i T*le]= |: )7])"]oa >= )oq |i | mt | % dot | % [ot] wy 8 | Fitered surface weter ws | o| oz | o76 [1027 [009] a2 | oor | 19) Cc _[Synihots sample 15 | 20] 030 | o25 | e57 | a02 | 67 | 002 | sai) [Expienation of symbols, soe Teble Bt. 7 ‘Table B.3 — Precision data for method B, determination of true colour u optical instruments, 620 nm a | | Ce] & | Om fms | mt |e fet | [ot | m: ver [om | oas [ear] om [ea Lome [ae vez Lora | ara [ree | 000 | 124 fone [anal 8 | Fitered surface water G_|Syninete sample Explanation of eymbols, 298 Table Bt, ‘Table 8.4— Pracision data for methad C, determination of true colour using optical inetruments for determination of absorbance at 4410 nm | ‘Sample Matrix 7 » | s [a] « lem)» [oa mat! Pi}mmgt4 Pe} % [mgtter| % |mgrtet| x | Drinking water is | 45 | 0 | 490 | 4¢0 [oz7] o70 [ia0) ons | os B _|Fitored eurtace water | 15 [ «5 | 0 | 7060 | 7081 [1004] ove | 14 | 078 | 1a [Synthetic sample 46 | 45 [0 [iser [iser fos] 101 [es | on | ay Explanation of symbos, ace Table Bt. ‘Table B.8 — Precision data for method D, visual method for the determi tn natural water, using comparator ation of the colour ‘Sample Matrix tyalolm [= [a] « [eal = la, 2% |marseafmaree| % note] |motse| oy 7A [Ding wae 7 [> [ras] e00 | are [ova] 100 [von] om [ral fs facie | 8 | 4 [0 [ons3 [ease [t000] 210 | 90] 14 [aa a [siete sample ae [0 [1500 | 166 Jina] 100 | ea | 100 | al Explanation of symbols, see Table 3.1.1) @ 8 4) 5] i 180 7887:2014(E) Bibliography HAZEN, A. A new celor-standard for natural waters. Am. Chem. J. 1892, 14, pp. 300-310 Honeve, D., AKESs0N, G. Spectrophotometric determination of wator calor in Hazen units. Water Res. 1996, 30, pp. 2771-2775 CROWTHER, J., EVANS, J. Estimating colour in Hazen units by spectraphotometyy. J Am. Water Works Assoc. 1981, 73, pp. 265-270 MacCertiy, P., Rice, JA, Spectroscopic methods (other than NMR) for determining functionality in hhumis substances, In: AIKEN, G.R., MCKNIGHT, D.M., WWERSHAW, R.L., MCCARTHY, P., editors, Humic substances In soll, sediment and water, pp. 527-559. New Yotk, NY: Witey-Interscience, 1885 IEGICIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, Intemational ighting vocabulary®) 180 8245:1999, Water quality — Guidelines for the determinetion of total organic carbon (TOG) and dissolved organie carbon (DOC) 3) Technically Wentiea to IEC 60080-848:1987, Inlerational Flectiotachnical Vocabulary — Lighting