General Physics 2 W 5-6

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VIII (Eastern Visayas)
DIVISION OF LEYTE
PALOMPON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School Department
Central II, Palompon, Leyte
S.Y. 2020-2021
______________________________________________________________________
WEEKLY HOME LEARNING PLAN
TEACHER: NOEMI G. AMADOR/09263645293
EMAIL: [email protected]
LEARNING LEARNING TASK Mode of

LEARNING COMPETENCY with CODE
AREA Delivery
1. Solve problems involving  Solve problems involving capacitors and
capacitors and dielectrics. dielectrics in contexts such as, but not limited
to, charged plates, batteries, and camera
2. Identify conventional current flashlamps. Week 5 STEM_GP12EM - IIId
and electron flow. -30
3. Calculate problems showing the  Distinguish between conventional current and
relationship charge=current x electron flow. Week 5 STEM_GP12EM - IIId
-32
GENERAL time. Modular
 Apply the relationship charge = current x time
PHYSICS 2 4. Identify the effect of to new situations or to solve related problems
temperature increase on the Week 5 STEM_GP12EM - IIIe -33
resistance of a metallic conductor.  Describe the effect of temperature increase on
5. Solve the resistivity and the resistance of a metallic conductor Week 5
STEM_GP12EM - IIIe -35
conductivity of a material.  Describe the ability of a material to conduct
current in terms of resistivity and conductivity
Week 5 STEM_GP12EM - IIIe -36
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Third Quarter
(Week 5-6)
Lesson 1
I. Background Information
Capacitor is an electronic component that stores electric charge. The capacitor is
made of 2 close conductors (usually plates) that are separated by a dielectric material.
The plates accumulate electric charge when connected to power source. One plate
accumulates positive charge and the other plate accumulates negative charge.
The capacitance is the amount of electric charge that is stored in the capacitor at
voltage of 1 Volt.
The capacitance is measured in units of Farad (F).
The capacitor disconnects current in direct current (DC) circuits and short circuit in
alternating current (AC) circuits.
Capacitance
The capacitance is the amount of electric charge that is stored in the capacitor at
voltage of 1 Volt.
The capacitance is measured in units of Farad (F).
1
The capacitance (C) of the capacitor is equal to the electric charge (Q) divided by the
voltage (V):
C = Q/V
C -is the capacitance in farad (F)
Q -is the electric charge in coulombs (C), that is stored on the capacitor
V -is the voltage between the capacitor's plates in volts (V)
Capacitance of plates capacitor
The capacitance (C) of the plates capacitor is equal to the permittivity (ε) times the
plate area (A) divided by the gap or distance between the plates (d):
C = ε (A/d)
C is the capacitance of the capacitor, in farad (F).
ε is the permittivity of the capacitor's dialectic material, in farad per meter (F/m).
A is the area of the capacitor's plate in square meters ( m2].
d is the distance between the capacitor's plates, in meters (m).
Capacitors in series
Storing Energy in a Capacitor

While capacitor is connected across a battery, charges come from the battery and get
stored in the capacitor plates. But this process of energy storing is step by step only.
At the very beginning, capacitor does not have any charge or potential. i.e. V = 0 volts
and q = 0 C.
Now at the time of switching, full battery voltage will fall across the capacitor. A
positive charge (q) will come to the positive plate of the capacitor, but there is no work
done for this first charge (q) to come to the positive plate of the capacitor from the
battery. It is because of the capacitor does not have own voltage across its plates,
rather the initial voltage is due to the battery.
The amount of energy stored is equal to the work done to charge it. During the
charging process, the battery does work to remove charges from one plate and deposit
them onto the other.
The energy stored on capacitor can be calculated from the equivalent expressions:
II. Exercises/Activities
2
A. Formative Assessment: Just answer this part on your scratch paper for
exercises.
NOT to be submitted.
1. When 2 volts e.m.f is applied across a 2 farad capacitor, it will store energy of
_____. A. 3 joules B. 8 joules C. 4 joules D. 2 joules
2. When 10 volts e.m.f is applied across a 4.5 farad capacitor, it will store energy of
_____.
A. 225 joules B. 218 joules C. 134 joules D. 125 joules
3. When 4 volts e.m.f is applied across a 12 farad capacitor, it will store energy of
_____.
A. 18 joules B. 23 joules C. 22 joules D. 96 joules
4. The plates of a 2-pF capacitor have an area of 20 m2. If air is the dielectric, the
plate separation must be approximately.
A. 88.5 mm B. 8.85 mm C. 0.088 m D. 885 mm
5. The plates of a 4-pF capacitor have an extra of 10 m2. If air is the dielectric, the
plate separation must be approximately.
A. 8.85 mm B. 0.885 mm C. 88.5 mm D. 885 mm
B. Evaluative Assessment: SUBMIT it with the Learning Material.

