EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12697-28 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM ICS 93.080.20 English version Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 28: Preparation of samples for determining binder content, water content and grading ‘This Europeen Standard was approved by CEN on 24 Novemiber 2000. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Intemal Regulations which stipulate the condition forgiving this European Slandard the status ofa national standard without any alteration, Up-to-dato lets and biblographicalretarances conceming uch national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Conte of to any CEN member. ‘This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Garman). A version in any other language made by translation Under the responsibil of a CEN member into fs own language and notiled te the Management Cente hae the same statue asthe oficial (CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Bolglum, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Joeland, Irland, tal, Luxombourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Suatzerand and United Kingdom. Zo EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 96 B-1050 Brussels (©2000 CEN All ights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Rel, No. EN 12697-28:2000 € worlwide for CEN national MembersPage 2 EN 12697-28:2000 Contents Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Apparatus . 5 Preparation of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures Page aaoanaaePage 3 EN 12697-28:2000 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 "Road Materials’, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, ‘Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listet below: EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 1: Soluble binder content PrEN 12697-2:1998, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 2: Particle size dis- tribution EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures -Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 3: Binder recovery: Rotary evaporator EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 4: Binder recovery: Fractionating column prEN 12697-5:1996, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hat mix asphalt - Part 5: Determination of the maximum density PrEN 12697-6:1996, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimen by hydro-static method prEN 12697-7:1996, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 7: Determination of buik density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays prEN 12697-8:1996, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 8: Determination of the air voids content of bituminous materials prEN 12697-9:1997, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 9: Determination of the reference density, gyrator compactor PrEN 12697-10:1996, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 10: Compactibility PEN 12697-11:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen prEN 12697-12:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 12: Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 13: Temperature measurement EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphait - Part 14: Water content PrEN 12697-15:1997, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 15: Determination of the segregation sensitivity of bituminous mixtures. prEN 12697-16:2000, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyresPage 4 EN 12697-28:2000 prEN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt ~ Part 17: Partical loss of specimen prEN 12697-18:1997, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 18: Binder drainage from porous asphalt prEN 12697-19:2000, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt ~ Part 19: Permeability of specimen prEN 12697-20:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 20: Indentation using cube or marshall specimens prEN 12697-21:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 21: Indentation, using plate specimens prEN 12697-22:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 22: Whee! tracking prEN 12697-28:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 23: Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens prEN 12697-24:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 24: Resistance to fatique . prEN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt ~ Part 25: Dynamic creep test prEN 12697-26:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 26: Stiffness EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 27: Sampling EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 28: Preparation of ‘samples for determining binder content, water content and grading prEN 12697-29:1996, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 29: Determination of the dimensions of bituminous specimen prEN 12697-30:2000, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 30: Specimen ‘preparation, impact compactor prEN 12697-31:2000, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods lor hot mix asphalt - Part 31: Specimen preparation, gyratory compactor prEN 12697-32:1997, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 32: Laboratory ‘compaction of bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor prEN 12697-33:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt ~ Part 33: Specimen preparation, slab compactor prEN 12697-34:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 34: Marshall test prEN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing prEN 12697-36:1996, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 36: Method for the determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement prEN 12697-37:1999, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 37: Hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on preceated chippings for HRA prEN 12697-38, Common equipment and calibrationPage 5 EN 12697-28:2000 ‘The applicability of this European Standard is described in the product standards for bituminous mixtures. No existing European Standard is superseded. 