POLICE PLANNING
PLAN
- an organized schedule or sequence by methodical activities intended to attain a goal or objectives for
the accomplishments of mission or assignment
- a method or way of doing something in order to attain objectives and provides answers to the 5Ws
and 1H
PLANNING
- In simple sense, it is an act of deciding in advance on what is to be done and how it is to be
accomplished; it is in essence, preparations for action.
- the determination in advance of how the objectives of the organization will be attained; involves
the determination of a course of action to take in performing a particular function or activity
- the process of developing methods or procedures, or an arrangement of parts intended to facilitate
the accomplishment of a definite objective
- a management function concerned with visualizing future situation, making estimates concerning
them, identifying issues, needs and potential danger points, analyzing and evaluating the
alternative ways and means of reaching desired goals according to a certain schedule, estimating
the necessary funds and resources to do the work and initiating action in time to prepare what
may be needed to cope with changing conditions and contingent events
- the process of deciding in advance what is to be done and how it is to be done
GUIDELINES IN PLANNING
1) WHAT TO DO – mission/objective
2) WHY – reason/philosophy
3) WHEN – date/time
4) WHERE – place
5) WHO – people involved
6) HOW – strategy/methods
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PLAN
1) with clearly defined goals or objectives
2) simplicity, directness and clarity
3) flexibility
4) possibility of attainment
5) must provide standards of operation
6) economy in terms of resources needed for implementation
WHAT CAN BE EXPECTED IN PLANNING?
1. Improve analysis of problems
2. Provide better information for decision-making
3. Help to clarify goals, objectives, priorities
4. Result is more effective allocation of resources
5. Improve inter-and intradepartmental cooperation and coordination
6. Improve the performance of programs
7. Give the police department a clear sense of direction
8. Provide the opportunity for greater public support
WHAT ARE THE GUIDELINES IN PLANNING? THE FIVE (5) W’S AND ONE (1) H
1. What to do – mission/objective
2. Why to do – reason/philosophy
3. When to do – date/time
4. Where to do – place
5. Who will do – people involve
6. How to do – strategy
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SEQUENCE OF PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING PROCESS
1. Setting Planning and Programming Goals
Normally, the first planning and programming question is “what needs to be accomplished?” “What
is the desired future steps?” The obviousness of the answer may depend on the kind of planning and
programming being done.
2. Preparing for Planning and Programming
Successful planning and programming requires that some ongoing planning assignment be made,
someone must do the planning and programming, although who is this may vary depending on the level or
subject of planning or programming.
3. Identifying the Problems
The first step in beginning to identify problems is to asses the present situation, describing the current
state of affairs that may involve in scanning the environment, performing research and otherwise both inside
and outside the organization.
4. Identifying and Analyzing Alternative Solutions
Once a problem is identified, alternative courses of action must be build out for analysis. The planner
and programmer should consider the extent to which the different courses of action and the criteria for
judging the strength of each course of action. In other words, once the goals are set, different ways of
reaching them must be analyzed and asses.
STEPS IN PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
1. Frame of Reference
This shall be based on a careful selection on the matters relating to the situation for which plans are
being develop, and opinions of ideas of persons who may speak with authority on the subject concerned.
2. Clarifying the Problems
This call for the identification of the problem understanding both its record and its possible solutions.
3. Collecting all Pertinent Facts
Both attempts shall be made to develop a plan until facts relating to it have been gathered.
4. Analyzing the Facts
After all data have been gathered, a careful analysis and evaluation shall be made.
5. Developing Alternative Plans
In the initial phases of plan development, several alternative measures will appear to be logically
comparable to the needs of a situation.
6. Selecting the Most Appropriate Alternative
A careful consideration of all facts usually leads to the selection of a “best” of alternative proposal.
7. Selling the Plan
A plan to be effectively carried out must be accepted be persons concerned at the appropriate level of
the plans development.
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8. Arranging for Executions of the Plan
The execution of a plan requires the issuance of orders and directives to unit personnel concerned the
establishment of a schedule, and the provision of manpower and equipment for carrying out the plans.
9. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Plan
The results of the plan shall be determined, this necessary in order to know whether a correct
alternative was chosen, whether the plan was correct, which phase was poorly implemented, whether
additional planning may be necessary.
TYPES OF PLANS in general
1. Reactive Plans are developed as a result of crisis. A particular problem may occur for which the
department has no plan and must quickly develop one, sometimes without careful preparation.
2. Proactive Plans are developed in anticipation of problems. Although not all police problems are
predictable, many are, and it is possible for a police department to prepare a response in advance.
3. Visionary Plans are essential statements that identify the role of the police in the community and a
future condition or state to which the department can aspire. A vision may also include a statement of
values to be used to guide the decision making process in the department.
