Magazine Journalism

The Magazine Industry – What is

a Magazine?
The Word Magazine is coined by the Edward Cave. It is derived from the
Arabic word ‘makhazin’ which means storehouse- all bundled together in
one package. A magazine can be explained as a periodical that contains a
variety of articles as well as illustrations, which are of entertaining,
promotional and instructive nature. It generally contains essays, stories,
poems, articles, fiction, recipes, images, etc. and offers a more
comprehensive, in-depth coverage and analysis of subject than
newspapers. Most of the magazines generally cover featured articles on
various topics.
Magazines are typically published weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, bi-monthly or
quarterly. They are often printed in color on coated paper and are bound
with a softcover. In a simple, we can say that ‘the better the visual narrative
of the magazine, the more it will appeal to its specific audience’. The
publisher’s purpose for a magazine is to give its advertisers a chance to
share with its readers about their products.

Magazine Journalism
Magazine Journalism uses similar tools as traditional journalism tools
used for gathering information, background research and writing to
produce articles for consumer and trade magazines. The cover story is the
beacon in any magazine. The cover page quite often carries stunning
headlines to facilitate a compulsive buying of th e magazine.
 
History and development
the earliest example of magazines was Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen, a
literary and philosophy magazine, which was launched in 1663 in Germany.
[9]
 The Gentleman's Magazine, first published in 1731 in London was the first
general-interest magazine.[10] Edward Cave, who edited The Gentleman's
Magazine under the pen name "Sylvanus Urban," was the first to use the term
"magazine," on the analogy of a military storehouse.[11] Founded by Herbert
Ingram in 1842, The Illustrated London News was the
first illustrated magazine.[10]

 A person named Edward cave published the first English periodical

magazine named Gentleman’s magazine founded in 1731. His
publication contained everything from essays and poems to stories and
political musings.
 The first American magazine was Andrew Bradford’s American
magazine  and Benjamin Franklin’s General Magazine in 1741.
 The first magazine for young girls, the young Misses
Magazine appeared in 1806.
 The first famous American women’s magazine, Godey’s Lady’s
Book was published in 1830.
 The first printed magazine in the Malayalam language –
the Jnananikshepam – was published from Central Travancore in 1848.
 Improvements in printing techniques by 1890 as well as the
increased use of advertising made possible lower production costs for
the magazines. This, in turn, caused a boom in their circulation.
 Time Magazine came up in 1923, while Newsweek in 1933. The idea
behind these magazines was to keep in touch with the fast-changing
conditions around the world.
 Vanitha is an Indian magazine launched in 1975 and published
fortnightly by the Malayala Manorama group.
 The 1980s saw a boom in the publication of the magazine in India not
only English but in Indian languages as well.
 The first breakthrough in the Indian magazine industry was made by
Stardust which ended the old fan-magazine culture of film journalism.
  The second breakthrough, India Today which covered politics and
social trends and it was India’s first successful attempt at quality, up-
market serious journalism.
 Today, India has become a glorious storehouse of both general
interest and specialized magazines which include Outlook, Frontline,
Femina, Competition Success Review and Vanitha that have been quite
successful in catching the attention and imagination of people.
 Some of the popular weeklies in Malayalam such as Mangalam and
Malayala Manorama have exceeded the million mark in circulation.
 .The other major Malayalam periodicals include Mathrubhumi weekly,
Madhyamam weekly, Kala Kaumudi, Dhanam, Samakalika Malayalam
weekly, etc.
 The best-known children magazine was Stnicholas.
 And in the age of the Internet, most magazines are also printing its
online version along with the printed form.
Types of Magazine
Today, there are thousands of magazines worldwide. They inspire, inform,
educate and entertain audiences across the globe. Magazines are
classified in terms of languages and the target audience’s interest. There
are different genres of magazines. Each magazine has its own
characteristics like some of the popular magazine provides a broad
overview of the topics, scholarly journals provide about the depth analysis
with research findings and similarly, trade magazines provide the details of
industry trends and new products.

