Nadia Karima Izzaty
1306369466
Dept. Teknik Sipil
5.2.3. The streamflow hydrograph at the outlet of a 300-acre drainage area is as shown:
Determine the base flow using the straight line method, the fixed base method, and the
variable slope method. Assume N = 5 hours for the fixed base method.
5.3.1. For the following rainfall-runoff data, determine the Ø-index and the cumulative
infiltration curve based upon the Ø -index. Also, determine the cumulative excess rainfall
as a function of time. Plot these curves. The watershed area is 0.2 mi2.
Time (h) Rate (in/h) Direct Runoff (cfs) Rm (in.)
1 1.05 0 1.05
2 1.28 30 2.33
3 0.8 60 2.08
4 0.75 45 1.55
5 0.7 30 1.45
6 0.6 15 1.3
7 0 0 0.6
Σ 180 10.36
𝑉𝑑 = ∑ 𝑄𝑛 . ∆𝑡
𝑛=1
𝑉𝑑 = 180 𝑐𝑓𝑠 ∗ 3600 𝑠 = 648000 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑉𝑑
𝑟𝑑 =
𝐴
648000 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑟𝑑 =
𝑓𝑡 2⁄
0.2 𝑚𝑖 2 . 27878400 𝑚𝑖 2
𝑟𝑑 = 0.11622 𝑓𝑡 = 1.395 𝑖𝑛.
𝑟𝑑 = ∑ (𝑅𝑚 − ∅∆𝑡)
𝑚=1
1.395 = (10.36 − ∅. 7.1)
∅ = 1.28 𝑖𝑛.⁄ℎ
5.4.2. Determine the excess rainfall hyetograph for the data given in the text in Example
5.4.1 if the rain falls on a clay soil of initial effective saturation 40 percent.
* ponding occurs throughout intervals! (karena it > ft)
Rainfall Infiltration Excess Rainfall
Time
Incremental Cumulative Intensity Rate Cumulative Cumulative Incremental
0 0 1.08
10 0.18 0.18 1.26 1.247755 0.18 0 0
20 0.21 0.39 1.56 0.696713 0.328771 0.061229 0.061229
30 0.26 0.65 1.92 0.539651 0.43009 0.21991 0.158681
40 0.32 0.97 2.22 0.457601 0.512618 0.457382 0.298701
50 0.37 1.34 2.58 0.405177 0.584247 0.755753 0.457052
60 0.43 1.77 3.84 0.36799 0.648528 1.121472 0.66442
70 0.64 2.41 6.84 0.33985 0.707425 1.702575 1.038155
80 1.14 3.55 19.08 0.317602 0.76215 2.78785 1.749695
90 3.18 6.73 9.9 0.299439 0.813528 5.916472 4.166777
100 1.65 8.38 4.86 0.284247 0.862139 7.517861 3.351084
110 0.81 9.19 3.12 0.271295 0.908415 8.281585 4.930501
120 0.52 9.71 2.52 0.260083 0.952681 8.757319 3.826818
130 0.42 10.13 2.16 0.250254 0.995198 9.134802 5.307984
140 0.36 10.49 1.68 0.241546 1.036161 9.453839 4.145855
150 0.28 10.77 1.44 0.23376 1.075754 9.694246 5.548391
160 0.24 11.01 1.14 0.226745 1.114114 9.895886 4.347495
170 0.19 11.2 1.02 0.22038 1.151362 10.048638 5.701143
180 0.17 11.37 0.214571 1.187597 10.182403 4.48126
Excess Rainfall Hyetograph
6
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
5.4.3. Solve Example 5.4.1 in the text if the soil is described by Philip's equation with
S = 5 cm-h1/2 and K = 2 cm/h.
Δt f'1+Δt Ft ft KΔt + Ft f'1+Δt f'1+Δt
0.180 1.237 1.770 0.153 1.775 1.128 1.000
0.180 17.571 1.770 2.766 1.952 0.645 1.000
0.4 0.412 11.010 1.090 0.247 2.722
Rainfall Infiltration Excess Rainfall
Time
Incremental Cumulative Intensity Rate Cumulative Cumulative Incremental
(min) (cm) (cm) (cm/h) (cm/h) (cm) (cm) (cm)
0 0 1.08 0.000
10 0.180 0.180 1.260 1.237 0.207 0.027 0.027
20 0.210 0.390 1.560 0.587 0.177 0.213 0.186
30 0.260 0.650 1.920 0.364 0.142 0.508 0.295
40 0.320 0.970 2.220 0.254 0.115 0.855 0.347
50 0.370 1.340 2.580 0.192 0.099 1.241 0.386
60 0.430 1.770 3.840 0.153 0.085 1.685 0.444
70 0.640 2.410 6.840 0.120 0.057 2.353 0.668
80 1.140 3.550 19.080 0.091 0.032 3.518 1.165
90 3.180 6.730 9.900 0.062 0.011 6.719 3.201
100 1.650 8.380 4.860 0.056 0.022 8.358 1.639
110 0.810 9.190 3.120 0.054 0.045 9.145 0.787
120 0.520 9.710 2.520 0.052 0.070 9.640 0.495
130 0.420 10.130 2.160 0.051 0.087 10.043 0.403
140 0.360 10.490 1.680 0.051 0.102 10.388 0.345
150 0.280 10.770 1.440 0.050 0.132 10.638 0.250
160 0.240 11.010 1.140 0.050 0.154 10.856 0.218
170 0.190 11.200 1.020 0.049 0.196 11.004 0.148
180 0.170 11.370 0.049 0.220 11.150 0.146
5.4.5. Using the cumulative rainfall hyetograph given below for a 150-km2 watershed,
determine the abstractions and the excess rainfall hyetograph using Horton's equation
with f0 = 40 mm/h, fc = 10 mm/h, and k = 2 h"1. Assume that an interception storage of
10 mm is satisfied before infiltration begins. Also, determine the depth and volume of
excess rainfall and its duration.
