BRITISH STANDARD II

BS 2056 : 1991

Specification for

Stainless steel wire for

mechanical springs

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 BS 2056: 1991 II
Committees responsible for this
British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Iron and Steel
Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to Technical Committee ISM/26, upon
which the following bodies were represented:

Aluminium Federation
Bicycle Association of GB
British Cable Makers' Confederation
British Rubber Manufacturers' Association
British Steel Industry
Federation of Wire Rope Manufacturers of Great Britain
Forestry Commission
Health and Safety Executive
Sheffield Stainless Steel Manufacturers' Association
Society of Chain Link Fencing Manufacturers
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited
Spring Research and Manufacturers' Association
Stainless Steel Fabricators' Association of Great Britain
Stainless Steel Wire Industry Association
Welding Manufacturers Association (BEAMA Ltd.)
Woven Wire Association
Zinc Development Association

TV_>ritish Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Iron and Steel
Standards Policy Committee,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
28 June 1991
© BSI1991
First published December 1953 Amendments issued since publication
Second edition February 1983
Third edition June 1991 Amd. No. Date Text affected

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference ISM/26
Draft for comment 90/40193 DC
ISBN 0 580 19503 1
 II
Your ref:
STANDARDS-***^
Our ref:

BSI Standards
Date:
Linford Wood
Milton Keynes MK14 6LE
United Kingdom
Telephone
To Members of: National: (0908) 220022
International: +44 908 220022
Telex: 825777 BSIMKG
Fax: (0908) 320856
Technical Committee
ISM/26
Steel Wire

Sub Committee
ISM/26/2
Steel Wire for Fasteners

Panel Committee
ISM/26/1
Low Tensile Steel Wire

Dear Member

BS 2056:1991

British Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Wire for Mechanical Springs.

Gr 6

The above publication is now available and we enclose a copy with our
compliments. We are very grateful for the help and co-operation of the
committees concerned with its preparation and would like to thank you for
your part in this work.

A copy has also been sent to interested technical and trade associations with
the request that they bring it to the notice of their members. We shall be glad
of any help you can give in making'this and other BSI publications widely known.

Yours sincerely

Director General
 BS 2056 : 1991

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword 2
Specification
1 Scope 3
2 Information and requirements to be agreed and to be documented 3
3 Manufacture 3
4 Condition of finished wire 5
5 Low magnetic permeability austenitic stainless steels 5
6 Method of supply 5
7 Sampling for mechanical tests 5
8 Mechanical properties 5
9 Dimensional tolerances 7
10 Retests . 8
11 Packing and marking 8
Appendices
A Product analysis and permitted variations 9
B Bend test 9
C Wire cast measurement 10
Tables
1 Chemical composition of stainless steels (cast analysis) 4
2 Condition of finished wire 5
3 Magnetic permeability of 305S11 and 904S14 5
4 Tensile strengths of 301S20, 302S26, 316S33 and 316S42 wire 6
5 Tensile strength of 301S81 wire 6
6 Tensile strength of 305S11 and 904S14 wire 6
7 Tensile strength of 420S45 wire 6
8 Values of helix 7
9 Tolerances on diameter and ovality 7
10 Tblerances on length of straight lengths 8
11 Permitted variations of product analysis from specified range 9
Figures
1 Sampling of wire 10
2 Closed circular cast 10
3 Open circular cast 10
4 Helix : vertical placement 10
5 Spiral cast 11
BS 2056: 1991
It
Foreword

This British Standard has been revised under the direction of the Iron and Steel
Standards Policy Committee and supersedes BS 2056 : 1983, which is withdrawn.
It makes provision for the supply of a type of martensitic stainless steel and a
selection of types of austenitic stainless steel most commonly used in the
manufacture of springs including steels with low magnetic permeability. A type
of precipitation hardening steel is also included.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from
legal obligations.
 It
BS 2056 : 1991

