COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CEB804 – RESILIENT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING (HONOURS)

YEAR 4 SEMESTER 1, 2021

DESIGN OF ROOFING STRUCTURE

TIMBER BOLTED CONNECTION

KRISHNEEL DUTT
ID: 2018001114
DECLARATION

I, Krishneel Dutt declare that the Design of roofing structures (resilient timber bolt connection) is my
own piece of work. The whole report writing and details are my own work.

NAME: KRISHNEEL DUTT DATE: 08/04/21

SIGNATURE:
 BACKGROUND
Timber connections are now being designed considering both ductile and brittle failure modes using
the detailed method in the proposed new connection chapter yet to be codified.
For the truss connection shown in Figure 1, design the specified joints, determining the number of
bolts, sizes, spacings and design also the steel plates.

DELIVERABLES:
Submit your design report showing sketches with all dimensions and grades of materials to be used
so that a draft person can make a final drawing.
Submit your calculations in an Appendix.

DESIGN JOINTS:

Joint 2, 3, and 4. These are all steel-wood-steel joints. Assume a size & grade for the steel plates.
The plates will be cut from one piece (no welding calcs needed). State any required assumption and
verify its validity.

BASE INFORMATION

The loadings are from the G & Wu load combination.

Members are LVL 11 (Dry timber)
Bolts are grade 4.6
JOINT 2
JOINT 3
JOINT 4
SECTION PROPERTIES

JOINT 2 JOINT 3 JOINT 4

TENSION LOAD 320 kN 405 kN 123 kN

TIMBER PROPERTIES
TIMBER BREADTH (b) 360 mm 360 mm 180 mm
TIMBER THICKNESS (t2) 180 mm 180 mm 180 mm
STEEL
THICKNESS OF STEEL 8 mm 10 mm 8 mm
PLATE (t1)
BOLTS
DIAMETER OF BOLT 20 mm 24 mm 12 mm
NUMBER OF BOLTS 6 6 6
BOLT SPACING 90 mm 100 mm 50 mm
ROW SPACING 70mm 80 mm 40 mm
LOADED END 110 mm 130 mm 70 mm
DISTANCE
UNLOADED EDGE 70 mm 80 mm 40 mm
DISTANCE

UNLOADED EDGE BOLT SPACING

DISTANCE

LOADED END DISTANCE

LVL 11 TIMBER

GRADE 300 STEEL PLATE

GRADE 4.6 BOLTS

 NAME : KRISHNEEL DUTT
ID : 2018001114

DESIGN JOINT 2

TENSION LOAD N* = 320 kN

LVL 11 TIMBER
Breadth of the timber section b= 360
depth of timber section t2 = 180
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Tensile stress parallel to grain ft = 30 Mpa
Tensile stress perpendicular to grain ftp = 1.45 Mpa
shear stress fs = 6 Mpa
Fracture parameter Cfp 16 Nmm
Modulus of Elasticity E = 11000 Mpa
Modulus of Rigidity G= 550 Mpa
Mean Density of LVL 11 P= 570 kg/m3
Load combination K1 = 1

STEEL PLATE
MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF GRADE 300 STEEL PLATE

Yield stress of grade 300 steel fy = 320 Mpa

Tensile strength of grade 300 steel fup = 440 Mpa
Thickness of steel plate t1 = 8 mm
No. of Shear Planes ns 2

BOLTS
Bolts of grade 4.6 fuf = 400 Mpa
SECTION PROPERTIES
Diameter of bolt d= 20 mm
Number of bolts n= 6
Bolt spacing a1 90 mm 4d 80 OK
Row spacing a2 70 mm 3d 60 OK
Loaded end distance a3t 110 mm 5d 100 OK
Unloaded edge distance a4c 70 mm 3d 60 OK