Time 1 2 3 4 5 6
Cumulative rainfall (mm) 25 70 115 140 160 180
Cumulative Infiltration (mm) 22.9700 34.7253 44.9628 54.9950 64.9993 74.9999
Excess (mm) 2.0300 35.2747 70.0372 85.0050 95.0007 105.0001
Excess Rainfall vs. Time
120.0000
100.0000
80.0000
60.0000
40.0000
20.0000
0.0000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5.5.7. For the rainfall-runoff data given in Prob. 5.3.1, use the SCS method for
abstractions to determine the representative SCS curve number for this watershed,
assuming AMC II.
Time (h) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Rainfall rate (in/h) 1.05 1.28 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.6 0
Cumulative rate 1.05 2.33 3.13 3.88 4.58 5.18 5.18
Direct runoff (cfs) 0 30 60 45 30 15 0
Depth of precipitation (in) 1.05 0.64 0.266667 0.1875 0.14 0.1 0
Direct runoff depth (in.) 0 0.232438 0.464876 0.348657 0.232438 0.116219 0
Cumulative Rainfall (in.) 1.05 1.69 1.956667 2.144167 2.284167 2.384167 2.384167
Cumulative direct runoff
(in.) 0 0.232438 0.697314 1.045971 1.278409 1.394628 1.394628
CN 0 61 60 47 40 32 0
5.5.8. Considering the rainfall-runoff data in Prob. 5.3.1 and using the curve number
determined in Prob. 5.5.7, determine the cumulative infiltration and the cumulative
rainfall excess as functions of time. Plot these curves.
Time (h) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Rainfall rate (in/hr) 1.05 1.28 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.6 0
Cummulative 1.05 2.33 3.13 3.88 4.58 5.18 5.18
Direct Run off (cfs) 0 30 60 45 30 15 0
CN 0 61 60 47 40 32 0
S 0.0 6.4 6.7 11.3 15.0 21.3 0.0
Ia 0.00 1.28 1.33 2.26 3.00 4.25 0.00
Fa 0.000 0.903 1.415 1.420 1.429 0.891 0.000
Cummulative excess rainfall
(Pe) 1.050 0.148 0.381 0.205 0.151 0.039 5.180
Cummulative Infiltration 0.000 2.182 2.749 3.675 4.429 5.141
6.000
5.000
4.000
Cummulative
3.000 excess
rainfall (Pe)
2.000 Cummulative
Infiltration
1.000
0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5.6.1. Compute the uniform flow depth in a trapezoidal channel having n = 0.025, S 0 =
0.0005, and Q = 30 cfs. The base width is 4 ft, and the side slopes are l:z = 1:3.
x 1
4 ft.
𝑄 = 𝐴. 𝑣
1.49 . √𝑆
𝑄 = 𝐴. 𝑅 2/3 .
𝑛
(4 + 6𝑥). 𝑥
𝐴= = 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2
2
𝑃 = √40 𝑥 + 4
2
2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 3 1.49 . √0.0005
30 = (2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 ) ( ) .
√40𝑥 + 4 0.025
2
2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 3
(2𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 ) ( ) − 22.51 = 0
√40𝑥 + 4
Melalui proses iterasi dengan metode False Position, maka ditemukan bahwa nilai x
atau kedalaman aliran adalah mendekati 2.3278 ft (εt = 0.15%)
5.7.1. Solve Example 5.7.1 in the text if the flow length over pasture is 50 ft, and the
channel is 500 feet long.
Length (ft) 0 250 500
Q (cfs) 0 2.315 4.63
y (ft) 0 0.227 0.3585
v (ft/s) 0 5.099119 6.457462
Average velocity (ft/s) 2.549559 5.77829
Travel time (s) 98.05616 43.26539
𝑓𝑡⁄
From table: 𝑣 = 3 𝑠
∆𝑙 50
∆𝑡 = = = 16.67 𝑠
𝑣 3
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 + 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 16.67 + 98.056 + 43.265 = 157.991 𝑠