1 Scope This European Standard describes test methods for preparing test portions for the determination of the binder, water content and grading of samples of biturninous mixtures, when the sample submitted to the laboratory has a mass greater than or equal to four times the test portion. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 58, Sampiing bituminous binders. EN 932-1, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 1: Methods for sampling. prEN 12697-36:1996, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Method for the determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavernent. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 58 and the following apply. 34 representative sample bulk sample consisting of a specified number of increments purposely taken to represent a specific ‘quantity or area of material NOTE A representative sample is assumed to have the same composition as the material sampled, within the limits of precision associated with the method of sampling, 3.2 laboratory sample sample despatched to the laboratory NOTE. Itmay be the whole or part of the bulk or representative sample and should be of sufficient quantity for al tests requiredPage 6 EN 12697-28:2000 3.3 test portion part of the laboratory sample to be used for a specific test procedure to produce a single test result 3.4 test specimen part of the test portion on which a single test is carried out NOTE A number of tests may be necessary to produce a test result. 3.5 test result result obtained by applying the test procedure to a test portion NOTE When the test procedure is required to be carried out on more than one test specimen, the test result will be calculated as the mean result of a number of determinations. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Balance 4.2 Ruler 4.3 Circular saw, capable of cutting stone 4.4 Oven, conventional or microwave 4.5 Stopwatch 4.6 Metal tray (optional) 4.7 Sample splitter in accordance with EN 932-1 (such as that shown in Figure 1), optional 4.8 Shovel 4.9 Container 5 Preparation of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures 5.1 Preliminary inspection and storage 5.14 (On receipt of the laboratory sample inspect it and record its condition, 5.1.2 If a slab or a core cut from compacted material is to be stored prior to examination or separation of courses, take care so as to minimise deformation or deterioration of the material. Store slabs on a clean, hard, flat surface, preferably out of direct sunlight, with the final rolled surface at the bottom. NOTE Cores of well compacted materials made with high viscosity binders will normally keep well standing vertically upside down on a clean bench in a cool room, but cores cut from less stable ‘materials may require refrigeration especially for porous asphalt cores.Page 7 EN 12697-28:2000 5.2 Pre-treatment of laboratory samples taken before and during laying 5.2.1 Binder drainage If any binder drainage has ocourred, collect and weigh as much of the drained material as possible and record the details. When the laboratory sample has been reduced to a suitable size for testing, add a proportionate representative weighed fraction of the drained material to the test portion. Record if the drained material can not be collected. 5.2.2 Uncoated aggregate Record the presence of any uncoated or fractured aggregate but do not remove such aggregate. 5.3 Pre-treatment of laboratory samples taken after laying 5.3.1 General lf possible, record the average thickness (or thickness if there is more than one course) in accordance with prEN 12697-36:1996 and the presence of any extraneous material. Remove all extraneous material in accordance with the appropriate clause of this European Standard. It complete removal is Not possible, this shall be recorded. NOTE In most cases, total removal can only be effected by sawing. 5.3.2 Coated chippings If possible, remove chippings by hand before starting the tests. If removal is not possible (e.g. due to deep embedment), record this and proceed with the tests, NOTE 1 Coated chippings may normally be removed with a suitable tool after warming the sample. For this purpose a temperature approximately 40 °C below the appropriate maximum temperature given in Table 1 is suitable. NOTE 2 It may be possible to identify and remove the chippings after extraction ofthe binder and if this is done an allowance for the mass ofthe chippings should be made in the test and the fact, recorded on the test report. 5.3.3 Surface dressings Remove any surface dressing, if possible. Record the presence of any visible penetration of the surface dressing binder into the sample. NOTE Total removal will req sawing. 5.3.4 Tack coat or linding grit Record the presence of any tack coat or blinding gritPage 8 EN 12697-28:2000 5.3.5 Fractured aggregate Record the presence of any fractured aggregate but do not remove such aggregate. NOTE To reduce the effect of fractured aggregate on the test result, slabs are preferred to cores. 5.3.6 Multi-course slab or core lt necessary, use a circular, stone cutting saw to separate courses, particularly with core samples. In situations where this approach and other physical methods of cold separation are impractical, lay the slab or core upside down on a clean sheet metal tray and warm it in a conventional oven just sufficiently to soften the material so that the courses may be separated. NOTE 1 In some cases, insertion at the interface of the courses of a paint-stripping knife with a wide blade, or similar tool, will assist in the separation. NOTE 2 Only when other representative samples are not available should the separation of the courses of a sample that has broken be attempted. In such cases if separation by hand picking is attempted, test results will be unreliable and this should be clearly stated in the test report. 5.3.7 Free water ifthe water content is not being determined and free water is visible on the material, or ifthe laboratory sample feels wet to the touch or if there is any reason to suppose that the material may contain water that is unevenly dispersed, break the material into pieces, after warming if necessary, of ‘such a size that the water can readily evaporate. Leave the broken material exposed as a thin layer on a clean, hard surface, in a laboratory for at least 24 h at (21 +3) °C. Then treat the sample as described in 5.4 or 5.5 as appropriate. 