DETAILED DESIGN
DUCTILE MODE

JOINT RESISTANCE
1. YIELDING RESISTANCE (N a,y,u)
Mean density of LVL 11 p= 570 kg/m3
Depth of timber section t2 = 180 mm
Load combination k1 = 0.8
Tensile Strength fuf = 440 Mpa
Thickness of Plate t1 = 8 mm
Diameter of Bolt d= 20 mm
 STEEL
Fi = ᵩs 3.2 fuf ᵩs = 0.9
F1 (Side member, steel plate) F1 = 1267.2

LVL 11 Øy = 0.8
F2 = Øy (0.075p(1-0.0037d))K1 k1 = 1
F2 = 31.6692
Ƀ = F2/F1 0.024991

FASTNER YIELD MOMENT MY

MY = 0.3Fufd2.6 My 318604.5 [Link]

FAILURE MODE A
Na,y,u = f 1dt1
Na,y,u = 202.752 Kn

FAILURE MODE B
Na,y,u = (F2dt2)/2
Na,y,u = 57.00456 KN

FAILURE MODE C
Na,y,u =
F1dt1= 202752
2+Ƀ = 2.024991
2*Ƀ 0.049983 Nax = 27.701 kN Nax = 27.701 LH Term
1+Ƀ 1.024991 Nax = 6.92525 Nax = 75.4 Axial resistance
4*Ƀ 0.099966 Na,y,u = 34.63 Nax = 31.4 Bearing resistance
F1dt12 1622016

FAILURE MODE D

Na,y,u = 28.06269

MINIMUM GOVERNS Na,y,u = 28.06269 Kn

FINALLY
Na,y,u = Na,y,u n ns Na,y,u = 28.06269
Na,y,u = 336.7523 Kn number of bolts= n= 6
number of shear planes
ns= 2
N*= 320 kN

FOR DUCTILE FAILURE

N*≤ Na,y,u THUS N*= 320 < Na,y,u = 336.7523 OK

 BRITTLE MODE

1. ROW SHEAR RESISTANCE

Loaded end distance a3t = 110 mm

Row spacing a1 = 90 mm
Shear stress fy = 6 Mpa
depth of timber section t2 = 180 mm
no. of column of bolts nfi = 3
acri = 90
no. of rows of bolts nr = 2
wood as an internal member KLS = 1

RSI= Design Shear Capacity along shear planes

Rsimin = [Link]. [Link] .t

Rsimin = 437.4 KN

Reduction factor for wood = фw = 0.7

load combination [1.2G +1.5Q] K1= 1
Dry timber K12 = 1

No,rs= ф[Link] nr k1 k12

No,rs= 612.36 Kn

GROUP TEAR- OUT RESISTANCE

Reduction factor for wood фw = 0.7 AGT net = Critical area between outer rows
1 row, 2 shear planes Rs1 = 437.4 AGTnet = a2-(d+2)t2
1 row, 2 shear planes Rs2 = 437.4 AGT net = Critical
21240areamm2
between outer rows
Tensile stress parallel to grain ft = 30
Diameter of bolt d= 20 GT = 0.5(RS1+RS2) + 1.25ft AGT
Depth of timber section t2 = 180 GT= 1233.9 Kn
Row spacing a2 = 140
Load combination k1 = 1 No gt = фw GT k1 k12
dry timber k12 = 1 No gt = 863.73 kN

NET TENSION RESISTANCE

Area reduction factor ф= 0.8
Tensile stress paralle to grain ft = 30
load combination k1 = 1 An= net area at critical cross section
dry timber k12 = 1 (b-2(d+2))t1
breadth of timber section b= 360 An= 56880 mm2
diameter of bolt d= 20 Nt= 1706400 N
thickness of timber section t2 = 180
NET TENSION
N o,t = ф Nt K1 K12
1365.12 kN

RESISTANCE OF JOINT: (minimum)