Some of the magazine’s categories are listed below with examples which
will clear the whole concepts.
 General Interest Magazine – The main purpose of a general interest
magazine is to provide information for the general audience. No
background knowledge or expertise is assumed. Examples- Time,
Newsweek, Outlook, India Today and The Week.
 Special Interest Magazine– This is directed at specific groups of
readers with common interests. Example- Golf Digest carries only
stories related to golf, Grihalekshmi, Vanitha, etc.
 We can categorize some special interest magazines into the following
genres based on their content and target audience:
 Business Magazine Magazine – Forbes, The Economist
 Sports Magazine– Sports Star, Cricket today, Runner’s World
 Children’s magazine– Champak, Disney Princess, Chanda Mama
 Women Magazine– Femina, Woman’s Era, Naari.com
 Entertainment Magazine– Stardust, Filmfare
 Science Magazine – National Geographic, Chemistry Today,
 Health Magazine– Muscle & Fitness, Psychology Today
 Educational Magazine– Competition Success Review, Samanya Gyan
Darpan
 IT Magazine– Electronics For You, Digit
 Auto Magazine– Autocar, TopGear, Over Drive
 Career Magazine – Careers 360, Verbe
 Crime Magazine – Crime & Detective, Real Crime
 Photography Magazine– Digital Camera, Photo Plus
 Fashion Magazine– Vogue, InStyle

Magazine Categories
The most common category of magazines is the general interest publication.
These types of magazines are written for a general audience of everyday people.
They typically cover a broad range of topics, like food, fashion, entertainment, or
home and gardening. General interest magazines have a combination of stories,
pictures, and advertising and are bound together with a glossy cover. Common
magazine titles in the general interest category include things like People, Good
Housekeeping, and The New York Times Magazine.
The other big category of magazines is the special interest collection, with
topics that are specific to a particular audience. If you're a fan of fishing, cooking,
computers, or photography, there is likely a special interest magazine out there
 that you would enjoy. Like general interest consumer magazines, these are
widely available to the public at large.
A third category of magazines are professional in nature, meaning that they
contain content for very niche groups of people, such as doctors, bankers, or
marketers.
Under the umbrella of magazine categories, you'll find various types of
publications, with titles to suit everyone's tastes.

Consumer Magazines
Many consumer magazines are part of the general interest category of
publications. These are magazines covering the news, celebrity and
entertainment, business, family, fashion, and men's or women's topics,
sometimes all within one issue. These are the types of magazines you'll see at
your local superstores and on the shelves of airport convenience stores. Titles
you may recognize include Time, Vogue, and Reader's Digest.
Inside of each consumer magazine, you'll find topics ranging from the arts to
book reviews, business and social issues, gossip, fashion ideas, and more.
These types of publications tend to have the largest numbers of readers.
Special interest magazines, while still consumer-oriented, focus on a specific
topic throughout their issues. Examples of these kinds of magazines
include Sports Illustrated, Outdoor Photographer, or Chess Life.

 Specialist magazines
 Specialist magazines are the overlooked engine room of
UK publishing. UK specialist magazine publishers offer titles
that have authority and an ever changing formula covering
areas as diverse as railway modelling and knitting. Much of its
dynamism is a result of intense competition. Independent
publishers are able to compete with the large publishers on a
level playing field without being significantly disadvantaged
when it comes to promoting with major retailers or through
Royal Mail. However the amount of money they have to spend
 marketing their brands, is often much less. For them, a
strategy to promote specialist magazine brands has to be
clearly thought through, accurately budgeted and monitored to
reduce the risk of wasting money.

Identifiable audience

Specialist magazines have one significant advantage over

mass market magazines: a readily identified and relatively
easily reached audience. Readers of a game fishing magazine
will have certain things in common: they either like the idea
of, or actually do catch fish with a fly on the end of their line;
they attend the same events each year and buy products from
the same companies. This means that there are a number of
channels to reach potential new purchasers of your magazines,
and it can be done much more cheaply than the television
adverts required if you are selling Zoo or Nuts. The
disadvantage is that you will probably need to be creative to
reach these people and from time to time it will be difficult to
directly monitor the effectiveness of the strategy.