Directions: CHOOSE the letter of your BEST answer in your answer sheet. For
problem solving, items, show your solution in a clean sheet of paper and SUBMIT IT.
Follow the given format below.
Given: Find: Formula:
Solution: Final Answer:
1. What potential difference is required to store 17 µC of charge on a 5-µF capacitor?

A. 1.40 V B. 1.44 V C. 2.25 V D. 3.4 V
2. Calculate the Capacitance value in a circuit having 3 capacitors each of rating 6F in
parallel:
A. 2 F B. 1 F C. 18 F D. 9 F C
3. Calculate the Capacitance value in a circuit having 3 capacitors each of rating 4.5 F
in parallel:
A. 11 F B. 13.5 F C. 21 F D. 9.45 F
4. Calculate the Capacitance value in a circuit having 5 capacitors each of rating 2F in
parallel:
A. 9 F B. 10 F C. 20 F D. 1 F
5. Calculate the value of capacitance needed to store 1 µC of charge at 10V.
A. 100nF B. 10 µF C. 10nF D. 1nF
III. References
 https://tinyurl.com/29d2uczp
IV. Answer Key
Formative Assessment:
1. C 2. A 3.D 4. C 5. B
Lesson 2
3
When Benjamin Franklin made his conjecture regarding the direction of charge flow
(from the smooth wax to the rough wool), he set a precedent for electrical notation
that exists to this day, despite the fact that we know electrons are the constituent
units of charge, and that they are displaced from the wool to the wax—not from the
wax to the wool—when those two substances are rubbed together. This is why
electrons are said to have a negative charge: because Franklin assumed electric
charge moved in the opposite direction that it actually does, and so objects he called
“negative” (representing a deficiency of charge) actually have a surplus of electrons.
By the time the true direction of electron flow was discovered, the nomenclature of
“positive” and “negative” had already been so well established in the scientific
community that no effort was made to change it, although calling electrons “positive”
would make more sense in referring to “excess” charge. You see, the terms “positive”
and “negative” are human inventions, and as such have no absolute meaning beyond
our own conventions of language and scientific description. Franklin could have just as
easily referred to a surplus of charge as “black” and a deficiency as “white,” in which
case scientists would speak of electrons having a “white” charge (assuming the same
incorrect conjecture of charge
position between wax and wool).
However, because we tend to

associate the word “positive” with
“surplus” and “negative” with
“deficiency,” the standard label
for electron charge does seem
backward. Because of this, many
engineers decided to retain the
old concept of electricity with
“positive” referring to a surplus of
charge, and label charge flow
(current) accordingly.
It is important to realize that the

difference between conventional current flow and electron flow in no way effects any
real-world behavior or computational results.
In general, analyzing an electrical circuit yields results that are independent of

the assumed direction of current flow. Conventional current flow is the standard that
most all of the world follows.
When electricity was discovered, scientists at that time were not aware of electrons.
They thought that positive ions were responsible for current. Therefore, they decided
that the direction of current would be from positive to negative. We still respect this
convention even today.
4
After a century, J. J. Thomson discovered electrons. It was soon understood that
electrons were responsible for current in most conductors. Changing the convention
seemed to be a bad idea. Hence, we continued to use the same convention.
Basic Electricity
Electricity is the flow of electrons from one place to another. Electrons can flow
through any material, but does so more easily in some than in others. How easily it
flows is called resistance. The resistance of a material is measured in Ohms.
Matter can be broken down into:
Conductors: electrons flow easily. Low resistance.

