Chapter- 7

Reservoir
7.0 General

Building reservoirs, either big or small, on rivers and streams

facilitate conservation, management and development of water resources in
our country in a big way. The spatial and temporal variations in rainfall and
consequent seasonal variations in stream flows necessitate creation of
reservoirs to obliterate the gap between the demand for water and
availability of flows in the respective time periods in the streams. Water
stored in a reservoir provides a buffer against water scarcity when rainfall is
scanty. Reservoir is a source for renewable energy generation which is
cheap and environment friendly. And also, water supplies to the needy areas
could be delivered by gravity from the reservoirs which is very economical.
Therefore, creation of reservoirs across rivers/streams for storage of water is
vital for conservation, better management and optimum development of
water resources in our country.

The river basins viz. Par, Auranga, Ambica and Purna, from which
diversion of water is proposed through the Par-Tapi-Narmada link canal,
receive 95% of annual rainfall in four months i.e. from June to September
during South-West monsoon season. The average monsoon run-off in Par,
Auranga, Ambica and Purna rivers is about 90% of annual run-off. During
non-monsoon season there would be negligible flows or no flows at all in
some months in these rivers. While flows are available in these rivers in a
limited period in a year, the water requirement for various purposes, such as,
irrigation, drinking and industrial, ecological etc. to be met by the link canal
are spread throughout the year. Therefore, to bridge the gap between flows
availability in these rivers at different time periods and demands to be met
in the respective time periods through the link canal, building storages
across these rivers is essential. Further, the rivers are flowing in deep
channels in Western Ghats and whereas the cultivable lands are lying at
much higher elevations. For irrigating these lands by gravity, it is necessary
to raise the water levels of the rivers by constructing dams/weirs/barrages
across them. Accordingly, six dams and two barrages are proposed under
the link project for diversion of surplus waters of Par, Auranga, Ambica and
Purna rivers to needy areas en-route and to take-over part Command Area of

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Narmada Main Canal of Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP). The six dams
proposed under the link project are: Jheri, Paikhed, Chasmandva, Chikkar,
Dabdar and Kelwan. The two barrages are proposed, one each at the
downstream of Paikhed and Chasmandva dams for diversion of the releases
from Paikhed and Chasmandva reservoirs into the link canal.

The Jheri dam is proposed across Par River near village ‘Jheri’ in
Peint taluka of Nasik district of Maharashtra State. Paikhed dam is
proposed across Nar River (a tributary of Par) near village ‘Paikhed’ in
Dharampur taluka of Valsad district of Gujarat State. It is proposed to divert
surplus waters from Jheri reservoir to Paikhed reservoir through 12.7 km
long inter-connecting tunnel. The combined waters will be released through
the Dam toe Power House of Paikhed dam into Nar river and tapped at
Paikhed barrage, proposed at about 4.60 km downstream near village ‘Nani
Coswadi’ of Dharampur taluka, and let into the Link Canal which off-takes
from Paikhed barrage.

The Chasmandva dam is proposed across Tan River (a tributary of

Auranga) near village ‘Chasmandva’ in Dharampur taluka. The surplus
waters of Tan River released through the Dam toe Power House of
Chasmandva dam will be tapped at Chasmandva barrage, proposed at about
8.5 km downstream near village ‘Chandha Chikadi’ of Dharampur taluka,
and will be diverted into the Link Canal by a Feeder Pipe line of about
2.859 km long.

The Chikkar dam is proposed across Ambica River near village

‘Chikkar’ in Ahwa taluka of The Dangs district in Gujarat State. The surplus
water of Ambica River will be diverted through a 14.342 km long Feeder
Canal into Dabdar reservoir after power generation at Chikkar dam toe
Power House. The Dabdar dam is proposed across Khapri River (a tributary
of Ambica) near village ‘Dabdar’ in Ahwa taluka of The Dangs district. The
combined surplus flows of Ambica and Khapri Rivers will be diverted into
the Link Canal through a 12.258 km long Feeder Pipe line after power
generation at Dabdar dam toe Power House.

The Kelwan dam is proposed across Purna River near villages

‘Kelwan’ and ‘Kakarda’ in Ahwa taluka of The Dangs district. The surplus

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waters of Purna River will be fed in to the Link Canal through a 7.616 km
long Feeder Pipe line after power generation at Kelwan dam toe Power
House. A Canal Power House is proposed across the Feeder Pipe line where
considerable drop in ground level is observed.

It is planned to drop the Link Canal in to the existing Ukai reservoir

on the river Tapi and to take it off from the right bank. However, neither the
storage of Ukai reservoir nor the waters of Tapi River would be used under
the Par-Tapi- Narmada Link Canal project. But the Ukai reservoir will be
used just as a ‘Level Crossing’ for diversion of water through the Link
Canal. The Link Canal crosses Narmada River downstream of Sardar
Sarovar Project and finally out-falls in to Miyagam branch canal of
Narmada Main Canal at RD 16.70 km.

In addition to the Link Canal’s demands, the above reservoirs will

also meet downstream environmental needs; domestic, industrial and
irrigation needs of the areas located at the periphery of these reservoirs. The
power generation at these reservoirs is planned utilizing releases for link
canal, environmental releases, committed downstream releases, spills, etc.

Considering the inflow pattern and water demands for various

purposes at a particular time, socio-economic and environmental impact due
to submergence and keeping in view the techno-economic aspects, attempt
has been made to fix the size of the proposed reservoirs.

The details on criteria adopted for fixation of various reservoir levels,

sedimentation studies carried out, area of submergence etc. of Jheri,
Paikhed, Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan reservoirs and the
details relevant to proposed barrages are presented in the following
paragraphs.

7.1. Jheri Reservoir

7.1.1. Fixation of Storage and Reservoir Levels - Approach–Criteria

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 The water availability studies at Jheri, Paikhed, Chasmandva,
Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan dam sites have been carried out by the
Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi as a part of
“Hydrological Studies of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project”. The Gross and
Net Annual Yields at Jheri dam site as per these studies are as given in
Table: 7.1.
Table: 7.1
Gross and Net Annual Yields at Jheri Dam Site
S.No Details Annual Yield (MCM)
. Gross Net
1 100% Dependable yield 183 174
2 75% Dependable yield 391 371
3 50% Dependable yield 467 446
4 Average yield 528 509

The net water availability at Jheri dam site has been worked out after
subtracting all the consumptive upstream utilizations planned by States.
Regeneration from major and medium irrigation projects has been taken as
10 percent while the same has been ignored in case of minor irrigation
projects. The regeneration from domestic and industrial uses has been
considered as 80 percent of water diverted for the purpose. The net yield
series generated at Jheri dam site for the period from 1975-76 to 2006-07 is
at Annexure: 5.12 in Volume - II.

The reservoir simulation study has been carried out for estimating the
live storage capacity of the reservoir that would provide the required yield at
specified reliability. The discharge data is available for a period of 39 years
from 1966 to 2004 at Nanivahiyal G and D site maintained by Government
of Gujarat on Par River, which is located d/s of Jheri dam site. Rainfall –
Runoff model has been developed using discharge data available at
Nanivahiyal G and D site and rainfall for the concurrent period. The flow
data of inconsistent years have been discarded while developing Rainfall-
Runoff model. Using this Rainfall – Runoff model the gross yield series for
the period from 1975-76 to 2006-07 at Jheri dam site has been developed.
The net yield series at the dam site has been generated by subtracting the net
upstream consumptive use from the gross yield series and used for
simulation analysis.

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 The simulation analysis has been done using Simulation Program
developed using c++. This programme also takes into account the different
releases from Jheri reservoir: i) for local domestic and industrial water
demand, ii) environmental and ecological requirements downstream of
proposed dam site, and iii) diversion to Paikhed reservoir for further transfer
to Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Canal. The result of this analysis is at Appendix
5.5 in Volume - IV which gives detailed output for the gross capacity of
206.03 MCM.

7.1.1.1 Dead Storage Level (DSL)

One of the most important issues in the planning of storage reservoirs

is the loss in the storage capacity due to silting. Hence, it is necessary at the
planning stage that a portion of the capacity of the reservoir is reserved for
occupation by silt deposition. By providing extra storage volume in the
reservoir for sediment accumulation, in addition to the live storage, it is
ensured that the live storage will function at full efficiency for an assigned
number of years. This volume of storage (in addition of live storage) is
referred to as the dead storage and is equivalent to the volume of sediment
expected to be deposited in the reservoir during the designed life of the
structure.

The sediment entering into a storage reservoir gets deposited

progressively with the passage of time and thereby reduces the dead as well
as live storage capacity of the reservoir. This causes the bed level near the
dam to rise and the raised bed level is termed as “New Zero Elevation”. It is
therefore necessary to assess the revised areas and capacities at various
reservoir elevations that would be available in future and could be used in
simulation studies to test the reservoir performance and also the New Zero
Elevation. As per IS: 12182 (1987) – “Guidelines for Determination of
Effects of Sedimentation in Planning and Performance of Reservoirs”. The
live storage is to be so planned that the benefits do not reduce for a period of
50 years (full service time) for irrigation or 25 years for hydropower
projects connected to a grid on account of sedimentation. Also the
sedimentation in the reservoir should not cause operational problems
(sedimentation beyond the outlet) for 100 years for irrigation projects and

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70 years for hydropower projects in a grid. As Par-Tapi-Narmada Link
Canal project is being planned mainly for irrigation purpose, the reservoirs
under the link project are proposed to be planned in such a way that full
benefits are available for 50 years and reservoirs will function normally for
about 100 years. Accordingly, sedimentation studies have been carried out
for 50 years (for reservoir simulation) and 100 years (for planning outlet).

The dead storage capacity of the Jheri reservoir has been fixed on the
basis of the guidelines given in “Fixing the capacities of reservoirs –
Methods, Part 2 Dead storage, IS 5477 (Part 2): 1994”.

The new zero elevation of the Jheri reservoir has been worked out as
185.00 m and 198.50 m after 50 years and 100 years respectively on the
basis of sedimentation studies. The corresponding capacities at these levels
as per the original Area - Capacity table come to 34 ha m and 868 ha m
respectively. However, Dead Storage Level of the reservoir has been
proposed as 199.00 m (corresponding original capacity of 923 ha m). The
details of sedimentation studies are furnished in Appendix 5.2 in Volume –
IV.

7.1.1.2 Low Water Level /Minimum Draw-Down Level (MDDL)

The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) of Jheri reservoir can be

fixed anywhere above 198.50 m which is the new zero elevation after 100
years of operation of the reservoir, based on sedimentation studies carried
out by Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi. Considering
the delivery head requirement at Jheri reservoir for diversion of waters into
Paikhed reservoir through the 12.7 km long tunnel, the MDDL of Jheri
reservoir is kept at 204.00 m.

7.1.1.3 Full Reservoir Level (FRL)

Integrated simulation studies carried out for Jheri, Paikhed,

Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan reservoirs indicate that the
proposed Jheri reservoir with Full Reservoir Level at 246.00 m will meet
various planned demands at 100% success rate. Therefore, the Full
Reservoir Level of Jheri dam has been kept at 246.00 m.

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7.1.1.4 Maximum Water Level (MWL)

Maximum water level of Jheri reservoir has been kept as 247.00 m

and the gates of spillway have been designed to pass design flood of 6539
Cumecs. Various levels fixed at Jheri Reservoir are given in Table - 7.2.

Table -7.2
Levels Fixed as per Simulation Study
Jheri Reservoir Elevation(m)
MWL 247.00 m
FRL 246.00 m
MDDL 204.00 m
Jheri – Paikhed Tunnel
Invert level at entry 199.50 m
Crown level at entry 202.50 m
Invert level at exit 185.00 m
Crown level at exit 188.00 m

7.1.1.5 Maximum Backwater Level at Full Reservoir Level and

Maximum Water Level and its Effect, Points to Which
Backwater Effect is Felt, Maximum Distance of Such Points
from the Axis of the Structure

The Full Reservoir Level (FRL) and Maximum Water Level (MWL)
of the Jheri dam have been fixed at 246.00 m and 247.00 m respectively.
The maximum back water level at MWL is 247.00 m and the effect extends
up to a distance of about 14.60 km from the axis of the dam (at the
periphery of the reservoir) within which no structure of significant
importance has been identified.

7.1.1.6 Saddles along the Reservoir Rim

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 The entire rim of proposed Jheri reservoir is covered with the
contours of value higher than the MWL as such no saddle is proposed along
the rim of Jheri reservoir.

7.1.1.7 Fetch

The fetch of the reservoir was determined to fix the free board and the
top of the dam. The fetch computations were done as per the Indian
Standards IS: 10635(Latest), “Guidelines for Free board requirements in
Embankment Dams”.

7.1.1.8 Direction of Wind - Velocity of Wind - Wave Height - Free

Board-Top of Dam

The direction of wind in Jheri reservoir area is mostly from east to

west. The Nasik IMD station is located near to the Jheri dam site. The
maximum wind velocity of 13.2 km/hr is experienced in the month of June
and the minimum wind velocity of 4.5 km/hr is experienced in the month of
December. The average velocity of wind is 8.4 km/hr. However, a normal
wind velocity of 44 m/sec has been considered. The following factors are
taken into consideration while computing the free board requirement:

(a) Wave characteristics i.e. wave height and wave length;

(b) Upstream slope of the dam and roughness of the pitching;
(c) Height of wind setup above the still water level.

The details of free board requirement for all the six dams are
furnished in para 6.1.5 of Chapter – 6: Design Aspects. The top of the rock-
fill portion of the Jheri dam has been fixed at 253.00 m.

7.1.2 Sedimentation Data and Studies

As a part of Hydrological Studies of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project,

the Sedimentation Studies of the reservoirs proposed under the Link Project
have been carried out by Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New
Delhi. The details of sedimentation studies are furnished in Appendix 5.2 in
Volume – IV and the gist of the studies is presented below.

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 Previously, five reservoirs which are situated in the vicinity of Par-
Tapi-Narmada Link Project were studied by Government of Gujarat to
determine the sedimentation rate in the region. Based on the hydrographic
surveys of Bhatsa, Dantiwada, Kanhar, Attaria-II and Machrewa-II
reservoirs in the vicinity, sedimentation rate was found in the range of 1.2 to
2.0 acre-ft/sq mile/ year for South Gujarat area. Based on these studies, a silt
rate of 1.5 acre-ft/ sq mile/ year (7.15 ham/ 100 sq.km/ year) was adopted in
Feasibility Study of the Link Project. These figures included bed load
assumed as 15 % of the suspended load.

Presently, Sediment load is being measured in only three river basins

viz. Auranga (at Amba GandD site), Ambica (at Gadat GandD site) and
Purna (at Mahuva GandD site) pertaining to Par-Tapi-Narmada Link
Project. The sedimentation rate assessed in these three river basins based on
observed daily discharges and sediment concentration are given in Table
7.3.

Table -7.3
Sediment Rate in Auranga, Ambica and Purna River Basins
S. River GandD site Sediment Rate (mm/km2/year)
No.
Suspended Load Total Load
(SL) (1.15*SL)

1 Auranga Amba 0.3831 0.4406

2 Ambica Gadat 0.2443 0.2810
3 Purna Mahuva 0.3693 0.4247

And also, based on the analysis of capacity survey data of 144

reservoirs, rate of siltation in the existing dams were calculated and zone
wise sedimentation rate was established in CWC’s document “Compendium
on Silting of Reservoirs in India”. In the document India is divided into
seven zones and silting rate for each zone is established based on the
reservoirs located in the respective zones. Table 7.4 summarizes the
published values of average and median siltation rate for the regions
“Narmada and Tapi Basin” and “West Flowing Rivers beyond Tapi and
South Indian Rivers”.

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 Table -7.4
Rate of Siltation as per
“Compendium on Silting of Reservoirs in India”
Zone Region No. of Average Median Values
Reservoirs Rate of of Rate of
Under Siltation Siltation
Study (mm/year) (mm/year)
6 Narmada and Tapi 3 0.729 0.75
Basin
7 West Flowing Rivers 19 3.533 1.79
beyond Tapi and
South Indian Rivers

But the sediment data is not available for Par and Nar rivers on which
Jheri and Paikhed dams are proposed. Currently no sediment observations
are planned in the catchment area of Jheri dam. However, the Government
of Gujarat had carried out sedimentation survey of existing Madhuban
reservoir on Damanganga River, which lies in the vicinity of the Link
Project. Using this data the sedimentation rate at Jheri dam site has been
assessed.

7.1.2.1 Rate of Sedimentation with Basis

The sedimentation rates observed at GandD sites (Table-7.3) are

relatively lower as compared to sediment rate based on hydrographic survey
of five reservoirs in the region and much lower than the generalized siltation
rate (Table-7.4) recommended for the region (west flowing rivers beyond
Tapi) in the “Compendium of Silting of Reservoirs in India”. The
hydrographic survey of existing reservoirs generally provide sound basis for
the assessment of sedimentation rate in the region. The hydrographic survey
of five reservoirs indicate sedimentation rate of 7.15 ham/100sq.km/year as
above. The hydrographic Survey of Madhuban reservoir in Damanganga
basin, which lies towards south of Par-Tapi-Narmada link projects, gave
sedimentation rate of 8.94 ham/100 sq.km/ year. Normal rainfall in
Damanganga basin is higher than the normal rainfall in river basins of Par-
Tapi-Narmada Link Project and therefore sedimentation rate of 7.15 ham/
100 sq.km/year, as assessed based on hydrographic survey of reservoirs in
the region, appears in order. However the land use changes are likely to
439
impact the sediment generation from the catchment in the future with
increasing human activities such as agriculture etc. Presently the catchment
of these river basins particularly the upper catchments are not significantly
affected by the human activities. Impact of climate change is likely to
increase rainfall intensities and extreme meteorological events. In view of
above factors, the observed sedimentation rate of 7.15 ham/100 sq.km/year
is enhanced by 25% and sedimentation rate of 8.94 say 9.0 ham/100
sq.km/year has been adopted for analysis of all the reservoirs contemplated
under Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project.