4. Strategic Plans are designed to meet the long-range, overall goals of the organization. Such plans
allow the department to adapt to anticipated changes or develop a new philosophy or model of
policing (e.g. community policing). One of the most important aspects of strategic planning is to
focus on external environmental factors that affect the goals and objectives of the department and
how they will be achieved. Important environmental factors include personnel needs, population
trends, technological innovations, business trends and demand, crime problems, and community
attitudes.
5. Operational Plans (OPLANS) are designed to meet the specific tasks required to implement
strategic plans. There are four types of operational plan:
a. Standing Plans provide the basic framework for responding to organizational problems.
The organizational vision and values, strategic statement, policies, procedures, and rules
and regulations are examples of standing plans. Standing plans also include guidelines for
responding to different types of incidents; for example, a civil disturbance, hostage
situation, crime in progress, and felony car stops.
b. Functional Plans include the framework for the operation of the major functional units in
the organization, such as patrol and investigations. It also includes the design of the
structure, how different functions and units are to relate and coordinate activities, and how
resources are to be allocated.
c. Operational-efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity plans are essentially the measures
or comparisons to be used to assess police activities and behavior (outputs) and results
(outcomes). If one of the goals of the police department is to reduce the crime rate, any
change that occurs can be compared to past crime rates in the same community or crime in
other communities, a state, or the nation. If the crime rates were reduced while holding or
reducing costs, it would reflect an improvement not only in effectiveness but also in
departmental productivity.
d. Time-specific Plans are concerned with a specific purpose and conclude when an
objective is accomplished or a problem is solved. Specific police programs or projects
such as drug crackdown, crime prevention program, and neighborhood clean-up campaign
are good examples of time-specific plans.
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POLICE PLAN
The plan is the result of planning of proposal design to guide and direct to be performed by the police
organization.
POLICE PLANNING
- It is a systematic and continuous process of preparing a set of decision for action in the future,
directed in achieving goal by optimal means and of learning from the outcome about the possible new sets of
decision and new goals to be achieved.
an attempt by police administrators in trying to allocate anticipated resources to meet anticipated service
demands
- the systematic and orderly determination of facts and events as basis for policy formulation and
decision-making affecting law enforcement management
POLICE OPERATIONAL PLANNING
- the act of determining policies and guidelines for police activities and operations and providing
controls and safeguards for such activities and operations in the department
- involves strategies or tactics, procedures, policies or guidelines
- the use of a rational design or pattern for all departmental undertakings rather than relying on
chance in an operational environment
- the preparation and development of procedures and techniques in accomplishing each of the
primary tasks and functions of an organization
WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PLANNING?
1. To increase the chances of success by focusing on results and not so much on the objectives.
2. To force analytical thinking and evaluation of alternatives for better decisions.
3. To establish a framework for decision making consistent with the goal of the organization.
4. To orient people to action instead of reaction.
5. To modify the day-to-day style of operation to future management.
6. To provide decision making with flexibility.
7. To provide basis for measuring original accomplishments or individual performance.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF POLICE PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
1. Reactive
Almost all police organizations engage at one time or another in reactive planning and programming,
that is they develop a plan in response to crisis or when forced to do to implement a decisions made by some
other person.
2. Contingency
Contingency planning and programming envisions the possibility that some “special incident” such
as riot, hostage situation, or major transportation disaster may occur and is based on the organization’s wish
to be prepared when it does occur, the plan and program often results from the lesson learned by other
organizations that had face similar events and found that their preparation had been inadequate.
3. Strategic
Strategic planning requires the organizations to set goals of at least five years into the future and
devise steps that need to be taken to achieve goals.
4. Operational Efficiency
In operational efficiency planning and programming, current processes are reviewed, and
recommendations for improvements are made. Examples of that type of planning and programming are
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resource allocation studies, studies of investigative efficiency, the examination of patrol procedures. This
planning and programming process often consist of short-term, one-time projects, although the planning and
programming really should be conducted to be use wisely as condition change.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF POLICE PLAN
a. According to coverage - Police Plans could be Local Plans (within police precincts, sub-stations,
and stations), Regional Plans, and National Plans.
b. According to Time - Police Plans are classified as:
1. Strategic or Long Range Plan – It relates to plans which are strategic or long range in application,
and it determine the organization’s original goals and strategy.
Example: Police Action Plan on the Strategy DREAMS and Program P-O-L-I-C-E 2000, Three Point
Agenda, and GLORIA (These are discussed on the latter part of this Chapter).
2. Intermediate or Medium Range Planning – It relates to plans, which determine quantity and quality
efforts and accomplishments. It refers to the process of determining the contribution on efforts that
can make or provide with allocated resources.