Semi-conductors: electron can be made to flow under certain circumstances.
Variable resistance according to formulation and circuit conditions.
Insulator: electrons flow with great difficulty. High resistance. Since electrons are
very small, as a practical matter they are usually measured in very large numbers.
A Coulomb is 6.24 x 1018 electrons. However, electricians are mostly interested in
electrons in motion.
Current (I) The flow of electrons is called current, and is measured in Amperes. One
amp is equal to a flow of one coulomb per second through a wire.
1 Amperes = 1 C/s
Voltage(V) Making electrons flow through a resistance requires an attractive force to
pull them. This force, called Electro-Motive Force or EMF, is measured in volts. A Volt is
the force required to push 1 Amp through 1 Ohm of resistance.
1V = 1 A/ohm
Resistance(R) Resistance is an electrical quantity that measures how the device or
material reduces the electric current flow through it. The resistance is measured in
units of ohms (Ω).
If we make an analogy to water flow in pipes, the resistance is bigger when the pipe is
thinner, so the water flow is decreased.
Georg Ohm found that, at a constant temperature, the

electrical current flowing through a fixed linear resistance is
directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, and also
inversely proportional to the resistance. This relationship
between the Voltage, Current and Resistance forms the basis
of Ohms Law and is shown below.
Current = (voltage/resistance) I = V/R
exercises.
5
1. Electrical current is defined as. Correct Answer: the rate of flow of free electrons.
A. the rate of flow of free electrons
B. the charge on free electrons
C. the energy required to move electrons
D. Free electrons
2. In this type of material current flow easily.
A. conductors C. semi-conductors
B. none of these choices D. insulators
3. In this materials electron flows with great difficulty.
A. conductors C. insulators
B. none of these choices D. semi-conductors
4. In this material electron can be made to flow under certain circumstances.
A. insulators C. none of these choices
B. semi-conductors D. conductors
5. 1 Coulomb is _____ electrons.
A. 6.24 x 1017 C 6.24 x 101 8
B. 6.24 x 101 5 D 6.24 x 101 6
Directions: CHOOSE the letter of your BEST answer in your answer sheet.
6. The flow of current is called ____.
A. current B. resistance C. none of these choices D. voltage
7. It is the force that push the electron to flow.
A. EMF B. Electro-motive force C. all of these choices D.
voltage
8. It measured in units of ohms.
A. none of these choices B. resistance C. current D. voltage
9. Ohm’s law states _______.
A. voltage is directly proportional to the current applied and inversely
proportional to the resistance.
B. current is inversely proportional to the voltage applied and directly
C. none of these choices
D. current is directly proportional to the voltage applied and inversely
10. What is the correct equation of Ohm’s law?
A. I =V/R B. R=VI C. V=IR D. R= V/I D
III. References
 https://tinyurl.com/52jv9ekw
IV. Answer Key
Lesson 3
Electrical charge is measured in coulomb (C). The amount of electrical charge that
moves in a circuit depends on the current flow and how long it flows for.
The equation below shows the relationship between charge, current and time:
charge (coulomb, C) = current (ampere, A) × time (second, s)
6
For example, if a current of 10 A flows for 30 s, then 10 x 30 = 300 coulombs of
electrical charge moves.
exercises.
1. A current of 0.5 A flows for 20 s through a small electric motor. How much charge
has passed?
A. 10 C B. 12 C C. 16 C D. 15 C
2. A current of 1.5 A flows for 120 s through a small electric motor. How much charge
has passed?
A. 120 C B. 180 C C. 150 C D. 160 C
3. A current of 200 mA flows for 2 minutes. How much charge has passed?
A. 15 C B. 10 C C. 24 C D. 22 C B
A. 23 C B. 27 C C. 15 C D. 11 C
A. 16.2 C B. 13.5 C C. 15.4 C D. 12.13 C
11. A charge of 12 C passes through the filament of a car headlamp bulb in 4 s. What
is the current?
A. 3 A B. 2 A C. 1.4 A D. 5 A
is the current?
A. 2 A B. 5 A C. 1.4 A D. 3 A
is the current?
A. 5 A B. 1.4 A C. 3 A D. 2 A
is the current?
A. 1.25 A B. 4 A C. 3 A D. 6 A
is the current?
A. 6 A B. 3 A C. 1.25 A D. 4 A C
III. References
 https://tinyurl.com/9t7tv3z3
IV. Answer Key