7.1.2.2 Quantity of Sediment

Considering the inflow sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 sq km/year

the sediment volume at Jheri reservoir will be as under:

i) 50 years sediment volume 18.008 MCM

ii) 100 years sediment volume 35.938 MCM

7.1.2.3 Type and Shape of Reservoir

The Jheri reservoir is considered as hill type and the standard

classification is taken as Type III.

7.1.2.4 Sediment Studies – Jheri Reservoir

As per IS 5477 (Part – 2): 1994 (Fixing the capacities of reservoirs),

either the “Empirical Area Reduction” method or the “Area Increment”
method is recommended to be used for sedimentation study. In this report,
the sedimentation study has been carried out using “Empirical Area
Reduction” method.

7.1.2.5 Sediment Distribution

The sediment distribution is worked out for two periods, viz. 50 years
and 100 years by Empirical Area Reduction method. For this purpose, the

440
FRL 246.00 m is adopted and bed level of the reservoir is considered as 180
m. The original Elevation-Area-Capacity table for Jheri reservoir is given in
Table-7.5.

Table-7.5
Original Elevation-Area-Capacity Table for Jheri Reservoir
Elevation (m) Area ( ha) Capacity (MCM)
246.00 836.42 206.03
245.00 818.20 197.75
242.00 758.51 174.11
239.00 686.39 152.44
236.00 590.39 133.31
233.00 553.52 116.15
230.00 487.80 98.76
227.00 451.01 81.36
224.00 414.09 68.39
221.00 375.66 56.55
218.00 320.41 46.12
215.00 240.50 37.73
212.00 215.10 30.90
210.00 208.20 26.67
208.00 190.33 22.69
206.00 170.64 19.08
204.00 152.65 15.85
202.00 136.26 12.96
200.00 120.00 10.40
199.00 113.04 9.23
198.00 105.56 8.14
197.00 98.31 7.12
196.00 91.34 6.17
195.50 87.97 5.73
195.00 84.60 5.30
194.00 76.46 4.49
193.00 68.72 3.76
192.00 61.40 3.11
191.00 54.49 2.54
190.00 50.00 2.01
189.00 41.49 1.56
188.00 35.45 1.17
187.00 30.90 0.84
186.00 24.81 0.56

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 Elevation (m) Area ( ha) Capacity (MCM)
185.12 20.75 0.36
185.00 20.20 0.34
184.75 18.38 0.29
184.50 16.56 0.25
184.00 12.92 0.17
183.00 7.27 0.07
182.00 3.23 0.02
181.00 0.81 0.00
180.00 0.00 0.00

The total sediment during 50 and 100 years will get distributed up to
and above various elevations as given in the Table-7.6 below:

Table-7.6
Distribution of Total Sediment at Various Elevations of Jheri Dam
Reservoir Level Sediment Deposition in MCM
After 50 Years After 100 Years
Up to 185 m 0.34 0.34
Above 185 m 17.82 35.26
Up to 199 m 5.89 9.24
Above 199 m 12.27 26.36
Up to 204 m 8.47 14.81
Above 204 m 9.69 20.79

The new zero elevation will be as follows:

After 50 years = 185.00 m
After 100 years = 198.50 m

The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) can be fixed anywhere above
198.50 m which is the new zero elevation after 100 years of operation of the
reservoir.

The plots of revised elevation-area-capacity curve for 50-Year

sedimentation and 100 year sedimentation are given in Figure – 7.1 and 7.2
respectively:

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

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 for Jheri Dam after 50 years
Capacity (MCM)

200 150 100 50 0

250 250

240 240

230 230

220 220
(m)

(m)
Elevation

Elevation
210 210

200 200

190 190

180 180

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Area

Area (Sq Km)

Volume

Figure 7.1: Plot of revised elevation area capacity curve for Jheri dam after
50 years.

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

for Jheri Dam after 100 years
Capacity (MCM)
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
250 250

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 240 240

230 230

220 220
Elevation (m)

Elevation (m)
210 210

200 200

190 190

180 180
0 2 4 6 8
Area (Sq Km)
Area
Volume

Figure 7.2: Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve for Jheri Dam after

100 years.

Original and revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation-Area-

Capacity details for Jheri reservoir are given in Table-7.7 below:

Table-7.7
Original and Revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation – Area -
Capacity Table for Jheri Reservoir
Elevatio Origina Original Revise Revised Revised Revised
n l Capacit d Area Capacit Area Capacity
Area y After y After After After
50 50 Years 100 100
Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
246.00 836.42 206.03 836.42 187.87 836.42 170.43
245.00 818.20 197.75 818.17 179.60 818.14 162.15
242.00 758.51 174.11 757.85 155.96 757.10 138.53
239.00 686.39 152.44 684.12 134.34 681.51 116.95
236.00 590.39 133.31 585.49 115.31 579.87 98.04
233.00 553.52 116.15 545.07 98.35 535.38 81.31
230.00 487.80 98.76 475.01 81.27 460.33 64.60
227.00 451.01 81.36 433.26 64.33 412.90 48.18
224.00 414.09 68.39 390.97 51.97 364.45 36.52
221.00 375.66 56.55 346.99 40.91 314.09 26.34
218.00 320.41 46.12 286.23 31.42 247.03 17.94

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Elevatio Origina Original Revise Revised Revised Revised
n l Capacit d Area Capacit Area Capacity
Area y After y After After After
50 50 Years 100 100
Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
215.00 240.50 37.73 201.13 24.13 155.96 11.92
212.00 215.10 30.90 171.09 18.55 120.61 7.77
210.00 208.20 26.67 161.55 15.23 108.03 5.48
208.00 190.33 22.69 141.48 12.20 85.43 3.55
206.00 170.64 19.08 120.11 9.58 62.14 2.08
204.00 152.65 15.85 101.04 7.37 41.83 1.04
202.00 136.26 12.96 84.24 5.52 24.56 0.38
200.00 120.00 10.40 68.32 4.00 9.02 0.04
199.00 113.04 9.23 61.82 3.35 0.00 0.00
198.00 105.56 8.14 55.02 2.77 0.00 0.00
197.00 98.31 7.12 48.67 2.25 0.00 0.00
196.00 91.34 6.17 42.82 1.79 0.00 0.00
195.50 87.97 5.73 40.10 1.58 0.00 0.00
195.00 84.60 5.30 37.43 1.39 0.00 0.00
194.00 76.46 4.49 30.88 1.05 0.00 0.00
193.00 68.72 3.76 24.98 0.77 0.00 0.00
192.00 61.40 3.11 19.73 0.55 0.00 0.00
191.00 54.49 2.54 15.15 0.37 0.00 0.00
190.00 50.00 2.01 13.24 0.23 0.00 0.00
189.00 41.49 1.56 7.56 0.13 0.00 0.00
188.00 35.45 1.17 4.60 0.07 0.00 0.00
187.00 30.90 0.84 3.37 0.03 0.00 0.00
186.00 24.81 0.56 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00
185.12 20.75 0.36 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00
185.00 20.20 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
184.00 12.92 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
183.00 7.27 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
182.00 3.23 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
181.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
180.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7.1.3 Life of Reservoir in Years with Basis

All the outlets from the reservoir are fixed at an elevation above
the New Zero Elevation estimated after considering 100 years of
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sedimentation. Therefore, the life of the Jheri reservoir has been considered
as 100 years.

7.1.4 Capacity
7.1.4.1 Capacities of Jheri Reservoir

S Capacity (MCM)
No Initial After 50 After 100
. Years Years
1 Gross storage capacity 206.03 187.87 170.43
2 Live storage capacity 190.18 180.50 169.39
3 Storage capacity at MDDL 15.85 7.37 1.04
4 Dead storage capacity (at 9.23 3.35 0.00
DSL)

7.1.4.2 Storage

Simulation analysis considering the inflow and various water

demands to be met from Jheri reservoir has been carried out. Based on the
simulation analysis the live storage has been provided so that the demand of
water for various requirements could be met. The dead storage has been
provided so that the functioning of the project would not be affected even
after accumulation of silt over a period of 100 years. Various storage details
of the proposed Jheri reservoir have been mentioned in the Para 7.1.4.1
above.

The initial storage of each reservoir planned under the Link Project is
assumed as 10% of live storage plus storage at MDDL for simulation
analysis. No storage capacity is reserved for downstream use under any of
the proposed reservoirs. The monthly minimum storages reserved in Jheri
reservoir for meeting the water demands towards evaporation losses,
environmental (10% of 75% dependable lean season flow) and domestic
needs to achieve intended success rates are given in Table-7.8 below:

Table-7.8
Monthly Minimum Storages Reserved in Jheri Reservoir for Meeting
Evaporation Losses, Environmental and Domestic Needs

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 Unit: MCM
Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March Apr May
2 2 2 2 2 12 10 10 7 6 4 2

The monthly inflow series and monthly diversion requirements

considered for simulation analysis of Jheri reservoir for fixing its live
storage are furnished in Appendix 5.5 in Volume – IV.

7.1.4.3 Water Tightness of the Reservoir

Preliminary Geotechnical Investigations were carried out at the dam

site by GSI, Western Region, Jaipur at Feasibility Report stage of Par-Tapi-
Narmada Link Project during 1993-94. As per these investigations the
foundation rocks at the dam site are massive and amygdular basalts which
are jointed and sheared, particularly at the flow contacts. Hence, special
attention shall be needed to delineate the flow contacts and their structural
conditions, necessitating selective treatment to improve their strength and
imperviousness.

The Jheri reservoir area is thickly forested and restricted to the valley
with steep hills on both sides. Amygdular basalts which are jointed and
sheared are encountered in the area. No major fault or shear zone was noted
in the area. The reservoir appears to be water tight. The reports of GSI are at
Appendix – 4.2 and 4.4 in Volume – III. Also the periphery of the proposed
Jheri reservoir is covered with the contours of value higher than the MWL.

7.1.4.4 Annual Losses

The simulation study carried out for Jheri reservoir for the period
from 1975 to 2006 indicates that the annual average evaporation loss from
Jheri reservoir is 10.3 MCM with highest evaporation loss as 11.3 MCM
during the years 1994 and 2005 and the lowest evaporation loss as 7.9
MCM during the year 1987. Maximum Monthly evaporation loss is in May
month and least Monthly evaporation loss is in July.

7.1.4.5 Flood Absorption

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 No flood storage is earmarked for this project. However, from
reservoir routing it is seen that the maximum water level attained was
247.00 m and the maximum outflow discharge was 6586 Cumec.

7.1.5 Effects on Sub Soil Water Table in the Adjoining Areas

Particularly Downstream of the Dam

The sub-soil water table will improve due to the impoundment of

water in the Jheri reservoir. In addition, the regulated flows from the Jheri
dam into Par River to meet environmental needs will increase the sub soil
water level in the adjoining areas even during lean season.

7.1.6 Reservoir Rim Stability

The entire Reservoir area lies in the Deccan volcanoes. The rock type
encountered is moderately to highly amygdular basalt, which is generally
non-porphyritic in nature with occasional thin bands of massive basalt
occurring in it. Occasional dykes of dolerite composition have been
observed.

The reservoir area appears to be water tight with no perceptible shear

or fault zone criss-crossing the area.

7.1.7 Area of Submergence

7.1.7.1 At Maximum Water Level

Area of submergence of Jheri reservoir at MWL is 905 ha.

7.1.7.2 At Full Reservoir Level

Area of submergence of Jheri reservoir at FRL is 836 ha.

7.1.7.3 Submergence Ratio - Submerged (Cultivated) Area/CCA

The Jheri reservoir is a part of net-work of 6 reservoirs proposed

under Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project for diversion of surplus waters of Par,
Auranga, Ambica and Purna rivers for en-route irrigation and to take-over
part command of Narmada Main Canal. The irrigation water requirement of
448
the Link Project will be met in an integrated manner i.e. first attempt will be
to meet the irrigation needs from the nearest reservoir (Kelwan) and if there
is any shortage of water at the reservoir, the water will be drawn from the
successive reservoirs up to the Jheri reservoir. It implies that the storages
available at all the six reservoirs will be utilized for meeting the irrigation
demand of the Link Project. As such, the submergence ratio should be
worked considering the total submergence area (cultivated) under six
reservoirs and the total CCA of the Link Project. The total submergence area
(cultivated) under the six reservoirs is 2364 ha and the total CCA of the
Link project is 232175 ha. Therefore, the Submergence Ratio works out to
0.0102.

7.1.8 Land Acquisition-Property Submerged-Rehabilitation

7.1.8.1 Land Acquisition

The land to be acquired is about 836 ha (forest land: 408 ha,

cultivable land: 256 ha and other lands including river portion: 172 ha) that
is coming under submergence of Jheri reservoir.

7.1.8.2 Details of Property Submerged

Due to creation of Jheri reservoir 6 villages will be partially affected. All

these villages come under Peint and Surgana talukas of Nasik district of
Maharashtra. Total 98 households of these villages are likely to be affected.

(i) Details of Dislocation of Communication (Railways), Road(s), Right

of Way, Telegraph Lines etc.) as a Result of the Project

No railway line is coming under the submergence area of Jheri reservoir.

Major road connecting Peint to Surgana is passing through the Submergence
area of Jheri dam and approximately 1 km length is under the submergence.
No telegraph/ telephone line needs to be dislocated as a result of the project.

(ii) Details of Valuable Mineral Deposits / Mines

The Engineering Geology Division of GSI, Jaipur vide Letter No.

171/G-1/EG/WR/GSI08-09 dated 9th April, 2009 (Annexure – 4.3 in

449
Volume -II) informed that no significant minerals have been reported from
the Jheri reservoir area, except construction material and a few minor
minerals like zeolites.

(iii) Historic/Archaeological Monuments

As already mentioned under “Chapter – 4: Surveys and

Investigations-Para 4.2.1 Archaeological Survey”, no antiquarian
archaeological remains have been noticed and none of the centrally
protected monuments are located in the area likely to be submerged due to
construction of Jheri dam.

7.1.8.3 Rehabilitation of Project Affected People

The objective of development is poverty alleviation, social justice and

a better quality of life for people. Some development situations however
entail displacement of populations and adverse impacts including disruption
of social and kinship networks and livelihoods and other economic or
cultural loss.

Lack of development, however, can also impact on the environment

and lead to distress migration. Involuntary displacement by dams or other
water resource projects must therefore be sought to be converted into a
development opportunity that leaves those affected better off through
enlightened processes of resettlement and rehabilitation. The Social and
Occupational profile of the people of the project area is described in the
Chapter -12 “Socio- economic Studies and RandR Plan”.

Due to creation of Jheri reservoir 98 households/families are likely to

be affected. These Project Affected People (PAPs) are to be compensated for
their loss of land, home etc, for which an RandR package has been evolved.
The process of RandR has three distinct components: relocation of PAPs to
a new location where necessary; resettlement in that location and the
restoration of livelihood; and rehabilitation so that every individual could
regain and/or improve his/her life and socio-economic status within a
reasonable time after displacement.

450
 The RandR package for PAPs has been devised considering the
provisions of “National Policy on Rehabilitation and Resettlement -2007”
formulated by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, as
basic minimum criteria. Due weightage has also been given to various
provisions of the Resettlement and Rehabilitation (RandR) Plan adopted for
Sardar Sarovar Project by the States of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra.

Resettlement and Rehabilitation (RandR) Plan adopted for Sardar

Sarovar Project by the States of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
has been reviewed and compared with NPRR, 2007 and the best norms of
each policy have been adopted. People’s perception on the resettlement
aspects and facilities they expect in the area where they are supposed to be
resettled after displacement and preferences of affected population
regarding compensation package, whether it should be in cash or kind have
also been considered while formulating the Resettlement and Rehabilitation
package for the people likely to be affected due to the submergence of Jheri,
Paikhed, Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan reservoirs. The details
of R and R package are described in the Chapter – 12 (Socio- economic
studies and RandR plan).

7.1.9 Recreation Facilities

Following are the recreational facilities which are proposed to be

developed.
 Development of parks/gardens in d/s of dam.
 Development of Children parks in the township.
 Development of Tourist spot with boating facilities
 Development of Guest house, inspection bungalow and
dormitory accommodation.

These facilities will ensure tourism development in the area.

7.1.10 Pisciculture

The submergence area of Jheri reservoir is 836 ha and there is lot of

scope for developing fisheries. Based on literature review, the present

451
average fish production rate in Indian reservoirs is given in Table – 7. 9
below:
Table – 7.9
Average Fish Production Rates in Reservoirs
Reservoir Type Yield (kg/ ha)
Small 49.90
Medium 12.30
Large 11.43

Fish Seed Committee of the Government of India (1966) termed all

water bodies of more than 200 ha in area as reservoirs. David et al. (1974)
while classifying the water bodies of Karnataka State, considered
impoundments above 500 ha as reservoirs and named the smaller ones as
irrigation tanks.

Reservoirs are classified generally as small (<1000 ha), medium

(1000 to 5000 ha) and large (> 5000 ha), especially in the records of the
Government of India (Sarma, 1990, Srivastava et al., 1985), which has been
followed in the present study.

Considering the water spread area of Jheri reservoir and the fish
production rate indicated above, expected fish production in Jheri reservoir
will be about 42 tonnes per year which will increase the revenue from the
project.

7.1.11 Need and Recommendation for Soil Conservation Measures

in the Catchment

The chances of soil erosion, if any can be prevented/minimized by

adopting following measures:

 Step drain
 Angle iron barbed wire fencing
 Stone masonry
 Check dams
 Contour bunding
 Development of nurseries

452
  Plantation/ afforestation
 Pasture development
 Social forestry

Appropriate financial provisions have been provided for soil

conservation measures in the catchment area.

