Passing The Certified Safety
Professional Exam
After Being Away From School for a
Long Time...
ASP Set 6 Paul Mcneill, CSP
Occupational illness caused by a
virus?
Hepatitis B is caused by the Hepatitis B virus
Brucellosis and tuberculosis are caused by bacteria
What are single celled
parasitic organisms that can
cause occupational illnesses?
Protozoa are single celled organism and many are parasitic.
Bacteria are single celled but not parasitic.
Viruses do not have all the components of a cell.
Which chemical when stored would cause an increase in facility risk when stored in an area with
wet pipe automatic sprinkler system?
Calcium Carbide-with moisture creates corrosive calcium hydroxide and liberates acetylene
(ethylene). If inhaled; acetylene (ethylene) can cause depression and can ignite.
How long does GFCI typically take to
open the circuit and interrupt the
current flow when it detects current
leakage to ground in a circuit?
2-3 hundredths of a second (.02-.03
seconds)
What is typical sign of heat
syncope?
Fainting-syncope is synonymous with
partial or full loss of consciousness.
When a volcano erupts
nearby, what hazard can
engulf an entire town with
little warning?
Pyroclastic flow-the hot ashes
and gas that flow down the side
of a volcano at very high
speeds.
Predictive analytical method
designated by the acronym
THERP?
Human error-THERP stands for
technique for human error rate
prediction. It is a quantitative method for
estimating the probability of human
error occurring during a process or
sequence of steps.
When should an octave bans
analyzer be used?
To determine where the noise energy
lies in the frequency spectrum.
Octave band analyzers used to
understand noise energy across a
broad spectrum of frequencies.
What is basic operating
principle of a portable
combustible gas meter?
The measured change in
electrical resistance from
heating due to combustion of
the sample gas across the
Wheatstone bridge.
What is a form of nonionizing
radiation?
Ultraviolet radiation is nonionizing.
Alpha; x-ray and gamma are ionizing.
Which type of dry chemical is most
suitable for extinguishing fires fueled
by ordinary combustibles such as
paper and cardboard?
Ammonium phosphate
Which type of sprinkler system is
designed primarily to protect
properties when there is danger of
serious water damage, resulting from
damaged automatic sprinklers or
broken sprinkler piping?
Preaction system-typically
found in environments with lots
of computers and museums
where discharges of water are
major concern.
The best protection for
employees operating power
presses?
The fixed enclosure guard-it is
in place all the time.
Why should a hood guard be
used on the abrasive wheel of
a floor stand grinder?
To contain the fragments of a
broken abrasive wheel.
What hazard does compressed
oxygen (medical grade)
present when assessing the
fire risk in hospital rooms?
Compressed oxygen can cause
a fire to burn much more
intensely.
What general class of
hydrocarbon is the less
flammable material acetylene
(also called ethyne)
catalogued?
Alkyne-acetylene is a triple
carbon-carbon bond
hydrocarbon.
What is a type of
workplace violence?
Armed robbery
The possibility of a welder being
engulfed by grain while inside a grain
hopper is a hazard that should be
considered as part of ______
Hazardous energy control program
How are future injuries and
property damage caused by
unsafe employee actions best
reduced?
Systematically reinforcing
positive employee actions and
behavior.
What is most significant when
evaluating equipment
maintenance operating
procedures?
Ensuring that machine energy is
zero and will remain so during
maintenance
Before maintaining electrically powered
equipment, an employee opens the electrical circuit
powering the equipment and places his personal
lock on the circuit to ensure that the circuit
remains open while he is performing maintenance
on the equipment serviced by that electrical
circuit-what type of control does this describe?
Locking out a circuit is an administrative control (a
procedure) since it requires a person to perform the
action each time.
What best describes the term “universal precautions”
The use of comprehensive infection control
procedures including necessary personal protective
equipment, sharps management and contaminated
equipment management.
What is necessary when
hearing protection is first
provided to employees?
Employees should be shown
how to use the hearing
protection and when to use it.
What type of glove materials
are best for handling
containers contaminated with
an acid such as hydrochloric
acid?
Butyl rubber or neoprene
Which is a key component in a
typical behavioral approach to
improving safety?
Setting goals-management
should be willing to check on
progress toward meeting goals.