1. A 2. B 3.C 4. B 5. A
7
Lesson 4
Most conductive materials change specific resistance with changes in temperature.
This is why figures of specific resistance are always specified at a standard
temperature (usually 20° or 25° Celsius).
The resistance-change factor per degree Celsius of temperature change is called the
temperature coefficient of resistance. This factor is represented by the Greek lower-
case letter “alpha” (α).
A positive coefficient for a material means that its resistance increases with an increase
in temperature. Pure metals typically have positive temperature coefficients of
resistance. Coefficients approaching zero can be obtained by alloying certain metals.
A negative coefficient for a material means that its resistance decreases with an
increase in temperature. Semiconductor materials (carbon, silicon, germanium)
typically have negative temperature coefficients of resistance.
The formula used to determine the resistance of a conductor at some temperature is
as follows:
R = Rref [1+α(T-Tref)]
R = Conductor resistance at temperature “T”.
Rref = Conductor resistance at reference temperature, usually 20oc, but sometimes
0oc. α = Temperature coefficient of resistance for the conductor material.
T = Conductor temperature in degree Celsius.
Tref = reference temperature that α is specified at for the conductor material.
Temperature and Atomic Structure

The reasons for these changes in resistivity can be explained by considering the flow
of current through the material. The flow of current is actually the movement of
electrons from one atom to another under the influence of an electric field. Electrons
are very small negatively charged particles and will be repelled by a negative electric
charge and attracted by a positive electric charge. Therefore, if an electric potential is
applied across a conductor (positive at one end, negative at the other) electrons will
"migrate" from atom to atom towards the positive terminal.
Only some electrons are free to migrate however. Others within each atom are held so
tightly to their particular atom that even an electric field will not dislodge them. The
current flowing in the material is therefore due to the movement of "free electrons"
and the number of free electrons within any material compared with those tightly
bound to their atoms is what governs whether a material is a good conductor (many
free electrons) or a good insulator (hardly any free electrons).
The effect of heat on the atomic structure of a material is to make the atoms vibrate,
and the higher the temperature the more violently the atoms vibrate.
In a conductor, which already has a large number of free electrons flowing through it,
the vibration of the atoms causes many collisions between the free electrons and the
captive electrons. Each collision uses up some energy from the free electron and is the
8
basic cause of resistance. The more the atoms jostle around in the material, the more
collisions are caused and hence the greater the resistance to current flow.
In an insulator however, there is a slightly different situation. There are so few free
electrons that hardly any current can flow. Almost all the electrons are tightly bound
within their particular atom. Heating an insulating material vibrates the atoms, and if
heated sufficiently, the atoms vibrate violently enough to actually shake some of their
captive electrons free, creating free electrons to become carriers of current. Therefore,
at high temperatures the resistance of an insulator can fall, and in some insulating
materials, quite dramatically.
exercises.
1. The temperature coefficient of resistance for copper is 0.004/C°. If the resistance of

a copper wire is 12 Ω at 20°C, its resistance at 140°C will be?
A. 20.4 Ω B. 33.8 Ω C. 17.76 Ω D. 18.45 Ω
A. 12.35 Ω B. 50.24 Ω C. 13.18 Ω D. 17.4 Ω
A. 38 Ω B. 24 Ω C. 31 Ω D. 35 Ω
4. The temperature coefficient of resistance for silver is 0.0038/C°. If the resistance of
a silver wire is 10 Ω at 20°C, its resistance at 80°C will be?
A. 15.11 Ω B. 28.34 Ω C. 14.31 Ω D. 12.28 Ω
5. The temperature coefficient of resistance for silver is 0.0038/C°. If the resistance of
a silver wire is 10 Ω at 20°C, its resistance at 100°C will be?
A. 14.21 Ω B. 14 Ω C. 13.04 Ω D. 18 Ω