Having worked in magazine distribution for over ten years and

having also been a publisher in that time, I have lost count of
the number of times that clients and colleagues have looked
exasperated and said that they are told all the time that
potential readers have never seen a copy of their magazine.
Probably what the majority of these punters are too polite to
admit to the publisher is that they have never heard of the
magazine before. So the challenge for specialist magazine
publishers is to step out of the shadow of the market leader
and build awareness of the brand amongst potential readers. A
simple way to do this is to identify all the routes you could use
to reach your potential readers. For instance:

* Purchasers of a rival title

* Purchasers of other publications that have sections that are
read by your readers
* Clubs and societies that have memberships
* Events that your readership or advertisers attend
* Locations that your readership live in or visit
* PR opportunities

Inevitably some of these routes won’t be available to you; for

example many market leaders guard their subscription lists
jealously and won’t take advertising from rivals. But think
creatively - if you are a motoring magazine publisher in a
niche area, why not consider advertising in car listings and
mart titles?
 Business to business

Business-to-Business (B2B)

What Is Business-to-Business (B2B)?

Business-to-business (B2B), also called B-to-B, is a form of
transaction between businesses, such as one involving a
manufacturer and wholesaler, or a wholesaler and a retailer.
Business-to-business refers to business that is conducted
between companies, rather than between a company and
individual consumer. Business-to-business stands in contrast
to business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-
government (B2G) transactions.
 
 Academic journals
An academic or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in
which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published.
Academic journals serve as permanent and transparent forums for the
presentation, scrutiny, and discussion of research. They are usually peer-
reviewed or refereed.[1] Content typically takes the form of articles
presenting original research, review articles, and book reviews. The purpose of
an academic journal, according to Henry Oldenburg (the first editor
of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society), is to give researchers a
venue to "impart their knowledge to one another, and contribute what they can to
the Grand design of improving natural knowledge, and perfecting all
Philosophical Arts, and Sciences."[2]
The term academic journal applies to scholarly publications in all fields; this
article discusses the aspects common to all academic field journals. Scientific
journals and journals of the quantitative social sciences vary in form and function
from journals of the humanities and qualitative social sciences; their specific
aspects are separately discussed.
The first academic journal was Journal des sçavans (January 1665), followed
soon after by Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (March 1665),
and Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences (1666). The first fully peer-
reviewed journal was Medical Essays and Observations (1733).[3]

Histor

Adrien Auzout's "A TABLE of the Apertures of Object-Glasses" from a 1665

article in Philosophical Transactions, showing a table
The idea of a published journal with the purpose of "[letting] people know what is
happening in the Republic of Letters" was first conceived by François Eudes de
Mézeray in 1663. A publication titled Journal littéraire général was supposed to
be published to fulfill that goal, but never was. Humanist scholar Denis de
Sallo (under the pseudonym "Sieur de Hédouville") and printer Jean Cusson took
Mazerai's idea, and obtained a royal privilege from King Louis XIV on 8 August
1664 to establish the Journal des sçavans. The journal's first issue was published
 on 5 January 1665. It was aimed at people of letters, and had four main
objectives:[4]

1. review newly published major European books,

2. publish the obituaries of famous people,
3. report on discoveries in arts and science, and
4. report on the proceedings and censures of both secular and ecclesiastical
courts, as well as those of Universities both in France and outside.
Soon after, the Royal Society established Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society in March 1665, and the Académie des Sciences established
the Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences in 1666, which more strongly focused
on scientific communications.[5] By the end of the 18th century, nearly 500 such
periodicals had been published,[6] the vast majority coming from Germany (304
periodicals), France (53), and England (34). Several of those publications,
however, and in particular the German journals, tended to be short-lived (under 5
years). A.J. Meadows has estimated the proliferation of journal to reach 10,000
journals in 1950, and 71,000 in 1987. However, Michael Mabe warns that the
estimates will vary depending on the definition of what exactly counts as a
scholarly publication, but that the growth rate has been "remarkably consistent
over time", with an average rate of 3.46% per year from 1800 to 2003.[7]
In 1733, Medical Essays and Observations was established by the Medical
Society of Edinburgh as the first fully peer-reviewed journal.[3] Peer review was
introduced as an attempt to increase the quality and pertinence of submissions.
[8]
 Other important events in the history of academic journals include the
establishment of Nature (1869) and Science (1880), the establishment
of Postmodern Culture in 1990 as the first online-only journal, the foundation
of arXiv in 1991 for the dissemination of preprints to be discussed prior to
publication in a journal, and the establishment of PLOS One in 2006 as the
first megajournal.[3]