7.2. Paikhed Reservoir

7.2.1. Fixation of Storage and Reservoir Levels - Approach–Criteria

The water availability studies at Jheri, Paikhed, Chasmandva,

Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan dam sites have been carried out by the
Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi as a part of
“Hydrological Studies of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project”. The Gross and
Net Annual Yields at Paikhed dam site as per these studies are as given in
Table: 7.10 below.

Table: 7.10
Gross and Net Annual Yields at Paikhed Dam Site
S.No Details Annual Yield (MCM)
. Gross Net
1 100% Dependable yield 152 144
2 75% Dependable yield 264 250
3 50% Dependable yield 335 321
4 Average yield 380 367

The net water availability at Paikhed dam site has been worked out
after subtracting all the consumptive upstream utilizations planned by
States. Regeneration from major and medium irrigation projects has been
taken as 10 percent while the same has been ignored in case of minor
irrigation projects. The regeneration from domestic and industrial uses has
been considered as 80 percent of water diverted for the purpose. The net
yield series generated at Paikhed dam site for the period from 1975-76 to
2006-07 is at Annexure: 5.14 in Volume – II.

The reservoir simulation study has been carried out for estimating the
live storage capacity of the reservoir that would provide the required yield at
specified reliability. The discharge data is available for a period of 39 years
453
from 1966 to 2004 at Nanivahiyal G and D site maintained by Government
of Gujarat on Par River, which is located d/s of Paikhed dam site. Rainfall –
Runoff model has been developed using discharge data available at
Nanivahiyal G and D site and rainfall for the concurrent period. The flow
data of inconsistent years have been discarded while developing Rainfall-
Runoff model. Using this Rainfall – Runoff model the gross yield series for
the period from 1975-76 to 2006-07 at Paikhed dam site has been
developed. The net yield series at the dam site has been generated by
subtracting the net upstream consumptive use from the gross yield series
and used for simulation analysis.

The simulation analysis has been done using Simulation Program

developed using c++. This programme also takes into account the different
releases from Paikhed reservoir: i) for local domestic and industrial water
demand, ii) environmental and ecological requirements downstream of
proposed dam site and iii) downstream releases for further transfer to Par-
Tapi-Narmada Link Canal. The result of this analysis is at Appendix 5.5 in
Volume - IV which gives detailed output for the gross capacity of 229.53
MCM.

7.2.1.1 Dead Storage Level (DSL)

The dead storage capacity of the Paikhed reservoir has been fixed on
the basis of the guidelines given in “Fixing the capacities of reservoirs –
Methods, Part 2 Dead storage, IS 5477 (Part 2): 1994”.

The new zero elevation of the Paikhed reservoir has been worked out
as 164.34 m and 171.88 m after 50 years and 100 years respectively on the
basis of sedimentation studies. The corresponding capacities at these levels
as per the original Area - Capacity table come to 1.59 ha m and 89.36 ha m
respectively. However, Dead Storage Level of the reservoir has been
proposed as 172.00 m (corresponding original capacity of 92 ha m) and
sluices are proposed to be provided above this level. The details of
sedimentation studies are furnished in Appendix 5.2 in Volume – IV.

7.2.1.2 Low Water Level /Minimum Draw-Down Level (MDDL)

454
 The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) of Paikhed reservoir can
be fixed anywhere above 171.88 m which is the new zero elevation after
100 years of operation of the reservoir, based on sedimentation studies
carried out by Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi.
Keeping in view the live storage requirement for meeting the Link Canal
demands and power generation, the MDDL of Paikhed reservoir is kept at
190.00 m.

7.2.1.3 Full Reservoir Level (FRL)

Integrated simulation studies carried out for Jheri, Paikhed,

Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan reservoirs indicate that the
proposed Paikhed reservoir with Full Reservoir Level at 248.00 m will meet
various planned demands at 100% success rate. Therefore, the Full
Reservoir Level of Paikhed dam has been kept at 248.00 m.

7.2.1.4 Maximum Water Level (MWL)

Maximum water level of Paikhed reservoir has been kept as

249.00 m and the gates of spillway have been designed to pass design flood
of 5307 Cumecs.

The Maximum Water Level at Paikhed dam has been fixed as 249.00
m. Various levels fixed at Paikhed Reservoir are given in Table - 7.11.

Table -7.11
Levels Fixed as per Simulation Study
Paikhed Reservoir Elevation(m)
MWL 249.00
FRL 248.00
MDDL 190.00

7.2.1.5 Maximum Backwater Level at Full Reservoir Level and

Maximum Water Level and its Effect, Points to Which
Backwater Effect is Felt, Maximum Distance of Such Points
from the Axis of the Structure

455
 The Full Reservoir Level (FRL) and Maximum Water Level (MWL)
of the Paikhed dam have been fixed at 248.00 m and 249.00 m respectively.
The maximum back water level at MWL is 249.00 m and the effect extends
up to a distance of about 17.40 km from the axis of the dam (at the
periphery of the reservoir) within which no structure of significant
importance has been identified.

7.2.1.6 Saddles along the Reservoir Rim

The entire rim of proposed Paikhed reservoir is covered with the

contours of value higher than the MWL as such no saddle is proposed along
the rim of Paikhed reservoir.

7.2.1.7 Fetch

The fetch of the reservoir was determined to fix the free board and the
top of the dam. The fetch computations were done as per the Indian
Standards IS: 10635(Latest), “Guidelines for Free board requirements in
Embankment Dams”.

7.2.1.8 Direction of Wind - Velocity of Wind - Wave Height - Free

Board-Top of Dam

The direction of wind in Paikhed reservoir area is mostly from east to

west. The Nasik IMD station is located near to the Paikhed dam site. The
maximum wind velocity of 13.2 km/hr is experienced in the month of June
and the minimum wind velocity of 4.5 km/hr is experienced in the month of
December. The average velocity of wind is 8.4 km/hr. However, a normal
wind velocity of 44 m/sec has been considered. The following factors are
taken into consideration while computing the free board requirement:

(a) Wave characteristics i.e. wave height and wave length;

(b) Upstream slope of the dam and roughness of the pitching;
(c) Height of wind setup above the still water level.

456
 The details of free board requirement for all the six dams are
furnished in para 6.1.5 of Chapter – 6: Design Aspects. The top of the rock-
fill portion of the Paikhed dam has been fixed at 255 m.

7.2.2 Sedimentation Data and Studies

Sediment data is not available for Nar River on which Paikhed dam is
proposed. Currently no sediment observations are planned in the catchment
area of Paikhed dam. However, the Government of Gujarat had carried out
sedimentation survey of existing Madhuban reservoir on Damanganga
River, which lies in the vicinity of the Link Project. Using this data the
sedimentation rate at Paikhed dam site has been assessed.

7.2.2.1 Rate of Sedimentation with Basis

A sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 sq.km/year has been adopted for

analysis of Paikhed reservoir. The basis for adopting the value has already
been explained under Para 7.1.2.1 above.

7.2.2.2 Quantity of Sediment

Considering the inflow sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 km2/year

the sediment volume at Paikhed reservoir will be as under.

i) 50 years sediment volume 13.571 MCM

ii) 100 years sediment volume 27.115 MCM

7.2.2.3 Type and Shape of Reservoir

The Paikhed reservoir is considered as Flood plain-foot hill type and

the standard classification is taken as Type II.

7.2.2.4 Sediment Studies – Paikhed Reservoir

457
 The sedimentation study has been carried out using “Empirical Area
Reduction” method.

7.2.2.5 Sediment Distribution

The sediment distribution is worked out for two periods, viz. 50 years
and 100 years by Empirical Area Reduction method. For this purpose, the
FRL 248.00 m is adopted and bed level of the reservoir is considered as
163.14 m. The original Elevation-Area-Capacity table for Paikhed reservoir
is given in Table-7.12:
Table-7.12
Original Elevation-Area-Capacity Table for Paikhed Reservoir

Elevation Area Capacity

(m) (ha) (MCM)
248.00 993.57 229.53
245.00 890.19 201.28
242.00 781.20 176.23
239.00 684.19 154.27
236.00 602.75 134.97
233.00 528.40 118.02
230.00 459.89 104.06
227.00 414.53 90.10
224.00 368.02 78.36
221.00 317.73 68.09
218.00 281.97 59.10
215.00 253.51 51.07
212.00 227.80 43.85
209.00 203.43 37.39
206.00 180.36 31.63
203.00 156.08 26.59
200.00 132.30 22.27

458
Elevation Area Capacity
(m) (ha) (MCM)
198.00 122.90 19.72
196.00 115.06 17.34
194.00 105.63 15.13
192.00 97.75 13.10
190.00 90.17 11.22
188.00 83.04 9.49
186.00 76.19 7.90
184.00 68.74 6.45
182.00 60.81 5.16
180.00 53.38 4.01
179.00 49.74 3.50
178.00 46.24 3.02
177.00 42.86 2.57
176.00 39.61 2.16
175.00 36.49 1.78
174.00 31.15 1.44
173.00 26.22 1.16
172.00 21.72 0.92
171.50 19.69 0.81
171.00 17.65 0.72
170.50 15.82 0.64
170.00 13.99 0.56
169.00 12.40 0.43
168.00 10.91 0.31
167.00 9.51 0.21
166.00 8.21 0.12
165.00 7.00 0.05

459
 Elevation Area Capacity
(m) (ha) (MCM)
164.51 4.43 0.02
164.50 4.38 0.02
164.00 1.75 0.01
163.14 0.00 0.00
The total sediment during 50 and 100 years will get distributed up to
and above various elevations as given in the Table-7.13 below:

Table-7.13
Distribution of Total Sediment at Various Elevations of Paikhed Dam
Reservoir Level Sediment Deposition in MCM
After 50 Years After 100 Years
Up to 164.34 m 0.02 0.02
Above 164.34 m 13.64 27.08
Up to 172.00 m 0.60 0.92
Above 172.00 m 13.06 26.18
Up to 192.00 m 3.64 7.00
Above 192.00 m 10.02 20.10
The new zero elevation will be as follows:
After 50 years = 164.34 m
After 100 years = 171.88 m
The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) can be fixed anywhere
above 171.88 m which is the new zero elevation after 100 years of operation
of the reservoir. The plots of revised elevation-area-capacity curve for 50-
Year sedimentation and 100 year sedimentation are given in Figure – 7.3
and 7.4 respectively.

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

for Paikhed Dam after 50 years
Capacity (MCM)
200 150 100 50 0

243 243

233 233

223 223
(m)

(m)

213 213

460
 Elevation

Elevation
203 203

193 193

183 183

173 173

163 163
0 200 400 600 800
Area
Area (Ha) Volume
Figure 7.3: Plot of revised elevation area capacity curve for Paikhed
dam after 50 years

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

for Paikhed Dam after 100 years
Capacity (MCM)
200 150 100 50 0

243 243

233 233

223 223
Elevation (m)

Elevation (m)
213 213

203 203

193 193

183 183

173 173

163 163
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Area
Area (Ha) Volume
Figure 7.4: Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve for Paikhed Dam
after 100 years

Original and revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation-Area-

Capacity details for Paikhed reservoir are given in Table-7.14 below:

Table-7.14
Original and Revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation – Area -
Capacity Table for Paikhed Reservoir

461
Elevation Original Original Revised Revised Revised Revised
Area Capacity Area Capacity Area Capacity
After 50 After 50 After 100 After 100
Years Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
248.00 993.57 229.53 993.57 215.87 993.57 202.43
245.00 890.19 201.28 880.13 187.73 870.02 174.39
242.00 781.20 176.23 768.11 163.02 754.97 150.03
239.00 684.19 154.27 669.07 141.48 653.89 128.92
236.00 602.75 134.97 586.13 122.66 569.43 110.58
233.00 528.40 118.02 510.61 106.22 492.75 94.66
230.00 459.89 104.06 441.20 91.96 422.42 80.94
227.00 414.53 90.10 395.13 79.42 375.65 68.98
224.00 368.02 78.36 348.08 68.28 328.06 58.43
221.00 317.73 68.09 297.40 58.61 276.99 49.36
218.00 281.97 59.10 261.38 50.23 240.70 41.60
215.00 253.51 51.07 232.77 42.82 211.95 34.82
212.00 227.80 43.85 207.03 36.23 186.17 28.85
209.00 203.43 37.39 182.73 30.38 161.94 23.63
206.00 180.36 31.63 159.83 25.25 139.21 19.12
203.00 156.08 26.59 135.81 20.82 115.46 15.30
200.00 132.30 22.27 112.40 17.10 92.41 12.19
198.00 122.90 19.72 103.29 14.94 83.61 10.43
196.00 115.06 17.34 95.80 12.95 76.45 8.83
194.00 105.63 15.13 86.75 11.13 67.80 7.38
192.00 97.75 13.10 79.31 9.47 60.79 6.10
190.00 90.17 11.22 72.21 7.95 54.18 4.95
188.00 83.04 9.49 65.62 6.58 48.12 3.93
186.00 76.19 7.90 59.35 5.33 42.45 3.02
184.00 68.74 6.45 52.55 4.21 36.29 2.24
182.00 60.81 5.16 45.33 3.23 29.79 1.58
180.00 53.38 4.01 38.68 2.39 23.92 1.04
179.00 49.74 3.50 35.46 2.02 21.12 0.81
178.00 46.24 3.02 32.40 1.68 18.50 0.62
177.00 42.86 2.57 29.48 1.37 16.04 0.44
176.00 39.61 2.16 26.71 1.09 13.76 0.29
175.00 36.49 1.78 24.11 0.84 11.67 0.17
174.00 31.15 1.44 19.31 0.62 7.41 0.07
173.00 26.22 1.16 14.95 0.45 3.63 0.02
172.00 21.72 0.92 11.06 0.32 0.00 0.00
171.50 19.69 0.81 9.34 0.27 0.00 0.00
171.00 17.65 0.72 7.64 0.23 0.00 0.00
462
Elevation Original Original Revised Revised Revised Revised
Area Capacity Area Capacity Area Capacity
After 50 After 50 After 100 After 100
Years Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
170.50 15.82 0.64 6.15 0.19 0.00 0.00
170.00 13.99 0.56 4.68 0.16 0.00 0.00
169.00 12.40 0.43 3.84 0.12 0.00 0.00
168.00 10.91 0.31 3.18 0.09 0.00 0.00
167.00 9.51 0.21 2.69 0.06 0.00 0.00
166.00 8.21 0.12 2.44 0.03 0.00 0.00
165.00 7.00 0.05 2.46 0.01 0.00 0.00
164.51 4.43 0.02 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00
164.50 4.38 0.02 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.00
164.00 1.75 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
163.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7.2.3 Life of Reservoir in Years with Basis

All the outlets from the reservoir are fixed at an elevation above
the New Zero Elevation estimated after considering 100 years of
sedimentation. Therefore, the life of the Paikhed reservoir has been
considered as 100 years.

7.2.4 Capacity
7.2.4.1 Capacities of Paikhed Reservoir
S Capacity (MCM)
No Initial After 50 After 100
. Years Years
1 Gross storage capacity 229.53 215.87 202.43
2 Live storage capacity 218.30 207.92 197.48
3 Storage capacity at MDDL 11.23 7.95 4.95
4 Dead storage capacity (at 0.92 0.32 0.00
DSL)

7.2.4.2 Storage

463
 Simulation analysis considering the inflow and various water
demands to be met from Paikhed reservoir has been carried out. Based on
the simulation analysis the live storage has been provided so that the
demand of water for various requirements could be met. The dead storage
has been provided so that the functioning of the project would not be
affected even after accumulation of silt over a period of 100 years. Various
storage details of the proposed Paikhed reservoir have been mentioned in
the Para 7.2.4.1 above.

The monthly minimum storages reserved in Paikhed reservoir for

meeting the water demands towards evaporation losses, environmental and
domestic needs to achieve intended success rates are given in Table-7.15
below:
Table-7.15
Monthly Minimum Storages Reserved in Paikhed Reservoir for
Meeting Evaporation Losses, Environmental and Domestic Needs

Unit:
MCM
J J A S ON DJ F M A M
ue o a p a
gp v r r y
t c i
h l
2 22 3 1 1 8 8 6 6 4 3
0

The monthly inflow series and monthly diversion requirements considered

for simulation analysis of Paikhed reservoir for fixing its live storage are
furnished in Appendix 5.5 in Volume – IV.

7.2.4.3 Water Tightness of the Reservoir

DPR stage Geotechnical investigations were carried out at Paikhed

dam site by Engineering Geology Division, Western Region, GSI, Jaipur
during the field season 2009-10. A total of 12 number of exploratory bore
holes have been drilled in the different sections of the proposed dam site at
Paikhed. The bore hole core logging aggregating a total length of 622.95 m

464
has been carried out. Basalts of the Deccan trap forms the foundation rock at
the project area. The rocks have horizontal to sub horizontal dips. The
water percolation test results of these bore holes indicate that the strata in
general have low permeability but higher values of equivalent permeability
up to 15 lugeons has been worked out in one section of bore hole number 9.
In the left abutment and NOF from R.D. 0 to R.D.180, no bore hole has
been drilled. Additional bore holes should be drilled in this section to know
the suitable foundation grade. Since the rocks in the area have a horizontal
to sub horizontal disposition, there may be the need of consolidation
grouting / anchoring, which may be decided after the excavation has been
done.

The reservoir appears to be water tight. The report of GSI is at

Appendix – 4.5 in Volume – III.

7.2.4.4 Annual Losses

The simulation study carried out for Paikhed reservoir for the period
from 1975 to 2006 indicates that the annual average evaporation loss from
Paikhed reservoir is 6.8 MCM with highest evaporation loss as 8.5 MCM
during the year 1976 and the lowest evaporation loss as 4.2 MCM during
the year 1995. Maximum Monthly evaporation loss is in December month
and least Monthly evaporation loss is in June.