16. The temperature coefficient of resistance for silver is 0.0038/C°. If the resistance
of a silver wire is 15 Ω at 20°C, its resistance at 100°C will be?
A. 16.21 Ω B. 19.56 Ω C. 12 Ω D. 14 Ω
17. The temperature coefficient of resistance for aluminum is 0.0043/C°. If the
resistance of a silver wire is 20 Ω at 20°C, its resistance at 100°C will be?
A. 34 Ω B. 42 Ω C. 26.21 Ω D. 26.88 Ω
18. The temperature coefficient of resistance for aluminum is 0.0043/C°. If the
resistance of a silver wire is 20 Ω at 20°C, its resistance at 60°C will be?
A. 14 Ω B. 23.44 Ω C. 26.51 Ω D. 12 Ω
19. The temperature coefficient of resistance for copper is 0.004/C°. If the resistance
of a copper wire is 12 Ω at 20°C, its resistance at 100°C will be?
9
A. 3.8 Ω B. 15.84 Ω C. 50.4 Ω D. 13 Ω
20. The temperature coefficient of resistance for copper is 0.004/C°. If the resistance
of a copper wire is 12 Ω at 20°C, its resistance at 80°C will be?
A. 10.4 Ω B. 14.88 Ω C. 13.8 Ω D. 12.45 Ω
III. References
 https://tinyurl.com/k9tvjvzc
IV. Answer Key
1. C 2. D 3.C 4. D 5. C
Lesson 5
Resistivity
The electrical resistivity of

a particular conductor material
is a measure of how strongly
the material opposes the flow
of electric current through it.
This resistivity factor,
sometimes called its “specific electrical resistance”, enables the resistance of
different types of conductors to be compared to one another at a specified
temperature according to their physical properties without regards to their lengths or
cross-sectional areas. Thus the higher the resistivity value of ρ the more resistance
and vice versa.
Proportionality of Resistance
But as well as length and conductor area, we would also expect the
electrical resistance of the conductor to depend upon the actual material
from which it is made, because different conductive materials, copper,
silver, aluminum, etc. all have different physical and electrical properties.
Thus we can convert the proportionality sign (∝) of the above equation into an equals
sign simply by adding a “proportional constant” into the above equation giving:
Electrical Resistivity
Equation Where: R is the resistance in ohms (Ω), L is the length in meters (m), A is
the area in square meters (mm2), and where the proportional constant ρ (the Greek
letter “rho”) is known as Resistivity. Materials such as copper and aluminum are known
for their low levels of resistivity thus allowing electrical current to easily flow through
them making these materials ideal for making electrical wires and cables. Silver and
gold have much low resistivity values, but for obvious reasons are more expensive to
turn into electrical wires. Then the factors which affect the resistance (R) of a
conductor in ohms can be listed as: The resistivity (ρ) of the material from which the
conductor is made. The total length (L) of the conductor. The cross-sectional area (A)
of the conductor. The temperature of the conductor.
10
Electrical Conductivity
Conductivity, or specific conductance relates to the ease at which electric current con
flow through a material. Conductance (G) is the reciprocal of resistance (1/R) with the
unit of conductance being the Siemens (S) and is given the upside down ohms’ symbol
mho, ℧. Thus when a conductor has a conductance of 1 Siemens (1S) it has a
resistance is 1 ohm (1Ω). So if its resistance is doubled, the conductance halves, and
vice-versa as:
Siemens = 1/ohms, or ohms = 1/Siemens.
While a conductor’s resistance gives the amount of opposition it offers to the flow of
electric current, the conductance of a conductor indicates the ease by which it allows
electric current to flow. So metals such as copper, aluminum or silver have very large
values of conductance meaning that they are good conductors. Conductivity, σ (Greek
letter sigma), is the reciprocal of the resistivity. That is 1/ρ and is measured in
Siemens per meter (S/m). Since electrical conductivity σ = 1/ρ, the previous
expression for electrical resistance, R can be rewritten as:
Electrical Resistance
Then we can say that conductivity is the efficiency by which a