Scholarly articles
There are two kinds of article or paper submissions in academia: solicited, where
an individual has been invited to submit work either through direct contact or
through a general submissions call, and unsolicited, where an individual submits
a work for potential publication without directly being asked to do so.[9] Upon
receipt of a submitted article, editors at the journal determine whether to reject
the submission outright or begin the process of peer review. In the latter case,
the submission becomes subject to review by outside scholars of the editor's
choosing who typically remain anonymous. The number of these peer reviewers
(or "referees") varies according to each journal's editorial practice – typically, no
fewer than two, though sometimes three or more, experts in the subject matter of
 the article produce reports upon the content, style, and other factors, which
inform the editors' publication decisions. Though these reports are generally
confidential, some journals and publishers also practice public peer review. The
editors either choose to reject the article, ask for a revision and resubmission, or
accept the article for publication. Even accepted articles are often subjected to
further (sometimes considerable) editing by journal editorial staff before they
appear in print. The peer review can take from several weeks to several months.

Review articles

Review articles, also called "reviews of progress," are checks on the research
published in journals. Some journals are devoted entirely to review articles, some
contain a few in each issue, and others do not publish review articles. Such
reviews often cover the research from the preceding year, some for longer or
shorter terms; some are devoted to specific topics, some to general surveys.
Some reviews are enumerative, listing all significant articles in a given subject;
others are selective, including only what they think worthwhile. Yet others are
evaluative, judging the state of progress in the subject field. Some journals are
published in series, each covering a complete subject field year, or covering
specific fields through several years. Unlike original research articles, review
articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years in advance.
They are typically relied upon by students beginning a study in a given field, or
for current awareness of those already in the field.[11]
Book reviews
Not to be confused with Literary book review.
Reviews of scholarly books are checks upon the research books published by
scholars; unlike articles, book reviews tend to be solicited. Journals typically have
a separate book review editor determining which new books to review and by
whom. If an outside scholar accepts the book review editor's request for a book
review, he or she generally receives a free copy of the book from the journal in
exchange for a timely review. Publishers send books to book review editors in
the hope that their books will be reviewed. The length and depth of research
book reviews varies much from journal to journal, as does the extent of textbook
and trade book review.[12]

Prestige and ranking[edit]

Main article: Journal ranking
An academic journal's prestige is established over time, and can reflect many
factors, some but not all of which are expressible quantitatively. In
 each academic discipline, there are dominant journals that receive the largest
number of submissions, and therefore can be selective in choosing their content.
Yet, not only the largest journals are of excellent quality.[13]
In the natural sciences and in the social sciences, the impact factor is an
established proxy, measuring the number of later articles citing articles already
published in the journal. There are other quantitative measures of prestige, such
as the overall number of citations, how quickly articles are cited, and the average
"half-life" of articles. Clarivate Analytics' Journal Citation Reports, which among
other features, computes an impact factor for academic journals, draws data for
computation from the Science Citation Index Expanded (for natural science
journals), and from the Social Sciences Citation Index (for social science
journals).[13] Several other metrics are also used, including the SCImago Journal
Rank, CiteScore, Eigenfactor, and Altmetrics.
In the Anglo-American humanities, there is no tradition (as there is in the
sciences) of giving impact-factors that could be used in establishing a journal's
prestige. Recent moves have been made by the European Science Foundation
(ESF) to change the situation, resulting in the publication of preliminary lists for
the ranking of academic journals in the humanities.[13] These rankings have been
severely criticized, notably by history and sociology of science British journals
that have published a common editorial entitled "Journals under
Threat."[14] Though it did not prevent ESF and some national organizations from
proposing journal rankings, it largely prevented their use as evaluation tools.[15]
In some disciplines such as knowledge management/intellectual capital, the lack
of a well-established journal ranking system is perceived by academics as "a
major obstacle on the way to tenure, promotion and achievement recognition".
[16]
 Conversely, a significant number of scientists and organizations consider the
pursuit of impact factor calculations as inimical to the goals of science, and have
signed the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment to limit its use.
The categorization of journal prestige in some subjects has been attempted,
typically using letters to rank their academic world importance.[citation needed]
Three categories of techniques have developed to assess journal quality and
create journal rankings:[17]