Example: 6 Masters Plans:
Master Plan Sandigan-Milenyo (Anti-Crime Master Plan)
Master Plan Sandugo (Support to Internal Security Operations Master Plan)
Master Plan Banat (Anti-Illegal Drugs Master Plan)
Master Plan Sang-ingat (Security Operations Master Plan)
Master Plan Saklolo (Disaster Management Master Plan)
Sangyaman (protection and Preservation of Environment, Cultural Properties, and Natural
Resources Master Plan)
3. Operational or Short Range Planning - Refers to the production of plans, which determine the
schedule of special activity and are applicable from one week or less than year duration. Plan that
addresses immediate need which are specific and how it can be accomplished on time with available
allocated resources.
Examples of OPLANS
Oplan Jumbo – Aviation Security Group Strategic Plan against terrorist attacks
Oplan Salikop – Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) Strategic Plan against
Organized Crime Groups
The TMG through its "OPLAN DISIPLINA" that resulted in the apprehension of 110,975
persons, the confiscation of 470 unlawfully attached gadgets to vehicles, and rendering
various forms of motorists’ assistance.
OPLAN BANTAY DALAMPASIGAN that sets forth the operational guidelines on the
heightened security measures and sea borne security patrols.
PNP MASTER PLANS
1. LOI SANDIGAN - This Plan shall serve as the Master Plan in which all plans and programs of the PNP
shall conform with and supplement. It shall prescribe the grand strategy to be undertaken by PNP Offices
and personnel on crime prevention, control and suppression, in the total fight against all forces of
criminality.
MISSION: The PNP shall implement a responsive and holistic anti-crime strategy to effective prevent,
control and suppress the occurrences of crimes to insure safety in our community.
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2. SANDUGO - This Plan sets forth the holistic approach to be adopted by the PNP in ensuring the effective
and efficient utilization of its resources in waging an internal security operations hand in hand with the
AFP and other government agencies nationwide.
MISSION: To enforce the law and undertake active support role in the conduct of security operations
with the AFP against major threats to internal security.
3. SANGYAMAN - Prescribes the guidelines to be followed by tasked PNP Units/Offices in assisting lead
government agencies in the enforcement of laws over the Phil territorial waters, lakes, rivers, mountain
ranges, forest, to include laws & ordinances that have been set forth to preserve, protect, & enhance our
environment & natural resources in close coordination with the DENR & other government agencies.
4. SANG-BANAT - Set forth the strategic concept, operational guidelines & coordinating instructions to be
undertaken by the PNP offices & personnel on the campaign against illegal drugs through its demand
reduction & supply reduction effort.
5. SANG-INGAT - Prescribes the concept & operational guidelines as well as contingency plan to ensure
the maintenance of peace & order during the year-round observance of holidays, which involves great
concern on movement of the citizens, international, national, & local meetings/conferences/events &
rallies/mass action in protest to wide range issues.
6. SAKLOLO - Set forth the strategic concepts, operational guidelines and coordinating instructions to be
undertaken by PNP Offices and personnel on disaster management.
KINDS OF POLICE PLANS
1. PROCEDURAL
- Are those plans relating to standard operating procedures (SOPs) and are useful as guides to
personnel, in such activity as the serving and processing of search warrant, recording and processing
crime or incident reports, and the processing of traffic citation, these procedural plan must be
reviewed from time to time as the for changes arises to increase operational efficiency.
- It is guidelines for routine office work, routine field operation and related special procedures.
- deal with procedures that have been outlined and officially adopted by all members of the unit under
specified circumstances.
- A type of plans, that considers plans for the operations of special divisions like, patrol, traffic, vice,
and juvenile delinquency control.
- describe specific actions to be taken
- the work to be done is estimated, manpower and equipment is allocated, proper objectives are defined
and methods of accomplishment are developed
- statistical analysis is widely used
- Ex: Patrol Plan, Project Proposal Plan, Police Community Relation Plan., Case operation plan,
Further, standard-operating procedures shall be planned to guide members in routine and field
operations and in some special operations in accordance with the following procedures:
a. Field Procedure – Procedures intended to be used in all situations of all kinds shall be
outlined as a guide to officers and men in the field. Examples of these procedures are those
related to reporting, to dispatching, to raids, arrest, stopping suspicious persons, receiving
complaints, touring beats, and investigation of crimes. The use of physical force and clubs,
restraining devices, firearms, tear gas and the like shall, in dealing with groups or individuals,
shall also be outlined.
b. Headquarters Procedures – Included in these procedures are the duties of the dispatcher,
jailer, matron, and other personnel concerned which may be reflected in the duty manual.
Procedures that involve coordinated action on activity of several offices, however, shall be
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established separately as in the case of using telephone for local or long distance calls, the
radio teletype, and other similar devices.
c. Special Operation Procedures – Certain special operations also necessitate the preparation of
procedures as guides. Included are the operation of the special unit charged with the
searching and preservation of physical evidence at the crime scenes and accidents, the control
of licenses, dissemination of information about wanted persons, inspection of the PNP
headquarters, and the like.
