Civil Engineering Drawing
Building Drawing
(Part 2)
COMPARISON BETWEEN OBJECT
DRAWING AND BUILDING DRAWING
There are minor differences of the conventions, but simple
orthographic views and sectional views will be used in the
building drawing as such.
Size of the Building
Object will be much bigger, dimensions may be in feet
instead of few inches.
The dimensions are to be reduced many times for the
drawing work.
SCALE
The conversion factor between the actual size and the
drawing size, also referred to as reduction factor, is called
SCALE.
Drawing line size = Structure line Size
For example, 1-in = 1- ft
½-in = 1- ft
¼-in = 1- ft
Actual dimension of the structure are written on the drawings
regardless of the scale used.
Terminology for Different Views:
Plan
In architectural or building drawing, top view is
always drawn as a sectional top view formed by
assuming an imaginary horizontal cutting plane
just above the sill level (3-5 ft above floor level).
The view is drawn after removing the upper part
and looking the lower part perpendicularly. In this
way the resulting view is termed as PLAN.
Plan shows the position and the size of
different elements of a building like wall
thicknesses, position of beams, doors
windows, almirahs and ventilators, etc.,
besides other optional details as sanitary
fittings, electric fittings, and furniture.
In plan, to show some important features like
beams, sunshades, lintels, etc which were above
the horizontal cutting plane are shown in the plan
by dashed lines.
Terminology for Different Views:
Elevation
Simple orthographic view used to show the appearance
of the finished building is called Elevation which is
equivalent to front view in the object drawing.
Elevation is only drawn for the super-structure.
N- elevation, S-elevation , E-elevation and W-elevation
are possible.
Usually the most important view or the front elevation is
drawn and is simply called Elevation.
Elevation gives the height of doors, windows and
ventilators above ground level, and also about the total
height of the building.
Least important for Civil engineer but very important for
Architects.
Terminology for Different Views:
Section:
In place of end view as in object drawing,
sectional view will be drawn here.
Section in building drawing, is a term used for
the sectional front view or end/side view of a
building drawn to a bigger scale as compared
to the elevation and plan.
Section will show both superstructure and
substructure with maximum details in cutting.
Sections give us details about roofs,
floors, walls, DPC, lintels, parapet
walls, foundations and also height from one floor
to the next.
Cutting plane for sections should be shown in
Plans. Cutting plane symbols consist of a section
line, directional arrows and a pair of letters giving
name to the section.
If the details are more complicated more than
one sections for the same building may be
drawn.
Maximum details and the dimensions are given
in it.
TYPICAL FEATURES PRESENT IN A BUILDING:
Window: (W)
Window is always shown in the closed position.
TYPICAL FEATURES PRESENT IN A BUILDING:
Ventilator (V)
Shown In section and elevation like Window.
TYPICAL FEATURES PRESENT IN A BUILDING:
Door (D)
Floor at Bottom but Not DPC
Space consumed by Door
Closed (Section and Elevation)
Schedule of Openings
TYPICAL FEATURES PRESENT IN A BUILDING:
DPC
All the walls which are continuous above P.L
Generally Top of DPC is in Level with F.F.L.
TYPICAL FEATURES PRESENT IN A BUILDING:
Roof Details
TYPICAL FEATURES PRESENT IN A BUILDING:
Floor Details
PRACTICE DRAWING SHEET
Draw Plan, Front Elevation and section A-A of
a “Single Room” (10 ft X 12 ft), such that it
may have:
Plinth Level = 1 ft – 6 in
1 Door = 4 ft x7 ft
2 windows = 5 ft x 5 ft (each)
4 ventilators = 4.5 ft x 2.5 ft
All walls = 9 in. thick
Sill level = 3 ft
Lintel = 6 in. deep
Sun shades = 1 ft – 6 in long, 3 in. thick
Clear height = 12 ft
Parapet walls = 1 ft clear above roof tiles.
PRACTICE DRAWING SHEET
CHECK POST
Draw Plan, Front Elevation and
section A-A of a “Check Post”,
whose Plan is given in the figure.
