Jacaranda Maths Quest 10 + 10A: Number and algebra: Linear and non-linear

relationships

Topic 3: Coordinate geometry

Test B Name: _______________________

FLUENCY
Mark Progression
point
1 The equation of the line drawn below is: 1 8.5

A 3 y  5 x  15  0
B 3 y  5 x  15  0
C 3 x  5 y  5  0
D 3x  5 y  15  0
E 3 y  5 x  15  0

Answer: B

2 Which ordered pair is a solution to –3x + 2y = 12? 1 8.75

A (2, 3)
B (–3, 2)
C (–2, 3)
D (–3, –2)
E (4, 3)

Answer: C

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

3 The equation of a linear graph with a gradient of 3 and an x-intercept of –4 1 7.5

is:
A y = 3x – 12
B y = 3x + 4
C y = 3x – 4
D y = 3x + 12
E y = 4x – 3

Answer: A

4 The distance between the two points (6, 4) and (3, –2) is: 1 9.0
A 45
B 85

C 79

D 75

E 5

Answer: A

5 The equation of a linear graph that passes through (2, 2) and (2, 7) is: 1 8.5
A 4x – 5y + 18 = 0
B 5x + 4y + 18 = 0
C 5x + 4y – 18 = 0
D 5x – 4y – 18 = 0
E 4x + 5y + 18 = 0

Answer: D

6 If the midpoint of the line segment joining the points P (9, –4) and Q (x, y) has 1 8.75
the coordinates (12, 5), then the coordinates of Q are:
A (10.5, 0.5)
B (15, 14)
C (16.5, 7)
D (6, –3)
E (33, 14)

Answer: B

7 The midpoint of the line segment joining (–1, –5) and (3, –5) is: 1 8.75
A (2, –5)
B (1, 5)
C (1, –5)
D (2, 0)
E (–1, 0)

Answer: C

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

8 The gradient of the line perpendicular to 2x + 6y = 24 is: 1 9.75

A 3
1
B 3
C 4
1
D 6
E 6

Answer: A

9 The line that passes through (0, –3) and (2, 3) also passes through: 1 9.5
A (3, 0)
B (3, 1)
C (0, 1)
D (–2,–9)
E (–1, 3)

Answer: D

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

UNDERSTANDING
10 Determine the equation of the line AB from the diagram. 3 8.5

Answer:
Identify the two points A (2, –1) and B (4, 5).
y y
m 2 1
x2  x1
5 1
m
42
m3 [1 mark]
y  mx  c
1  3(2)  c
c  7 [1 mark]
y  3x  7 [1 mark]

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

11 Find the x- and y-intercepts of the following lines. 6 8.0

(a)  y  12  4 x
(b) 4x  3y = 36
(c) 3 y  2 x  15

Answers:
(a)  y  12  4 x

The y-intercept occurs when x  0.

 y  12  4  0
y  12
The y -intercept  (0, 12) [1 mark]
The x-intercept occurs when y  0.
12  4 x  0
4 x  12
x3
The x-intercept  (3,0) [1 mark]

(b) 4 x  3 y  36

The y-intercept occurs when x  0.

4  0  3 y  36
y  12
The y -intercept  (0, 12) [1 mark]
The x-intercept occurs when y  0.
4 x  3  0  36
x  9
The x-intercept = ( 9, 0) [1 mark]

(c) 3 y  2 x  15
The y-intercept occurs when x  0.
3 y  2  0  15
y  5
The y -intercept  (0, 5) [1 mark]
The x-intercept occurs when y  0.
3  0  2 x  15
15
x
2
 1 
The x-intercept   7 , 0  [1 mark]
 2 

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

12 AB is the diameter of a circle with A (–1, 3) and B (5, –3). What is the radius 4 9.25
of the circle? Give your answer as an exact value.

Answer:
AB  ( x2  x1 ) 2  ( y2  y1 ) 2

 5  1   3  3
2 2
AB  [1 mark]

 62  (6) 2
 36  36
 2  36 [1 mark]
AB  6 2 [1 mark]
6 2
Radius 
2
3 2 [1 mark]

13 Given the five lines below, explain the following, giving a reason for each. 6 10.0
L1 :  2 x  5 y  7
L2 : 5 x  2 y  2
L3 : 2 x  y  1
2
L4 : y   x  10
5
L5 : y  1  5 x

(a) Are any of the lines parallel?

(b) Are any of the lines perpendicular?
(c) Do any of the lines intersect at the same point on the y axis?

Answers:
2
[2 marks]
(a) L1 and L4 are parallel as they have the same gradient, 5 .
(b) L1 and L2 are perpendicular as the gradients when multiplied together = –1.
2 5 [2 marks]
  1
5 2
(c) L2, L3 and L5 all intersect at the point (0, 1). [2 marks]

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

14 Determine the equation of the line that is parallel to the line whose equation is 4 9.25
3

2 x  3 y  6 and has an x-intercept of 2 .

Answer:
2x  3y  6
2

m= 3 [1 mark]
A line that is parallel to this line will have the same gradient.
2
y   xc
3
 3 
  ,0
 2  is on the line [1 mark]
2 3
0    c
3 2
c  1 [1 mark]
The line that is parallel to 2 x  3 y  6 is:
2
y   x 1
3
2x  3y  3  0 [1 mark]

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

REASONING

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

15 2x + 3y = 5 and ax  6y = 14 are the equations of two lines. 6 10

(a) Find the value of a if the lines are:
(i) parallel
(ii) perpendicular.
 24 17 
 , 
(b) Show that the point  13 39  lies on the line 2x + 3y = 5. Explain what
it means if the point also lies on the perpendicular line.