2. TACTICAL PLANS
- Are those plans which are prepared to meet exigencies encountered by police, such as widespread
civil disorders, unusual crime problems, civil defense needs or major disasters, this plants are
prepared considerably in advance of expected incidents and are and are largely based on field
intelligence supplied by supervisory personnel and the expertise they are able to provide in assessing
future needs.
- A type of plan that includes those procedures for coping with specific situations at known locations,
such plans for dealing with an attack against building with alarm systems and an attack against.
Headquarters of the
- plans that concern methods of action to be taken at a designated location and under specific
circumstances
- generally emergency type plans that can be put into effect on the sudden occurrence of a condition
requiring their use
- planning for emergencies of a specific nature at known locations
- developed for specific situations as they arise
- examples are: planning for major accidents; calamities or disasters; special events; hostage-
taking situations, etc
3. OPERATIONAL
- Are those designed to give guidance and direction to personnel in the performance of the normal
police activities. Those are plans, which guide the personnel in activities as the deployment and
distribution of personnel or the search for the suspects or lost persons.
- These are plans for the operations of special divisions like the patrol, detective, traffic, fire and
juvenile control divisions. Operational plans shall be prepared to accomplish each of the primary
police tasks. For example, patrol activities must be planned, the force must be distributed among the
shifts and territorially among beats, in proportion to the needs of the service, and special details must
be planned to meet unexpected needs. Likewise in the crime prevention and in traffic, juvenile and
vice control, campaigns must be planned and assignments made to assure the accomplishment of the
police purpose in meeting both average and regular needs. Each division or unit has primary
responsibility to plan operations in its field and also to execute the plans, either by its own personnel
or, as staff agency, by utilizing members of the other divisions.
4. AUXILIARY SERVICES
- Are those plans, which implement normal operation such as in the recruitment of personnel, police
community relation activities and the likes.
5. FISCAL
- Are those plans relates to those matters for budget preparation and use and control of funds allotted
for personnel, equipment and supplies.
6. ADMINISTRATIVE or MANAGEMENT PLANS
- A plan that includes the mapping out in advance all operations involved in the organization,
management of personnel and material and in the procurement and disbursement of money, etc.
- those plans that relate to staffing, equipping, supplying and organizing
- include the structuring of functions, authority and responsibilities, the allocation of resources,
personnel management, budgeting and other concerns administrative in nature
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- examples are: assignment and training of personnel; recruitment; equipment and supply
procedures, etc
- Plans of management shall map out in advance all operations involved in the organization
management of personnel and material and in the procurement and disbursement of money, such as
the following:
a. Budget Planning – Present and future money needs for personnel, equipment, and capital
investments must be estimated. Plans for supporting budget request must be made if needed
appropriations are to be obtained.
b. Accounting Procedures – Procedures shall be established and expenditure reports be provided to
assist in making administrative decisions and in holding expenditures within the appropriations.
c. Specifications and Purchasing Procedures – Specifications shall be drawn for equipment and
supplies. Purchasing procedures shall likewise be established to insure the checking of deliveries
against specifications of orders. Plans and specifications shall be drafted for new building and for
remodeling old ones.
d. Personnel – Procedures shall be established to assure the carrying out of personnel programs and
the allocation of personnel among the component organizational units in proportions need.
e. Organization – A basic organizational plan of the command/unit shall be made and be posted for
the guidance of the force. For the organization to be meaningful, it shall be accompanied by the
duty manual which shall define relationships between the component units in terms of specific
responsibilities. The duty manual incorporates rules and regulations and shall contain the
following: definition of terms, organization of rank, and the like, provided the same shall not be
in conflict with this manual.
7. EXTRA-DEPARTMENTAL PLANS
- those which require actions or assistance from persons or agencies outside of the department
- involve coordination with other agencies
- examples are: exchange of information on wanted persons, known drug syndicates, known
organized crime groups, stolen vehicles, etc
WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE OF POLICE PLANNING?
Planning is the basic responsibility of the Supervisor. Broad planning is the responsibility of the
Head of Police force. In practice, planning is delegated to staff officers. Limited operational
planning is the responsibility of the Chief of Police.
In the higher level, plans are disseminated through directives or orders. It is disseminated verbally
and seldom through directive or order.
Hierarchy of Police Planning:
a. Protection of life and property
b. Preservation of peace
c. Prevention of criminal activities
d. Repression or suppression of criminal activities
e. Apprehension of criminals
f. Enforcement of Laws, Ordinances and Rules of Conduct
g. Enforcement of Public health and morals
h. Execution of criminal processes or orders of the Court or tribunal
i. Coordination and Cooperation with other law enforcement agencies
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