Organization and Date: ____________
MODULE Presentation of Data: Week: 01
O4 Graphs Submission due date:
_____________
Content
Graphing Representations
Desired learning outcomes
enumerate the different types of graphs used in presenting data
describe each type of graph
discuss when and how to use the graph
give examples of each graph according to use
Lesson Overview:
Graphs are used to present data after it is collected and tabulated.
It is used to make data more presentable, easier to understand, and more appealing
to the reader.
Types of graphs: (for ungrouped data)
Bar Graph (or Bar Charts) – is a graphical display of data using bars or rectangular
figures of varying lengths that show variations in frequencies of observations.
o One axis of a bar graph features the categories being compared, while
the other axis represents the value of each. The length of each bar is
proportionate to the numerical value or percentage that it represents.
o It is used to compare data and to determine which class or interval is
more common or frequently appears in the text.
Example:
Bar Chart expressing number of prior Math Courses taken by 25 students taking Masters
Line Graph – is a graphical display of data using points connected by lines to show
variations.
o It is used to show trends and increase in sales, improvement of scores,
rise and fall of temperature of patients, enrolment of students in certain
courses, and comparison of population per year.
o One axis of the graph might represent a variable value, while the other
axis often displays a timeline. Each value is plotted on the chart, then the
points are connected to display a trend over the compared time span.
Multiple trends can be compared by plotting lines of various colors.
Example:
Pie chart - simplest and most efficient visual tool for comparing different parts
of a whole set at a glance.
o A circular chart is divided into sectors and the size of each sector is
proportional to the quantity it represents.
o Pie chart can quickly and effectively compare various budget allocations,
population segments or market-research question responses.
o Marketing content designers frequently rely on pie charts to compare
the size of market segments.
Steps solving for the percentage:
1. Calculate the total value of the data. This is the total number of data points
that you have. If you conducted a one-question survey, the total number of
data points would be the total number of responses you received.
2. Percentage: Calculate the ratio of each category. To find a ratio, place the
number of responses a particular category received over the number of data
points. Turn this into a percentage by dividing the numerator by the
denominator.
3. Degrees: Multiply each category percentage by 360. Use the decimal form of
the percentage in your calculation. This will give you the size of each
category's section in degrees. Each section needs to be represented as a
proportion of 360, since there are 360 degrees in a circle. You might need to
round decimals up or down. Make sure your total number of degrees adds up
to 360.
Example:
A survey was conducted on 100 American millennials on who their favorite Beatle is.
Resulting to: George = 27, John = 31, Ringo = 20, and Paul = 22
A. Solving for the percentage, we have the following:
George = 27/100 = .27 or 27%
John = 31/100 = .31 or 31%
Ringo = 20/100 = .20 or 20%
Paul = 22/100 = .22 or 20%
B. Solving for the degrees, we have the following
George = .27 x 360 = 97.2 degrees
John = .31 x 360 = 111.6 degrees
Ringo = .20 x 360 = 72 degrees
Paul = .22 x 360 = 79.2 degrees
Assessment Task:
1. Sketch the bar graph for each set of data below:
Region Vaccinated Unvaccinated
A 4,000 2,000
B 4,400 3,520
C 5,000 3,050
D 4,500 4,200
E 6,600 2,500
2. Sketch the line graph for the given data:
Year Population (in thousands)
1995 200
1996 210
1997 210.1
1998 250.5
1999 250.505
2000 260
2001 261
2002 263
2003 265
2004
3. Construct the pie chart for the given data below:
Number of Apples Sold by Store A
Day Quantity
Monday 214
Tuesday 322
Wednesday 305
Thursday 590
Friday 150
Saturday 240
Sunday 550
Performance Task:
Come up with your own data and construct the chart that is most applicable for your given data.
(Make sure that the data being used is your own.)
References:
Parreño, Elizabeth B. & Jimenez, Ronel O. Basic Statistics: A Worktext 2 nd Edition
