Bullets for CHN
Medicinal Plants
Herbal Plant Uses
Ampalaya Diabetes Mellitus
Akapulko Anti fungal
Bayabas Washing of wounds
Diarrhea
Relieved toothache through gargle
Bawang Hypertension to lower cholesterol in the
blood
Toothache
Lagundi Skin diseases
Headache
Asthma, cough and fever
Rheumatism, sprain, insect bites
Eczema
dysentery
Sambong Antiedema
Diuretic
antiurolithiasis
Niyug-nyugan Anti helminthic
Tsaang gubat Stomach ache
diarrhea
Yerba buena Swollen gums
Pain
Insect bites
toothache
Menstrual and gas pain
Arthritis
Nausea and fainting
diarrhea
Ulasimang bato (pansit-pansitan) Uric acid excretion
EXPANDED PROGRAM OF IMMUNIZATION
Objective: To reduce the morbidity and mortality among infants and children caused by the 6
childhood immunizable diseases.
PD 996 – providing for compulsory basic immunization for infants and children below 8 years of age.
VACCINE MIN. AGE OF ROUTE SITE INTERVAL
1SY DOSE &
DOSE
BCG At birth intradermal Right deltoid
1 dose & booster (0.05 ml)
at school Left deltoid
entrance (0.10 ml)
DPT 6 weeks Intramuscular Outer upper 4 weeks
0.5 ml portion of the
thigh
OPV 6 weeks Oral mouth 4 weeks
2 drops
Hepatitis B 6 weeks intramuscular Outer upper 4 weeks
0.5 ml portion of the
thigh
1
Measles 9 months subcutaneous Upper part of the
0.5 ml upper arm
TETANUS TOXOID IMMUNIZATION:
VACCINE MINIMUM AGGE DURATION OF
INTERVAL PROTECTION TO THE
MOTHER
TT1 As early as possible during Initial protection
pregnancy
TT2 At least 4 weeks after 3 years
TT3 At least 6 months later 5 years
TT4 At least 1 year later 10 years
TT5 At least 1 year later lifetime
BULLETS IN MCN:
HCG:
diagnostic hormone of pregnancy. (Positive in the urine on 14thDay after fertilization.)
main function is to maintain the corpus luteum for the first 2 months of pregnancy.
if excessive, could lead to morning sickness, only on the first trimester of pregnancy.
still excessive beyond 90 days during pregnancy, suspect H-mole.
produced by the chorionic villi of trophoblast.
peaked in the blood by the 70th day of pregnancy
+HCG in urine –only a probable sign of pregnancy.
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone – from anterior pituitary gland – stimulates melanin production.
Melanin :
protects a person against skin cancer.
produces choloasma or mask of pregnancy.
produces linea nigra in the abdomen during pregnancy and breast pigmentation or darkening.
Oxytocin :
produced by the posterior pituitary gland.
released at he onset of labor to contract myometrium of uterus to expel fetus and placenta’.
produces milk ejection or let down reflex, contracts breast ducts to move milk.
given to induce labor (pitocin, syntocin)
released postpartum to contract uterus, promotes involution ( 6 weeks),prevent post-partum
bleeding.
not given in cases of cephalopelvic disproportion.
given in hypotonic uterine contraction or secondary uterine inertia.
Cortisol:
from the adrenal cortex.
released by fetus to signal start of labor.
also called glucocorticoid – a steroid anti inflammatory, immune suppressant.
drug of choice for addison’s disease and addisonnian crisis.
ESTROGEN:
produced by the 2 ovaries (female gonads) later by graafian follicle, then corpus luteum for the
first 2 months of pregnancy then placenta.
femaleness hormone, develops and maintain female secondary sex characteristics.
2
pubertal hormone of girls
develops mammary or breast ducts
when women reaches menopause and estrogen decreased in the blood produces most of the
physiologic changes during menopause.
Lack of it after menopause could lead to women suffering from osteoporosis.
Drug of choice to treat menopausal changes like atrophic vaginitis (DES, Primarin).
It is lowest in the woman’s blood in the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle.
produces 8th fold thickness of the endometrium and proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
Produces positive spinbarkeit and increases leucorrhea during pregnancy.
Part of the contraceptive pills, when it remained elevated in the blood, estrogen blocks
oogenesis or ovulation. (Blocks release of FSH).
Estrogen or contraceptive pills not given when women are with breast cancer- that is why
ovaries are removed thru bilateral oophorectomy.
PROGESTERONE:
Produced by the ovaries, later by the corpus luteum, then the placenta .
Most important hormone during pregnancy.
When lacking in the blood during pregnancy it will lead to abortion.
Causes sleepiness and increased body temperature during pregnancy.
Part of the contraceptive pill, mini- pill, depoprovera- when it remain elevated in the
blood, blocks release of LH and ovulation.-decreased in the internal blood to signal the
start of labor, when it is decrease uterus becomes more motile, [Link] estrogen
promote and maintain female secondary sex characteristics.
Hormone that decrease GIT, uterine, urinary bladder tone during pregnancy.
TESTOTERONE:
Produced by the interstitial cells of Leydig of testicles.
Develops and maintain secondary sex characteristics.
Controlled by LH or luteinizing hormone from anterior pituitary gland.
FSH:
Produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
Stimulated by gonadal releasing hormone(GRH) or FSHRH from the hypothalamus,
FSH then stimulate ovaries to form primary oocyte.
Controls gametogenesis or oogenesis (ova-female gamete), spermatogenesis
(spermatozoa-male gamete).
LH:
Produced by the enterior pituitary gland.
Stimulated by GRH or LH releasing factor (LH) causing graafian follicle to produce
more estrogen and progesterone-causing non-ovulation.
Ovulation hormone.
PROLACTIN OR LACTOGEN:
Released from anterior pituitary gland after delivery of placenta when blood estrogen
level decreases.
Stimulates and maintain milk production by the alveoli of the female breasts.
Blocked by contraceptive pills that contain estrogen, also by cold compress. Breast
milk production continues thru complete emptying of the breast, hot compress or use of
breast pump.
Formulas Used to estimates pregnancy:
1. LMP Nageles Rule first day of LMP (-3+7+1)
2. Date of Quickening date of quickening Primigravida:
Date of Q + 4 mos + 20 days
3
Multigravida;
Date of Q + 5 + mos + 4 days
Estimate AOG:
1. Mc Donald’s Rule
Height in cm:
Fundic Height in cm X 2/7 = duration in months
Fundic height in cm X 8/7 = duration in weeks
2. Bartholomews rule of fours
Fundic height at the level of xiphoid process - 9 months (36 weeks)
Fundic height at the level of umbilicus - 5 months (20-22 wks)
Midway bet umbilicus and symphis pubis - 16 weeks
Fundic height at the level of the symphysis pubis - 1 month
Signs of Pregnancy:
Presumptive- suggestive but Probable – strong indicators Positive- should be detected
do not positively indicate of pregnancy by someone other than the
pregnancy mother
1. Amenorrhea Uterine enlargement Detection of the fetal heart
tones
2. Nausea and vomiting Hegars sign – softening of Palpation of fetal movement
the lower segment o the
uterus
3. Breast changes Goodell’s sign – softening of uTz detection of the ftus
the cervix due to increased
blood supply
4. Fatigue Chadwick’s sign – purplish
discoloration of the vaginal
mucosa
5. Frequent urination Ballotement – when fetus
rebounds against examiners
fingers during palpation.
Braxton hicks contraction –
irregular and painless uterine
contraction
Positive pregnancy test –
reliable by 90-98%
