Artists and Artisans
(Subject, Content, Medium,
Production, and Art
Techniques)
Art Appreciation
Artistic Functions
Aesthetic
An artwork functions aesthetically when it becomes an
instrument for mankind to be cognizant of its beauty
where feelings of joy and appreciation are manifested
Utilitarian
Art serves this function when it is used to give comfort,
convenience, and happiness to human beings
Social
Art serves this purpose when it bridges connection among
people
Cultural
Art serves as an aperture towards skills, knowledge, attitude,
customs, and traditions of different people
Do not forget!
Aesthetic Utilitarian
Social Cultural
Persons Involved In Art
Artist
Engaged in the activity of creating, practicing or
demonstrating art, working with visual techniques,
such as composition, color, space and perspective
to produce the desired effect
Art Agent
Represents an artist working on their behalf to
promote and sell their work
Art Consultant/
Advisor
Acts as an intermediary between artists, galleries
and auction houses, and buyers by helping people
such as art collectors select and acquire art for
their home, business, or collection
Art Dealer
Person or company that buys and sells works of art
with aim of making a profit
Art Auctioneer
An art auctioneer works on behalf of their clients
to sell pieces of art for the highest possible price
Art Valuer
Similar to an art auctioneer, gives advice on how
much a work of art or a collection of art is worth;
needs to be active in the arts by attending art
exhibitions at galleries and museums
Gallery Owner/
Manager
Responsibilities include managing both the creative
and business sides of running an art gallery, as well
as organizing and exhibitions, private sales and
loaning out art
Curator
In charge of a collection of exhibits in a museum or
art gallery, and is responsible for assembling,
cataloguing, managing, presenting and displaying
artworks, cultural collections, and artifacts
Art Conservator
Responsible for restoring, preserving and analyzing
artifacts and works of art
Art Historian
Studies art created in the past by individuals,
learning about artists’ lives and their societies, and
seeking to interpret and understand these works of
art for the preservation of future generations
Art Critic
Specializes in interpreting, analyzing and evaluating
art
Do not forget!
Art
Artist Art Agent
Consultant
/Advisor
Art
Art Dealer Art Valuer
Auctioneer
Do not forget!
Gallery Curator Art Conservator
Owner/Manager
Art
Art Critic
Historian
Subjects of Art
01 Representational
• With subject
• (paintings, sculptures, etc.)
01 Representational
• Also known as figurative art
represents objects or events
in the real world, usually easily
recognizable
• A painting of a cat looks very
much like a cat
02 Non-Representational
• Without subject
• (architectural, structures, etc.)
02 Non-Representational
• Work that does not depict
anything from the real world
• May simply depict shapes,
colors, lines, etc., but may also
express things that are not
visible
Do not forget!
Representational Non-Representational
Ways of Representing
Subjects
Realism/Naturalism
● The attempt to represent
subject matter truthfully,
without artificiality and
avoiding artistic conventions,
Benjamin Williams Leader, The Valley of the Llugwy,
or implausible, exotic, and 1883
supernatural elements
Abstraction
● The artist selects and
renders the objects with
their shapes, colors, and
positions altered; the original
subjects have been reduced
to simple geometric shapes Joan Miro - La mancha roja (The red
and they can be rarely spot), 1925
identified
Distortion
● Could mean twisting,
stretching, or deforming the
natural shape of the object;
done to dramatize the shape
of a figure Washing the Salt Off, Brett Whiteley
Surrealism
● A method where the artist
is giving expression to what
it is in the subconscious
composes dreamlike scenes
that show an irrational
arrangement of objects;
images are combined in
Salvador Dali, Dream caused by the
utterly fantastic and flight of a bee around a pomegranate
a second before awakening, 1944
unnatural relationships
Do not forget!