 stated preference;
 revealed preference; and
 publication power approaches[18]

Costs[edit]
Main article: Academic publishing § Publishers and business aspects
See also: Scientific journal § Cost
 Many academic journals are subsidized by universities or professional
organizations, and do not exist to make a profit. However, they often accept
advertising, page and image charges from authors to pay for production costs.
On the other hand, some journals are produced by commercial publishers who
do make a profit by charging subscriptions to individuals and libraries. They may
also sell all of their journals in discipline-specific collections or a variety of other
packages.[19]
Journal editors tend to have other professional responsibilities, most often as
teaching professors. In the case of the largest journals, there are paid staff
assisting in the editing. The production of the journals is almost always done by
publisher-paid staff. Humanities and social science academic journals are usually
subsidized by universities or professional organization.[20]
The cost and value proposition of subscription to academic journals is being
continuously re-assessed by institutions worldwide. In the context of the big
deal cancellations by several library systems in the world,[21] data analysis tools
like Unpaywall Journals are used by libraries to estimate the specific cost and
value of the various options: libraries can avoid subscriptions for materials
already served by instant open access via open archives like PubMed Central.[22]

New development
The Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic
journals, with their contents available online via services subscribed to
by academic libraries. Individual articles are subject-indexed in databases such
as Google Scholar. Some of the smallest, most specialized journals are prepared
in-house, by an academic department, and published only online – such form of
publication has sometimes been in the blog format though some, like the open
access journal Internet Archaeology, use the medium to embed searchable
datasets, 3D models, and interactive mapping.[23] Currently, there is a movement
in higher education encouraging open access, either via self archiving, whereby
the author deposits a paper in a disciplinary or institutional repository where it
can be searched for and read, or via publishing it in a free open access journal,
which does not charge for subscriptions, being either subsidized or financed by
a publication fee. Given the goal of sharing scientific research to speed
advances, open access has affected science journals more than humanities
journals.[24] Commercial publishers are experimenting with open access models,
but are trying to protect their subscription revenues.[25]
The much lower entry cost of on-line publishing has also raised concerns of an
increase in publication of "junk" journals with lower publishing standards. These
journals, often with names chosen as similar to well-established publications,
solicit articles via e-mail and then charge the author to publish an article, often
with no sign of actual review. Jeffrey Beall, a research librarian at the University
of Colorado, has compiled a list of what he considers to be "potential, possible, or
probable predatory scholarly open-access publishers"; the list numbered over
300 journals as of April 2013, but he estimates that there may be thousands.
[26]
 The OMICS Publishing Group, which publishes a number of the journals on
this list, has threatened to sue Beall.[27]
Some academic journals use the registered report format, which aims to
counteract issues such as data dredging and hypothesizing after the results are
known. For example, Nature Human Behaviour has adopted the registered report
format, as it "shift[s] the emphasis from the results of research to the questions
that guide the research and the methods used to answer them".[28] The European
Journal of Personality defines this format: "In a registered report, authors create
a study proposal that includes theoretical and empirical background, research
questions/hypotheses, and pilot data (if available). Upon submission, this
proposal will then be reviewed prior to data collection, and if accepted, the paper
resulting from this peer-reviewed procedure will be published, regardless of the
study outcomes."[29]

Lists of Academic Journals[edit]

Wikipedia has many Lists of Academic Journals by discipline, such as List of

African Studies Journals and List of Forestry Journals. The largest database
providing detailed information about journals is Ulrichs Global Serials Directory.
Other databases providing detailed information about journals are the Modern
Language Association Directory of Periodicals and Genamics JournalSeek.
Journal hosting websites like Project MUSE, JSTOR, Pubmed, Ingenta Web of
Science, and Informaworld also provide journal lists. Some sites evaluate
journals, providing information such as how long a journal takes to review articles
and what types of articles it publishes.[note 1]


 National and regional titles
 Structure of magazine companies
   

The above layout describes the usual hierarchy of the organization of the magazine.