Upper flammable limit
Maximum vapor concentration
supporting combustion
Combustible gas indicator
Operates with a catalytic sensor and
Wheatstone bridge
Requires oxygen to operate properly
Some use infrared technology
Hazardous area classification
Class I
Hazardous area classification
Class II
Hazardous area classification
Class II
Combustible dusts are likely to be
present
Hazardous area classification
Class III
Easily ignitable fibers are likely to
be present
Sprinklers NFPA 13
Wet pipe and dry pipe system
Wet Pipe: water in system at all times and water releases
when sprinkler head is heated.
Dry-pipe system:
Pipe filled with compressed air
Water released when air pressure drops after opening at
sprinkler head
Used where freezing may be a problem
Main valve must be in heated enclosure
Sprinklers NFPA 13
Deluge system and Halon (FM-200)
(NFPA 12A)
Deluge system:
● Wets down entire area by admitting water to sprinklers open at all
times
● Used in high hazard areas
● Sprinkler heads are maximum 15 feet apart
Halon (FM-200) (NFPA 12A
● Displaces oxygen
● Used to protect computer rooms, sensitive expensive equipment
Fire Extinguishment
CO2 (NFPA 12)
● Oxygen dilution
Standpipes and hose systems
(NFPA 14)
Portable fire extinguishers
Rated based on fire class for extinguishment
● Class A-water
● Class B-foam or chemical agent
● Class C-foam or chemical agent
● Class D-dry powder
Portable fire extinguishers
Rated on floor area to cover
11,250ftsquared
● 75 feet max travel distance to class A, D
● 50 feet max travel distance for class B
fire
● Employees must be trained in use of
extinguishers
Sprinkler Head Placement (NFPA 13)
● Maximum allowed protection area per
sprinkler not to be exceeded
● Maximum spacing of 15 feet
● 18 inches clearing underneath and
around sprinkler heads
Smoke detectors
Respond to particles passing through a light beam
● Beam photoelectric detectors-opacity of smoke
● Reflected beam-detector senses light reflected from
● particles
Ionization detectors
Earliest practical detection
Particles intercept ionized air (from radiation source)
causing a change in electrical current
May be place in HVAV
MEANS OF EGRESS
● exit access-path leading to exit
● exit-protected space separated from
other parts of building
● exit discharge-last segment between
exit and land outside (door)
Exits
● must be clearly marked
● exit doors must be at least 32 inches wide after 1994
and 28 inches wide before 1994
● stairway downward should allow 45 persons/minute
per 22 inches of width
● exit doors must open in the direction of travel
● pull stations located within 5 feet of exit and exit
discharge
NFPA 70 Live Work
Determine shock hazard boundaries
● Only qualified persons can enter the restricted
approach boundary. Entering the prohibited approach
boundary is considered the same as touching live
parts. These boundaries are for shock protection only;
they determine when electrical workers must use
voltage-rated (rubber) gloves and voltage rated
(fiberglass) tools.
NFPA 70 Live Work
Determine flash protection boundary
● The default flash protection boundary for systems
operating at 600 volts is 48 inches. Qualified person
who works closer than 48 inches to live parts must
wear PPE clothing including flame resistant clothing.
This PPE is for arc-flash and arch-blast protection, not
protection against electric shock.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
● Detects difference between 2
conductors
● Shuts off circuit if there is a
difference-as low as 2 ma and as quickly
as .02 seconds
● Used in bathrooms; kitchens and
outdoor circuits
Static electricity NFPA 77
● Electrical charges build up on the surface of materials
● Charge is discharged as arc through the air
● Builds up in dry air
● Moving fluids, belts and sliding materials build up
static charges
● Static charges are controlled through grounding and
bonding
Grounding and bonding
● Grounding: electrically connecting a
piece of equipment to ground (earth)
● Bonding: electrically connecting two (or
more) pieces of equipment together.
This prevents a static charge buildup
between the pieces.
Safety charter
● It is essential that safety function be
implemented as line responsibility
● Safety organizational element is a
staff function that provides advice
and assistance to the line in effort to
comply with safety
Safety policy
Broad statement outlining
organizational
commitment to safety
Administration
Function of planning; organizing;
coordination and measuring
performance and providing the
data to the organization
Management
Function of planning; organizing;
coordination and measuring
information and using that data to
persuade an organization to
move in a specific direction.
Gantt chart
Bar chart illustrating a project
schedule. It uses a work
breakdown structure to detail the
start and finish dates of terminal
elements.
CEO; plant manager and department
head
Sets tone for safety; leads by
example
What are exceptions to
workers compensation laws?
Most common are: domestic
servants; casual (short term =,
temporary) laborers; agricultural or
seasonal farm laborers; volunteer
workers, and workers who are
covered by other laws (railroad and
maritime workers).