Realism/
Abstraction
Naturalism
Distortion Surrealism
Sources of Subject
Sources of Subject
01 Nature 02 History
Greek Roman
03 04
Mythology Mythology
Judeo- Sacred
05 Christian 06 Oriental
Tradition Texts
Sources of Subject
01 Primary
• Personal letters, diaries,
records or other
documents created during
the period under study;
photographs, jewelry,
works of art, architecture,
literature, music, clothing,
and other artifacts
Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci, 1503-1506/1517
Sources of Subject
02 Secondary
• Written about events in
the past; usually interpret
those events through the
lens of the time period in
which they are written
Replica of Mona Lisa, Marcel Duchamp, 1919
Kinds of Subject
Kinds of Subject
01 History 02 Still Life
03 Animals 04 Figures
05 Nature 06 Landscape
Kinds of Subject
07 Seascape 08 Cityscape
09 Mythology 10 Myth
11 Dreams 12 Fantasies
Content in Art (Levels of
Meaning)
Factual
The literal statement or the narrative content in the work
which can be directly apprehended because the objects
presented are easily recognized
Conventional
Refers to the special meaning that a certain object or color
has on a particular culture or group of people
Subjective
Any personal meaning consciously or unconsciously conveyed
by the artist using a private symbolism which stems from
his own association of certain objects, actions, or colors
with past experiences
Do not forget!
Factual Conventional
Subjective
Types of Traditional
Painting and Drawing
Styles
Tempera
• Stands for paint mixed with cohesive
materials, such as egg yolk, and describes 01
the painting style and the art medium;
fast-drying and a long-lasting art medium
Oil Painting
• Usually contains linseed oil that makes
them dry slower than others; prolonged 02
drying time is the advantage of using it
as an art medium
Acrylic Painting
• Dry fast, as opposed to oil painting, and
once they dry, they become water-
03
resistant
Watercolors
04
• Once applied on paper, there is little one
can do to change the result; watercolors
add a translucent quality to paintings and
are ideal for capturing the change of
light
Charcoal
05
• Charcoal sticks are made of powdered
organic material bound with wax or
gum; easily erasable, so it is
recommended to apply some fixatives
on charcoal drawings to ensure the
artwork’s longevity
Pastels
• These art mediums consist of paint
pigment similar to the ones in oil paints 06
and a binding material; soft pastels are
great for blending, while hard pastels
create sharp outlines
Chalk
• Usually comes in three versions, black, 07
white, and sanguine, depending on the
material
Graphite Pencils
• For sketching, outlining, or shading; there 08
are graphite pencils of varying hardness
in creating fine art
Colored Pencils
• Gained considerable attention and
respect in the modern art world because 09
of the numerous advantages they offer;
colored pencils’ artwork is expressive,
deep, and luminescent
Pen and Ink
• One can use a pen for outlining and
adding color in art forms like pen art or
10
hand lettering and calligraphy; ink is a
powerful but unforgiving art medium
Do not forget!
Tempera Oil Painting
Acrylic
Watercolors
Painting
Do not forget!
Charcoal Pastels Chalk
Graphite Colored
Pen and Ink
Pencils Pencils
Art Techniques (Mixed
Media)
Art Techniques (Mixed Media)
Collage
Art pieces made by combining various materials, like paper,
cloth, newspaper clippings, and everyday objects to create
unique artwork
Art Techniques (Mixed Media)
Assemblage
A three-dimensional version of mixed media art created by
arranging different objects and materials on a specific surface
Art Techniques (Mixed Media)
Found
Objects
Artists use everyday objects and transform them into art
pieces by putting them into a specific artistic concept
Art Techniques (Mixed Media)
Altered
Books
Physically changing a book and using it as a medium in an
artistic process; may cut out pages of a book to change it, or
can use cut pages as material for separate artwork
Art Techniques (Mixed Media)
Art
Journaling
Represents a way to enrich one’s record of different events,
memories, and thoughts by adding the artistic touch to it
Do not forget!
Found
Collage Assemblage
Objects
Altered Art
Books Journaling
References
(2021). Retrieved 15 May 2021, from [Link]
notes/chapter-2-the-fuctions-of-arts/7874784/view
Is a painting a primary source? [with examples] - Paperpile. (2021). Retrieved 15 May 2021, from [Link]
primary-source/
Representational, Abstract, and Nonrepresentational Art | Introduction to Art Concepts, SAC, ART100. (2021). Retrieved 15 May
2021, from [Link]
The Different Job Roles In Art. (2021). Retrieved 15 May 2021, from [Link]
The Ultimate Guide on Different Art Mediums – ARTDEX. (2021). Retrieved 15 May 2021, from [Link]
guide-on-different-art-mediums/
Using Primary and Secondary Sources. (2021). Retrieved 15 May 2021, from [Link]
sources#:~:text=In%20the%20strictest%20definition%2C%20primary,during%20the%20period%20under%20study.&tex
t=Primary%20sources%20might%20also%20include,%2C%20memoirs%2C%20and%20oral%20histories