Specification

1 Scope 3 Manufacture
This British Standard specifies the requirements for 3.1 Steelmaking process
stainless steel wire, in diameters up to and
including 10 mm, supplied in coils, on reels or in The steel shall be made by an electric furnace
straight lengths, suitable for the manufacture of process.
mechanical springs. 3.2 Chemical composition
Specific requirements are given for six types of The cast analysis shall comply with the composition
austenitic (301S26, 302S26, 316S33 and 316S42), ranges given in table 1 for the appropriate steel
including two types of low magnetic permeability type. On request, the wire manufacturer shall
(305S11 and 904S14), one type of martensitic supply the cast analysis. Any subsequent analytical
(420S45) and one type of precipitation hardening checks on the product shall take into consideration
(301S81) stainless steel spring wire. the heterogeneity normal to the steel and shall be
In addition to the definitive requirements, this in accordance with appendix A.
standard also requires the items detailed in clause 2 3.3 Freedom from defects
to be documented. For compliance with this
standard, both the definitive requirements and the 3.3.1 The ingots, blooms or billets shall be so
documented items have to be satisfied. prepared as to remove surface imperfections that
NOTE 1. The titles of the publications referred to in this might produce defects in the wire made from
standard are listed on the inside back cover. them.
NOTE 2. For the purposes of this British Standard the term
'reel' is synonymous with the terms 'spool' and 'bobbin'. 3.3.2 The rod from which the wire is drawn shall
be free from harmful surface defects, pipe and
other flaws (see also 4.1 for finished wire).
2 Information and requirements to be
agreed and to be documented
The following information to be supplied by the
purchaser shall be fully documented.
Both the definitive requirements specified
throughout the standard and the following
documented items shall be satisfied before a claim
of compliance with the standard can be made and
verified:
(a) the number of this British Standard,
i.e. BS 2056;
(b) the steel type number (see table 1);
(c) the nominal diameter of the wire (in mm);
(d) the tensile strength grade, if 301S26 or
302S26 is being ordered (see table 4);
(e) the form of supply, i.e. coils, reels, or straight
lengths;
(f) any applicable requirements from the
appropriate clauses for:
(1) surface finish and condition of wire
(see clause 4);
(2) packing and identification (see clauses 6
and 11);
(g) any other special requirements.
lable 1. Chemical composition of stainless steelL ,ast analysis) V
Steel type c Si Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Al Cu N

min. max. max. max. max. max. min. max. min* max. min. max. min. max. min. max. max.

301S26 * 0.15 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0 18.0 * *

6.0 8.0
* *
* * *

302S26 — 0.12 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0 19.0 — — 7.5 10.0 — — —
316S33 — 0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.5 18.5 2.5 3.0 11.0 14.0 — — — —

316S42 — 0.07 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 16.0 18.5 2.00 2.50 9.50 13.50
—
— — — — —

305S11 — 0.03 1.00 2.00 0.045 0.030 17.0 19.0 — — 11.0 13.0 — — — — —
—
904S14 — 0.03 1.00 2.00 0.030 0.040 19.5 22.0 4.00 5.00 24.0 27.0 — — 1.00
—
2.00 0.06
301S81 — 0.09 1.00 1.00 0.045 0.030 16.0 18.0 —
—
— 6.50
—
7.75 0.75
—
1.50
—
— —
—
420S45 0.28 0.36 1.00 1.00 0.040 0.030 12.0 14.0 — 1.00 —
— —
max.
 BS 2056 : 1991
II