7.2.4.5 Flood Absorption

No flood storage is earmarked for this project. However, from

reservoir routing it is seen that the maximum water level attained was
249.00 m and the maximum outflow discharge was 5226 Cumec.

7.2.5 Effects on Sub Soil Water Table in the Adjoining Areas

Particularly Downstream of the Dam

The sub-soil water table will improve due to the impoundment of

water in the Paikhed reservoir. In addition, the regulated flows from the
Paikhed dam into Nar River to meet environmental needs will increase the
sub soil water level in the adjoining areas even during lean season.

465
7.2.6 Reservoir Rim Stability

The detailed geological mapping to analyze the problems of reservoir

stability and reservoir competency with respect to seepage/leakage of the
proposed Paikhed reservoir could not be carried out due to public hindrance
either during FR stage or DPR stage. However, in order to evaluate the sub-
surface rock/over burden conditions of the Paikhed dam site has been
explored by 12 numbers of NX size bore holes. The bore hole cores have
been logged and their data was analysed to find out foundation grade levels
and water tightness of bed rock as well as to ascertain the soil structure and
its permeability characteristics. However, no reservoir rim stability
problems are anticipated in view of the type of rock formation
present at the periphery of the submergence area.

7.2.7 Area of Submergence

7.2.7.1 At Maximum Water Level

Area of submergence of Paikhed reservoir at MWL is 1089 ha.

7.2.7.2 At Full Reservoir Level

Area of submergence of Paikhed reservoir at FRL is 994 ha.

7.2.7.3 Submergence Ratio - Submerged (Cultivated) Area/CCA

The Paikhed reservoir is a part of net-work of 6 reservoirs proposed

under Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project for diversion of surplus waters of Par,
Auranga, Ambica and Purna rivers for en-route irrigation and to take-over
part command of Narmada Main Canal. The total submergence area
(cultivated) under the six reservoirs is 2364 ha and the total CCA of the
Link project is 232175 ha. Therefore, the Submergence Ratio works out to
0.0102.

7.2.8 Land Acquisition-Property Submerged-Rehabilitation

7.2.8.1 Land Acquisition

466
 The land to be acquired is about 994 ha (forest land: 317 ha,
cultivable land: 589 ha and other lands including river portion: 88 ha) that is
coming under submergence of Paikhed reservoir.

7.2.8.2 Details of Property Submerged

Due to creation of Paikhed reservoir 11 villages will be affected. These

villages come under Dharampur taluka of Valsad district of Gujarat and
Surgana taluka of Nasik district of Maharashtra. Total 331 households of
these villages are likely to be affected.

(ii)Details of Dislocation of Communication (Railways), Road(s), Right

of Way, Telegraph Lines etc.) as a result of the Project

No railway line is coming under the submergence area of Paikhed

reservoir. Major road connecting Sidumber-Tutarkhed is passing through the
Submergence area of Paikhed dam. No telegraph/ telephone line needs to be
dislocated as a result of the project.

(iii) Details of Valuable Mineral Deposits / Mines

The Engineering Geology Division of GSI, Jaipur vide Letter No. 171/G-
1/EG/WR/GSI08-09 dated 9th April, 2009 (Annexure – 4.3-- in Volume -II)
informed that no significant minerals have been reported from the Paikhed
reservoir area, except construction material and a few minor minerals like
zeolites.

(iii) Historic/Archaeological Monuments

As already mentioned under “Chapter – 4: Surveys and

Investigations-Para 4.2.1 Archaeological Survey”, no antiquarian
archaeological remains have been noticed and none of the centrally
protected monuments are located in the area likely to be submerged due to
construction of Paikhed dam.

467
7.2.8.3 Rehabilitation of Project Affected People

The rehabilitation plan has already been detailed under Para 7.1.8.3 above.

7.2.9 Recreation Facilities

Following are the recreational facilities which are proposed to be

developed.

 Development of parks/gardens in d/s of dam.

 Development of Children parks in the township.
 Development of Tourist spot with boating facilities
 Development of Guest house, inspection bungalow and
dormitory accommodation.

These facilities will ensure tourism development in the area.

7.2.10 Pisciculture

The submergence area of Paikhed reservoir is 994 ha and there is

lot of scope for developing fisheries.

Considering the water spread area of Paikhed reservoir and the fish
production rate indicated above, expected fish production in Paikhed
reservoir will be about 50 tonnes per year which will increase the revenue
from the project.

7.2.11 Need and Recommendation for Soil Conservation Measure

in the Catchment

The chances of soil erosion, if any can be prevented/minimized by

adopting following measures:

 Step drain
 Angle iron barbed wire fencing

468
  Stone masonry
 Check dams
 Contour bunding
 Development of nurseries
 Plantation/ afforestation
 Pasture development
 Social forestry

Appropriate financial provisions have been provided for soil

conservation measures in the catchment area.

7.3. Chasmandva Reservoir

7.3.1. Fixation of Storage and Reservoir Levels - Approach–Criteria

The water availability studies at Jheri, Paikhed, Chasmandva,

Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan dam sites have been carried out by the
Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi as a part of
“Hydrological Studies of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project”. The Gross and
Net Annual Yields at Chasmandva dam site as per these studies are as given
in Table: 7.16 below:
Table: 7.16
Gross and Net Annual Yields at Chasmandva Dam Site
S.No Details Annual Yield (MCM)
. Gross Net
1 100% Dependable yield 41 37
2 75% Dependable yield 70 64
3 50% Dependable yield 91 85
4 Average yield 102 96

The net water availability at Chasmandva dam site has been worked
out after subtracting all the consumptive upstream utilizations planned by
States. Regeneration from major and medium irrigation projects has been
taken as 10 percent while the same has been ignored in case of minor
irrigation projects. The regeneration from domestic and industrial uses has
been considered as 80 percent of water diverted for the purpose. The net
yield series generated at Chasmandva dam site for the period from 1975-76
to 2006-07 is at Annexure: 5.15 in Volume - II.

469
 The reservoir simulation study has been carried out for estimating the
live storage capacity of the reservoir that would provide the required yield at
specified reliability. The discharge data is available for a period of 43 years
from 1962 to 2004 at Amba G and D site maintained by Government of
Gujarat on Tan River, which is located d/s of Chasmandva dam site. Rainfall
– Runoff model has been developed using discharge data available at Amba
G and D site and rainfall for the concurrent period. The flow data of
inconsistent years have been discarded while developing Rainfall-Runoff
model. Using this Rainfall – Runoff model the gross yield series for the
period from 1975-76 to 2006-07 at Chasmandva dam site has been
developed. The net yield series at the dam site has been generated by
subtracting the net upstream consumptive use from the gross yield series
and used for simulation analysis.

The simulation analysis has been done using Simulation Program

developed using c++. This programme also takes into account the different
releases from Chasmandva reservoir: i) for local domestic and industrial
water demand, ii) environmental and ecological requirements downstream
of proposed dam site, and iii) downstream releases for further transfer to
Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Canal. The result of this analysis is at Appendix 5.5
in Volume - IV which gives detailed output for the gross capacity of 83.63
MCM.

7.3.1.1 Dead Storage Level (DSL)

The dead storage capacity of the Chasmandva reservoir has been

fixed on the basis of the guidelines given in “Fixing the capacities of
reservoirs – Methods, Part 2 Dead storage, IS 5477 (Part 2): 1994”.

The new zero elevation of the Chasmandva reservoir has been worked out
as 171.75 m and 176.00 m after 50 years and 100 years respectively on the
basis of sedimentation studies. The corresponding capacities at these levels
as per the original Area - Capacity table come to 2.73 ha m and 36.54 ha m
respectively. However, Dead Storage Level of the reservoir has been
proposed as 176.00 m (corresponding original capacity of 36.54 ha m) and
sluices are proposed to be provided above this level. The details of
sedimentation studies are furnished in Appendix 5.2 in Volume – IV.
470
7.3.1.2 Low Water Level /Minimum Draw-Down Level (MDDL)

The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) of Chasmandva reservoir

can be fixed anywhere above 176 m which is the new zero elevation after
100 years of operation of the reservoir, based on sedimentation studies
carried out by Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi.
Keeping in view the live storage requirement for meeting the Link Canal
demands and power generation, the MDDL of Chasmandva reservoir is kept
at 190.00 m.

7.3.1.3 Full Reservoir Level (FRL)

Integrated simulation studies carried out for Jheri, Paikhed,

Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan reservoirs indicate that the
proposed Chasmandva reservoir with Full Reservoir Level at 214.00 m will
meet various planned demands at 100% success rate. Therefore, the Full
Reservoir Level of Chasmandva dam has been kept at 214.00 m.

7.3.1.4 Maximum Water Level (MWL)

Maximum Water Level of Chasmandva reservoir has been kept as

215.0 m and the gates of spillway have been designed to pass design flood
of 2578 Cumec.

The Maximum Water Level at Chasmandva dam has been fixed as

215.0 m. Various levels fixed at Chasmandva Reservoir are given in Table -
7.17.
Table -7.17
Levels Fixed as per Simulation Study

Chasmandva Reservoir Elevation(m)

MWL 215.00
FRL 214.00
MDDL 190.00

7.3.1.5 Maximum Backwater Level at Full Reservoir Level and

Maximum Water Level and its Effect, Points to Which
471
 Backwater Effect is Felt, Maximum Distance of Such Points
from the Axis of the Structure

The Full Reservoir Level (FRL) and Maximum Water Level (MWL)
of the Chasmandva dam have been fixed at 214.00 m and 215.0 m
respectively. The maximum back water level at MWL is 215.0 m and the
effect extends up to a distance of about 6 km from the axis of the dam (at
the periphery of the reservoir) within which no structure of significant
importance has been identified.

7.3.1.6 Saddle along the Reservoir Rim

The entire rim of proposed Chasmandva reservoir is covered with the

contours of value higher than the MWL as such no saddle is proposed along
the rim of Chasmandva reservoir.

7.3.1.7 Fetch

The fetch of the reservoir was determined to fix the free board and the
top of the dam. The fetch computations were done as per the Indian
Standards IS: 10635(Latest), “Guidelines for Free board requirements in
Embankment Dams”.

7.3.1.8 Direction of Wind - Velocity of Wind - Wave Height - Free

Board-Top of Dam

The direction of wind in Chasmandva reservoir area is mostly from

east to west. The Nasik IMD station is located near to the Chasmandva dam
site. The maximum wind velocity of 13.2 km/hr is experienced in the
month of June and the minimum wind velocity of 4.5 km/hr is experienced
in the month of December. The average velocity of wind is 8.4 km/hr.
However, a normal wind velocity of 44 m/sec has been considered. The
following factors are taken into consideration while computing the free
board requirement:

472
 (a) Wave characteristics i.e. wave height and wave length;
(b) Upstream slope of the dam and roughness of the pitching;
(c) Height of wind setup above the still water level.

The details of free board requirement for all the six dams are
furnished in para 6.1.5 of Chapter – 6: Design Aspects. The top of the rock-
fill portion of the Chasmandva dam has been fixed at 222 m.

7.3.2 Sedimentation Data and Studies

Sediment load observations are being carried out by Government of

Gujarat at Amba GandD site located on Tan River (a tributary of Auranga
River) downstream of Chasmandva dam site. The annual suspended
sediment load observed at the GandD site was 0.3831 mm/year/km2
(Average of sediment flow observed from 1983 to 1992) and the total
sediment load including the bed load would be 0.4406 mm/year/km 2. The
sedimentation rate observed at the GandD site is much lower than the
siltation rate recommended for the region in the “compendium of Silting of
Reservoirs in India” prepared by CWC. This may be due to less
developmental activities in the catchment area of the dam at present.
7.3.2.1 Rate of Sedimentation with Basis

A sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 sq.km/year has been adopted for

analysis of Chasmandva reservoir. The basis for adopting the value has
already been explained under Para 7.1.2.1 above.

7.3.2.2 Quantity of Sediment

Considering the inflow sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 km2/year

the sediment volume at Chasmandva reservoir will be as under:

i) 50 years sediment volume 3.883 MCM

ii) 100 years sediment volume 7.762 MCM

7.3.2.3 Type and Shape of Reservoir

473
 The Chasmandva reservoir is considered as Flood plain-foot hill type
and the standard classification is taken as Type II.
7.3.2.4 Sediment Studies – Chasmandva Reservoir

The sedimentation study has been carried out using “Empirical Area
Reduction” method.

7.3.2.5 Sediment Distribution

The sediment distribution is worked out for two periods, viz. 50 years
and 100 years by Empirical Area Reduction method. For this purpose, the
FRL 214.00 m is adopted and bed level of the reservoir is considered as
170.00 m. The original Elevation-Area-Capacity table for Chasmandva
reservoir is given in Table-7.18.

Table-7.18
Original Elevation-Area-Capacity Table for Chasmandva Reservoir
Elevation Area( ha) Capacity
(m) (MCM)
214.00 615.00 83.63
211.00 534.00 66.41
209.00 480.00 56.27
208.00 454.50 51.60
205.00 375.00 39.18
202.00 285.00 29.31
199.00 212.00 21.88
196.00 173.00 16.12
193.00 138.80 11.45
190.00 107.00 7.77
188.00 90.20 5.80
186.00 66.40 4.24
184.00 58.00 3.00
182.00 44.00 1.98
181.00 37.00 1.58
180.00 30.00 1.24
179.00 26.00 0.96
178.00 22.00 0.72
177.00 18.00 0.52
176.00 14.00 0.36
175.00 10.00 0.25
173.00 6.00 0.09

474
 Elevation Area( ha) Capacity
(m) (MCM)
172.05 4.09 0.04
172.00 4.00 0.04
171.00 2.00 0.01
[[
170.00 0.00 0.00

The total sediment during 50 and 100 years will get distributed up to
and above various elevations as given in the Table-7.19 below.
Table-7.19
Distribution of Total Sediment at
Various Elevations of Chasmandva Dam
Reservoir Level Sediment Deposition in MCM
After 50 Years After 100 Years
Up to 171.75 m 0.027 0.038
Above 171.75 m 3.827 7.784
Up to 176.00 m 0.252 0.367
Above 176.00 m 3.602 7.455
Up to 190.00 m 1.572 3.099
Above 190.00 m 2.282 4.723
The new zero elevation will be as follows:
After 50 years = 171.75 m
After 100 years = 176.00 m
The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) can be fixed anywhere
above 176.00 m which is the new zero elevation after 100 years of operation
of the reservoir. The plots of revised elevation-area-capacity curve for 50-
Year sedimentation and 100 year sedimentation are given in Figure – 7.5
and 7.6 respectively:

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

for Chasmandva Dam after 50 years
Capacity (MCM)
80 60 40 20 0
215 215

210 210

205 205

200 200
Eleva(m)
Eleva(m)

195 195
190 190

475
 185 185

180 180

175 175

170 170
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Area
Area (Ha) Volume

Figure 7.5: Plot of revised elevation area capacity curve for Chasmandva dam after
50 years
Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve
for Chasmandva Dam after 100 years
Capacity (MCM)

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

210 210

205 205

200 200

195 195
Elevation (m)

Elevation (m)
190 190

185 185

180 180

175 175

170 170
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 Area
Area (Ha) Volume
Figure 7.6: Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve for Chasmandva Dam after
100 years

Original and revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation-Area-Capacity

details for Chasmandva reservoir are given in Table-7.20 below:

Table-7.20
Original and Revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation – Area -
Capacity Table for Chasmandva Reservoir

476
Elevation Original Original Revised Revised Revised Revised
Area Capacity Area Capacity Area Capacity
After 50 After 50 After 100 After 100
Years Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
214.00 615.00 83.63 615.00 79.78 615.00 75.81
211.00 534.00 66.41 526.86 62.63 519.22 58.74
209.00 480.00 56.27 471.44 52.65 462.28 48.93
208.00 454.50 51.60 445.41 48.06 435.69 44.44
205.00 375.00 39.18 364.76 35.93 353.81 32.61
202.00 285.00 29.31 274.05 26.38 262.34 23.40
199.00 212.00 21.88 200.66 19.29 188.52 16.67
196.00 173.00 16.12 161.51 13.86 149.23 11.61
193.00 138.00 11.45 127.39 9.54 115.19 7.65
190.00 107.00 7.77 95.87 6.20 83.97 4.68
188.00 90.20 5.80 79.37 4.45 67.79 3.16
186.00 66.40 4.24 55.96 3.10 44.80 2.04
184.00 58.00 3.00 48.05 2.06 37.40 1.22
182.00 44.00 1.98 34.64 1.24 24.63 0.60
181.00 37.00 1.58 27.98 0.93 18.33 0.39
180.00 30.00 1.24 21.35 0.68 12.10 0.24
179.00 26.00 0.96 17.76 0.49 8.94 0.13
178.00 22.00 0.72 14.21 0.33 5.87 0.06
177.00 18.00 0.52 10.70 0.20 2.88 0.01
176.00 14.00 0.36 7.24 0.11 0.00 0.00
175.00 10.00 0.25 3.84 0.06 0.00 0.00
174.00 8.00 0.16 2.52 0.03 0.00 0.00
173.00 6.00 0.09 1.30 0.01 0.00 0.00
172.05 4.09 0.04 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00
172.00 4.00 0.04 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00
171.00 2.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
170.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7.3.3 Life of Reservoir in Years with Basis

All the outlets from the reservoir are fixed at an elevation above
the New Zero Elevation estimated after considering 100 years of
sedimentation. Therefore, the life of the Chasmandva reservoir has been
considered as 100 years.