conductor passes an electric current or signal without resistive loss.
Therefore, a material or conductor that has a high conductivity will
have a low resistivity, and vice versa, since 1 Siemens (S) equals 1Ω-
1. So copper which is a good conductor of electric current, has a
conductivity of 58.14 x 106 Siemens per meter.
exercises.
1. It is a measure of how strongly the material opposes the flow of electric current
through it.
A. resistivity C. both resistivity & conductivity
B. conductivity D. none of these choices
2. The ____ the resistivity the ____ the resistance of the material.
A. higher, higher C. lower, higher
B. lower,lower D. higher, lower
3. What will happen if a material has a low resistivity?
A. it will allow electrical current to easily flow
B. it will not allow electrical current to flow easily
C. none of these choices
D. it will conduct in a stable manner
4. The cross-sectional area of the conductor is one factor which affect the resistance of
a conductor.
A. false B. true C. partly false D. partly true
11
5. Calculate the total DC resistance of a 150 meter roll of 1.5 m m2copper wire if the
resistivity of copper at 20° C is 1.72 x 10−8 Ω per meter.
A. 2.78 Ω B. 2.68 Ω C. 1.72 Ω D. 3.48 Ω

21. What will happen to the materials with high conductivity?
A. none of these choices
B. it will allow electrical current to easily flow
C. it will not allow electrical current to flow easily
D. it will conduct in a stable manner
22. Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistivity.
A. true B. partly false C. partly true D. false
23. The resistivity factor is sometimes called __.
A. material resistance C. resistive manner
B. none of these choices D. specific electrical resistance
24. Given a 200 meter roll of 2.5 m m copper wire if the resistivity of copper at 20 ° C is
2
1.72 x 10−8Ω per meter. Calculate the current flowing if the voltage source is 10 V.
A. 3.267 A B. 2.267 A C. 7.267 A D. 4.267 A
25. Calculate the total DC resistance of a 200 meter roll of 2.5 m m copper wire if the
2
resistivity of copper at 20° C is 1.72 x 10−8Ω per meter.

A. 1.376 Ω B. 1.688 Ω C. 2.388 Ω D. 1.488 Ω
III. References
 https://tinyurl.com/akynhtkw
IV. Answer Key

1. A 2. A 3.A 4. B 5. C
12

General Physics 2 W 5-6

Uploaded by

General Physics 2 W 5-6

Uploaded by

Republic of the Philippines

LEARNING LEARNING TASK Mode of

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Capacitance of plates capacitor

Storing Energy in a Capacitor

B. Evaluative Assessment: SUBMIT it with the Learning Material.

1. What potential difference is required to store 17 µC of charge on a 5-µF capacitor?

However, because we tend to

It is important to realize that the

In general, analyzing an electrical circuit yields results that are independent of

Matter can be broken down into:

Conductors: electrons flow easily. Low resistance.

Georg Ohm found that, at a constant temperature, the

IV. Answer Key

Temperature and Atomic Structure

1. The temperature coefficient of resistance for copper is 0.004/C°. If the resistance of

B. Evaluative Assessment: SUBMIT it with the Learning Material.

The electrical resistivity of

Siemens = 1/ohms, or ohms = 1/Siemens.

Then we can say that conductivity is the efficiency by which a

B. Evaluative Assessment: SUBMIT it with the Learning Material.

resistivity of copper at 20° C is 1.72 x 10−8Ω per meter.

IV. Answer Key

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