LITERATURE REVIEW The Internet has created a new paradigm shift in communication.
Today our youth
are addicted to using electronic communication tools. It is an undeniable fact that electronic-based communication
has transformed our lives tremendously, but unfortunately, there is a dark side to this technological advancement.
Cyberspace is a potential site for violence, victimization and oppression (Faye, 2011). According to Olweus (1993),
“a student is being bullied or victimized when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on
the part of one or more other students.” Hence, bullying is showing aggressive behavior to a person without any
prior provocation with the intention of causing harm.
It also denotes that the harm is done repeatedly over time and there is a disparity in strength and power between
the victims and cyber criminals. Electronic bullying or cyber bullying, according to Kowalski (2011) simply indicates
using the Internet to cause psychological and emotional disturbances. Olthof (2011) defines cyber bullying as a
strategic behavior of an individual to dominate another individual or a group of individuals. Online Oxford
Dictionary defines cyber bullying as the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending
messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. Cyber bullying is defined by Wikipedia as a deliberate act of
aggression using technological advances such as internet to cause harm to a person. This aggression can be
repeated, deliberate hostility. Cyber-bullying occurs "when the Internet, cell phones or other devices are used to
send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber-
bullying). Cyber bullying causes grave harm to an individual or group of people by exposing their personal data,
real names and addresses to criminals with malicious intent to the targeted individual or group. Cyber bullying can
include such acts as making threats, sending provocative insults or racial or ethnic slurs, gay bashing, attempting to
infect the victim's computer with a virus, and flooding an e-mail inbox with messages (WatIs.com).