7.3.4 Capacity

477
7.3.4.1 Capacities of Chasmandva Reservoir

S Capacity (MCM)
No Initial After 50 After 100
. Years Years
1 Gross storage capacity 83.63 79.78 75.81
2 Live storage capacity 75.86 73.58 71.13
3 Storage capacity at MDDL 7.77 6.20 4.68
4 Dead storage capacity (at 0.36 0.11 0.00
DSL)

7.3.4.2 Storage

Simulation analysis considering the inflow and various water

demands to be met from Chasmandva reservoir has been carried out. Based
on the simulation analysis the live storage has been provided so that the
demand of water for various requirements could be met. The dead storage
has been provided so that the functioning of the project would not be
affected even after accumulation of silt over a period of 100 years. Various
storage details of the proposed Chasmandva reservoir have been mentioned
in the Para 7.3.4.1 above.

The monthly minimum storages reserved in Chasmandva reservoir for

meeting the water demands towards evaporation losses, environmental and
domestic needs to achieve intended success rates are given in Table-7.21
below.
Table-7.21
Monthly Minimum Storages Reserved in Chasmandva Reservoir for
Meeting Evaporation Losses, Environmental and Domestic Needs
Uni
t: MCM
J J A S ON DJ F M A M
ue o a p a
gp v r r y
t c i
h l
2 22 2 2 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

478
 The monthly inflow series and monthly diversion requirements
considered for simulation analysis of Chasmandva reservoir for fixing its
live storage are furnished in Appendix 5.5 in Volume – III.

7.3.4.3 Water Tightness of the Reservoir

DPR stage Geotechnical investigations were carried out at

Chasmandva dam site by Engineering Geology Division, Western Region,
GSI, Jaipur during the field season 2009-10. A total of 19 number of
exploratory bore holes have been drilled in the different sections of the
proposed dam site at Chasmandva. The bore hole core logging aggregating a
total length of 413.75 m has been carried out. These exploratory bore holes
were drilled along the different sections of the proposed dam to know the
sub surface geological conditions at the dam site. The basaltic flows of
Deccan Trap form the foundation rock at the dam site. The rock has
horizontal to sub horizontal disposition. The water percolation test results of
these bore holes indicate that permeability of the rock strata is low. But
certain sections in bore hole numbers 7, 8, 9, and 11 have higher values of
equivalent permeability. The depth of permeable strata established by the
bore holes need to be plugged by grouting between R.D.1280 m to
R.D.1780 m (B.H.No.7 to B.H.No.11).

The reservoir appears to be water tight. The report of GSI is at

Appendix – 4.5 in Volume – III. Also the periphery of the proposed
Chasmandva reservoir is covered with the contours of value higher than the
MWL.

7.3.4.4 Annual Losses

The simulation study carried out for Chasmandva reservoir for the
period from 1975 to 2006 indicates that the annual average evaporation loss
from Chasmandva reservoir is 3.1 MCM with highest evaporation loss as
4.0 MCM during the year 1975 and the lowest evaporation loss as 2.0 MCM
during the year 1987. Maximum Monthly evaporation loss is in October
month and least Monthly evaporation loss is in June/December.

7.3.4.5 Flood Absorption

479
 No flood storage is earmarked for this project. However, from
reservoir routing it is seen that the maximum water level attained was 215.0
m and the maximum outflow discharge was 3044 Cumec.

7.3.5 Effects on Sub Soil Water Table in the Adjoining Areas

Particularly Downstream of the Dam

The sub-soil water table will improve due to the impoundment of

water in the Chasmandva reservoir. In addition, the regulated flows from the
Chasmandva dam into Tan River to meet environmental needs will increase
the sub soil water level in the adjoining areas even during lean season.

7.3.6 Reservoir Rim Stability

The detailed geological mapping to analyze the problems of reservoir

stability and reservoir competency with respect to seepage/leakage of the
proposed Chasmandva reservoir could not be carried out due to public
hindrance during DPR stage. However, based on type of rock formations
observed at the periphery of the reservoir, no reservoir rim stability
problems are expected.

7.3.7 Area of Submergence

7.3.7.1 At Maximum Water Level

Area of submergence of Chasmandva reservoir at MWL is 629 ha.

7.3.7.2 At Full Reservoir Level

Area of submergence of Chasmandva reservoir at FRL is 615 ha.

7.3.7.3 Submergence Ratio - Submerged (Cultivated) Area/CCA

The Chasmandva reservoir is a part of net-work of 6 reservoirs

proposed under Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project for diversion of surplus

480
waters of Par, Auranga, Ambica and Purna rivers for en-route irrigation and
to take-over part command of Narmada Main Canal. The total submergence
area (cultivated) under the six reservoirs is 2364 ha and the total CCA of the
Link project is 232175 ha. Therefore, the Submergence Ratio works out to
0.0102.

7.3.8 Land Acquisition-Property Submerged-Rehabilitation

7.3.8.1 Land Acquisition

The land to be acquired is about 615 ha (forest land: 300 ha,

cultivable land: 255 ha and other lands including river portion: 60 ha) that is
coming under submergence of Chasmandva reservoir.

7.3.8.2 Details of Property Submerged

Due to creation of Chasmandva reservoir 7 villages will be affected.

These villages come under Dharampur taluka of Valsad district and Vansda
taluka of Navsari district of Gujarat and Surgana taluka of Nasik district of
Maharashtra. Total 379 households of these villages are likely to be
affected.

(i) Details of Dislocation of Communication (Railways), Road(s),

Right of Way, Telegraph Lines etc.) as a Result of the Project

No railway line is coming under the submergence area of

Chasmandva reservoir. No major road is coming under Submergence area of
Chasmandva dam. No telegraph/ telephone line needs to be dislocated as a
result of the project.

(ii) Details of Valuable Mineral Deposits / Mines

The Engineering Geology Division of GSI, Jaipur vide Letter No.

171/G-1/EG/WR/GSI08-09 dated 9th April, 2009 (Annexure – 4.3 in
Volume -II) informed that no significant minerals have been reported from

481
the Chasmandva reservoir area, except construction material and a few
minor minerals like zeolites.

(iii) Historic/Archaeological Monuments

As already mentioned under “Chapter – 4: Surveys and

Investigations-Para 4.2.1 Archaeological Survey”, no antiquarian
archaeological remains have been noticed and none of the centrally
protected monuments are located in the area likely to be submerged due to
construction of Chasmandva dam.

7.3.8.3 Rehabilitation of Project Affected People

The rehabilitation plan has already been detailed under Para 7.1.8.3
above.

7.3.9 Recreation Facilities

Following are the recreational facilities which are proposed to be

developed.
 Development of parks/gardens in d/s of dam.
 Development of Children parks in the township.
 Development of Tourist spot with boating facilities
 Development of Guest house, inspection bungalow and
dormitory accommodation.
These facilities will ensure tourism development in the area.

7.3.10 Pisciculture

The submergence area of Chasmandva reservoir is 615 ha and

there is lot of scope for developing fisheries. Considering the water spread
area of Chasmandva reservoir and the fish production rate indicated above,
expected fish production in Chasmandva reservoir will be about 31 tonnes
per year which will increase the revenue from the project.

7.3.11 Need and Recommendation for Soil Conservation Measure

in the Catchment

482
 The chances of soil erosion, if any can be prevented/minimized by
adopting following measures:

 Step drain
 Angle iron barbed wire fencing
 Stone masonry
 Check dams
 Contour bunding
 Development of nurseries
 Plantation/ afforestation
 Pasture development
 Social forestry

Appropriate financial provisions have been provided for soil

conservation measures in the catchment area.

7.4. Chikkar Reservoir

7.4.1. Fixation of Storage and Reservoir Levels - Approach–Criteria

The water availability studies at Jheri, Paikhed, Chasmandva,

Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan dam sites have been carried out by the
Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi as a part of
“Hydrological Studies of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project”. The Gross and
Net Annual Yields at Chikkar dam site as per these studies are as given in
Table: 7.22 below.
Table: 7.22
Gross and Net Annual Yields at Chikkar Dam Site
S.No Details Annual Yield (MCM)
. Gross Net
1 100% Dependable yield 139 107
2 75% Dependable yield 220 170
3 50% Dependable yield 257 206
4 Average yield 304 255

The net water availability at Chikkar dam site has been worked out
after subtracting all the consumptive upstream utilizations planned by

483
States. Regeneration from major and medium irrigation projects has been
taken as 10 percent while the same has been ignored in case of minor
irrigation projects. The regeneration from domestic and industrial uses has
been considered as 80 percent of water diverted for the purpose. The net
yield series generated at Chikkar dam site for the period from 1975-76 to
2006-07 is at Annexure: 5.16 in Volume - II.

The reservoir simulation study has been carried out for estimating the
live storage capacity of the reservoir that would provide the required yield at
specified reliability. The discharge data is available for a period of 27 years
from 1980 to 2006 at Kudkas G and D site maintained by Government of
Gujarat on Khapri River (tributary of Ambica river), which is located U/s of
Dabdar dam site. Rainfall – Runoff model has been developed using
discharge data available at Kudkas G and D site and rainfall for the
concurrent period. Using this Rainfall – Runoff model the gross yield series
for the period from 1975-76 to 2006-07 at Chikkar dam site has been
developed. The net yield series at the dam site has been generated by
subtracting the net upstream consumptive use from the gross yield series
and used for simulation analysis.

The simulation analysis has been done using Simulation Program

developed using c++. This programme also takes into account the different
releases from Chikkar reservoir: i) for local domestic and industrial water
demand, ii) environmental and ecological requirements downstream of
proposed dam site, and iii) diversion to Dabdar reservoir through Feeder
Canal for further transfer to Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Canal. The result of
this analysis is at Appendix 5.5 in Volume - IV which gives detailed output
for the gross capacity of 141.99 MCM.

7.4.1.1 Dead Storage Level (DSL)

The dead storage capacity of the Chikkar reservoir has been fixed on
the basis of the guidelines given in “Fixing the capacities of reservoirs –
Methods, Part 2 Dead storage, IS 5477 (Part 2): 1994”. The new zero
elevation of the Chikkar reservoir has been worked out as 162.10 m and
169.30 m after 50 years and 100 years respectively on the basis of
sedimentation studies. The corresponding capacities at these levels as per

484
the original Area - Capacity table come to 64.64 ha m and 331.90 ha m
respectively. However, Dead Storage Level of the reservoir has been
proposed as 170.00 m (corresponding original capacity of 369.17 ha m) and
sluices are proposed to be provided above this level. The details of
sedimentation studies are furnished in Appendix 5.2 in Volume – IV.

7.4.1.2 Low Water Level /Minimum Draw-Down Level (MDDL)

The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) of Chikkar reservoir can

be fixed anywhere above 169.30 m which is the new zero elevation after
100 years of operation of the reservoir, based on sedimentation studies
carried out by Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi.
Keeping in view the live storage requirement for meeting the Link Canal
demands and power generation, the MDDL of Chikkar reservoir is kept at
179.00 m.

7.4.1.3 Full Reservoir Level (FRL)

Integrated simulation studies carried out for Jheri, Paikhed,

Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan reservoirs indicate that the
proposed Chikkar reservoir with Full Reservoir Level at 210.00 m will meet
various planned demands at 100% success rate. Therefore, the Full
Reservoir Level of Chikkar dam has been kept at 210.00 m.

7.4.1.4 Maximum Water Level (MWL)

Maximum Water Level of Chikkar reservoir has been kept as

212.0 m and the gates of spillway have been designed to pass design flood
of 5649 Cumec.

The Maximum Water Level at Chikkar dam has been fixed as 212.0
m. various levels fixed at Chikkar Reservoir are given in Table - 7.23.

Table -7.23
Levels Fixed as per Simulation Study
Chikkar Reservoir Elevation(m)
MWL 212.0
FRL 210.00
485
 MDDL 179.00

7.4.1.5 Maximum Backwater Level at Full Reservoir Level and

Maximum Water Level and its Effect, Points to Which
Backwater Effect is Felt, Maximum Distance of Such Points
from the Axis of the Structure

The Full Reservoir Level (FRL) and Maximum Water Level (MWL)
of the Chikkar dam have been fixed at 210.00 m and 212.0 m respectively.
The maximum back water level at MWL is 212.0 m and the effect extends
up to a distance of about 11 km from the axis of the dam (at the periphery of
the reservoir) within which no structure of significant importance has been
identified.

7.4.1.6 Saddle along the Reservoir Rim

The entire rim of proposed Chikkar reservoir is covered with the

contours of value higher than the MWL as such no saddle is proposed along
the rim of Chikkar reservoir.

7.4.1.7 Fetch

The fetch of the reservoir was determined to fix the free board and the
top of the dam. The fetch computations were done as per the Indian
Standards IS: 10635(Latest), “Guidelines for Free board requirements in
Embankment Dams”.

7.4.1.8 Direction of Wind - Velocity of Wind - Wave Height - Free

Board-Top of Dam

The direction of wind in Chikkar reservoir area is mostly from east to

west. The Nasik IMD station is located near to the Chikkar dam site. The
maximum wind velocity of 13.2 km/hr is experienced in the month of June
and the minimum wind velocity of 4.5 km/hr is experienced in the month of
December. The average velocity of wind is 8.4 km/hr. However, a normal
486
wind velocity of 44 m/sec has been considered. The following factors are
taken into consideration while computing the free board requirement:

(a) Wave characteristics i.e. wave height and wave length;

(b) Upstream slope of the dam and roughness of the pitching;
(c) Height of wind setup above the still water level.

The details of free board requirement for all the six dams are
furnished in para 6.1.5 of Chapter – 6: Design Aspects. The top of the rock-
fill portion of the Chikkar dam has been fixed at 217 m.

7.4.2 Sedimentation Data and Studies

Sediment load observations are being carried out by CWC at Gadat

GandD site located on Ambica River downstream of Chikkar dam site. The
annual suspended sediment load observed at the GandD site was 0.2443
mm/year/km2 (Average of sediment flow observed from 1985 to 1993) and
the total sediment load including the bed load would be 0.2810
mm/year/km2. The sedimentation rate observed at the GandD site is much
lower than the siltation rate recommended for the region in the
“Compendium of Silting of Reservoirs in India” prepared by CWC. This
may be due to less developmental activities in the catchment area of the dam
at present.
7.4.2.1 Rate of Sedimentation with Basis

A sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 sq.km/year has been adopted for

analysis of Chikkar reservoir. The basis for adopting the value has already
been explained under Para 7.1.2.1 above.

7.4.2.2 Quantity of Sediment

Considering the inflow sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 km 2/year the

sediment volume at Chikkar reservoir will be as under.

i) 50 years sediment volume 13.040 MCM

ii) 100 years sediment volume 26.034 MCM

487
7.4.2.3 Type and Shape of Reservoir

The Chikkar reservoir is considered as Flood plain-foot hill type and

the standard classification is taken as Type II.

7.4.2.4 Sediment Studies – Chikkar Reservoir

The sedimentation study has been carried out using “Empirical Area
Reduction” method.

7.4.2.5 Sediment Distribution

The sediment distribution is worked out for two periods, viz. 50 years
and 100 years by Empirical Area Reduction method. For this purpose, the
FRL 210.00 m is adopted and bed level of the reservoir is considered as
152.43 m. The original Elevation-Area-Capacity table for Chikkar reservoir
is given in Table-7.24.
Table-7.24
Original Elevation-Area-Capacity Table
for Chikkar Reservoir

Elevation Area Capacity

(m) ( ha) (MCM)
210.00 741.83 141.99
208.00 711.10 127.46
205.00 666.23 106.81
202.00 589.18 87.99
199.00 510.38 71.51
196.00 425.33 57.49
193.00 354.84 45.81
190.00 298.85 36.01
187.00 241.81 27.92
184.00 197.05 21.35
181.00 160.87 15.99

488
 Elevation Area Capacity
(m) ( ha) (MCM)
179.00 142.03 12.96
176.00 120.43 9.03
173.00 89.40 5.89
170.00 58.50 3.69
168.00 47.79 2.63
166.00 38.16 1.77
164.00 28.59 1.11
163.00 24.08 0.84
162.50 21.82 0.73
162.46 21.62 0.72
162.00 19.56 0.62
160.00 12.23 0.31
159.00 9.22 0.20
158.00 6.63 0.12
157.50 5.55 0.09
157.00 4.46 0.07
156.50 3.59 0.05
156.00 2.72 0.03
155.00 1.41 0.01
154.00 0.53 0.00
152.43 0.00 0.00

The total sediment during 50 and 100 years will get distributed up to
and above various elevations as given in the Table-7.25 below.

Table-7.25
Distribution of Total Sediment at Various Elevations of Chikkar Dam
Reservoir Level Sediment Deposition in MCM
After 50 Years After 100 Years
Up to 162.10 m 0.646 0.646
Above 162.10 m 12.397 25.181
Up to 170.00 m 2.489 3.445
Above 170.00 m 10.554 22.482

489
Up to 179.00 m 5.025 8.746
Above 179.00 m 8.018 17.081

The new zero elevation will be as follows:

After 50 years = 162.10 m

After 100 years = 169.30 m

The Minimum Draw Ddown Level (MDDL) can be fixed anywhere

above 169.30 m which is the new zero elevation after 100 years of operation
of the reservoir. The plots of revised elevation-area-capacity curve for 50-
Year sedimentation and 100 year sedimentation are given in Figure – 7.7
and 7.8 respectively.