4 Condition of finished wire 6 Method of supply

4.1 The wire shall be free from harmful surface The wire shall be supplied in one of the following
defects. forms:
(a) in coils;
4.2 The wire shall be supplied in the appropriate
condition as given in table 2. (b) on reels;
NOTE. When specified by the purchaser, wire may be supplied (c) in straightened and cut lengths (only
with a metallic or other coating as an aid to forming operations. applicable to wire of 0.25 mm diameter and
These coating requirements should be agreed between the larger).
manufacturer and the purchaser.
NOTE. The tolerance on straightness of the cut lengths should
be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
Table 2. Condition of finished wire
Type of steel Condition 7 Sampling for mechanical tests
Austenitic 301S26 Cold drawn or cold 7.1 General
302S26 drawn and polished All tests shall be made on test pieces taken from
the wire in the condition in which it is to be
Austenitic 316S33 Cold drawn or cold supplied to the purchaser. Apart from any
(medium 316S42 drawn and polished straightening of the test lengths prior to testing,
magnetic they shall not be treated in any way which may
permeability) make them unrepresentative of the bulk of which
they are a sample. Sampling shall be in accordance
Austenitic 305S11 Cold drawn or cold with 7.2, 7.3 or 7.4, as appropriate.
(low magnetic 904S14 drawn and polished NOTE. See clause 10 for retests.
permeability)
7.2 Coils
Precipitation 301S81 Cold drawn or cold A test piece shall be taken from each end of every
hardening drawn and polished coil. If small coils are split from parent coils,
Martensitic 420S45 Free from scale, samples tested from either end of the parent coil
softened or cold drawn will be considered representative providing the
i coils can be identified to the parent coil.
7.3 Reels
5 Low magnetic permeability austenitic A test piece shall be taken from the free outside
stainless steels end of the wire on every reel.
Austenitic stainless steels, 305S11 and 904S14 in 7.4 Straight lengths
the as drawn fully hardened spring temper
condition, shall exhibit low magnetic permeability Wire supplied in straight lengths shall be grouped
as given in table 3. in a bundle or bundles clearly identified with the
coil or coils from which the lengths were cut. Two
NOTE. The magnetic permeability of 305S11 can be further test pieces shall be selected at random from the
reduced by stress relieving the as drawn wire.
lengths as being representative of the product of
Table 3. Magnetic permeability of 305S11 and that coil or wire.
904S14
Type of steel Hard as drawn Stress relieved 8 Mechanical properties
400 °C
8.1 Tensile strength
305S11 1.0105 1.0055
8.1.1 When supplied in coils or reels and tested in
904S14 1.0070 accordance with BS 4545, the tensile strength shall
comply with the range appropriate to the type,
grade and wire diameter given in tables 4, 5 or 6,
or the maximum values in table 7.
BS 2056 : 1991
II

Table 4. Tensile strengths of 301S26, 302S26, 316S33 and 316S42 wire

Diameter Tensile strength
Type 301S26 Type302S26 Types 316S33 and
316S42
Over Up to and Grade I Grade n Grade I Grade n
including
rain. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
mm mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm2
0 0.2 1920 2200 2200 2450 1880 2160 2160 2400 1680 1920
0.2 0.4 1840 2100 2100 2350 1800 2060 2060 2300 1640 1880
0.4 0.7 1750 2000 2000 2240 1720 1960 1960 2200 1600 1840
0.7 1.0 1650 1900 1900 2140 1620 1860 1860 2100 1580 1820
1.0 1.5 1560 1800 1800 2050 1530 1770 1770 2010 1550 1790
1.5 2.0 1460 1700 1700 1950 1430 1670 1670 1910 1460 1700
**A) 2.8 1360 1600 1600 1850 1330 1570 1570 1810 1360 1600
2.8 4.0 1250 1500 1500 1740 1230 1470 1470 1710 1260 1500
4.0 6.0 1200 1450 1400 1640 — — 1370 1610 1100 1340
6.0 8.0 — — 1300 1550 — — 1280 1520 1030 1270
8.0 10.0 —
— 1250 1500 —
— 1230 1470 860 1100