Na,y,u = 336.7523
No,rs = 612.36 336.7523 Kn Minimun of 4 GOVERNS
No,gt = 863.73
No,t = 1365.12

therfore N*ow = 336.7523 kN N* = 320 kN

FOR BRITTLE FAILURE

N* ≤ N ow 336.7523 > 320 kN OK

DESIGN OF BOLTS

shear reduction factor for bolts ф= 0.8 BOLT CAPACITY IN SHEAR

minimum tensile strength of bolt Fuf = 400
reduction factor kr = 1
number of shear planes with thread nn = 6 ф Vf 641.6256 KN
minor diameter of bolt Ac = 225
number of shear planes without thread nx = 6
nominal plain diameter area of bolt Ao = 314
sectional area of bolt As = 245

tension load N* = 320

number of bolts n= 6
no. of shear planes ns = 2
shear demand on each bolts Vf* = 160

SO ф Vf 641.6256 > Vf* 160 KN OK

Capacity of 1 BOLT
SO ф Vf = 106.9376 > Vf* 26.66667 kN OK
 DESIGN OF STEEL PLATE

BOLT IN CONTACT WITH STEEL PLATE

Strength reduction factor for ply in bearing ф= 0.9

diameter of bolt d= 20
thickness of plate t= 8
tensile strength of ply fup = 440
minimum distance + d/2 ae = 120
tension force on timber member N*= 320
bolt spacing a1 = 90
elastic design C1 = 1
distance from edge of member to edge of bolts X= 110
Ae (X + d/2) ae = 120

CAPACITY OF PLY AGAINST BEARING фVb = [Link]

фVb = 225.28 kN
Minimum GOVERNS 225.28 KN
CAPACITY OF PLY AGAINST TEARING фVb = ф[Link]
фVb = 380.16 KN

Tension load N*= 320

number of side plates np = 2
shear demand on bolts V*f = 160

SO фVb = 225.28 > V*= 160 Kn OK

PLATE SUBJECTED TO TENSION

Axial tension force on member N* = 320

strength reduction factor ф= 0.9
diameter of bolt d= 20
yield stress of grade 300 steel fy = 320
tensile strength of grade 300 steel fup = 440
breadth of steel plate b= 200
thickness of steel plate t1 = 8
gross sectional area of steel plate Ag = 1600
net area of cross section An= 1248
uniformly distributed tensile force Kt = 1

ф Nt = ф ([Link]) ф Nt = ф ([Link])
ф Nt = 460.8 KN ф Nt = 420.0768 KN

minimum GOVERNS ф Nt = 420.0768 Kn

tension load N* = 320 Kn

number of side plates np = 2
tension demand on each plate N* 160

So ф Nt = 420.0768 > N* 160 Kn OK

 DESIGN JOINT 3

TENSION LOAD N* = 405 kN

LVL 11 TIMBER
Breadth of the timber section b= 360
depth of timber section t2 = 180

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Tensile stress parallel to grain ft = 30 Mpa
Tensile stress perpendicular to grain ftp = 1.45 Mpa
shear stress fs = 6 Mpa
Fracture parameter Cfp 16 Nmm
Modulus of Elasticity E = 11000 Mpa
Modulus of Rigidity G= 550 Mpa
Mean Density of LVL 11 P= 570 kg/m3
Load combination K1 = 1

STEEL PLATE
MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF GRADE 300 STEEL PLATE

Yield stress of grade 300 steel fy = 320 Mpa

Tensile strength of grade 300 steel fup = 440 Mpa
Thickness of steel plate t1 = 10 mm
No. of Shear Planes ns 2

BOLTS
Bolts of grade 4.6 fuf = 400 Mpa
SECTION PROPERTIES
Diameter of bolt d= 24 mm
Number of bolts n= 6
Bolt spacing a1 100 mm 4d 96 OK
Row spacing a2 80 mm 3d 72 OK
Loaded end distance a3t 130 mm 5d 120 OK
Unloaded edge distance a4c 80 mm 3d 72 OK

DETAILED DESIGN
DUCTILE MODE

JOINT RESISTANCE
1. YIELDING RESISTANCE (N a,y,u)
Mean density of LVL 11 p= 570 kg/m3
Depth of timber section t2 = 180 mm
Load combination k1 = 1
Tensile Strength fuf = 440 Mpa
Thickness of Plate t1 = 10 mm
Diameter of Bolt d= 24 mm
 STEEL
Fi = ᵩs 3.2 fuf ᵩs = 0.9
F1 (Side member, steel plate) F1 = 1267.2