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

for Chikkar Dam after 50 years
Capacity (MCM)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0
212 212

202 202

192 192
Elevation (m)

Elevation (m)
182 182

172 172

162 162

152 152
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Area
Area (Ha) Volume
Figure 7.7: Plot of revised elevation area capacity curve for chikkar
dam after 50 years

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

for Chikkar Dam after 100 years

Capacity (MCM)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0

210 210

200 200

490
 190 190

Elevation (m)
Elevation(m) 180 180

170 170

160 160

150 150
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Area (Ha) Area

Volume

Figure 7.8: Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve for Chikkar Dam

after 100 years

Original and revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation-Area-

Capacity details for Chikkar reservoir are given in Table-7.26 below:

Table-7.26
Original and Revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation – Area -
Capacity Table for Chikkar Reservoir

Elevation Original Original Revised Revised Revised Revised

Area Capacity Area Capacit Area Capacity
After 50 y After After 100 After 100
Years 50 Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
210.00 741.83 141.99 741.83 128.95 741.83 116.15
208.00 711.10 127.46 696.36 114.52 679.69 101.83
205.00 666.23 106.81 645.43 94.40 621.92 82.30
202.00 589.18 87.99 564.79 76.25 537.23 64.92
199.00 510.38 71.51 483.56 60.54 453.25 50.08
196.00 425.33 57.49 396.83 47.35 364.61 37.83
193.00 354.84 45.81 325.20 36.54 291.71 28.00
190.00 298.85 36.01 268.53 27.65 234.26 20.13
187.00 241.81 27.92 211.19 20.47 176.58 13.98
184.00 197.05 21.35 166.47 14.81 131.92 9.36
181.00 160.87 15.99 130.66 10.36 96.52 5.94
179.00 142.03 12.96 112.24 7.94 78.58 4.20
176.00 120.43 9.03 91.54 4.88 58.88 2.14
173.00 89.40 5.89 61.72 2.60 30.44 0.81

491
Elevation Original Original Revised Revised Revised Revised
Area Capacity Area Capacit Area Capacity
After 50 y After After 100 After 100
Years 50 Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
170.00 58.50 3.69 32.38 1.20 2.85 0.33
168.00 47.79 2.63 22.91 0.65 0.00 0.00
166.00 38.16 1.77 14.72 0.28 0.00 0.00
164.00 28.59 1.11 6.79 0.06 0.00 0.00
163.00 24.08 0.84 3.18 0.01 0.00 0.00
162.50 21.82 0.73 1.41 0.00 0.00 0.00
162.10 20.01 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
162.00 19.56 062 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
160.00 12.23 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
159.00 9.22 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
158.00 6.63 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
157.50 5.55 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
157.00 4.46 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
156.50 3.59 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
156.00 2.72 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
155.00 1.41 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
154.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
152.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7.4.3 Life of Reservoir in Years with Basis

All the outlets from the reservoir are fixed at an elevation above
the New Zero Elevation estimated after considering 100 years of
sedimentation. Therefore, the life of the Chikkar reservoir has been
considered as 100 years.

7.4.4 Capacity
7.4.4.1 Capacities of Chikkar Reservoir

S Capacity (MCM)
No Initial After 50 After 100
. Years Years
1 Gross storage capacity 141.99 128.95 116.15
2 Live storage capacity 129.03 121.01 111.95
3 Storage capacity at MDDL 12.96 7.94 4.20
4 Dead storage capacity (at 3.69 1.20 0.33
492
 DSL)

7.4.4.2 Storage

Simulation analysis considering the inflow and various water

demands to be met from Chikkar reservoir has been carried out. Based on
the simulation analysis the live storage has been provided so that the
demand of water for various requirements could be met. The dead storage
has been provided so that the functioning of the project would not be
affected even after accumulation of silt over a period of 100 years. Various
storage details of the proposed Chikkar reservoir have been mentioned in
the Para 7.4.4.1 above.

The monthly minimum storages reserved in Chikkar reservoir for

meeting the water demands towards evaporation losses, environmental and
domestic needs to achieve intended success rates are given in Table-7.27
below:
Table-7.27
Monthly Minimum Storages Reserved in Chikkar Reservoir for
Meeting Evaporation Losses, Environmental and Domestic Needs
Unit:
MCM
J J A S ON DJ F M A M
ue o a p a
gp v r r y
t c i
h l
1 11 1 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

The monthly inflow series and monthly diversion requirements

considered for simulation analysis of Chikkar reservoir for fixing its live
storage are furnished in Appendix 5.5 in Volume – IV.

7.4.4.3 Water Tightness of the Reservoir

Preliminary Geotechnical Investigations were carried out at the dam

site by GSI, Western Region, and Jaipur at Feasibility stage of Par-Tapi-
Narmada Link Project during 1993-94. As per these investigations the

493
foundation rocks at the dam site are sub-horizontal sequence of lava flows
of Deccan traps. The contacts zone between the successive lava flows are
moderately to highly weathered and marked by presence of flow breccias,
with predominance of amygdule. Hence, consolidated grouting shall be
needed to make the strata monolithic and to improve their strength and
imperviousness.

The report of GSI is at Appendix-4.8 in Volume-III. Also the

periphery of the proposed Chikkar reservoir is covered with the contours of
value higher than the MWL.

7.4.4.4 Annual Losses

The simulation study carried out for Chikkar reservoir for the period
from 1975 to 2006 indicates that the annual average evaporation loss from
Chikkar reservoir is 6.4 MCM with highest evaporation loss as 6.9 MCM
during the years 1994, 2003 and 2005 and the lowest evaporation loss as 4.5
MCM during the year 1987. Maximum Monthly evaporation loss is in
December month and least Monthly evaporation loss is in June.

7.4.4.5 Flood Absorption

No flood storage is earmarked for this project. However, from

reservoir routing it is seen that the maximum water level attained was 212.0
m and the maximum outflow discharge was 5226 Cumec.

7.4.5 Effects on Sub Soil Water Table in the Adjoining Areas

Particularly Downstream of the Dam

The sub-soil water table will improve due to the impoundment of

water in the Chikkar reservoir. In addition, the regulated flows from the
Chikkar dam into Ambica River to meet environmental needs will increase
the sub soil water level in the adjoining areas even during lean season.

7.4.6 Reservoir Rim Stability

494
 The detailed geological mapping to analyze the problems of reservoir
stability and reservoir competency with respect to seepage/leakage of the
proposed Chikkar reservoir could not be carried out due to public hindrance
during DPR stage. However, preliminary Geotechnical investigations were
carried out at the dam site by GSI, Western Region, Jaipur at Feasibility
stage of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project during 1993-94. The entire
reservoir area is covered by the Deccan basalts with moderate relief. The
rock type encountered is a sub horizontal sequence of lava flows. The
reservoir rim is expected to be stable and may not pose any stability
problems
The reservoir area appears to be water tight with no perceptible shear
or fault zone criss- crossing the area.

7.4.7 Area of Submergence

7.4.7.1 At Maximum Water Level

Area of submergence of Chikkar reservoir at MWL is 760 ha.

7.4.7.2 At Full Reservoir Level

Area of submergence of Chikkar reservoir at FRL is 742 ha.

7.4.7.3 Submergence Ratio - Submerged (Cultivated) Area/CCA

The Chikkar reservoir is a part of net-work of 6 reservoirs proposed

under Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project for diversion of surplus waters of Par,
Auranga, Ambica and Purna rivers for en-route irrigation and to take-over
part command of Narmada Main Canal. The total submergence area
(cultivated) under the six reservoirs is 2364 ha and the total CCA of the
Link project is 232175 ha. Therefore, the Submergence Ratio works out to
0.0102.

7.4.8 Land Acquisition-Property Submerged-Rehabilitation

7.4.8.1 Land Acquisition

495
The land to be acquired is about 742 ha (forest land: 300 ha, cultivable land:
332 ha and other lands including river portion: 110 ha) that is coming under
submergence of Chikkar reservoir.

7.4.8.2 Details of Property Submerged

Due to creation of Chikkar reservoir 9 villages will be affected. These

villages come under Ahwa taluka of The Dangs district of Gujarat. Total 345
households of these villages are likely to be affected.

(i) Details of Dislocation of Communication (Railways), Road(s),

Right of Way, Telegraph Lines etc.) as a result of the Project

No railway line is coming under the submergence area of Chikkar

reservoir. The State Highway connecting Waghai and Saputara is coming
under Submergence area of Chikkar dam. The power and telephone lines of
about 10 km length connecting Baj-Lahen-Dabdar villages to be dislocated
as a result of the project.

(ii) Details of Valuable Mineral Deposits / Mines

The Engineering Geology Division of GSI, Jaipur vide Letter No.

171/G-1/EG/WR/GSI08-09 dated 9th April, 2009 (Annexure – 4.3 in
Volume -II) informed that no significant minerals have been reported from
the Chikkar reservoir area, except construction material and a few minor
minerals like zeolites.

(iii) Historic/Archaeological Monuments

As already mentioned under “Chapter – 4: Surveys and

Investigations-Para 4.2.1 Archaeological Survey”, no antiquarian
archaeological remains have been noticed and none of the centrally
protected monuments are located in the area likely to be submerged due to
construction of Chikkar dam.

496
7.4.8.3 Rehabilitation of Project Affected People

The rehabilitation plan has already been detailed under Para 7.1.8.3
above.

7.4.9 Recreation Facilities

Following are the recreational facilities which are proposed to be

developed.

 Development of parks/gardens in d/s of dam.

 Development of Children parks in the township.
 Development of Tourist spot with boating facilities
 Development of Guest house, inspection bungalow and
dormitory accommodation.

These facilities will ensure tourism development in the area. The

water-fall located just downstream of the dam site further enhances the
tourism potential.

7.4.10 Pisciculture

The submergence area of Chikkar reservoir is 742 ha and there is

lot of scope for developing fisheries.

Considering the water spread area of Chikkar reservoir and the fish
production rate indicated above, expected fish production in Chikkar
reservoir will be about 37 tonnes per year which will increase the revenue
from the project.
7.4.11 Need and Recommendation for Soil Conservation Measure
in the Catchment

The chances of soil erosion, if any can be prevented/minimized by adopting

following measures:

 Step drain
 Angle iron barbed wire fencing

497
  Stone masonry
 Check dams
 Contour bunding
 Development of nurseries
 Plantation/ afforestation
 Pasture development
 Social forestry

Appropriate financial provisions have been provided for soil

conservation measures in the catchment area.

7.5. Dabdar Reservoir

7.5.1. Fixation of Storage and Reservoir Levels - Approach–Criteria

The water availability studies at Jheri, Paikhed, Chasmandva,

Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan dam sites have been carried out by the
Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi as a part of
“Hydrological Studies of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project”. The Gross and
Net Annual Yields at Dabdar dam site as per these studies are as given in
Table: 5.28 below.
Table: 5.28
Gross and Net Annual Yields at Dabdar Dam Site
S.No Details Annual Yield (MCM)
. Gross Net
1 100% Dependable yield 150 122
2 75% Dependable yield 323 262
3 50% Dependable yield 455 394
4 Average yield 488 430

The net water availability at Dabdar dam site has been worked out
after subtracting all the consumptive upstream utilizations planned by
States. Regeneration from major and medium irrigation projects has been
taken as 10 percent while the same has been ignored in case of minor
irrigation projects. The regeneration from domestic and industrial uses has
been considered as 80 percent of water diverted for the purpose. The net
yield series generated at Dabdar dam site for the period from 1975-76 to
2006-07 is at Annexure: 5.17 in Volume - II.

498
 The reservoir simulation study has been carried out for estimating the
live storage capacity of the reservoir that would provide the required yield at
specified reliability. The discharge data is available for a period of 27 years
from 1980 to 2006 at Kudkas G and D site maintained by Government of
Gujarat on Khapri River (tributary of Ambica river), which is located U/s of
Dabdar dam site. Rainfall – Runoff model has been developed using
discharge data available at Kudkas G and D site and rainfall for the
concurrent period. Using this Rainfall – Runoff model the gross yield series
for the period from 1975-76 to 2006-07 at Dabdar dam site has been
developed. The net yield series at the dam site has been generated by
subtracting the net upstream consumptive use from the gross yield series
and used for simulation analysis.

The simulation analysis has been done using Simulation Program

developed using c++. This programme also takes into account the different
releases from Dabdar reservoir: i) for local domestic and industrial water
demand, ii) environmental and ecological requirements downstream of
proposed dam site, and iii) en-route irrigation requirement of Dabdar
Feeder Canal and iv) releases into Dabdar Feeder Canal, after power
generation, for further transfer to Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Canal. The result
of this analysis is at Appendix 5.5 in Volume - IV which gives detailed
output for the gross capacity of 222.38 MCM.

7.5.1.1 Dead Storage Level (DSL)

The dead storage capacity of the Dabdar reservoir has been fixed on
the basis of the guidelines given in “Fixing the capacities of reservoirs –
Methods, Part 2 Dead storage, IS 5477 (Part 2): 1994”.
The new zero elevation of the Dabdar reservoir has been worked out
as 119.90 m and 126.90 m after 50 years and 100 years respectively on the
basis of sedimentation studies. The corresponding capacities at these levels
as per the original Area - Capacity table come to 70.07 ha m and 424.28 ha
m respectively. However, Dead Storage Level of the reservoir has been
proposed as 127.00 m (corresponding original capacity of 432.16 ha m) and
sluices are proposed to be provided above this level. The details of
sedimentation studies are furnished in Appendix 5.2 in Volume – IV.

499
7.5.1.2 Low Water Level /Minimum Draw-Down Level (MDDL)

The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) of Dabdar reservoir can

be fixed anywhere above 126.90 m which is the new zero elevation after
100 years of operation of the reservoir, based on sedimentation studies
carried out by Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi.
Keeping in view the live storage requirement for meeting the Link Canal
demands and power generation, the MDDL of Dabdar reservoir is kept at
139.00 m.

7.5.1.3 Full Reservoir Level (FRL)

Integrated simulation studies carried out for Jheri, Paikhed,

Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan reservoirs indicate that the
proposed Dabdar reservoir with Full Reservoir Level at 169.00 m will meet
various planned demands at 100% success rate. Therefore, the Full
Reservoir Level of Dabdar dam has been kept at 169.00 m.

7.5.1.4 Maximum Water Level (MWL)

Maximum Water Level of Dabdar reservoir has been kept as 170.0

m and the gates of spillway have been designed to pass design flood of 6683
Cumec.

The Maximum Water Level at Dabdar dam has been fixed as 170.0 m.
Various levels fixed at Dabdar Reservoir are given in Table - 7.29.

Table -7.29
Levels Fixed as per Simulation Study
Dabdar Reservoir Elevation(m)
MWL 170.00
FRL 169.00
MDDL 139.00

7.5.1.5 Maximum Backwater Level at Full Reservoir Level and

Maximum Water Level and its Effect, Points to Which

500
 Backwater Effect is Felt, Maximum Distance of Such Points
from the Axis of the Structure

The Full Reservoir Level (FRL) and Maximum Water Level (MWL)
of the Dabdar dam have been fixed at 169.00 m and 170.0 m respectively.
The maximum back water level at MWL is 170.0 m and the effect extends
up to a distance of about 11 km from the axis of the dam (at the periphery of
the reservoir) within which no structure of significant importance has been
identified.

7.5.1.6 Saddle along the Reservoir Rim

The entire rim of proposed Dabdar reservoir is covered with the

contours of value higher than the MWL as such no saddle is proposed along
the rim of Dabdar reservoir.

7.5.1.7 Fetch

The fetch of the reservoir was determined to fix the free board and the
top of the dam. The fetch computations were done as per the Indian
Standards IS: 10635(Latest), “Guidelines for Free board requirements in
Embankment Dams”.

7.5.1.8 Direction of Wind - Velocity of Wind - Wave Height - Free

Board-Top of Dam

The direction of wind in Dabdar reservoir area is mostly from east to

west. The Nasik IMD station is located near to the Dabdar dam site. The
maximum wind velocity of 13.2 km/hr is experienced in the month of June
and the minimum wind velocity of 4.5 km/hr is experienced in the month of
December. The average velocity of wind is 8.4 km/hr. However, a normal
wind velocity of 44 m/sec has been considered. The following factors are
taken into consideration while computing the free board requirement:

(a) Wave characteristics i.e. wave height and wave length;

(b) Upstream slope of the dams and roughness of the pitching;
(c) Height of wind setup above the still water level.

501
 The details of free board requirement for all the six dams are furnished in
para 6.1.5 of Chapter – 6: Design Aspects. The top of the rock-fill portion of
the Dabdar dam has been fixed at 177 m.

7.5.2 Sedimentation Data and Studies

Sediment load observations are being carried out by CWC at Gadat

GandD site located on Ambica River downstream of Dabdar dam site. The
annual suspended sediment load observed at the GandD site was 0.2443
mm/year/km2 (Average of sediment flow observed from 1985 to 1993) and
the total sediment load including the bed load would be 0.2810
mm/year/km2. The sedimentation rate observed at the GandD site is much
lower than the siltation rate recommended for the region in the
“Compendium of Silting of Reservoirs in India” prepared by CWC. This
may be due to less developmental activities in the catchment area of the dam
at present.

7.5.2.1 Rate of Sedimentation with Basis

A sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 sq.km/year has been adopted for

analysis of Dabdar reservoir. The basis for adopting the value has already
been explained under Para 7.1.2.1 above.

7.5.2.2 Quantity of Sediment

Considering the inflow sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 km 2/year the

sediment volume at Dabdar reservoir will be as under.

i) 50 years sediment volume 19.553 MCM

ii) 100 years sediment volume 39.035 MCM

7.5.2.3 Type and Shape of Reservoir

The Dabdar reservoir is considered as Flood plain-foot hill type and

the standard classification is taken as Type II.

502
7.5.2.4 Sediment Studies – Dabdar Reservoir

The sedimentation study has been carried out using “Empirical Area
Reduction” method.