Answers:
(a)
(i) If the lines are parallel, their gradients are exactly the same.
2x  3y  5
2
m
3
ax  6 y  14
a
m [1 mark]
6
Solve for a.

a 2

6 3
a  4 [1 mark]
(ii) If the lines are perpendicular, the product of their gradients is –1.

a 2
   1 [1 mark]
6 3
a
  1
9
a9 [1 mark]
 24 17 
 , 
(b) 2x + 3y = 5. Substitute the point  13 39  .
 24   17 
2    3 
 13   39 
48 17
 
13 13
65

13
5
 24 17 
 , 
So,  13 39  lies on the line 2x + 3y = 5. [1 mark]
It means that the two lines 2x + 3y = 5 and –4x  6y = 14 intersect at the
point
 24 17 
 , 
 13 39  . [1 mark]

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

16 Michael’s Plumbing charges $50 a visit plus $25 per hour. 7 9.5
(a) Find an equation relating the cost of the visit (C) and the length of the
visit (t, in hours).
(b) What does a 45-minute visit from the plumber cost?
(c) If the bill is $81.25, how long did the plumber stay?

Answers:
(a) A visit of 0 hours costs $50 (y-intercept).
A visit of 1 hour costs $75.
Consider the points (0, 50) and (1, 75).
y y
m 2 1
x2  x1
75  50

1 0
 25
C  mt  c
C  25t  50 [2 marks]
3
(b) When t = 4 hours,
3
C  25   50
4
3
 68
4
A 45-minute plumbing visit costs $68.75. [2 marks]

(c) If C = $81.25,
81.25 = 25t + 50
31.25 = 25t
t = 1.25
1
1
The plumber would have stayed for 4 hours. [3 marks]

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

17 Show that triangle PQR is right-angled, where the coordinates of the vertices 8 10.0
are P (2, 6), Q (5, 7) and R (8, –2).

Answer:
Distance between two points  ( x2  x1 ) 2  ( y2  y1 ) 2

 5  2   7  6
2 2
PQ 

 32  (1)2
 9 1
 10 [2 marks]

 8  5   2  7 
2 2
QR 

 32  (9) 2
 9  81
 90 [2 marks]

 8  2   2  6 
2 2
PR 

 62  (8)2
 36  64
 100
 10 [2 marks]
PR  PQ  QR
2 2 2

   
2 2
102  10 90
100  10  90
100  100 [2 marks]
Hence PQR is a right-angled triangle.

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

PROBLEM SOLVING
18 Using coordinate geometry, prove that the line segment joining A to the 5 10.0
midpoint of BC and the line segment joining C to the midpoint of AB are
congruent.

Answer:
Let X be the midpoint of BC.
Let Y be the midpoint of AB.
 4a  8a 4b  0 
 , 
X=  2 2 
X = (6a, 2b) [1 mark]
 0  4a 0  4b 
 , 
Y=  2 2 
Y = (2a, 2b) [1 mark]

 6a  0     2b  0 
2 2

AX =
 6a 
2
 (2b) 2
=
36a 2  4b 2
=
2 9a 2  b 2
= [1 mark]

 8a  2 a     0  2b 
2 2

CY =
 6a 
2
 (2b) 2
=
36a 2  4b 2
=
2 9a 2  b 2
= [1 mark]
AX is congruent to CY.
This means that the line segment joining A to the midpoint of BC is congruent
to the line segment joining C to the midpoint of AB. [1 mark]

19 A (0, 4), B (–4, 6) and C (–2, 0) are points on a grid. 12 10.25

(a) Show that the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of AB
and AC is (–3, 3).
(b) Investigate whether the point (–3, 3) lies on the line BC.

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

Answers:
(a) If the lines are perpendicular bisectors, that means each line passes through
the other line’s midpoint. Find the midpoints of AB and AC.
 x  x y  y2 
Midpoint of AB   1 2 , 1 
 2 2 
 4  0 6  4 
 , 
 2 2 
  2,5  [1 mark]
 2  0 0  4 
Midpoint of AC   , 
 2 2 
  1, 2  [1 mark]
y y
mAB  2 1
x2  x1
64

4  0
1

2
A line perpendicular to AB has a gradient of 2. [1 mark]
Find the equation of the line perpendicular to AB with gradient 2.

y  y1  m  x  x1 
y  5  2( x  2)
y  2x  9 [1 mark]
04
mAC 
2  0
2
1

A line perpendicular to AC has a gradient of 2 . [1 mark]
Find the equation of the line perpendicular to AC.
1
y  2   ( x  1)
2
2 y  x  3 [1 mark]
If (–3, 3) lies on both lines, then the bisectors meet at this point.
Substitute (–3, 3) into the equation of one line.
y  2x  9
3  2(3)  9
33 [1 mark]
Substitute (–3, 3) into the equation of the other line.
2 y  x  3
2  3  (3)  3
66 [1 mark]
Hence the perpendicular bisectors meet at (–3, 3). [1 mark]

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Maths Quest 10 + 10A Topic 3: Coordinate geometry Test B

(b) Find the gradient of the line BC.

y y
mBC  2 1
x2  x1
60

4  (2)
 3 [1 mark]
Find the equation of the line BC.
mBC = –3, passing through (–2, 0)
y  y1  m( x  x1 )
y  0  3( x  2)
y  3 x  6 [1 mark]
Substitute (–3, 3) into the equation.
3  3  (3)  6
33
The point (–3, 3) does lie on the line BC. [1 mark]

Total marks: 71

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