5.4 Heat treatment before reducing the laboratory sample 5.4.1 - Determine an accurate water content of the sample before sample reduction using no more heat than is required to facilitate the breaking up of the sample. 5.4.2 Treat laboratory samples that can not be remixed at room temperature as follows. Heat the entire sample or separated course in a suitable oven at a temperature not exceeding the appropriate value given in Table 1 until itis just sufficiently soft to be readily mixed and divided. Do not leave the ‘Tuaterial in the oven for more than 4h. NOTE 1 The temperature and time constraints minimise loss of the volatile constituents of the binder. NOTE 2 Conventional ovens are considered suitable for most instances. However, for the preparation of soft asphalt samples that may include light components, the use of a microwave oven may reduce the tisk of binder hardening.Page 9 EN 12697-28:2000 Table 1 - Temperatures of the oven for reheating laboratory samples prior to. sample reduction Nominal grade of binder in sample Maximum temperature of oven °C > 330 penetration at 25 °C 105 Above 60 up to 380 penetration at 25 °C 120 . 25 to 60 penetration at 25 °C 135 Less than 25 penetration at 25 °C 150 5.5 Sample reduction for the determination of binder content, water content and grading 5.5.1 Weigh the entire laboratory sample, or each portion representing the separate courses, and place on a clean hard surface, e.g. a sheet metal tray. Mix the material thoroughly and reduce it to the quantity required for test, as given in Table 2, either by using a sample splitter, which may be heated or slightly ciled or by quartering as described in 5.5.2 to 5.5.8. NOTE 1 The use of a sample spiiter for nominal sizes of 20 mm and larger is likely to be quicker and will provide a sample of accuracy equal to or greater than that obtained by quartering. The width of the chutes should be at least 1,5 times the diameter of the largest aggregate. NOTE 2 Oil used for lubricating the sample splitter should be kept to a minimum and be light oil, not diesel (gas oil) NOTES By assuming equal subdivision of the laboratory sample after each quartering process itis possible, by weighing the original sample, to estimate whether the mass remaining after quartering will be within the appropriate range given in Table 2. If the estimated mass is above the upper limit of the appropriate range given in Table 2, the mass of the original sample may be reduced by one quarter. This should be done by quartering twice, rejecting two opposite quarters from the second quartering process, combining the remainder from the second quartering process with the material out aside from the first quartering process and then carrying out the procedure as described in 5.5.2 to 5.5.8 (see Figures 2 and 3).Page 10 EN 12697-28:2000 Table 2 - Mass of material for each determination Type of material |Largest size of aggregate! Mass of test portion for each determination mm Minimum Maximum (Normative) _g _| (Informative) . g Bituminous 63 or 45 3.000 5 000 mixture 40 2.500 4000 31,5 1500 2800 22,4 or 20 1000 2.000 16 or 14 of 12,5 | 800 1400 11,2 or 10 or 8 300 1000 6,3 or 5,6 or 4 or 2 150 500 Coated chippings All sizes 2 000 3.000 NOTE Maximum masses are given for guidance only. 5.5.2 Mix the material thoroughly by heaping it into a cone and tuming it over to form a new cone three times as described in §.5.3 0 5.5.8, 5.5.3 Form a conical heap by depositing each shovetful of the material on the apex ofthe cone. Distribute any material that rolls down the sides as evenly as possible, so that the centre of the cone is not Gisplaced. Push back to the edge of the heap any larger pieces of aggregate that may scatter round the base. 5.5.4 Ffatten the third cone formed from the mixed sample by repeated vertical insertions of the edge of a shovel ot board, commencing about the centre and working progressively round the cone, iting the shovel or board clear of the material after each insertion. 5.5.5 Ensure that the heap thus formed is reasonably uniform in thickness and diameter and that its centre coincides with the centre of the cone from which it was produced, 55.6 - Quarta the heap along two diameters that intersect at right angles. Combine one pair of dhagdnally ‘opposite quarters and discard the remainder. 5.5.7 Repeat 5.5.2 to 5.5.6 until the mass remaining is about four times the mass ofthe required test Specimen. When required, repeat 5.5.2 to 5.5.6 once more and set aside, in a sealed container, for the estimations of water content the quarters that would otherwise be discarded. However, i the binder Content and hence water content is to be calculated using the hot extractor method discard these quarters.Page 11 EN 12697-28:2000 558 oy Repeat 5:5.2't9 55:6 once more to obtain the required test specimen. NOTE 1 The'use of a quartering cross of wood or sheet metal, which can be forced through the heap, often facilitates quartering in cases where the material tends to segregate. NOTE 2 If drained binder was collected during the earlier treatment of the sample (see 5.2.1) a proportionate amount of binder should be added to the test specimen.Page 13 EN 12697-28:2000 a = 100% of mass Transtening Transferring Put aside for reduced Laboratory Sample = 50% of mass ‘Transferring Laboratory Sample reduced to approximately 75 % of initial mass Transferring. Quartering Putaside for reduced | Laboratory Sample L 25% of mass Elimination of approximately 25 % of initial mass Figure 2 — Diagram of subdivision to reduce mass of laboratory sample by one quarterPage 14 - EN 12697-28:2000 he ransterting, quartering and eliminating should be repeated as many erngs,3s f8 necessary to obtain a residual quantty (see Figure 2 (ato) of about four times the mass of the test portion required for test. Moisture content sample when required Carry out reduction ‘sequence once more ion to provide test protion for both water content and binder content