Table 5. lensile strength of 301S81 wire Table 6. Tensile strengths of 305S11 and 904S14
Diameter Tensile strength wire
Over Up to and As supplied in After heat Diameter Tensile strength
including the cold drawn treatment Type 305S11 Type904S14
condition (see 8.1.2)
min. max. min. max. Over Up to and min. max. min. max.
including
mm mm N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 mm mm N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
0.25 0.32 1880 2110 2230 2530 0 0.2 1580 1820 1600 1800
0.32 0.40 1860 2090 2210 2510 0.2 0.4 1540 1780 1550 1750
0.40 0.56 1820 2050 2170 2470 0.4 0.7 1500 1740 1450 1650
56 0.70 1800 2030 2150 2450 0.7 1.0 1480 1720 1400 1600
U70 1.00 1770 2000 2120 2420 1.0 1.5 1450 1690 1350 1550
1.00 1.30 1710 1940 2030 2330 1.5 2.0 1360 1600 1300 1500
1.30 1.70 1650 1880 1970 2270 2.0 2.8 1260 1500 1300 1500
1.70 2.20 1630 1860 1930 2210 2.8 4.0 1160 1400 1300 1500
2.20 2.80 1560 1790 1860 2140 4.0 6.0 1010 1250 1250 1450
2.80 3.40 1500 1730 1800 2080 6.0 8.0 940 1180 1200 1400
3.40 4.00 1460 1690 1760 2040 8.0 10.0 770 1010 1150 1350
4.00 4.50 1420 1650 1720 2000
4.50 5.50 1400 1630 1680 1950 Table 7. Tensile strength of 420S45 wire
5.50 6.00 1380 1610 1660 1930 Condition Tensile strength
6.00 7.50 1350 1580 1600 1870 N/mm2
7.50 8.00 1330 1560 1530 1800 Softened 770 max.
8.00 10.00 1270 1500 1470 1740 Cold drawn 850 max.
NOTE. It is necessary to harden and temper 420S45 wire, after
spring forming, in order to develop the required mechanical
strength and corrosion resistance.
 II
BS 2056 : 1991

For material supplied in straight lengths, the stated Table 8. Values of helix
values of tensile strength given in tables 4, 5, 6 Wire diameter Offset maximum
and 7 shall be reduced by up to 10 %.
Over Up to and
8.1.2 After heat treatment at 480 °C for 1 h, including
followed by cooling in air, the heat treated tensile mm mm mm
strength of 301S81 wire shall be as given in table 5.
0 0.40 60
8.1.3 Martensitic stainless steel wire type 420S45 0.40
shall be supplied in the softened or in the cold 1.00 80
drawn condition to the tensile strength values 1.00 1.75 90
given in table 7. 1.75 10.00 100
8.2 Wrapping
The wrapping test shall be applied to all types of 8.4.3 Spiral cast
wire up to but not including 3 mm diameter in When tested in accordance with C.4, the wap of
accordance with BS 4545. The wire shall not show wire shall not show spiral cast.
sign of fracture when coiled eight complete turns
around a mandrel of diameter equal to that of the 9 Dimensional tolerances
wire (see clause 10).
9.1 Diameter tolerance and ovality
8.3 Flexibility
The minimum and maximum diameters shall be
A single U bend test shall be applied to wire of measured at the same cross section on a straight
3.00 mm and larger diameters. wire. Each measurement shall be within the
When tested in accordance with BS 4545 and tolerance for diameter and ovality given in table 9
appendix B the wire shall not show sign of failure for the appropriate diameter of wire.
(see clause 10). NOTE. Ovality is defined as the difference between the
To avoid the need for an excessive number of sizes minimum and maximum diameters of the wire at the same cross
of mandrel, the wire shall be deemed to have section.
complied with this standard if it is bent around a
mandrel smaller than that specified. Table 9. Tolerances on diameter and ovality
Diameter Diameter tolerance Maximum
8.4 Wire cast ovality
NOTE 1. Details of wire cast measurement are given in Over Up to Coil or Lengths Coil or Lengths
appendix C. and reel reel
including
8.4.1 Circular cast
When measured in accordance with C.2, wire from mm mm mm mm mm mm
a reel shall take up a circular cast of diameter not 0.08 0.20 ± 0.005 ± 0.005 0.005 0.005
less than barrel diameter of the reel and not more 0.20 0.50 ± 0.008 ± 0.008 0.008 0.008
than 2.5 times the barrel diameter.
0.50 0.80 ± 0.010 ± 0.010 0.010 0.010
When measure in accordance with C.2, wire from a
coil shall take up a circular cast of diameter not 0.80 1.40 ± 0.014 ± 0.014 0.014 0.014
less than that of the original coil diameter and not 1.40 1.90 ± 0.020 ± 0.030 0.020 0.030
more than 1.5 times the original coil diameter. 1.90 3.20 ± 0.024 ± 0.034 0.024 0.034
NOTE 2. For certain requirements, wire may be required to pay
out approximately straight and in such circumstances the 3.20 5.60 ± 0.030 ± 0.040 0.030 0.040
requirements for cast should be agreed between the
manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of ordering. 5.60 8.50 ± 0.040 ± 0.050 0.040 0.050
8.4.2 Helix cast 8.50 10.00 ± 0.050 ± 0.070 0.050 0.070
When tested in accordance with C.3, the helix of a 9.2 Straight length tolerances
complete wap of wire, measured as the offset When supplied in straight lengths, the lengths shall
between the two ends of the wire, shall not exceed be not less than those given in the order and shall
the values given in table 8. be within the tolerances given in table 10.
BS2056: 1991 It

