RAFPLES INSTEPUTION H2 Mathematics 9758 2017 Year 6 nd Regressic Correlat Section A (Basic Questions) 1 w wy © Three sets of bivariate data have been plotted on scatter diagrams, as illustrated. In each diagram the product moment correlation coefficient takes one of the values -1, -0.8, 0, 0.8, 1. State the appropriate value of the correlation coefficient corresponding to the scatter diagrams (A), (B) and (C). 2 Explain why it is advisable to draw a scatter diagram before interpreting a correlation coefficient calculated for a sample drawn from a bivariate distribution nu Sketch a scatter diagram that shows an obvious relation between two variables but which yields a linear product-moment correlation coefficient that is close to zero. i} 3 ns, of catalyst used in a chemical reaction and the resulting times, y hours, taken to complete the reaction were recorded. The results are given in the following table. 30 35 40 45 50 62.1 51.2 44.1 39.2 35.0 37.3 33.0 ‘a Calculate the value of the product moment correlation coefficient for the data. State what your value indicates about the relation between and y, and what you expect about the imple. catter diagram from thi [ (api) -0.925] Tutorial S6: Correlation and Regression Page | of 102017 Year 6 Raffles Institution 112 Mathematics 4 The following data is collected from a tial of a weedhiller jv [1 | 20] x0 | 40 | so | oo | 7 | x0 | 90 [oe fae fe far fortis fas pu te fa] Trial field areas, each of area | hectare, were treated with different volumes of weedkiller The volume of weedkiller applied, is v litres, and v is the number of weeds found in the corresponding hectare after the weedkiller is applied e of «ony inthe form x= a+ by Calculate the equation of the regression | Use your answer to estimate the number of weeds that would be found in an area of 1 hectare treated with 35 litres of weedkiller Interpret the coetticient 4 in the conteat of volume of weedkiller and the number of weeds. Give a reason why a may not necessarily give the expected number of weeds per hectare when no weedkiller is used, e Explain why in this context a linear model would probably not be appropriate for large values of ¥ [x =43.4-0.4lv; 29] 5 The variables x and y are believed to be linearly related and a set of values of x and y are obtained experimentally. Both variables are subject to experimental error. State circumstances under which the regression line of x ony should be used, rather than the regression line of y on x, when the value of one variable is to be estimated from a given value of the other. suitable ut The heart rate (r) and diastolic blood pressure (y ), bot . Were measured for each of 10 hospital patients after being given a certain drug. The results were as follows. eet x 49 1 54 58 63 64 68 70 75 78 90 88 85 91 82 85 76 77 70 71 (i) By referring to the scatter diagram of the data obtained using your GC, state what e the scatter diagram indicates about the correlation between x and y'. Gi) Calculate the equation of the estimated least square regression line of yon x in the form y=a+be, giving the values of a and b correct to 3 significant figures. Use a suitable regression line to estimate the heart rate when the diastolie blood pressure ea reason why it might be unwise to use either of the regression lines to estimate the diastolic blood pressure when the heart rate is 90. (iv) Find the product moment correlation coefficient for the data and state, giving a reason, whether ‘your statement in part (i). [ i)» =126-0.704.. (iii) 64.8, (iv) -0.919] value ¢ relation and Regression Page 2 of 10Raffles Institution H2 Mathematies 6 2017 Year 6 . ts given by the formula The radiation intensity 7 at ime ¢, from a P= Ae", where /, and & are constants. Show that the relation between In/- and ¢ is linear. The following data were obtained from a particular source. The values of ¢ may be act, while the values of / are subject to experimental error considered to be 02 04 06 08 10 3.22 1.03 0.89 OAL 0.36 nv of the estimated regression line of In/ on ¢ and hence give wo estimates for 1, and A Calculate the radiation intensity that would be expected at time £= 0.5 Calculate the product moment correlation coefficient between ¢ and In (iy) Explain why it is appropriate to use the regression equation obtained in (i) to 7 =1.5. Obtain this value. estimate the value of ¢ whe [Inf =-2.88/+1.65, fy =5.23, k =2.88, (if) 1.24, (iii) 0.984, (iv) 0.433 | For a random sample of 12 observations of pairs of values (x,y), the equation of the regression line of y on x is y=4.82-2.25x. The sum of the 12 values of x is 20.64 and the product moment correlation coefficient for the sample is -0.3. ji Find the