Creating a successful magazine is a joint team effort. The

major two departments of a magazine are editorial
department and business and advertising department.

Editorial Department

Functions-
Magazines hire editors to make sure that each issue is
completed and released on time. The editors select articles,
edit them and arrange them on the page. They generally do
not write articles; however, they monitor and revise the
content of articles that are written by staff or freelance
writers. They may also write headlines and captions and
choose photographs to accompany the articles. Editorial
assistants are responsible for answering letters, doing
research, fact-checking and screening pieces submitted to
the magazine. The final approval of the magazine is the
responsibility of the editor-in-chief, who also may
contribute editorials, short essays that express the
magazine's point of view on current subjects of interest.

The following is the structure of the editorial department-

Editor in Chief
The chief editor oversees the whole content and makes
sure the flow of the magazine is seamless. As a top editor,
this person is responsible for making all the final decisions
and is constantly getting reports from the managing
editor, creative director and the executive editor.

Managing Editor
The managing editor is second highest to the editor in
chief and is usually in charge of enforcing deadlines,
following the editorial calendar and making sure daily
tasks are being accomplished by each person, though
responsibilities differ from publication to publication.
Some managing editors also plan the budget for the
magazine. The managing editor is in charge of producing
each issue of the magazine. Not only does this person need
to stay on top of the production of the upcoming issue, but
he or she must also think several issues ahead. A
Christmas issue, for instance, should be planned during
the summer.

Creative Director
The creative director is in charge of the visual aspect of the
magazine and is constantly communicating back and forth
with the chief editor. His or her main task is in creating
cover concepts and directing photo shoots. This vision is
then translated into the layout by the art director, who
works in conjunction with the photo editor.

Executive Editor
The executive editor selects the writers, assigns them
stories and edits their articles. He or she usually writes the
larger stories and the cover headlines that must be short,
sweet and catchy. However, in larger magazines, the
executive editor may have a staff of editors to oversee such
as the features editor and a specializing editor (e.g.,
fashion or technology).

Editor
The editor is in charge of the non-advertising content of
the magazine. The editor’s job is to see that the magazine
stays true to its vision so that it will continue to appeal to
subscribers and advertisers.

Section editor
A section editor is in charge of the staff of a section of the
magazine. This editor makes assignments and controls the
budget of the section and is responsible for what the
section produces. Depending on its content and
organization, a magazine may have several sections.

Design editor
The design editor, sometimes called art director, is in
charge of the overall look of the magazine. This editor may
have several designers or artists working in the section to
lay out the magazine. One of the most important jobs of
the design editor is to commission the cover of a magazine
– often done by a freelance artist.

Online editor
This person is in charge of the web site of the magazine.
Magazine web sites are used not only to display a
magazine’s editorial content but also to attract and sign up
subscribers.
Writers/contributing editors
These people are paid staff members and are expected to
produce certain kinds of copy and articles for each issue of
the magazine. Most magazines have relatively free writers
on staff.

Copy Editor
A copy editor is one of the few who reads the magazine
thoroughly from cover to cover. He or she makes sure the
publication has no errors in spelling or grammar and that
there is no libel. The copyeditor is charged with reading all
of the editorial copy that appears in the magazine to make
sure it is properly written and factually correct.

Assistants
An editorial assistant writes small sections, answers calls,
makes the coffee and does whatever the editor assigns on a
day-to-day basis. An assistant editor has more experience,
is given more responsibilities and gets paid higher but is
still in the assisting role. 