7.5.2.5 Sediment Distribution

The sediment distribution is worked out for two periods, viz. 50 years
and 100 years by Empirical Area Reduction method. For this purpose, the
FRL 169.00 m is adopted and bed level of the reservoir is considered as
112.00 m. The original Elevation-Area-Capacity table for Dabdar reservoir
is given in Table-7.30.
Table-7.30
Original Elevation-Area-Capacity Table
for Dabdar Reservoir
Elevation Area( ha) Capacity
(m) ( MCM)
169.00 1248.77 222.38
166.00 1204.37 185.58
163.00 1036.71 152.00
160.00 826.05 124.12
157.00 740.22 100.63
154.00 636.30 80.01
151.00 499.61 63.01
148.00 412.78 49.34
145.00 349.75 37.92
142.00 273.08 28.60
139.00 213.25 21.32
136.00 173.90 15.53
133.00 139.29 10.84
130.00 108.84 7.13
128.00 88.43 5.16
126.00 70.14 3.57
125.00 61.80 2.92
503
 Elevation Area( ha) Capacity
(m) ( MCM)
124.00 53.95 2.34
123.00 46.63 1.83
122.00 39.87 1.40
121.00 33.62 1.04
120.38 30.07 0.84
120.00 27.90 0.73
119.50 24.61 0.60
119.00 21.31 0.48
118.00 15.60 0.30
117.00 10.79 0.17
116.00 6.86 0.08
115.00 3.82 0.03
114.00 1.05 0.00
113.00 0.01 0.00
112.00 0.00 0.00

The total sediment during 50 and 100 years will get distributed up to
and above various elevations as given in the Table-7.31below:

Table-7.31
Distribution of Total Sediment at Various Elevations of Dabdar Dam
Reservoir level Sediment Deposition in MCM
After 50 Years After 100 Years
Up to 119.90 m 0.701 0.702
Above 119.90 m 18.748 38.698
Up to 127.00 m 3.019 4.321
Above 127.00 m 16.429 35.079
Up to 139.00 m 7.994 14.950
Above 139.00 m 11.455 24.450
The new zero elevation will be as follows:

After 50 years = 119.90 m

After 100 years = 126.90 m

The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) can be fixed anywhere

above 126.90 m which is the new zero elevation after 100 years of operation
of the reservoir.

504
 The plots of revised elevation-area-capacity curve for 50-Year
sedimentation and 100 year sedimentation are given in Figure – 7.9 and 7.10
respectively.

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

for Dabdar Dam after 50 years
Capacity (MCM)

200 150 100 50 0

162 162

152 152

Elevation (m)
Elevation (m)

142 142

132 132

122 122

112 112
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Area
Area (Ha) Volume
Figure 7.9: Plot of revised elevation area capacity curve for Dabdar
dam after 50 years

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

for Dabdar Dam after 100 years
Capacity (MCM)
150 100 50 0

162 162

152 152

505
 Elevation (m)

Elevation (m)
142 142

132 132

122 122

112 112
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Area (Ha) Area
Volume

Figure 7.10: Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve for Dabdar Dam

after 100 years

Original and revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation-Area-

Capacity details for Dabdar reservoir are given in Table-7.32 below:

Table-7.32
Original and Revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation – Area -
Capacity Table for Dabdar Reservoir

Elevation Original Original Revised Revised Revised Revised

Area Capacity Area Capacit Area Capacity
After 50 y After After 100 After 100
Years 50 Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
169.00 1248.77 222.38 1248.77 202.93 1248.77 182.98
166.00 1204.37 185.58 1178.47 166.39 1149.08 146.74
163.00 1036.71 152.00 1003.40 133.70 965.61 115.05
160.00 826.05 124.12 788.05 106.88 744.94 89.45
157.00 740.22 100.63 699.01 84.59 652.25 68.50
154.00 636.30 80.01 592.88 65.23 543.62 50.58
151.00 499.61 63.01 454.75 49.56 403.87 36.41
148.00 412.78 49.34 367.13 37.25 315.34 25.64
145.00 349.75 37.92 303.86 27.20 251.81 17.15
142.00 273.08 28.60 227.47 19.25 175.73 10.76
139.00 213.25 21.32 168.40 13.33 117.52 6.38
136.00 173.90 15.53 130.29 8.86 80.82 3.41
133.00 139.29 10.84 97.41 5.45 49.90 1.46
130.00 108.84 7.13 69.20 2.96 24.24 0.36
128.00 88.43 5.16 50.60 1.77 7.68 0.04
127.00 79.29 4.32 42.50 1.34 0.68 0.00

506
 Elevation Original Original Revised Revised Revised Revised
Area Capacity Area Capacit Area Capacity
After 50 y After After 100 After 100
Years 50 Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
126.00 70.14 3.57 34.39 0.92 0.00 0.00
125.00 61.80 2.92 27.21 0.62 0.00 0.00
124.00 53.95 2.34 20.59 0.38 0.00 0.00
123.00 46.63 1.83 14.60 0.20 0.00 0.00
122.00 39.87 1.40 9.26 0.08 0.00 0.00
121.00 33.62 1.04 4.55 0.01 0.00 0.00
120.38 30.07 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
120.00 27.90 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
119.90 27.24 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
119.50 24.61 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
119.00 21.31 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
118.80 20.17 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
118.00 15.60 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
117.00 10.79 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
116.00 6.86 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
115.00 3.82 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
114.00 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
113.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
112.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7.5.3 Life of Reservoir in Years with Basis

All the outlets from the reservoir are fixed at an elevation above
the New Zero Elevation estimated after considering 100 years of
sedimentation. Therefore, the life of the Dabdar reservoir has been
considered as 100 years.

7.5.4 Capacity
7.5.4.1 Capacities of Dabdar Reservoir
S Capacity (MCM)
No Initial After 50 After 100
. Years Years

507
1 Gross storage capacity 222.38 202.93 182.98
2 Live storage capacity 201.06 189.60 176.60
3 Storage capacity at MDDL 21.32 13.33 6.38
4 Dead storage capacity (at 4.32 1.34 0.00
DSL)
7.5.4.2 Storage

Simulation analysis considering the inflow and various water

demands to be met from Dabdar reservoir has been carried out. Based on the
simulation analysis the live storage has been provided so that the demand of
water for various requirements could be met. The dead storage has been
provided so that the functioning of the project would not be affected even
after accumulation of silt over a period of 100 years. Various storage details
of the proposed Dabdar reservoir have been mentioned in the Para 7.5.4.1
above.
The monthly minimum storages reserved in Dabdar reservoir for
meeting the water demands towards evaporation losses, environmental and
domestic needs to achieve intended success rates are given in Table-7.33
below:
Table-7.33
Monthly Minimum Storages Reserved in Dabdar Reservoir for Meeting
Evaporation Losses, Environmental and Domestic Needs
Unit: MCM
J J A S ON DJ F M A M
ue o a p a
gp v r r y
t c i
h l
2 22 2 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 3
5

The monthly inflow series and monthly diversion requirements

considered for simulation analysis of Dabdar reservoir for fixing its live
storage are furnished in Appendix 5.5 in Volume – III.

7.5.4.3 Water Tightness of the Reservoir

508
 Preliminary Geotechnical Investigations were carried out at the dam
site by GSI, Western Region, Jaipur at Feasibility stage of Par-Tapi-
Narmada Link Project during 1993-94. As per these investigations the
foundation rocks at the dam site are Deccan traps. The bed rock constituting
the foundation are a sequence of lava flows, which comprises amygdaloidal,
dense, perphyritic basalt and flow breccias with horizontal to sub horizontal
dips. The reservoir appears to be water tight.

The reports of GSI are at Appendix-4.2 and 4.4 in Volume-III. Also

the periphery of the proposed Dabdar reservoir is covered with the contours
of value higher than the MWL.

7.5.4.4 Annual Losses

The simulation study carried out for Dabdar reservoir for the period
from 1975 to 2006 indicates that the annual average evaporation loss from
Dabdar reservoir is 6.6 MCM with highest evaporation loss as 8.6 MCM
during the years 1975 and 1983 and the lowest evaporation loss as 3.7
MCM during the year 1987. Maximum Monthly evaporation loss is in
October month and least Monthly evaporation loss is in July.

7.5.4.5 Flood Absorption

No flood storage is earmarked for this project. However, from

reservoir routing it is seen that the maximum water level attained was
170.00 m and the maximum outflow discharge was 6582 Cumec.

7.5.5 Effects on Sub Soil Water Table in the Adjoining Areas

Particularly Downstream of the Dam

The sub-soil water table will improve due to the impoundment of

water in the Dabdar reservoir. In addition, the regulated flows from the
Dabdar dam into Khapri River to meet environmental needs will increase
the sub soil water level in the adjoining areas even during lean season.

509
7.5.6 Reservoir Rim Stability

The detailed geological mapping to analyze the problems of reservoir

stability and reservoir competency with respect to seepage/leakage of the
proposed Dabdar reservoir could not be carried out due to public hindrance
during DPR stage. However, preliminary Geotechnical investigations were
carried out at the dam site by GSI, Western Region, Jaipur at Feasibility
stage of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project during 1993-94. The entire
reservoir area is covered by the Deccan traps. The rock type encountered is
sequence of lava flows. In view of the rock type encountered at the
periphery of the reservoir, no stability problem of reservoir rim is expected.

The reservoir area appears to be water tight with no perceptible shear

or fault zone criss- crossing the area.

7.5.7 Area of Submergence

7.5.7.1 At Maximum Water Level

Area of submergence of Dabdar reservoir at MWL is 1271 ha.

7.5.7.2 At Full Reservoir Level

Area of submergence of Dabdar reservoir at FRL is 1249 ha.

7.5.7.3 Submergence Ratio - Submerged (Cultivated) Area/CCA

The Dabdar reservoir is a part of net-work of 6 reservoirs proposed

under Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project for diversion of surplus waters of Par,
Auranga, Ambica and Purna rivers for en-route irrigation and to take-over
part command of Narmada Main Canal. The total submergence area
(cultivated) under the six reservoirs is 2364 ha and the total CCA of the
Link project is 232175 ha. Therefore, the Submergence Ratio works out to
0.0102.

7.5.8 Land Acquisition-Property Submerged-Rehabilitation

7.5.8.1 Land Acquisition

510
 The land to be acquired is about 1249 ha (forest land: 614 ha,
cultivable land: 482 ha and other lands including river portion: 153 ha) that
is coming under submergence of Dabdar reservoir.

7.5.8.2 Details of Property Submerged

Due to creation of Dabdar reservoir 11 villages will be affected.

These villages come under Ahwa taluka of The Dangs district of Gujarat.
Total 563 households of these villages are likely to be affected.

(i) Details of Dislocation of Communication (Railways), Road(s), Right

of Way, Telegraph Lines etc.) as a Result of the Project

No railway line is coming under the submergence area of Dabdar

reservoir. The State Highway connecting Bilimora and Ahwa is coming
under Submergence area of Dabdar dam. The power and telephone lines of
about 12 km length connecting Waghai-Pimpri villages to be dislocated as a
result of the project.

(ii) Details of Valuable Mineral Deposits / Mines

The Engineering Geology Division of GSI, Jaipur vide Letter No.

171/G-1/EG/WR/GSI08-09 dated 9th April, 2009 (Annexure – 4.3 in
Volume -II) informed that no significant minerals have been reported from
the Dabdar reservoir area, except construction material and a few minor
minerals like zeolites.

(iii) Historic/Archaeological Monuments

As already mentioned under “Chapter – 4: Surveys and

Investigations-Para 4.2.1 Archaeological Survey”, no antiquarian
archaeological remains have been noticed and none of the centrally
protected monuments are located in the area likely to be submerged due to
construction of Dabdar dam.

511
7.5.8.3 Rehabilitation of Project Affected People

The rehabilitation plan has already been detailed under Para 7.1.8.3
above.

7.5.9 Recreation Facilities

Following are the recreational facilities which are proposed to be

developed.
 Development of parks/gardens in d/s of dam.
 Development of Children parks in the township.
 Development of Tourist spot with boating facilities
 Development of Guest house, inspection bungalow and
dormitory accommodation.

These facilities will ensure tourism development in the area. The

water-fall located just downstream of the dam site further enhances the
tourism potential.

7.5.10 Pisciculture

The submergence area of Dabdar reservoir is 1249 ha and there is

lot of scope for developing fisheries.

Considering the water spread area of Dabdar reservoir and the fish
production rate indicated above, expected fish production in Dabdar
reservoir will be about 62 tonnes per year which will increase the revenue
from the project.

7.5.11 Need and Recommendation for Soil Conservation Measures

in the Catchment

The chances of soil erosion, if any can be prevented/minimized by

adopting following measures:

 Step drain

512
  Angle iron barbed wire fencing
 Stone masonry
 Check dams
 Contour bunding
 Development of nurseries
 Plantation/ afforestation
 Pasture development
 Social forestry

Appropriate financial provisions have been provided for soil

conservation measures in the catchment area.

7.6. Kelwan Reservoir

7.6.1. Fixation of Storage and Reservoir Levels - Approach–Criteria

The water availability studies at Jheri, Paikhed, Chasmandva,

Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan dam sites have been carried out by the
Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi as a part of
“Hydrological Studies of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project”. The Gross and
Net Annual Yields at Kelwan dam site as per these studies are as given in
Table: 7.34 below.

Table: 7.34
Gross and Net Annual Yields at Kelwan Dam Site
S.No Details Annual Yield (MCM)
. Gross Net
1 100% Dependable yield 252 214
2 75% Dependable yield 362 308
3 50% Dependable yield 445 390
4 Average yield 497 443
The net water availability at Kelwan dam site has been worked out
after subtracting all the consumptive upstream utilizations planned by
States. Regeneration from major and medium irrigation projects has been
taken as 10 percent while the same has been ignored in case of minor
irrigation projects. The regeneration from domestic and industrial uses has
been considered as 80 percent of water diverted for the purpose. The net

513
yield series generated at Kelwan dam site for the period from 1975-76 to
2006-07 is at Annexure: 5.18 in Volume - II.

The gauge and discharge data of the Kalibel GandD site maintained
by Government of Gujarat is available from the year 1962 to 2000 except
for the years 1979, 80, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 and 1999. The site is located
just upstream of the Kelwan dam site. Therefore, the yield series at Kelwan
dam sites have been generated from year 1975, on catchment area
proportionate basis, using observed data after duly checking the consistency.
The inconsistent data and gaps have been filled by using rainfall runoff
modeling. The yield series has been further extended beyond year 2000
using rainfall runoff modeling. The yield series from 1975 to 2006 has used
for working out the water availability at the Kelwan dam site.

The simulation analysis has been done using Simulation Program

developed using c++. This programme also takes into account the different
releases from Kelwan reservoir: i) for local domestic and industrial water
demand, ii) environmental and ecological requirements downstream of
proposed dam site, and iii) en-route irrigation requirement of Kelwan
Feeder Canal and iv) releases into Kelwan Feeder Canal, after power
generation, for further transfer to Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Canal. The result
of this analysis is at Appendix 5.5 in Volume - IV which gives detailed
output for the gross capacity of 282.17 MCM.

7.6.1.1 Dead Storage Level (DSL)

The dead storage capacity of the Kelwan reservoir has been fixed on
the basis of the guidelines given in “Fixing the capacities of reservoirs –
Methods, Part 2 Dead storage, IS 5477 (Part 2): 1994”.

The new zero elevation of the Kelwan reservoir has been worked out
as 122.20 m and 128.20 m after 50 years and 100 years respectively on the
basis of sedimentation studies. The corresponding capacities at these levels
as per the original Area - Capacity table come to 125.05 ha m and 651.28 ha
m respectively. However, Dead Storage Level of the reservoir has been
proposed as 128.20 m (corresponding original capacity of 651.28 ha m) and
sluices are proposed to be provided above this level. The details of
sedimentation studies are furnished in Appendix 5.2 in Volume – IV.
514
7.6.1.2 Low Water Level /Minimum Draw-Down Level (MDDL)

The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) of Kelwan reservoir can

be fixed anywhere above 128.20 m which is the new zero elevation after
100 years of operation of the reservoir, based on sedimentation studies
carried out by Hydrological Studies Organisation, CWC, New Delhi.
Keeping in view the live storage requirement for meeting the Link Canal
demands and power generation, the MDDL of Kelwan reservoir is kept at
136.00 m.

7.6.1.3 Full Reservoir Level (FRL)

Integrated simulation studies carried out for Jheri, Paikhed,

Chasmandva, Chikkar, Dabdar and Kelwan reservoirs indicate that the
proposed Kelwan reservoir with Full Reservoir Level at 164.00 m will meet
various planned demands at 100% success rate. Therefore, the Full
Reservoir Level of Kelwan dam has been kept at 164.00 m.

7.6.1.4 Maximum Water Level (MWL)

Maximum Water Level of Kelwan reservoir has been kept as

166.00 m and the gates of spillway have been designed to pass design flood
of 7979 Cumec.

The Maximum Water Level at Kelwan dam has been fixed as 166.00
m. Various levels fixed at Kelwan Reservoir are given in Table - 7.35.

Table -7.35
Levels Fixed as per Simulation Study
Kelwan Reservoir Elevation(m)
MWL 166.00
FRL 164.00
MDDL 136.00

7.6.1.5 Maximum Backwater Level at Full Reservoir Level and

Maximum Water Level and its Effect, Points to Which
515
 Backwater Effect is Felt, Maximum Distance of Such Points
from the Axis of the Structure

The Full Reservoir Level (FRL) and Maximum Water Level (MWL)
of the Kelwan dam have been fixed at 164.00 m and 166.00 m respectively.
The maximum back water level at MWL is 166.00 m and the effect extends
up to a distance of about 24 km from the axis of the dam (at the periphery of
the reservoir) within which no structure of significant importance has been
identified.

7.6.1.6 Saddles along the Reservoir Rim

The entire rim of proposed Kelwan reservoir is covered with the

contours of value higher than the MWL as such no saddle is proposed along
the rim of Kelwan reservoir.

