Case Study for 100% Stator Earth Fault Protection Low Frequency (20HZ) Injection
method:
Relay Details: 1) Micom P 345 for measurement and Protection, Alstom Make.
2) Low Frequency (20 Hz), 20V generator injection Siemens make: 7XT33
NGT Transformer Details: 1) Single Phase Transformer, 125KVA, Primary = 21KV/
Secondary = 0.22KV N.G resistance = 0.0682 ohms, 220V side resistance = 0.06652 /
0.05870.
The Above diagram explained 100% stator earth fault 20hz low injection method. It
consists of two Voltage transformers and voltage transformer secondary connected with
parallel condition and associated to input of Earth fault [Link] transformer connected in
neutral point of generator that is called NGT (Neutral Grounding Transformer.) and another
one placed in phase side of generator with secondary open delta connection.
In additionally for current measurement 20HZ low voltage injection side 2000/5 A Current
transformer provided.
Advantage of 20HZ low injection Method:
1) It can be worked the Generator stand still condition as well as during rolling of
machine before synchronising.
2) It will work Generator Running condition.
Relay setting Calculations as per BHEL:
A) Calculation as per BHEL
64R Factor (As per BHEL ) = ( Vpy / VSec)^2 * Vdiv / CTR
= ( 21000 / 220 )^2 * 5/2 * 5/2000
64 R factor = 56.94
Alarm = 10000 / 56.94 = 175.62 Ohms
Trip = 5000 /56.94 = 87.811 Ohms
B) Calculation as per Micom manual (refer Micom Relay)
64R Factor (As per BHEL ) = ( Vpy / √3 / VSec)^2 * Vdiv / CTR
= ( 21000√3 / 220 )^2 * 5/2 * 5/2000
64 R factor = 18.98
Alarm = 10000 / 18.98 = 526.87 Ohms
Trip = 5000 / 18.98 = 263.43 Ohms
Calibration Method for 100% stator earth fault 20HZ low frequency Method:
The following Parameter to be set at Relay:
1) Angle Compensation (64S Angle Comp)
2) Series resistance Setting (64S Series R)
1) Angle Compensation (64S Angle Comp) :
Purpose of the Angle compensation setting is used to eliminate any phase error
caused by internal and external CTs associated with the 64S current measurement.
Under normal condition, Relay read to lumped capacitance on the system. I64s
should be capacitive and should lead the voltage V64S by +90 degree. The 64S
Angle Comp setting should be adjusted so that +90 degree is achieved.
2) Series Resistance Setting(64S series R):
After adjustment of angle compensation, the series resistance RS adjustment
can be established by applying short circuit of generator Star point.64S series
resistance R setting originally set to zero, the relay measure some resistance the
resistance due the earthing transformer and its connected cables.
Compensation of extra resistance in the circuit (measure in 64S R primary) the
value adjusted in 64S series R setting. Adjust the value of 64RS series R and
simultaneously monitoring 64S R primary value if the value reached zeros the
adjustment should be stopped.
The above both adjustments performed in no fault and short circuit condition so
that the better set to zero value in 64S R primary measurement, applied fault
resistance across connected with generator neutral point, the both parameter can
adjust and it should be read in relay 64S R primary equal zero.
During adjustment to above parameter and need to read zero. Adjustment for few
hundred OHMs compensation it recommend to 64S Resistance R compensation (for
minor adjustment).For higher resistance adjustment is more effective to adjust 64S
Angle compensation setting.
As per above method calibration carried out the in the relay even though the
perfect value could not measure in relay. i.e Relay measured by fault resistance is
not matched with fault resistance apply in the Primary NGT.
Identified Problem:
1) Carried out analysing with BHEL in the issue it concludes that due to low
resistance (value = 0.07 Ohms) The same problem intimated to ALSTOM as well as
BHEL PEM on dated 13/01/2015.
(Refer attachment = 100% stator E/F –[Link])
Alstom Reply:
Band Pass Filter 9 ohms and if design of NGR very small. The maximum voltage
drop across band pass filters and minimum voltage drop across NGR measured
voltage by relay. As per Micom P345 Relay manual Alstom Suggested that 0.5Ohms
for NGT secondary.
Alstom suggested to doing some experiment and modification of voltage divider
(5/2) to (5/1).As per the instruction of Alstom calibration carried out in both unit but
problem could not solved.
(Refer attachment = 100% stator E/F –[Link])
Final Conclusion:
Bhel recommended that Changing of NGT design as per protection
requirement. The value given here. (Refer file Attachment = BHEL-D) mail on dated :
24/04/2015. NGR yet to be procured .Before procurement of new NGT it should be
verified and confirmed with Alstom design aspect.
Note: At presently for 100% earth fault 3rd harmonics under voltage method enabled
as per guidelines of BHEL Mail dated 27/01/2015.
(Refer attachment = 100% stator E/F –[Link])
Note: Past experience, when units were going to synchronization with grid unit was
tripped on 100% Stator Earth fault protection (20HZ injection method used). The
same problem observed for both units. Analysis of both unit tripping the relay was
mal operated only at the time of unit synchronous with grid. During synchronising the
primary value measured by relay instantly changed and given trip command for
generator circuit breaker. Generator stand still condition 100% SEF did not operate
and healthy condition. After identified this problem BHEL Suggested and adopted to
3rd harmonics injection method.(Refer Mail 100% stator E/F –[Link] )
Demerits of 3rd harmonics under voltage method for 100% Stator Earth fault
Protection:
1) 3rd harmonics under voltage method could not work in generator stand still
condition. Commonly Generator produce 3rd harmonics voltage this voltage
depends upon loading of the machine. If machine generate the load less
simultaneously 3rd harmonics voltage measured by relay is less. Higher
load condition 3rd harmonics maximum generate.
2) It will be enabled more than 80% of generator terminal voltage. Less than
80% of Voltage the protection inactive condition.