What is warranty of a
product?
Addresses the performance of a product
regarding implied or explicit claims made for it by
the manufacturer or seller.
Warranty is part of contract law and the
relationships between buyers and sellers.
Negligence theory of liability?
Involves the conduct or behavior of a
person or corporate body regarding
something they did or failed to do.
Negligence and strict liability are part
of tort law.
Strict liability theory of
liability?
Deals with the characteristics of
products that are unreasonably
dangerous.
Negligence and strict liability are part
of tort law.
What are two types of
warranty?
Implied and express warranty.
What is implied warranty?
Divided into merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose:
1. Merchantability-means that a product is fit for the ordinary
purposes for which such goods are used. Applies only to the
sellers who normally deal in particular goods.
2. Fitness for particular purpose-if the product purchased on the
basis of the seller’s assistance does not perform, the implied
warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is breached.
What is express warranty?
When a seller makes expressed claims or representations for a
product that become a basis for the bargain. Plaintiff must
establish only that the product failed to meet the seller’s
warranty or representations and that an injury resulted from
that failure.
Plaintiff does not have to prove that a defect or unreasonable
danger existed in the product.
Elements of strict liability?
Plaintiff must prove the three elements evidence:
1. Product was defective
2. Defect existed at the time it left the defendants
hands
3. That the defect caused the injury or harm or was
the proximate cause of the injury.
What is a design defect?
Design defects are unreasonably
dangerous characteristics of a
product resulting from decisions,
calculations, drawings, or
specification of the design process.
What is a toxic material?
It has a negative effect on a normal
human function when it is
administered in a relatively small
dose.
What is acute toxicity?
Is experienced in a relatively short
time span
What is chronic toxicity?
Is the result of repeated exposure
over a relatively long period of time.
What is dosage?
Amount of chemical administered
per unit of body weight.
What is dose threshold?
Is the minimum dosage of a
chemical that can produce a
measurable adverse effect.
What is a lethal dose?
It is the dosage of a chemical that can produce death in a
certain percentage of laboratory animals.
I.e. lethal dose 50 or LD50 is the dosage of a chemical that can
produce death in 50 percent (half) of lab animals when entry is
by ingestion or skin absorption.
Route of entry is by inhalation of a toxic chemical, lethal dose is
expressed as lethal concentration or LC. i.e. LC50 is the
dosage of a toxic chemical that can produce death in 50
percent of lab animals route is inhalation
What are corrosives?
Chemicals that can cause
irreversible alteration of a living
tissue
What are asphyxiants?
Difference between simple and
chemical asphyxiants?
Substances that can cause suffocation by preventing oxygen
from reaching tissues.
Simple asphyxiants-gases/vapors that are not toxic by
themselves but can cause suffocation as a result of reducing
the oxygen concentration. i.e hydrogen and nitrogen
Chemical asphyxiants-interfere with the body’s capability to
absorb oxygen into the bloodstream. i.e. carbon monoxide and
hydrogen cyanide
What is a hepatoxin?
Chemicals that attack the liver
What is a nephrotoxin?
Chemical that targets kidneys
What is a neurotoxin?
Chemicals that attack the central
nervous system
What are carcinogens?
Chemicals that have the potential to
cause cancer in humans
What are sensitizers?
Chemicals that can cause an allergic
reaction in the body after repeated
exposure.
What are irritants?
Chemicals that can cause
inflammation of living tissue as a
result of a chemical reaction.
What is a reproductive toxin?
Any chemical that interferes in any way with the reproductive
process by the creation of mutations or tetratogenesis:
● Mutagens-are chemicals that cause permanent changes to
genetic material (DNA), such that changes will propagate
through generational lines.
● Teratogens are chemicals that cause damage to a developing
fetus, but the damage does not propagate across generational
lines.
What is a threshold limit
value?
Airborne concentrations of substances to which it
is believed that nearly all workers may be
repeatedly exposed day after day without
adverse health effects
TLVs can be categorized into: TLV-Time
weighted average; TLV-C (threshold limit value
ceiling); TLV-STEL (threshold limit value short
term exposure limit
Threshold limit value time
weighted average?
It is the time weighted average, in an
8 hour workday and a 40-hour
workweek, to which nearly all
workers may be repeatedly exposed
to without any adverse health
effects.
Paul McNeill, CSP is a Senior Safety
Consultant with Insperity
Paul Mcneill, CSP
[email protected]