LVL 11 Øy = 0.8
F2 = Øy (0.075p(1-0.0037d))K1 k1 = 1
F2 = 31.16304
Ƀ = F2/F1 0.024592

FASTNER YIELD MOMENT MY

MY =
0.3Fufd2.6 My 511827 [Link]

FAILURE MODE A
Na,y,u = f 1dt1
Na,y,u = 304.128 Kn

FAILURE MODE B
Na,y,u = (F2dt2)/2
Na,y,u = 67.31217 KN

FAILURE MODE C
Na,y,u =
F1dt1= 304128
2+Ƀ = 2.024592
2*Ƀ 0.049184 Nax = 39.81 kN Nax = 39.81 LH Term
1+Ƀ 1.024592 Nax = 9.9525 Nax = 108.6 Axial resistance
4*Ƀ 0.098368 Na,y,u = 34.63 Nax = 45 Bearing resistance
F1dt12 3041280

FAILURE MODE D

Na,y,u = 38.6582

MINIMUM GOVERNS Na,y,u = 38.6582 Kn

FINALLY
Na,y,u = Na,y,u n ns Na,y,u = 38.6582
Na,y,u = 463.8984 Kn number of bolts= n= 6
number of shear planes
ns= 2
N*= 405 kN

FOR DUCTILE FAILURE

N*≤ Na,y,u THUS N*= 405 < Na,y,u = 463.8984 OK

 BRITTLE MODE

1. ROW SHEAR RESISTANCE

Loaded end distance a3t = 130 mm

Row spacing a1 = 100 mm
Shear stress fy = 6 Mpa
depth of timber section t2 = 180 mm
no. of column of bolts nfi = 3
acri = 100
no. of rows of bolts nr = 2
wood as an internal member KLS = 1

RSI= Design Shear Capacity along shear planes

Rsimin = [Link]. [Link] .t

Rsimin = 486 KN

Reduction factor for wood = фw = 0.7

load combination [1.2G +1.5Q] K1= 1
Dry timber K12 = 1

No,rs= ф[Link] nr k1 k12

No,rs= 680.4 Kn

GROUP TEAR- OUT RESISTANCE

Reduction factor for wood фw = 0.7 AGT net = Critical area between outer rows
1 row, 2 shear planes Rs1 = 486 AGTnet = a2-(d+2)t2
1 row, 2 shear planes Rs2 = 486 AGT net = Critical
9720areamm2
between outer rows
Tensile stress parallel to grain ft = 30
Diameter of bolt d= 24 GT = 0.5(RS1+RS2) + 1.25ft AGT
Depth of timber section t2 = 180 GT= 850.5 Kn
Row spacing a2 = 80
Load combination k1 = 1 No gt = фw GT k1 k12
dry timber k12 = 1 No gt = 595.35 kN

NET TENSION RESISTANCE

Area reduction factor ф= 0.8
Tensile stress paralle to grain ft = 30
load combination k1 = 1 An= net area at critical cross section
dry timber k12 = 1 (b-2(d+2))t1
breadth of timber section b= 360 An= 55440 mm2
diameter of bolt d= 24 Nt= 1663200 N
thickness of timber section t2 = 180
 NET TENSION
N o,t = ф Nt K1 K12
1330.56 kN

RESISTANCE OF JOINT: (minimum)