sum of the 12 values of y . (ii) Find the estimated value of y when x=2.8 and comment on the reliability of this estimate, 1@ 114, (i) -1.48] 6: Correlation and Regression Page 3 of 10Raffles Institution 12 Mathematic 2017 Year 6 8 9740/2008/02/Q8 A certain metal discolours when exposed te air Lo protect the it iy treated with a chemical In were applied to standard samples of the metal, and the discolour were measured. The results are given in th tal against discolouring, experiment, different quantities, «inl, of the chemical for the metal to [2 | 20 | a7 [aw | ae | se | oo [+ 2.2 45 | 58 | 73 76 | 90 | 99 (Calculate the product moment correlation coefficient between «and ¢ and explain whether your answer suggests that linear model is appropriate BI (ii) Draw a seater diayraim for the data (1 One of the values of 1 appears to be incorreet Indicate the corresponding point on your diagram by labelling it, and explain why the seater diagram for the t ing points may be consistent with a model of the form f= a+ bInx (2) (iv) Omitting?’ calculate least squares estimates of and b for the mode f= a+b In.x (21 (vy) Assume that the value of wat P is correct. Estimate the value of ¢ for this value of x ty (vi) Comment on the use of the model in part (iv) in predicting the value of ¢ when x=80 uy 10.970, Gii) P(4.8,7.6), (iv) a= 1.42, b=4.40,(v) 83 | 9 8863/2008/01/Q11 An engineering company makes cranes. The numbers, x, sold in each three-month period for two years, together with the profits, y thousand dollars, on the sale of these cranes are given in the following table. [x 15 7 [13 [21 J 16 | 2 14 18 [oy] 200 | 350 [270 | 430 | 340 | 410 | 300 [360 (Give a sketch of the scatter diagram for the data as shown in your calculator. [2] (ii) Find ¥ and j, and mark the point (¥, 7) on your scatter diagram. (2) (ii) Calculate the equation of the regression line of y on x, and draw this line on your seatter diagran 2 (iv) Calculate the product moment correlation, and comment on its value in relation to your scatter diagram. 2 (v) For the next three-month period, the sales target is 20 cranes. Estimate the corresponding profit. (2) (vi) The company’s sales dir in (iii) to predict the profit if 40 cranes were to be sold in a three-month period. Comment on the validity of this prediction. 21 [¥=17,7 =344 (iii) y =17.1e+53.3 (iv) 0.969 (v) $395,000] tor uses the regression Tutorial S6: Correlation and Regression Page 4 of 10Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 2017 Year 10 9740/2010/02/Q10 A car is placed ina wind tunnel appropriate units is recorded. The results are showt I the dray force F for different wind speeds v, in vf ofa [x | 2 fw | 2 | [ow] 2 | aw] roo [2st si | xs | a2] is] v6 | 20] are fas | i) Draw the seater diagram for these values, labelling the axes clearly Ry Itis thought that the drag force F can be modelled by one of the formulae Feathy or Feetdy where a, b, © and dare constants. Find, correct to 4 decimal places, the value of the product moment correlation coefficient between (a) v and F, (b) Wand F 2) Use your answers to parts (i) and (ii) to explain which of F = a+ by or B= 6-4 dv’ is the better model. a (iv) Itis required to estimate the value of v for which F = 26.0. Find the equation of a why neither nd the required estimate. Expl suitable regression line, and use it to the regression line of v on F nor the regression line of v’ on F should be used. 14) {Gi () 0.9860 ,(b) 0.9907 , (ivy =30.7 | i 9740/2013/02/Q10 (Sketch a scatter diagram that might be expected when x and y are related approximately as given in each of the cases (A), (B) and (C) below. In each case your diagram should include 6 points approximately equally spaced with respect to x, and with all x- and y-values positive. The letters a, 6, c, d, ¢ and f represent constants, (A) y=a-bx*, where a is positive and b is negative, (B) y=c+dinx, where c is positive and d is negative, ©) y=e+£, where e is positive and fis negative, BI x A motoring website gives the following about the distance travelled, y km, by a certain type of car at different speeds, x kmh, ona _ a8 [96 120 128 Distance,y [148 [147 126 107 Draw the scatter diagram for thes 1) Explain which of the three cases in part (i) is the most appropriate for modelling these values, and calculate the product moment correlation coefficient for this case. QI (iy) tis required to estimate the distance travelled at a speed of 110 kmh. Use the case that you identified in part (iii) to find the equation of a suitable regression line, and uuse your equation to find the required estimate. BI [dii) (A), -0.939 (iv) y = 190-0.00462x", 134km] ‘Tutorial $6: Correlation ai Page 5 of 10