Table 10. Tolerances on length of straight 11 Packing and marking

lengths Consignments of wire shall be suitably protected
Length Tolerance against mechanical damage and corrosion during
mm mm transport.
NOTE. If special protection is required this should be agreed at
> 0 < 160 — the time of enquiry or order.
> 160 < 315 +2 Wire in coils or bundles of lengths shall be securely
-0
tied.
> 315 < 500 +3
All consignments shall carry a suitable label or
-0
> 500 < 800 +4 labels on which the following shall be clearly
-0 shown:
> 800 < 1250 +5 (a) the number and date of this British Standard,
-0 i.e. BS 2056 : 19911);
> 1250 < 2000 +7
-0 (b) the steel type number;
S^2000 + 13 (c) the nominal diameter of the wire (in mm);
-0
(d) tensile strength grade (for 301S26 and
NOTE. Tblerances on length of straight lengths less than or 302S26);
equal to 160 mm should be agreed at the time of the enquiry
and order. (e) whether softened or cold drawn (for 420S45);
(f) the manufacturer's name;
10 Retests (g) any other information agreed between
manufacturer and purchaser.
10.1 General
If any test piece fails any of the tests, additional
pieces for retest shall be taken from the
appropriate coil, reel or bundles of lengths
representing the product of a coil in accordance
with 10.2, 10.3 or 10.4, as appropriate.
10.2 Coils
For wire in coil, two additional test pieces shall be
taken from the end from which the previous test
was taken (see 7.2).
NOTE. Part of the coil may be discarded before taking the new
tp"* pieces.
Reels
For wire supplied in reels, two additional test
pieces shall be taken from the free end of the wire
(see 7.3).
10.4 Straight lengths
For wire supplied in straight lengths, four
additional test pieces shall be taken at random
from the same bundle or bundles representing the
product of the coil (see 7.4).
10.5 Results
If the additional test pieces pass all the tests, the
appropriate coil, reel or bundles representing the
product of the coil shall be deemed to comply with
this standard. If any of them fail, the coil, reel or
corresponding bundles shall be deemed not to
comply with this standard.

''Marking BS 2056 : 1991 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer's declaration of conformity, i.e. a. claim by or on
behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is therefore solely
the responsibility of the person making the claim. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of
conformity, which may also be desirable.
 BS 2056: 1991