Na,y,u = 463.8984
No,rs = 680.4 463.8984 Kn Minimun of 4 GOVERNS
No,gt = 595.35
No,t = 1330.56

therfore N*ow = 463.8984 kN N* = 405 kN

FOR BRITTLE FAILURE

N* ≤ N ow since 463.8984 > 405 kN OK

DESIGN OF BOLTS

shear reduction factor for bolts ф= 0.8 BOLT CAPACITY IN SHEAR

minimum tensile strength of bolt Fuf = 400
reduction factor kr = 1
number of shear planes with thread nn = 6 ф Vf 923.7504 KN
minor diameter of bolt Ac = 324
number of shear planes without thread nx = 6
nominal plain diameter area of bolt Ao = 452
sectional area of bolt As = 353

tension load N* = 405

number of bolts n= 6
no. of shear planes ns = 2
shear demand on each bolts Vf* = 202.5

since ф Vf 923.7504 > Vf* 202.5 Kn OK

Capacity of 1 BOLT
ф Vf = 153.9584 > Vf* 33.75 kN OK
 DESIGN OF STEEL PLATE

BOLT IN CONTACT WITH STEEL PLATE

Strength reduction factor for ply in bearing ф= 0.9

diameter of bolt d= 24
thickness of plate t= 10
tensile strength of ply fup = 440
minimum distance + d/2 ae = 92
tension force on timber member N*= 405
bolt spacing a1 = 100
elastic design C1 = 1
distance from edge of member to edge of bolts X= 80
Ae (X + d/2) ae = 92

CAPACITY OF PLY AGAINST BEARING фVb = [Link]

фVb = 337.92 kN
Minimum GOVERNS 337.92 KN
CAPACITY OF PLY AGAINST TEARING фVb = ф[Link]
фVb = 364.32 KN

Tension load N*= 405

number of side plates np = 2
shear demand on bolts V*f = 202.5

since фVb = 337.92 > V*= 202.5 Kn OK

PLATE SUBJECTED TO TENSION

Axial tension force on member N* = 405

strength reduction factor ф= 0.9
diameter of bolt d= 24
yield stress of grade 300 steel fy = 320
tensile strength of grade 300 steel fup = 440
breadth of steel plate b= 120
thickness of steel plate t1 = 10
gross sectional area of steel plate Ag = 1200
net area of cross section An= 680
uniformly distributed tensile force Kt = 1

ф Nt = ф ([Link]) ф Nt = ф ([Link])
ф Nt = 345.6 KN ф Nt = 228.888 KN

minimum GOVERNS ф Nt = 228.888 Kn

tension load N* = 405 Kn

number of side plates np = 2
tension demand on each plate N* 202.5

since ф Nt = 228.888 > N* 202.5 Kn OK

 DESIGN JOINT 4

TENSION LOAD N* = 123 kN

LVL 11 TIMBER
Breadth of the timber section b= 180
depth of timber section t2 = 180
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Tensile stress parallel to grain ft = 30 Mpa
Tensile stress perpendicular to grain ftp = 1.45 Mpa
shear stress fs = 6 Mpa
Fracture parameter Cfp 16 Nmm
Modulus of Elasticity E = 11000 Mpa
Modulus of Rigidity G= 550 Mpa
Mean Density of LVL 11 P= 570 kg/m3
Load combination K1 = 1

STEEL PLATE
MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF GRADE 300 STEEL PLATE

Yield stress of grade 300 steel fy = 320 Mpa

Tensile strength of grade 300 steel fup = 440 Mpa
Thickness of steel plate t1 = 8 mm
No. of Shear Planes ns 2

BOLTS
Bolts of grade 4.6 fuf = 400 Mpa
SECTION PROPERTIES
Diameter of bolt d= 12 mm
Number of bolts n= 6
Bolt spacing a1 50 mm 4d 48 OK
Row spacing a2 40 mm 3d 36 OK
Loaded end distance a3t 70 mm 5d 60 OK
Unloaded edge distance a4c 40 mm 3d 36 OK

BRITTLE MODE
Loaded end distance a3t = 70 mm
1. ROW SHEAR RESISTANCE Row spacing a1 = 50 mm
Shear stress fy = 6 Mpa
depth of timber section t2 = 180 mm
no. of column of bolts nfi = 3
acri = 50
no. of rows of bolts nr = 2
wood as an internal member KLS = 1
 RSI= Design Shear Capacity along shear planes