ROLE OF THE EDITOR

1) He decides what will appear in the magazine’s editorial
pages.
2) He keeps the words and images in the magazine
consistent with the magazine’s editorial mission.
3) His main concern is to satisfy the needs of the
magazine’s audience/readers.
4) His basic job is to oversee the editorial direction and
content of the magazine.

Business and Advertising Department

The Publisher
A magazine publisher is the “general manager” for a
magazine, responsible for ensuring the financial health of
the magazine.
He is in charge of the business aspect of the magazine and
is in constant communication with the
marketing/promotional director and the associate
publisher, who oversees the advertising. Some publishers
also serve as editors, but it’s common for a publisher  to
keep a “hands off” policy regarding editorial to prevent
conflict-of-interest—for example, to keep the desire to
please certain advertisers from influencing editorial
content.

Associate Publisher
The associate publisher heads the advertising team, makes
sales strategies and reports the advertising numbers to the
publisher.

Advertising Director
The ad director reports to the associate publisher and
manages account executives while networking, selling,
finding leads and training new recruits.

Account Executives
Account executives sell ad spaces by contacting media
buyers and decision makers in different companies and
businesses. Their task is to make creative proposals and
convincing presentations to close as many deals as
possible.

Director of Finance
The director of finance oversees the financial aspect of the
magazine business and makes sure that expenses don’t
exceed revenue. Budgets are given to each department.

Marketing Director
The marketing director is in charge of creating value
beyond the page. He or she handles the market research
and reports the trends, gathers statistics and intelligence
about the potential advertiser’s brand and plans events
and programs.

Circulation Director
The circulation director is in charge of the distribution of
the magazine, which includes subscriptions and newsstand
management. Part of the circulation department is the
planning and fulfillment manager who makes sure that the
distribution goals are successfully implemented.

ROLES OF THE PUBLISHER

1) He is the one responsible for all the operations of the
magazine.
2) A strategist who sets challenging but achievable goals
3) He knows his readers and his advertisers.
4) Using possible resources(personal experience, market
research, current economic and business press)
5) Prime mover in the development of new products that
can be developed.

Magazine Journalism
 Organisation and staff
 Editorial
 Advertising
 Circulation and sales
 Marketing
 Accounts and finance
 Types of Magazines
 Consumer
 Business to business
 Newspaper supplement and magazines
 Special interest
 Academic journals

Interviewing
 Planning an interview
 Getting the best from an interviewee
 Setting the right agenda and the right questions
 Using quotes
 Difficult interviewees
 Telephone interviews
 Note and record keeping
 Legal and ethical issues

Feature Writing
 Feature article styles
  Feature planning
 Research
 Picture and visual elements
 Special features – reviews, opinion features, leaders

Magazine Production
 Desktop editing systems
 Page layout
 From Publisher and Pagemaker to Quark Xpress and
Indesign
 The digital newsroom
 The role of the sub-editor in a magazine

Creation, Development and

Management of Magazines
 Human resources
 Recruitment and retention
 Training and development
 Health and safety
 Equal opportunities
  Creative media sales
 Advertorials
 Advertising
 Events and exhibitions
 Sales
 Circulation
 Finance and accounts

Media Legal
 Libel
 Malicious falsehood and defamation
 Reporting restriction and contempt of court
 Licencing
 Logos and trademarks
 Copyright and intellectual rights
 Privacy
 National and international law
 Data protection and freedom of information
 Press complaints commission and other codes and
regulations
The Business of Magazines –
Revenues and Finance
 Revenue sources
 Cover price
 Advertising
 Special promotions
 Product placements
 Advertorials

The Business of Magazines –

distribution
 Traditional – newsstands
 Traditional – subscriptions. supermarket
 Controlled circulation
 Member benefits
 Online applications and brand extensions

Magazines Online
 Magazines online
  Extending magazine brands online
 User generated content, audio and video
 Commercial and promotional opportunities

Online Magazines – e-zines and

beyond
 Audience research and assessment
 Special interest groups
 Newsgroups marketing and promotion
 Editorial values
 Blogging and bloggers
 User generated content