MANDIRI Set

BAHASA INGGRIS 2
B. INGGRIS PERSIAPAN UTBK 2021

Text 1
Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity
of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the
region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often
make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation
to the surrounding region. Whereas the site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is
normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its
hinterland, its development is more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalelled
situation: it is located at the Southern end of a huge lake that forces East-West transportation lines to be compressed
into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the
worl’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of
the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm
acivity.
Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing
advantage of situation. Philadephia and boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared
New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New
York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast midwestern
hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important
factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not,
original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristics as
slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to
determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than
later.

01. What does the passage mainly discuss? 04. The author mentions each of the following as an
(A) The development of trade routes through the advantage of Chicago’s location EXCEPT its ....
United States cities (A) hinterland
(B) Contrasts in settlement patterns in United (B) nearness to a large lake
States (C) position in regard to transport routes
(C) Historical differences among three large United (D) flat terrain
States cities (E) finest large farming regions
(D) The importance of geographical situation in the
growth of United States cities 05. the primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to ....
(E) The definition of situation and site of the city (A) summarize past research and introduce a new
study
02. The passage suggests that a geographer (B) describe a historical period
would consider a city’s soil type part of its .... (C) emphasize the advantages of one theory over
(A) hinterland another
(B) situation (D) define a term and illustrate it with an example
(C) site (E) tell about the current event
(D) function
(E) ingenuity

03. According to the passage, a city’s situation is more

important than its site in regards to the city’s ....
(A) long-term growth and prosperity
(B) ability to protect its citizenry
(C) possession of favorable weather conditions
(D) need to import food supplies
(E) need to supply goods to the city

Prosus INTEN - Intensif UTBK - Kapita Selekta - B. Inggris 2021 1

Text 2
Measles, a childhood disease, has caused sufferings to mankind for thousands of years. However, the search
for an effective measles vaccine, lasted two hundred years and has finally ended in success. Now, for the first
time, measles is a preventable disease. You may ask,” How is this important to children?” Every year measles kills
twice as many Americans as polio now does. More children die from measles than from any other childhood
disease. Also complications of some degree occur in about one child out of six. Most complications include
pneumonia and ear disorders. Another after-effect of measles-brain damage is less common, but it can have such
serious consequences that it deserves special attention.
Brain damage due to measles sounds like something far away from our experience. In reality, it is not. Like
any other injury, damage to the brain can be slight or very severe. It is quite possible that we have never seen or
heard a child would either have died or would be in an institution. However, in medical research a relation has
been found between measles and such things as behaviour problems, personality changes and dulled mental
ability. For example, a child may be bad-tempered or a little slow to learn after he has recovered from measles.

06. The tone of the text is .... 10. The main information of the text is that ....
(A) complicated (A) measles has been a disease for thousands of
(B) formal years
(C) straightforward (B) measles may have bad effects on children who
(D) informative get the disease
(E) concerned (C) measles is a serious disease greatly neglected
in the past
07. One of the important findings of the research on (D) a lot of research was done on the complications
measles is that .... of measles
(A) children who have got measles may become (E) after 200 years of research an effective vaccine
difficult to handle because of their behavior was found
(B) in reality, there are no measles patients who get
brain damage
(C) personality changes already occur at the time a
child has measles
(D) measles can cause children to become
physically handicapped
(E) measles is the first killer of childhood diseases
in the world

08. Which of the following is not an after-effect of

measles mentioned in the text?
(A) Polio
(B) Ear disorders
(C) Personality changes
(D) Slow learning
(E) Pneumonia

09. “ ... or would be in an institution” (paragraph 2).

The underlined word means .... .
(A) an orphanage
(B) a rehabilitation center
(C) a hospital
(D) a company
(E) an office

Prosus INTEN - Intensif UTBK - Kapita Selekta - B. Inggris 2021 2

Text 3
In their latest paper, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, Prof Philip Munday and his colleagues
report first evidence that high CO2 levels in sea water disrupts a key brain receptor in fish causing marked-
changes in their behaviour and sensory ability. They began by studying how baby clowns and damsel fishes
performed alongside their predators in CO2-enriched water. They found that, while the predators were somewhat
affected, the baby fish suffered much higher rates of attrition.
“Our early work showed that the smelling-sense of the baby fish was harmed by higher CO2 in the water,
meaning they found it harder to locate a reef to settle on or to detect the warning smell of a predatory fish. But we
suspect there was much more to it than the loss of ability to smell,” says Prof Munday. The team, then, examined
whether fish’s senses of hearing which are used to locate and hone in on reefs at night and avoid them during
the day was affected. The answer is: yes, it was. They were confused and no longer avoided reef sounds during
the day. Being attracted to reef during daylight would make them easy meat for predators. “
Their work showed the fish also tended to lose their natural instinct to turn left or right which is an important
factor in schooling behaviour which also makes them vulnerable, as lone fish are easily eaten by predators. Prof
Munday explains,” All this led us to suspect it wasn’t simply a damage to their individual senses that was going
on, but rather, that higher levels of carbon dioxide were affecting their whole central nervous system.”

11. Paragraphs 2 and 3 are related in that the former .... 14. Regarding high levels of carbon dioxide in sea
(A) argues for causes; the latter deals with water, the author seems ....
conclusion (A) concerned
(B) describes loss of senses; the latter loss of reactions (B) upset
(C) deals with causes: the latter presents further (C) weary
evidence (D) excited
(D) theorizes the role of O2; the latter describes the (E) uncaring
effects
(E) lists the results of the study; the latter explains 15. The clause “baby fish suffered ... higher rates of
the results attrition” in the last line of paragraph 1 suggests
that ....
12. The word “them” in “... and avoid them during the (A) they no longer are able to find food
day ....” (paragraph 2 line 5) refers to .... (B) the fish can swim faster the predators
(A) CO2 levels (C) predators can easily follow them
(B) predators (D) the fish are losing much of their ability to avoid
(C) baby fish a threat
(D) the team (E) the fish can joyfully swim
(E) reefs

13. The foloowing is relevant with the idea of the role of

the fish’s ssenses and instinct described in the
passage EXCEPT ....
(A) mice avoid poisons by smelling it
(B) dogs sniff rubbles to identify disaster victims
(C) people recognize others from their voices
(D) babies learn to speak by imitating sound
(E) pigeons send letter to an address

Prosus INTEN - Intensif UTBK - Kapita Selekta - B. Inggris 2021 3