7.6.1.7 Fetch

The fetch of the reservoir was determined to fix the free board and the
top of the dam. The fetch computations were done as per the Indian
Standards IS: 10635(Latest), “Guidelines for Free board requirements in
Embankment Dams”.

7.6.1.8 Direction of Wind - Velocity of Wind - Wave Height - Free

Board-Top of Dam

The direction of wind in Kelwan reservoir area is mostly from east to

west. The Nasik IMD station is located near to the Kelwan dam site. The
maximum wind velocity of 13.2 km/hr is experienced in the month of June
and the minimum wind velocity of 4.5 km/hr is experienced in the month of
December. The average velocity of wind is 8.4 km/hr. However, a normal
wind velocity of 44 m/sec has been considered. The following factors are
taken into consideration while computing the free board requirement:

(a) Wave characteristics i.e. wave height and wave length;

(b) Upstream slope of the dam and roughness of the pitching;
(c) Height of wind setup above the still water level.

516
 The details of free board requirement for all the six dams are
furnished in para 6.1.5 of Chapter – 6: Design Aspects. The top of the rock-
fill portion of the Kelwan dam has been fixed at 174.0 m.

7.6.2 Sedimentation Data and Studies

Sediment load observations are being carried out by CWC at Mahuva

GandD site located on Purna River downstream of Kelwan dam site. The
annual suspended sediment load observed at the GandD site was 0.3693
mm/year/km2 and the total sediment load including the bed load would be
0.4247 mm/year/km2. The sedimentation rate observed at the GandD site is
much lower than the siltation rate recommended for the region in the
“Compendium of Silting of Reservoirs in India” prepared by CWC. This
may be due to less developmental activities in the catchment area of the dam
at present.

7.6.2.1 Rate of Sedimentation with Basis

A sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 sq.km/year has been adopted for

analysis of Kelwan reservoir. The basis for adopting the value has already
been explained under Para 7.1.2.1 above.

7.6.2.2 Quantity of Sediment

Considering the inflow sedimentation rate of 9.0 ham/100 km 2/year the

sediment volume at Kelwan reservoir will be as under:

i) 50 years sediment volume 29.902 MCM

ii) 100 years sediment volume 59.689 MCM

7.6.2.3 Type and Shape of Reservoir

The Kelwan reservoir is considered as Flood plain-foot hill type and

the standard classification is taken as Type II.

7.6.2.4 Sediment Studies – Kelwan Reservoir

517
 The sedimentation study has been carried out using “Empirical Area
Reduction” method.

7.6.2.5 Sediment Distribution

The sediment distribution is worked out for two periods, viz. 50 years
and 100 years by Empirical Area Reduction method. For this purpose, the
FRL 164.00 m is adopted and bed level of the reservoir is considered as
115.27 m. The original Elevation-Area-Capacity table for Kelwan reservoir
is given in Table-7.36:
Table-7.36
Original Elevation-Area-Capacity Table
for Kelwan Reservoir
Elevation (m) Revised Area(ha) Capacity
(MCM)
164.00 1628.85 282.16
163.00 1559.22 266.22
161.00 1453.06 236.11
158.00 1280.42 195.13
155.00 1150.00 158.69
152.00 1007.49 126.36
149.00 850.95 98.51
146.00 704.09 75.22
143.00 624.75 55.30
140.00 488.00 38.65
138.00 344.07 30.37
136.00 304.78 23.89
134.00 268.72 18.16
132.00 215.59 13.32
130.00 180.00 9.37
128.00 135.19 6.23
126.00 95.00 3.94
125.00 83.00 3.05
124.00 70.00 2.29
123.00 55.00 1.66
122.00 47.00 1.15
121.00 34.00 0.75
120.00 26.00 0.45
119.00 18.00 0.23

518
 Elevation (m) Revised Area(ha) Capacity
(MCM)
118.50 14.00 0.15
118.00 10.00 0.12
117.94 9.25 0.09
117.75 8.50 0.09
117.50 7.00 0.07
117.00 4.00 0.05
116.00 0.90 0.02
115.27 0 0.00

The total sediment during 50 and 100 years will get distributed up to
and above various elevations as given in the Table-7.37 below:

Table-7.37
Distribution of Total Sediment at Various Elevations of Kelwan Dam
Reservoir Level Sediment Deposition in MCM
After 50 Years After 100 Years
Up to 122.20 m 1.25 1.26
Above 122.20 m 28.42 57.99
Up to 128.20 m 4.70 6.51
Above 128.20 m 24.97 52.74
Up to 136.00 m 10.29 18.33
Above 136.00 m 19.38 40.92

The new zero elevation will be as follows.

After 50 years = 122.20 m

After 100 years = 128.20 m

The Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) can be fixed anywhere

above 128.20 m which is the new zero elevation after 100 years of operation
of the reservoir.

The plots of revised elevation-area-capacity curve for 50-Year

sedimentation and 100 year sedimentation are given in Figure – 7.11 and
7.12 respectively:

519
 Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve
for Kelwan Dam after 50 years
Capacity (MCM)
250 200 150 100 50 0

160 160

155 155

150 150

145 145
Elevation (m)

Elevation (m)
140 140

135 135

130 130

125 125

120 120

115 115
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Area
Area (Ha) Volume
Figure 7.11: Plot of revised elevation area capacity curve for Kelwan
dam after 50 years

Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve

for Kelwan Dam after 100 years
Capacity (MCM)

250 200 150 100 50 0

165 165
160 160
155 155
150 150
145 145
Elevation (m)
Elevation (m)

140 140
135 135
130 130
125 125
120 120
115 115
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Area (Ha) Area
Volume

520
 Figure 7.12: Revised Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve for Kelwan
Dam after 100 years

Original and revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation-Area-

Capacity details for Kelwan reservoir are given in Table-7.38 below:

Table-7.38
Original and Revised (after 50 and 100 years) Elevation – Area -
Capacity Table for Kelwan Reservoir

Elevation Original Original Revised Revised Revised Revised

Area Capacity Area Capacit Area Capacity
After 50 y After After 100 After 100
Years 50 Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
164.00 1628.85 282.17 1628.85 252.50 1628.85 222.91
163.00 1559.22 266.23 1527.62 236.67 1492.49 207.20
161.00 1453.06 236.12 1404.68 207.35 1350.89 178.76
158.00 1280.42 195.14 1218.58 168.02 1149.82 141.27
155.00 1150.00 158.70 1079.94 133.56 1002.05 109.00
152.00 1007.49 126.36 932.11 103.40 848.30 81.27
149.00 850.95 98.52 772.26 77.87 684.78 58.31
146.00 704.09 75.23 623.68 56.96 534.28 40.05
143.00 624.75 55.31 543.97 39.46 454.15 25.24
140.00 488.00 38.66 408.06 25.22 319.19 13.68
138.00 344.07 30.38 265.34 18.53 177.81 8.75
136.00 304.78 23.89 227.77 13.60 142.16 5.56
134.00 268.72 18.16 193.95 9.39 110.83 3.03
132.00 215.59 13.33 143.61 6.02 63.58 1.64
130.00 180.00 9.38 111.37 3.48 35.07 0.31
128.20 137.43 6.51 74.62 1.85 0.00 0.00
128.00 135.19 6.24 70.54 1.67 0.00 0.00
127.00 115.10 4.99 52.69 1.06 0.00 0.00
126.00 95.00 3.94 35.04 0.62 0.00 0.00
125.00 83.00 3.05 25.68 0.32 0.00 0.00
124.75 79.75 2.85 23.13 0.25 0.00 0.00
124.63 78.13 2.75 21.86 0.23 0.00 0.00
124.50 76.50 2.65 20.59 0.20 0.00 0.00
124.00 70.00 2.29 15.55 0.11 0.00 0.00
123.00 55.00 1.66 3.69 0.01 0.00 0.00
122.20 48.60 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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Elevation Original Original Revised Revised Revised Revised
Area Capacity Area Capacit Area Capacity
After 50 y After After 100 After 100
Years 50 Years Years Years
(m) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM) (ha) (MCM)
122.00 47.00 1.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
121.00 34.00 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
120.00 26.00 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
119.00 18.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
118.50 14.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
118.25 12.00 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
118.00 10.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
117.94 9.25 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
117.75 8.50 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
117.50 7.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
117.00 4.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
116.00 0.90 0.002 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
115.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7.6.3 Life of Reservoir in Years with Basis

All the outlets from the reservoir are fixed at an elevation above
the New Zero Elevation estimated after considering 100 years of
sedimentation. Therefore, the life of the Kelwan reservoir has been
considered as 100 years.
7.6.4 Capacity
7.6.4.1 Capacities of Kelwan Reservoir
S Capacity (MCM)
No Initial After 50 After 100
. Years Years
1 Gross storage capacity 282.17 252.50 222.91
2 Live storage capacity 258.28 238.90 217.35
3 Storage capacity at MDDL 23.89 13.60 5.56
4 Dead storage capacity (at 6.51 1.85 0.00
DSL)

7.6.4.2 Storage

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 Simulation analysis considering the inflow and various water
demands to be met from Kelwan reservoir has been carried out. Based on
the simulation analysis the live storage has been provided so that the
demand of water for various requirements could be met. The dead storage
has been provided so that the functioning of the project would not be
affected even after accumulation of silt over a period of 100 years. Various
storage details of the proposed Kelwan reservoir have been mentioned in the
Para 7.6.4.1 above.

The monthly minimum storages reserved in Kelwan reservoir for meeting

the water demands towards evaporation losses, environmental and domestic
needs to achieve intended success rates are given in Table-7.39 below:

Table-7.39
Monthly minimum storages reserved in Kelwan reservoir for meeting
evaporation losses, environmental and domestic needs
Unit: MCM
J J A S ON DJ F M A M
ue o a p a
gp v r r y
t c i
h l
3 33 3 1 1 1 9 8 5 5 5
1

The monthly inflow series and monthly diversion requirements considered

for simulation analysis of Kelwan reservoir for fixing its live storage are
furnished in Appendix 5.5 in Volume – IV.

7.6.4.3 Water Tightness of the Reservoir

Preliminary Geotechnical Investigations were carried out at the dam

site by GSI, Western Region, Jaipur at Feasibility stage of Par-Tapi-
Narmada Link Project during 1993-94. As per these investigations the
523
foundation rocks at the dam site are Deccan traps and it’s differentiates. The
exposed out crops are mainly consisting of horizontal to sub horizontal
sequence of lava flows, which includes amygdaloidal, dense, perphyritic
basalt and flow breccias.

The report of GSI is at Appendix-4.2 and 4.4 in Volume-III. Also the

periphery of the proposed Kelwan reservoir is covered with the contours of
value higher than the MWL.

7.6.4.4 Annual Losses

The simulation study carried out for Kelwan reservoir for the period
from 1975 to 2006 indicates that the annual average evaporation loss from
Kelwan reservoir is 6.9 MCM with highest evaporation loss as 8.7 MCM
during the year 1975 and the lowest evaporation loss as 4.2 MCM during
the year 1987. Maximum Monthly evaporation loss is in October month and
least Monthly evaporation loss is in July.

7.6.4.5 Flood Absorption

No flood storage is earmarked for this project. However, from

reservoir routing it is seen that the maximum water level attained was
166.00 m and the maximum outflow discharge was 6582 Cumec.

7.6.5 Effects on Sub Soil Water Table in the Adjoining Areas

Particularly Downstream of the Dam

The sub-soil water table will improve due to the impoundment of

water in the Kelwan reservoir. In addition, the regulated flows from the
Kelwan dam into Purna River to meet environmental needs will increase the
sub soil water level in the adjoining areas even during lean season.

7.6.6 Reservoir Rim Stability

524
 The detailed geological mapping to analyze the problems of reservoir
stability and reservoir competency with respect to seepage/leakage of the
proposed Kelwan reservoir could not be carried out due to public hindrance
during DPR stage. However, preliminary Geotechnical investigations were
carried out at the dam site by GSI, Western Region, Jaipur at Feasibility
stage of Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project during 1993-94. The entire
reservoir area is covered by the Deccan trap and it’s differentiates. The rock
type encountered is horizontal to sub horizontal sequence of lava flows.

There is shear zones and dykes, hence adequate care should be taken
to control these phenomenon before impounding the reservoir.

7.6.7 Area of Submergence

7.6.7.1 At Maximum Water Level

Area of submergence of Kelwan reservoir at MWL is 1870 ha.

7.6.7.2 At Full Reservoir Level

Area of submergence of Kelwan reservoir at FRL is 1629 ha.

7.6.7.3 Submergence Ratio - Submerged (Cultivated) Area/CCA

The Kelwan reservoir is a part of net-work of 6 reservoirs proposed

under Par-Tapi-Narmada Link Project for diversion of surplus waters of Par,
Auranga, Ambica and Purna rivers for en-route irrigation and to take-over
part command of Narmada Main Canal. The total submergence area
(cultivated) under the six reservoirs is 2364 ha and the total CCA of the
Link project is 232175 ha. Therefore, the Submergence Ratio works out to
0.0102.

7.6.8 Land Acquisition-Property Submerged-Rehabilitation

7.6.8.1 Land Acquisition

The land to be acquired is about 1629 ha (forest land: 890 ha,

cultivable land: 450 ha and other lands including river portion: 289 ha) that
is coming under submergence of Kelwan reservoir.

525
7.6.8.2 Details of Property Submerged

Due to creation of Kelwan reservoir 17 villages will be affected.

These villages come under Ahwa taluka of The Dangs district of Gujarat.
Total 793 households of these villages are likely to be affected.

(i) Details of Dislocation of Communication (Railways), Road(s),

Right of Way, Telegraph Lines etc.) as a Result of the Project

No railway line is coming under the submergence area of Kelwan

reservoir. The State Highway connecting Vyara and Ahwa is coming
under Submergence area of Kelwan dam. The power and telephone lines
of about 14 km length connecting Karlipada-Khatal villages to be
dislocated as a result of the project.

(ii) Details of Valuable Mineral Deposits / Mines

The Engineering Geology Division of GSI, Jaipur vide Letter No.

171/G-1/EG/WR/GSI08-09 dated 9th April, 2009 (Annexure – 4.3 in
Volume -II) informed that no significant minerals have been reported
from the Kelwan reservoir area, except construction material and a few
minor minerals like zeolites.

(iii) Historic/Archaeological Monuments

As already mentioned under “Chapter – 4: Surveys and

Investigations-Para 4.2.1 Archaeological Survey”, no antiquarian
archaeological remains have been noticed and none of the centrally
protected monuments are located in the area likely to be submerged due
to construction of Kelwan dam.

7.6.8.3 Rehabilitation of Project Affected People

The rehabilitation plan has already been detailed under Para 7.1.8.3
above.

7.6.9 Recreation Facilities

526
 Following are the recreational facilities which are proposed to be
developed.
 Development of parks/gardens in d/s of dam.
 Development of Children parks in the township.
 Development of Tourist spot with boating facilities
 Development of Guest house, inspection bungalow and dormitory
accommodation.

These facilities will ensure tourism development in the area. The

water-fall located just downstream of the dam site further enhances the
tourism potential.

7.6.10 Pisciculture

The submergence area of Kelwan reservoir is 1629 ha and there is

lot of scope for developing fisheries. Considering the water spread area of
Kelwan reservoir and the fish production rate indicated above, expected fish
production in Kelwan reservoir will be about 81 tonnes per year which will
increase the revenue from the project.
7.6.11 Need and Recommendation for Soil Conservation Measure
in the Catchment

The chances of soil erosion, if any can be prevented/minimized by

adopting following measures:

 Step drain
 Angle iron barbed wire fencing
 Stone masonry
 Check dams
 Contour bunding
 Development of nurseries
 Plantation/ afforestation
 Pasture development
 Social forestry

527
 Appropriate financial provisions have been provided for soil
conservation measures in the catchment area.
7.7. Ukai Reservoir (Existing)
As mentioned above under Para “7.0 General” neither the storage of
Ukai reservoir nor the waters of Tapi River would be used under the Par-
Tapi- Narmada Link Canal project. But the Ukai reservoir will be used just
as a ‘Level Crossing’ for diversion of water through the Link Canal. The
monthly inflows at Ukai reservoir available from 1973 to 1998 are used for
simulation analysis carried out from 1975 to 2006. The details of storage
capacity of Ukai reservoir at important levels considered in the simulation
study are given in Table -7.40.

Table -7.40
Ukai Reservoir Storage capacities and Levels considered for simulation

Ukai Reservoir Elevation(m) Capacity (MCM)

FRL 105 m 7414
MDDL 82 m 684

The monthly minimum storages assumed in Ukai reservoir while carrying

out simulation analysis are given in Table-7.41 below:

Table-7.41
Monthly minimum storages assumed in Ukai reservoir
Unit:
MCM
Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan
Feb March Apri May
l
6729 672 6729 672 6729 6729 6729 672 6729 6729 6729 6729
9 9 9

The result of simulation analysis is at Appendix 5.3 in Volume - IV

which gives detailed output for the gross capacity of 7414 MCM.

7.8. Paikhed Barrage

528
 Paikhed barrage is proposed across river Nar about 4.6 km
downstream of proposed Paikhed dam near village Motikosbadi in
Dharampur taluka of Valsad district in Gujarat State. The water released
from Paikhed reservoir after power generation will be picked-up at Paikhed
barrage from where the Par – Tapi – Narmada link canal will off take.

7.9. Chasmandva Barrage

Chasmandava barrage is proposed across river Tan about 8.5 km in

the downstream of proposed Chasmandava dam near village Chandha
Chikadi in Vansda taluka of Navsari district in Gujarat State. The water
released from Chasmandava reservoir after power generation will be picked-
up at Chasmandava barrage from where a feeder pipe line will off take to
release the water in to the Par – Tapi – Narmada link canal.

529