SUBMITTED BY
CAPT M ISHAQ KHAN
CAPT M USAMA KHAN
CAPT BABAR RASOOL
TE-56
SEC - A
3RD SEMESTER
DIGITAL LOGIC AN D
DESIGN
LAB 2
SUBMITTED TO
LAB ENGR MUHAMMAD HAMMAD
Lab 02
Basic logic gates
OBJECTIVES
• To correctly perform digital experiments
• To study about logic gates and verify their truth tables. COMPONENTS
REQUIRED
• Heath Kit Digital Trainer
• 7404 hex inverter
• 7432 quad two input OR gate
• 7408 quad two input AND gate
Introduction to Logic
‘Anything that make sense is called logic’. Circuit that takes the logical decision
and the process are called logic gates. Each gate has one or more input and
only one output. Digital circuits have two discrete voltage levels to represent the
binary digits (bits) 1 and 0. All digital circuits are switching circuits. Instead of
mechanical switches, they use high-speed transistors to represent either an ON
condition or an OFF condition.
Various types of logic, representing different technologies, are available to the
logic designer. The choice of a particular family is determined by factors such
as speed, cost, availability, noise immunity, and so forth. The key requirement
within each family is compatibility; that is, there must be consistency within the
logic levels and power supplies of various integrated circuits made by different
manufacturers. The experiments in this lab book use primarily transistor-
transistor logic, or TTL. The detailed performance characteristics of TTL depend
on the particular subfamily. However, all TTL is designed to operate from a 5 V
power supply, and the logic levels are the same for all TTL integrated circuits.
Important Logic Gates AND GATE The AND gate performs a logical
multiplication commonly known as AND function. The output is high when both
the inputs are high. The output is low level when any one of the inputs is low.
OR GATE The OR gate performs a logical addition commonly known as OR
function. The output is high when any one of the inputs is high. The output is
low level when both the inputs are low. Digital Logic Fundamentals By
Muhammad Hammad 2 | P a g e NOT GATE (Inverter) The NOT gate is called
an inverter. The output is high when the input is low.
Review Question
Verify all the gates
Implement the function F= X’Y’Z + X’YZ + XY’ using gates