Rsimin = [Link]. [Link] .t

Rsimin = 243 KN

Reduction factor for wood = фw = 0.7

load combination [1.2G +1.5Q] K1= 1
Dry timber K12 = 1

No,rs= ф[Link] nr k1 k12

No,rs= 340.2 Kn

GROUP TEAR- OUT RESISTANCE

Reduction factor for wood фw = 0.7 AGT net = Critical area between outer rows
1 row, 2 shear planes Rs1 = 243 AGTnet = a2-(d+2)t2
1 row, 2 shear planes Rs2 = 243 AGT net = Critical
4680areamm2
between outer rows
Tensile stress parallel to grain ft = 45
Diameter of bolt d= 12 GT = 0.5(RS1+RS2) + 1.25ft AGT
Depth of timber section t2 = 180 GT= 506.25 Kn
Row spacing a2 = 40
Load combination k1 = 1 No gt = фw GT k1 k12
dry timber k12 = 1 No gt = 354.375 kN

NET COMPRESSION RESISTANCE

Area reduction factor ф= 0.8
Tensile stress paralle to grain ft = 45
load combination k1 = 1 An= net area at critical cross section
dry timber k12 = 1 (b-2(d+2))t1
breadth of timber section b= 180 An= 27360 mm2
diameter of bolt d= 12 Nt= 1231200 N
thickness of timber section t2 = 180

NET TENSION
N o,t = ф Nt K1 K12
984.96 kN
DESIGN OF BOLTS

shear reduction factor for bolts ф= 0.8 BOLT CAPACITY IN SHEAR

minimum tensile strength of bolt Fuf = 400
reduction factor kr = 1
number of shear planes with thread nn = 6 ф Vf 225.2237 KN
minor diameter of bolt Ac = 76.2
number of shear planes without thread nx = 6
nominal plain diameter area of bolt Ao = 113
sectional area of bolt As = 84.3

tension load N* = 123

number of bolts n= 6
no. of shear planes ns = 2
shear demand on each bolts Vf* = 61.5

SO ф Vf 225.2237 > Vf* 61.5 KN OK

Capacity of 1 BOLT
SO ф Vf = 37.53728 > Vf* 10.25 kN OK

JOINT IN COMPRESSION

DESIGN FOR AXIAL COMPRESSION

Axial compression force on the member N* = 123

area reduction factor ф= 0.9
diameter of bolt d 12
yeild stress of grade 300 steel fy 320
tensile strength of grade 300 steel fup 440
breadth of steel plate b 120
thickness of steel plate t1 6
gross sectional area of steel plate Ag 720
net area of the cross section An 552
plate yield slenderness ratio ƛey = 16
plate element slenderness limit ƛe = 22.63

EFFECTIVE WIDTH be = b(ƛey/ƛe) be = 84.84313 mm

be = 84.84313 mm < b= 120 mm OK

THE AXIAL COMPRESSION CAPACITY OF THE PLATE

the effective area Ae = be.t1 Ae = 509.0588 mm2

the form factor Kf = Ae/Ag Kf = 0.707026

Area reduction factor ф= 0.9

the form factor Kf = 0.707026
nett area of the cross section An = 552
yield stress of grade 300 steel fy = 320
axial compression force on member N* = 123

THUS: Ns = [Link]
Ns = 124.8891 KN
фNs = 112.4002 kN

N* < фNs
N* 61.5 KN < фNs 112.4002 KN OK

NOMINAL CAPACITY OF A MEMBER

Compression member constant fo HR up 400mm αb = 1

Effective length Le 180
breadth of steel plate b 120
depth of the steel plate d 6
gross sectional area of steel plate Ag 720
second moment of area (I=bd3/12) I 2160
radius of gyration rxx rxx 1.732051
the form factor kf 0.707026
yield stress of grade 300 steel fy 320
modified slenderness ratio ƛn 98.86318
value of member reduction factor αc 0.645

Nc= α[Link] Nc= 80.55346 KN

Check nominal compression capacity фNc = 72.49811 KN

N* = 61.5 KN < фNc = 72.49811 KN OK