Appendices

Appendix A. Product analysis and The variations may occur either above or below the
permitted variations individual element ranges but shall not be applied
both above and below the specified range for any
A.I Analysis of the product may vary from the one element in any one cast of steel.
cast analysis owing to the heterogeneity arising A.2 If the product analysis of any wire falls
during the casting and solidification of the ingot. outside the limits of acceptable variation from the
Table 11 shows the permitted variations in product specified composition range for a significant
analysis. element, that wire shall be deemed not to comply
with this standard, and further samples shall be
Table 11. Permitted variations of product selected for check analysis from the remainder of
analysis from specified range the consignment, as follows:
Element Range in which Variation of specified (a) at least two samples from the same cast, for
maximum of specified range consignments up to and including 5 t;
element fails (b) at least five samples from the same cast, for
Over Under
maximum minimum consignments up to and including 20 t;
(c) at least eight samples from the same cast, for
* consignments over 20 t.
C <0.03 0.005 The results of the analysis of these samples shall
fall within the permitted variations. If any of these
> 0.03 < 0.25 0.01 0.01 further samples are proved to be outside the
permitted variations for any element, the
> 0.25 < 0.50 0.02 0.02 consignment shall be deemed not to comply with
this standard.
Si < 1.0 0.05 0.05
A.3 Samples for product analysis shall be taken in
> 1.0 0.07 0.07 accordance with BS 1837 and, in the event of
dispute, analysed in accordance with the
Mn < 1.0 0.03 0.03 appropriate methods of BS 6200.
> 1.0 < 2.0 0.04 0.04
P > 0.030 < 0.045 0.004 —
Appendix B. Bend test
B.I In carrying out the test, the wire shall be free
S < 0.030 0.003 — to move longitudinally in the forming device.
Cr > 10.0 < 15.0 0.15 0.15 B.2 Bend the wire through 180 ° to form a U
around a mandrel of diameter equal to twice the
> 15.0 < 20.0 0.20 0.20 wire diameter for wire diameters from 3.00 mm to
> 20.0 0.25 0.25 6.00 mm and equal to three times the wire
diameter for wire diameters over 6.00 mm.
Mo > 2.0 < 3.0 0.08 0.08
> 3.0 < 5.0 0.10 0.10
Ni < 1.0 0.03 0.03
> 5.0 < 10.0 0.10 0.10
> 10.0 < 20.0 0.15 0.15
> 20.0 0.20 0.20
Al < 1.50 0.10 0.10
Cu All ranges 0.10 0.10
BS 2056 : 1991 II

Appendix C. Wire cast measurement

C.I General
C.1.1 The cast of wire is characterized by the
diameter of the free laying unrestrained wap of
wire taken from coil or reel. For coil, ends can be
together (closed cast) or apart (open cast).
NOTE. For retests, see clause 10.
C.1.2 Sufficient wire from a coil or reel is cut off
to produce a full free wap (single convolution of
wire) ensuring that it is not bent or damaged
(see figure 1).
Figure 3. Open circular cast

C.3 Helix cast

Tb measure the displacement of the cut ends at
Take several waps right angles to the wap suspend the wap from the
(cumulations of wire) mid-point of a piece of rod or a pencil, etc., so that
and at one point cut the cut ends are at the lowest point and the two
the sample to provide ends hang free diametrically below the point of
an unrestrained wap suspension. Measure the separation of the ends at
right angles to the plane of the wap (see figure 4).

Figure 1. Sampling of wire

C.2 Circular ring cast

Tb measure circular cast, being the inside diameter
of the wap, place the wap on a flat horizontal
surface and measure the average diameter.
(See figures 2 and 3 which also show the definition
o{ sed and open circular cast.)

NOTE. Wap is suspended vertically and horizontal

displacement of cut ends (cast open or closed) is
measured.
diameter cut ends
touching Figure 4. Helix : vertical placement

Figure 2. Closed circular cast

 BS 2056 : 1991 II

C.4 Spiral cast

Tb assess spiral cast, place the wap on a flat
horizontal surface and check whether there is any
horizontal displacement between the ends of the
wap (see figure 5).
NOTE. Spiral cast is the term used when one end of the wap is
curling inside the natural diameter of the wap. It is possible that
a wap of wire in this condition will also exhibit vertical
displacement (helix) (see figure 4).

NOTE. Wap is laid on flat surface and any horizontal

displacement of cut ends is assessed.
Figure 5. Spiral cast
 II

Publication(s) referred to
BS 1837 Methods for the sampling of iron, steel, permanent magnet alloys and ferro-alloys
BS 4545 Methods for mechanical testing of steel wire
BS 6200 Sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals
BS2056: 1991
it
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9106 —6—0.8k-B ISM/26